<p>Prema literaturnim podacima poslednjih godina velika pažnja je usmerena ka operativnom riziku i mortalitetu koji su postali najvažniji kriterijumi u ocenama rezultata rada hirur&scaron;kih ustanova, ali i svakog hirurga posebno. Zahvaljujući kompleksnom profilu pacijenata koji se podvrgavaju hirur&scaron;kim intervencijama, precizna procena operativnog rizika postaje sve teža. Predikcija ishoda intervencije u najvećoj meri zavisi od preoperativnih faktora rizika. Ipak, neminovno je da i faktori koji su vezani za samu operaciju u određenom stepenu utiču na ishod hirur&scaron;ke intervencije. Shodno tome, dobar model za procenu rizika treba da obuhvati faktore koji će imati najbolju prediktivnu vrednost. Thoracoscore je prvi bodovni sistem razvijen od strane Francuskog udruženja grudnih i vaskularinih hiruga. Zbog nedovoljne primene tokom poslednje decenije i nekonzistentnih rezultata nije do&scaron;lo do &scaron;irokog međunarodnog prihvatanja ovog modela i njegove rutinske upotrebe. Ova činjenica ukazuje na nedostake samog modela i potrebu za rekalibracijom u cilju postizanja bolje saglasnosti između predikcije operativnog rizika i kliničkog stanja bolesnika. Cilj rada je bio da se ustanovi realna vrednost Thoracoscore bodovnog sistema u proceni operativnog rizika i mortaliteta nakon anatomskih i neanatomskih resekcija pluća u na&scaron;im uslovima, i da se utvrdi prediktivna vrednost faktora rizika koji nisu obuhvaćeni Thoracoscore bodovnim sistemom na ishod grudno-hirur&scaron;kih operacija. Istraživanje je sprovedeno po tipu prospektivne kliničke studije i obuhvatilo je 957 bolesnika operisanih na Klinici za grudnu hirurgiju Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine. Izvr&scaron;ene hirur&scaron;ke procedure bile su anatomske resekcije (lobektomija, bilobektomija, pneumonektomija, Sleeve resekcija, segmentektomija) i neanatomske resekcije pluća (Wedge resekcija i druge atipične resekcije). Thoracoscore je izračunat za svakog bolesnika na osnovu devet parametara: godine starosti, pol, ASA skor, dispnea skor, procena op&scaron;teg stanja bolesnika, dijagnostička grupa, hitnost operacije, vrsta operacije i broj komorbiditeta. S obzirom da prediktivna vrednost Thoracoscore bodovnog sistema u proceni operativnog rizika nije bila adekvatna realnom stanju, regresionom analizom je evaluiran značaj tri nova faktora: forsirani ekspiratorni volumen u prvoj sekundi (FEV1), reoperacija i hirur&scaron;ki pristup (torakotomija, video-asistirana torakoskopija &ndash; VATS). Nakon &scaron;to je univarijantnom analizom potvrđeno da su ovi faktori nezavisni prediktori operativnog ishoda, originalni Thoracoscore model je rekalibrisan. Multivarijantnom analizom putem logističke regresije izračunati su novi beta koeficijenti za originalnih devet faktora, kao i za tri nova, te je kreiran lokalni model za procenu operativnog rizika koji je prilagođen na&scaron;oj populaciji. Prosečna starosti bolesnika bila je 62 &plusmn; 7,52 godina. Većinu uzorka (60,7%) činili su pripadnici mu&scaron;kog pola. Najveći broj resekcija činile su lobektomije (61,4%). Malignitet je bio najučestalija indikacija za operaciju (90,3%). Najveći broj bolesnika imao je 1-2 komorbiditeta (64,3%). Prosečna stopa operativnog rizika na osnovu Thoracoscore-a (4,7% ) bila je veća je od stvarnog (2,9%) intrahospitalnog mortalita (p&lt;0,01). Ovaj model je pokazao zadovoljavajuće rezultate jedino u grupi niskog rizika. Predikcija mortaliteta lokalnim modelom za procenu operativnog rizika u grudnoj hirurgiji se, u statističkom smislu, ne razlikuje od stvarnog mortaliteta (p = NS). Thoracoscore ima dobru diskriminativnu moć, ali nezadovoljavajuću kalibrisanost. Shodno tome, Thoracoscore model se može koristiti za stratifikaciju rizika, ali ne i za predikciju mortaliteta. Za razliku, lokalni model je pokazao dobru diskriminaciju i kalibrisanost u na&scaron;im uslovima. Interni model za procenu rizika bi bio od velike koristi u svakodnevnom kliničkom radu, budući da bi oslikavao realno stanje populacije u kojoj je razvijen i vr&scaron;io preciznu predikciju operativnog rizika.