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Análise da morfologia e da vascularização do aparelho valvar das valvas mitral e tricúspide do homem: analogia com o coração canino / Morphology and vascularization of the human valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valves: analogy with canine heartMagali Gaspar Lourenço 13 March 2009 (has links)
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a morfologia e vascularização do aparelho valvar das valvas mitral e tricúspide em corações humanos, comparando os resultados com aqueles obtidos em cães. A estereologia foi usada como ferramenta que permitiu avaliar os volumes entre as cúspides valvares, cordas tendíneas e mm. papilares, para o conhecimento das relações anatômicas desta estrutura. Foram analisados 15 corações humanos (10 homens e cinco mulheres, com idades variando de 9 a 77 anos) e 15 corações caninos (Canis familiaris - SRD 10 machos e cinco fêmeas, adultos). Os corações, sem alterações macroscópicas, foram dissecados, pesados e seu volume aferido com vistas a análise da morfologia. O estudo da irrigação e drenagem foi realizado por meio de moldes vasculares, em 10 corações de cada espécime. Fundamentados nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as estruturas do aparelho valvar do coração canino e humano apresentam semelhanças tanto morfológicas como em relação a vascularização. / In this study we performed a comparative analysis of the morphology and vascularization of the valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valve of the human and canine heart. The volumes of the heart and valvar structures (valvar cuspids, chordae tendineae and papillary muscle) were investigated using stereological method. Fifteen human (10 men and 5 women) and 15 canine (mongrel dogs, 10 males and 5 females) hearts of different ages were studied. Ten hearts of each specimen were perfused with vascular cast material to assess and describe the vascularization. Our findings indicate that human and canine valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valves and its vascularization are similar.
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Análise da morfologia e da vascularização do aparelho valvar das valvas mitral e tricúspide do homem: analogia com o coração canino / Morphology and vascularization of the human valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valves: analogy with canine heartLourenço, Magali Gaspar 13 March 2009 (has links)
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a morfologia e vascularização do aparelho valvar das valvas mitral e tricúspide em corações humanos, comparando os resultados com aqueles obtidos em cães. A estereologia foi usada como ferramenta que permitiu avaliar os volumes entre as cúspides valvares, cordas tendíneas e mm. papilares, para o conhecimento das relações anatômicas desta estrutura. Foram analisados 15 corações humanos (10 homens e cinco mulheres, com idades variando de 9 a 77 anos) e 15 corações caninos (Canis familiaris - SRD 10 machos e cinco fêmeas, adultos). Os corações, sem alterações macroscópicas, foram dissecados, pesados e seu volume aferido com vistas a análise da morfologia. O estudo da irrigação e drenagem foi realizado por meio de moldes vasculares, em 10 corações de cada espécime. Fundamentados nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as estruturas do aparelho valvar do coração canino e humano apresentam semelhanças tanto morfológicas como em relação a vascularização. / In this study we performed a comparative analysis of the morphology and vascularization of the valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valve of the human and canine heart. The volumes of the heart and valvar structures (valvar cuspids, chordae tendineae and papillary muscle) were investigated using stereological method. Fifteen human (10 men and 5 women) and 15 canine (mongrel dogs, 10 males and 5 females) hearts of different ages were studied. Ten hearts of each specimen were perfused with vascular cast material to assess and describe the vascularization. Our findings indicate that human and canine valvar apparatus of the mitral and tricuspid valves and its vascularization are similar.
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12-Month outcomes of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair with the PASCAL system for severe tricuspid regurgitationKitamura, Mitsunobu, Fam, Neil P., Braun, Daniel, Ruf, Tobias, Sugiura, Atsushi, Narang, Akhil, Connelly, Kim A., Ho, Edwin, Nabauer, Michael, Hausleiter, Jörg, Weber, Marcel, Nickenig, Georg, Davidson, Charles J., Thiele, Holger, von Bardeleben, Ralf Stephan, Lurz, Philipp 05 June 2023 (has links)
Objectives
We investigated the durability of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) reduction and the clinical outcomes through 12 months after transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr) with the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System.