</p> / <p>According to the literature data, over the past several years, great attention has been focused on operative risk and mortality which have become the most important criteria in evaluating the results from surgical departments and individual surgeons, as well. Because of complex profiles of patients undergoing surgical interventions, it is becoming more difficult to assess the risk precisely. Prediction of surgical outcomes mostly depends on the preoperative risk factors. However, factors related to the procedure itself effect the surgical outcome to a certain degree. Therefore, a good risk assessment model must contain factors which will have the best predictive value. Thoracoscore is the first scoring system developed by the French Association of Thoracic and Vascular Surgeons. Due to insufficient utilization over the past decade and inconsistent results, this model has not been widely accepted for routine use. This fact indicates that the model lacks certain aspects and needs to be recalibrated in order to achieve better concordance between the predicted operative risk and the clinical state of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine real value of Thoracoscore scoring system for estimation of operative risk and mortality following anatomic and non-anatomic lung resections in our settings, and to determine predictive value of factors not included in Thoracoscore on the outcome of thoracic surgeries. This prospective study included 957 patients who underwent lung resections at the Thoracic surgery clinic of Institute for Lung Diseases of Vojvodina. Performed surgical procedures were anatomic lung resections (lobectomy, bilobectomy, pneumonectomy, Sleeve resection, segmentectomy) and non-anatomic lung resections (Wedge resection and other atypical resections). Thoracoscore was calculated for each patient based on the following nine parameters: age, gender, ASA score, dyspnea score, performance status classification, diagnostic group, urgency of surgery, surgical procedure and number of comorbidities. Because predictive value of Thoracoscore did not correspond to the actual results, regression analysis was used to evaluate the significance of three new risk factors: forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), reoperation, and surgical approach (thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopy &ndash; VATS). After univariate analysis confirmed that these three factors are independent predictors of operative risk, the original Thoracoscore model was recalibrated. With the use of multivariate analysis by logistic regression, new beta coefficients were calculated for the original nine parameters, as well as for the new three, and consequently a local model for surgical risk assessment that is adapted to our population was created. Average age of patients was 62 &plusmn; 7.52 years. Most of the patients were males (60.7%). Lobectomies constituted the largest number (61.4%) of performed surgeries. The most common indications for surgery were malignant causes (90.3%). Most frequently, patients had 1-2 comorbidities (64.3%). Mean operative risk based on Thoracoscore (4.7%) was greater than the actual intrahospital mortality (2.9%) (p&lt;0.01). This model had adequate results only in the low risk group of patients. Predicted mortality by the local model was not statistically different from the actual mortality (p = NS). Thoracoscore had good discriminative ability, but inadequate calibration. Because of this, Thoracoscore model can be used for risk stratification, but not for mortality prediction. On the other hand, local model showed good discrimination and calibration in our population. Therefore, an internal model for risk assessment would be of great use in everyday clinical practice because it would reflect the real state of the population in which it was developed, predicting the risk more precisely.</p>

Insomni och depression är psykiatriska åkommor som idag drabbar många människor. Forskning har visat att det råder en stor samsjuklighet mellan diagnoserna där många drabbade lider av samtidig insomni och depression vilket utgör en stor belastning för den enskilde individen. Patienter rapporterar ofta en negativ påverkan på kognitiva funktioner, bland annat minnessvårigheter och problem med koncentration och uppmärksamhet. Inom forskningen råder det i dagsläget en osäkerhet kring vilka kognitiva nedsättningar som karakteriserar personer med dessa diagnoser och på vilka sätt de skiljer sig åt. Det finns också ett behov av att undersöka vilken roll kognitiv förmåga spelar för människors möjlighet att tillgodogöra sig psykologisk behandling. I föreliggande studie var syftet att undersöka dessa båda områden. Resultaten visade inte på några signifikanta skillnader mellan personer med insomni, personer med depression och personer med det komorbida tillståndet avseende kognitiva funktioner, när det mättes genom test av uppmärksamhet, arbetsminne och exekutiva funktioner. Däremot framkom vissa samband mellan arbetsminne och förbättring av upplevda sömnbesvär, liksom mellan förmåga till bibehållen uppmärksamhet och förbättring av depressionssymtom. Vidare forskning med större och jämnare urvalsgrupper behövs för att undersöka stabiliteten i dessa fynd.

Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties principales, ayant toutes trait à la régulation des émotions ou à l'efficacité des interventions issues de la troisième vague des thérapies cognitives comportementales, en particulier chez les personnes ayant des symptômes psychotiques. La thèse est composée d'un chapitre de livre rédigé en francais, de quatre articles rédigés en anglais (introduction, deux méta-analyses et une étude pilote) et d’une discussion générale rédigée en anglais. L'introduction, déjà publiée sous le format d’un chapitre de livre (et d’un article) constitue un examen exhaustif de la littérature portant sur la régulation des émotions dans la schizophrénie et dans les autres troubles psychotiques. Les individus présentant une schizophrénie présentent des dérégulations, indépendantes l’une de l’autre, dans les trois domaines distincts suivants: l’expression des émotions, le traitement des emotions, et l’expérience émotionnelle. Cette première partie de la thèse recommande fortement l'intégration des stratégies de régulation des émotions, notamment celles de la troisième vague des thérapies cognitives comportementales telles que la pleine conscience, l'acceptation et la compassion, dans le traitement des personnes souffrant de psychose. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, deux méta-analyses examinant l'efficacité des stratégies de la troisième vague des traitements cognitifs comportementaux dans la régulation des émotions sont présentées. La première méta-analyse vise à examiner l'efficacité de la thérapie basée sur la pleine conscience pour tous les troubles psychologiques ainsi que pour les conditions médicales. La deuxième méta-analyse porte plus spécifiquement sur l'efficacité des stratégies de la troisième vague pour la psychose. Les résultats des deux méta-analyses démontrent des tailles d'effet entre modérées et larges, avec un effet plus marqué sur les symptômes affectifs, notamment l'anxiété, la dépression et la détresse. En outre, les stratégies étudiées (la pleine conscience, l'acceptation et la compassion) sont des fortes modératrices positives de l'efficacité des traitements. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces stratégies sont efficaces dans la régulation des émotions, du moins lorsqu'elles sont mesurées au sein de grands bassins de participants, y compris les personnes souffrant de psychose. La troisième partie de la thèse implique le développement et la validation préliminaire d'une nouvelle intervention de groupe pour des individus en début de psychose à l'aide d'une combinaison de stratégies d'acceptation, de compassion et de la pleine conscience. Douze individus ont participé à cette étude pilote. Les résultats démontrent la faisabilité et l'acceptabilité du traitement. Des améliorations significatives dans la régulation des émotions et dans les symptômes affectifs sont observées, et sont potentiellement liées à l'intervention. Globalement, la thèse offre un soutien empirique du rôle de la régulation émotionnelle dans le traitement des personnes atteintes de troubles psychotiques. Plus de recherches sont nécessaires pour valider l'efficacité du nouveau traitement. / This thesis is divided into three main parts, all pertaining to emotional regulation or to the efficacy of third wave cognitive behavioral treatments particularly in individuals having experienced psychotic symptoms. The thesis consists of one book chapter published in French, four articles published in English (i.e., introduction, deux meta-analyses and a clinical pilot study), and a general discussion. The introduction already published as an article (and as book chapter) involves a comprehensive review of the literature on emotion regulation in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Individuals with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders tend to show emotional dysregulations at the experiential, expressive, and processing levels. This first part strongly recommends integrating emotion regulation strategies, namely third wave cognitive behavioral strategies such as mindfulness, acceptance and compassion in the treatment of individuals with psychosis. In the second part of the thesis, two meta-analyses reviewing the effectiveness of these third wave cognitive behavioral strategies in regulating emotions are presented. The first investigates the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy across all psychological disorders and medical conditions. The second meta-analysis focuses more specifically on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for psychosis. The results from both meta-analyses show moderate to large effect sizes, with higher ones for affective symptoms, especially anxiety, depression and distress. Furthermore, the investigated strategies (i.e., mindfulness, acceptance and compassion) are strong positive moderators of the treatments’ effectiveness. These results suggest that these strategies are effective in regulating emotions, at least when measured in large pools of participants, including individuals with psychosis. The third part of the thesis involves the development and preliminary validation of a new group intervention for early psychosis using a combination of acceptance, compassion and mindfulness. Twelve individuals participated in this pilot study. Results indicated the feasibility and acceptability of the treatment, with improvements in emotion regulation and affective symptoms observed, and potentially linked to the intervention. The thesis overall empirically supports the important role of emotional regulation in treating individuals with psychosis. More research is warranted pertaining to the effectiveness of the new developed treatment.

L’expérience de douleur et la réponse à son traitement sont teintées par les facteurs psychologiques, parmi lesquels figurent les attentes. Cette thèse propose de raffiner la compréhension de l’effet des attentes sur la régulation de la douleur par l’entremise de deux études quantitatives. D'abord, une étude expérimentale explore l'impact des attentes sur l'analgésie induite par contre-stimulation. Des volontaires sains ont été assignés à une condition contrôle ou à l’un des trois groupes au sein desquels les attentes étaient évaluées (attentes a priori) ou manipulées par l’entremise de suggestions (hyperalgésie ou analgésie). La douleur, l’anxiété et le réflexe nociceptif de flexion en réponse à des stimulations électriques ont été mesurés avant, pendant et après l’application d’un sac de glace. Les résultats suggèrent que les attentes a priori prédisent l’amplitude de l’analgésie, tandis que les attentes suggérées parviennent à potentialiser ou à bloquer les mécanismes endogènes d'inhibition de la douleur déclenchés par la contre-stimulation, indépendamment du niveau d’anxiété. Ensuite, une étude clinique se penche sur l'apport des attentes aux issues thérapeutiques de patients traités en centres multidisciplinaires de gestion de la douleur chronique. Préalablement au traitement, les attentes des patients quant aux résultats anticipés après six mois de traitement ont été évaluées. Les changements dans l’intensité douloureuse, les symptômes dépressifs, l’interférence de la douleur et la dramatisation face à la douleur, ainsi que l’impression de changement et la satisfaction face au traitement ont été évalués au suivi de six mois. Les résultats d'analyses de modélisation par équations structurelles appuient la relation prédictive entre les attentes et les issues thérapeutiques et soulignent l’impression de changement du patient comme variable médiatrice de cette association. En plus de se montrer supérieur à un modèle alternatif, ce modèle s'est avéré pertinent à travers différents sous-groupes. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse contribue à démontrer le rôle déterminant des attentes dans le contexte de la douleur, tant au niveau physiologique que thérapeutique. Les conclusions qui se dégagent de cet ouvrage entraînent des retombées non négligeables et réitèrent la nécessité de considérer la perspective du patient afin d'optimiser les soins destinés au soulagement de la douleur. / The experience of pain and response to pain treatments are influenced by psychological factors, such as expectations. This doctoral dissertation aims at refining the comprehension of the impact of expectations on pain regulation through two quantitative studies. First, an experimental study examined the impact of expectations on analgesia induced by heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation. Healthy volunteers were assigned to a control group or one of three experimental groups in which expectations were either assessed (a priori expectations) or manipulated using suggestions (hyperalgesia or analgesia). Acute shock-pain, shock-related anxiety and the nociceptive flexion reflex were measured in response to electrical stimulations before, during and after the application of a tonic cold pain. Results suggest that a priori expectations predict the magnitude of analgesia, while manipulated expectations either enhance or block counter-stimulation analgesia, independently of anxiety processes. Subsequently, a clinical study examined the association between expectations and clinical outcomes of chronic pain patients treated in multidisciplinary pain centers. Prior to their initial visit, patients' expected treatment outcomes were assessed. Six months after their initial visit, changes in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, pain interference and pain catastrophizing, along with satisfaction with treatment and impression of change were measured. Structural equations modeling analyses support the predictive association between expectations and all clinical outcomes as well as the mediating effect of patient’s impression of change. In addition to being superior to an alternative model, the proposed model was shown to be relevant across subgroups. Overall, this thesis contributes to the demonstration of the determinant role of expectations on physiological and therapeutic processes in the context of pain regulation. These findings reiterate the need to consider the patient's perspective and offer a valuable avenue towards the optimization of treatments intended at relieving pain.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected TB patients, and identify factors associated with these outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used. Patient level secondary data was collected and analysed for the study. A total of 575 TB patients, including 360 non-HIV infected, 169 HIV co-infected and 46 without a documented HIV status, were enrolled. The overall treatment success rate was 91.5%, and HIV co-infected TB patients had a high rate (11.8%) of unfavourable outcomes. The cure rate was significantly lower (10.1% versus 24.2%) and the death rate higher in HIV co-infected patients (8.3% versus 2.5%). Age and TB classification were significantly associated with treatment outcome. No association was found with starting ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment or enrolment in HIV care, but 22% of HIV co-infected TB patients were taking ART when they developed TB disease / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

A cirurgia ainda é o principal método de tratamento do câncer do reto. Recentemente a quimio e radioterapia neo-adjuvantes têm sido preconizadas, com freqüência cada vez maior, com o intuito de reduzir os índices de recidiva e mortalidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, retrospectivamente a sobrevida e a recidiva tumoral de pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia adjuvante, com e sem quimio e radioterapia neoadjuvantes. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 36 pacientes submetidos a ressecção anterior baixa por adenocarcinoma do reto. Subdivididos em três grupos: grupo I (N=11), submetidos exclusivamente a tratamento cirúrgico; grupo II (N=8), submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, seguido de quimioterapia adjuvante; grupo III (N=17), submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com quimio e radioterapia neo-adjuvantes. O período de seguimento foi de 36 meses. Seis pacientes (16,6%) apresentaram recidiva, sendo 1 paciente do grupo I, 3 pacientes do grupo II e 2 pacientes do grupo III. A sobrevida global foi de 88,9%, assim distribuída: grupo I, 80,0%; grupo II, 100,0% e grupo III, 87,5%. Não houve diferença significante nos índices de recidiva nem na sobrevida entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que na amostra estudada os métodos terapêuticos tiveram resposta equivalente, não tendo sido possível demonstrar a interferência da quimio e ou radioterapia nos índices de sobrevida ou recidiva / Surgery continues to be the principal method for treating cancer of the rectum. Recently, chemo and neo-adjuvant radiotherapy have been considered, with increasing frequency, with the intention of reducing the rates of recurrence and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, survival and tumor recurrence in patients submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy, with and without neo-adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. A retrospective evaluation of 36 patients submitted to lower anterior resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum was conducted, subdivided into three groups: Group I (n=11), submitted exclusively to surgical treatment; Group II (n=8), submitted to surgical treatment followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; Group III (n=17), submitted to surgical treatment with chemo and neo-adjuvant radiotherapy. The time period was 36 months. Six patients (16.6%) presented recurrence: 1 patient from Group I, 3 patients from Group II and 2 patients from Group III. Overall survival was 88.9%, distributed in the following way: Group I, 80.0%; Group II, 100.0% and Group III, 87.5%. No significant differences in the rates of recurrence and survival were observed between the groups. It is therefore concluded that within the sample the therapeutic methods had similar response, not having been possible to demonstrate the interference of chemo and radiotherapy in the rates of survival or recurrence

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T10:38:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Adriana do Prado Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 900945 bytes, checksum: c7a5ed7dcaeb54e2967829169a9de269 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:18:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Adriana do Prado Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 900945 bytes, checksum: c7a5ed7dcaeb54e2967829169a9de269 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Adriana do Prado Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 900945 bytes, checksum: c7a5ed7dcaeb54e2967829169a9de269 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has changed dramatically with the advent of imatinib mesylate (IM). Besides the convenience of oral use, other benefits were achieved with the new drug, with faster therapeutic responses and increased survival, giving the CML similar characteristics as chronic diseases. In this scenario, there was another challenge, drug compliance, since a significant proportion of patients fail to ingest all the prescribed doses of imatinib. The concern was to optimize the adherence of CML patients, the hematology ambulatory at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Goias (HC-UFG), led the authoress to create a film cartoon, as a pro-adhesion educational intervention model. To investigate the effectiveness of this new educational material, we used in 65 patients three adherence measures, two indirect (Morisky Test and Molecular Response [MR]) and direct (plasma dosage of IM), before and after the screening of film. In univariate analysis, from the Morisky Test, the film was striking, with increased adherent patients, which increased from 15 (23.1%) to 43 (66.1%). The results of MR showed an improvement trend after the movie, because the positive molecular response (major MR or complete MR) increased from 81.5% to 86.1%. Regarding the serum levels of IM, with daily doses of 400-800 mg IM, the premovie samples showed higher average than the post-movie (2473.16 ± 1049.55 ng/ml versus 1414.72 ± 715 73 ng/ml), with a variation coefficients interpatients of 43.4% and 50.6%, respectively. This high dispersion index found has been reported by other authors. By multivariate analysis, patients were divided into three groups. The first brought together compliant patients before and after the film with a good therapeutic response (major MR) after the intervention. It was: patients over 53 years old, females, with associated diseases before and after the treatment of CML that use more than two drugs in addition to imatinib. The second group was marked by the change of not adherence pre to adherence post-film. Its features were younger than or equal to 53, the absence of other disease before the CML, the use of less than two drugs and complete molecular response after the film. In the third group, we observed patients without molecular response before and after the educational intervention and no medication adherence after the film. They had in common their age (less than or equal to 53 years), and drug discontinuation due to adverse reactions. The last represents the set of patients resistant to the educational film, drawing attention to the fact that only one pro-adhesion method may be insufficient for all individuals. It is concluded that medication adherence was higher among patients older than 53 years, the educational film is an effective proadhesion assistance and continuing education, if combined with another method, it could help maintain or enhance the benefits achieved in this work. / O tratamento da leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) mudou radicalmente com o advento do mesilato de imatinibe (MI). Além da comodidade do uso oral, outros benefícios foram alcançados com o novo fármaco, como respostas terapêuticas mais rápidas e aumento da sobrevida, dando `a LMC características semelhantes `as de doenças crônicas. Neste cenário, surgiu outro desafio, a adesão medicamentosa, pois uma proporção significativa de pacientes deixa de ingerir a dose prescrita de imatinibe. A preocupação em otimizar a adesão dos pacientes com LMC, do Ambulatório de Hematologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HC-UFG), motivou a autora a criar um filme em desenho animado, como modelo de intervenção educativa pró-adesão. Para investigar a eficácia deste novo material educativo, empregou-se, em 65 pacientes, três medidas de adesão, duas indiretas (Teste de Morisky e Resposta Molecular [RM]) e uma direta (dosagem plasmática do MI), antes e depois da exibição do filme. Em análise univariada, pelo teste de Morisky, o filme foi impactante, com aumento dos pacientes aderentes, que passaram de 15 (23,1%) para 43 (66,1%). Os resultados da RM indicaram uma tendência de melhora após o filme, pois a resposta molecular positiva (RM maior ou RM completa) passou de 81,5% para 86,1%. Em relação `a dosagem sérica do MI, com doses diárias entre 400-800 mg de MI, as amostras pré-filme apresentaram média superior `as do pósfilme (2.473,16 ± 1.049,55 ng/ml versus 1.414,72 ± 715,73 ng/ml), com coeficientes de variação interpaciente de 43,4% e 50,6%, respectivamente. Este elevado índice de dispersão encontrado tem sido relatado por outros autores. Pela análise multivariada, os pacientes foram separados em três grupos. O primeiro, reuniu os pacientes aderentes antes e após o filme e com boa resposta terapêutica (RM maior) após a intervenção. Foram eles: os doentes com mais de 53 anos, do gênero feminino, com doenças associadas antes e após o tratamento da LMC e que usam mais de dois medicamentos além do imatinibe. O segundo grupo foi marcado pela mudança de não adesão pré para adesão pós-filme. Suas características foram idade menor ou igual a 53, ausência de outra doença antes da LMC, uso de menos de dois medicamentos e resposta molecular completa pós-filme. No terceiro grupo, observou-se pacientes sem resposta molecular antes e depois da intervenção educativa, bem como não adesão medicamentosa após o filme. Eles tinham em comum a idade, menor ou igual a 53 anos, e suspensão do medicamento por reação adversa. Estes últimos representam o conjunto de pacientes resistentes ao filme educacional, chamando atenção para o fato de que somente um método pró-adesão pode ser insuficiente para todos os indivíduos. Conclui-se que a adesão medicamentosa foi maior entre os pacientes maiores de 53 anos, que o filme educativo é uma intervenção pró-adesão eficaz e que a educação continuada, aliada a outro método, poderia ajudar a manter ou ampliar os benefícios conquistados neste trabalho.

No Brasil a principal causa de hipertensão portal é a esquistossomose mansônica na sua forma hepato-esplênica, classificada como pré-sinusoidal. Esta doença adquire grande importância epidemiológica, por acometer indivíduos jovens, com função hepática preservada, e por atingir uma grande parcela da população (cerca de 1 milhão de indivíduos). Destes, cerca de 12 a 52% irão apresentar hemorragia digestiva por ruptura de varizes de esôfago. Não existe até o momento nenhum tratamento que se estabeleça como de consenso para esta enfermidade, porém há uma preferência dos autores para o tratamento cirúrgico e, no Brasil, esta recai sobre a desconexão ázigo-portal e esplenectomia geralmente associada a escleroterapia endoscópica das varizes no pós-operatório. Não estão bem estabelecidas as alterações hemodinâmicas portais decorrentes do tratamento cirúrgico da hipertensão portal e sua influência no resultado deste tratamento. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto imediato da desconexão ázigo-portal e esplenectomia (DAPE) na pressão portal e os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da hipertensão portal no que se refere à recidiva hemorrágica e ao calibre das varizes de esôfago, foram estudados 19 pacientes portadores de esquistossomose hepato-esplênica e hipertensão portal com história de hemorragia digestiva alta por ruptura de varizes esofágicas, com idade média de 37,9 anos. Durante a cirurgia foi avaliada a pressão portal, no início e no final do procedimento através da cateterização da veia porta por cateter de polietileno introduzido por veia jejunal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à endoscopia no pré e pós-operatório para avaliar a variação do calibre das varizes esofágicas. Os pacientes foram acompanhados ambulatorialmente e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 26 meses. Como resultado obteve-se uma queda na pressão portal média de 31,3% após a DAPE (p=0,0001). No acompanhamento pós-operatório houve redução significativa do calibre das varizes esofágicas quando comparadas com a avaliação pré-operatória (p < 0,05). Apenas um paciente (8,3%) apresentou, durante o acompanhamento, recidiva hemorrágica porém, esta foi decorrente de úlcera gástrica e não de varizes esofágicas. Por fim chegou-se à conclusão de que a desconexão ázigo-portal e esplenectomia promoveu queda imediata na pressão portal, com conseqüente diminuição do calibre das varizes esofágicas, tendo sido eficaz no tratamento da hipertensão portal destes pacientes / The main cause of portal hypertension in Brazil is the hepato-splenic form of mansonic schistosomiasis, which is classified as pre-sinusoidal. It acquires major epidemiological importance because it occurs in young individuals and affects a huge parcel of the population (around 1 million people), 12 to 52% of whom will present digestive hemorrhage due to rupture of esophageal varices. There is no consensus treatment for this disease up to the moment, but there is a predilection for the surgical approach. In Brazil, the most employed technique is the esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy (EGDS), generally associated to late postoperative endoscopical sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices. The hemodynamic alterations in the portal flow resulting from the surgery and their possible influences on the outcome are not well established. With the aim of evaluating the immediate impact of the EGDS upon the portal pressure as well as the results of the surgical treatment on the digestive hemorrhage recurrence and the caliber of the esophageal varices, 19 patients (11males, aged between 18 and 61 years) with hepato-splenic schistosomiasis, presenting portal hypertension and previous episodes of digestive hemorrhage were studied. None of the patients had received any treatment prior to the surgery. The portal pressure was assessed at the beginning and the end of the EGDS through catheterization of the portal vein with a polyethylene catheter introduced through a branch of a jejunal vein. All the patients were submitted to digestive endoscopy before and after the surgery (2 months), in order to classify the caliber of the esophageal varices according to Palmer\'s classification. They also entered the continuous program of endoscopical evaluation and sclerotherapy. The mean clinical follow up period was 26 months. Our results showed that the portal pressure had diminished in all the patients, with a mean decrease of 31.3% after the EGDS. In the postoperative follow up (1 month), the esophageal varices showed a statistically significant reduction in their calibers, when compared to the pre-surgical measurements (p=0.004). Only one patient presented digestive hemorrhage during the follow up period, but it was due to gastric ulcer and not to rupture of esophageal varices. These results have demonstrated that the EGDS promotes an immediate decrease in the portal pressure and a reduction in the caliber of the esophageal varices, thus contributing to the good results of this technique. With the association of EGDS and sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices, no hemorrhagic episodes were observed in this series, during the study