Background
TTVr has rapidly developed and demonstrated favorable acute outcomes, but longer follow-up data are needed.
Methods
Overall, 30 patients (age 77 ± 6 years; 57% female) received PASCAL implantation from September 2017 to May 2019 and completed a clinical follow-up at 12 months.
Results
The TR etiology was functional in 25 patients (83%), degenerative in three (10%), and mixed in two (7%). All patients had TR severe or greater (massive or torrential in 80%) and heart failure symptoms (90% in NYHA III or IV) under optimal medical treatment. Single-leaflet device attachment occurred in two patients. Moderate or less TR was achieved in 23/28 patients (82%) at 30 days, which was sustained at 12 months (86%). Two patients underwent repeat TTVr due to residual torrential TR (day 173) and recurrence of severe TR (day 280), respectively.
One-year survival rate was 93%; 6 patients required rehospitalization due to acute heart failure. NYHA functional class I or II was achieved in 90% and 6-minute walk distance improved from 275 ± 122 m at baseline to 347 ± 112 m at 12-month (+72 ± 82 m, p < .01). There was no stroke, endocarditis, or device embolization during the follow-up.
Conclusions
Twelve-month outcomes from this multicenter compassionate use experience with the PASCAL System demonstrated high procedural success, acceptable safety, and significant clinical improvement.
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Comparison of congenital cardiac surgery techniques through the development of national and international cohortsDeshaies, Catherine 11 1900 (has links)
Plusieurs avancées exceptionnelles ont permis à un nombre grandissant d’enfants avec pathologies cardiaques complexes d’atteindre l’âge adulte. Ainsi, plus de patients développent maintenant des complications en lien avec leur maladie ou leurs antécédents chirurgicaux. Malheureusement, en raison de nombreux obstacles limitant la recherche en cardiopathie congénitale adulte, un écart de savoir perdure et freine l’optimisation des soins. En attendant le couplage de grands registres pédiatriques et adultes facilitant l’accès aux données existantes, les projets multicentriques indépendants demeurent essentiels. Cette thèse présente deux études multicentriques de cohorte comparant des techniques opératoires couramment utilisées dans le traitement de pathologies congénitales cardiaques complexes dans le but de promouvoir la santé des patients à long terme.
La première étude visait à évaluer l’impact chronique du type de procédure de Fontan sur le risque thromboembolique. Pour ce projet nord-américain, 522 patients avec connexion atriopulmonaire (21.4%), tunnel latéral (41.8%) ou conduit extracardiaque (36.8%) ont été recrutés. À l’aide d’analyses multivariées contrôlant pour la décennie opératoire et les effets variables dans le temps de l’arythmie et de la thromboprophylaxie, l’étude a conclu à un plus faible risque de complications thromboemboliques systémiques (rapport des risques instantanés [RRI] : 0.20 ; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95% : 0.04-0.97) et combinées (RRI : 0.34 ; IC à 95% : 0.13-0.91) avec le conduit extracardiaque. Ces résultats remettent en question la croyance populaire selon laquelle cette technique serait plus thrombogène en raison d’un grand contact avec du matériel synthétique et d’un débit limité par le calibre fixe du greffon.
La deuxième étude avait pour but d’investiguer, auprès de patients avec tétralogie de Fallot ou sténose pulmonaire corrigée nécessitant une implantation de valve pulmonaire, l’efficacité immédiate et l’innocuité d’une intervention concomitante sur la valve tricuspide. Pour ce projet pancanadien, 542 patients ayant subi un remplacement isolé de la valve pulmonaire (66.8%) ou une chirurgie combinée des valves pulmonaire et tricuspide (33.2%) ont été enrôlés. À l’aide d’analyses multivariées, cette étude a révélé que la chirurgie combinée était associée à une plus grande réduction du grade de régurgitation tricuspidienne qu’un remplacement isolé de la valve pulmonaire (rapport de cotes [RC] : 0.44 ; IC à 95% : 0.25-0.77) sans une augmentation des complications périopératoires (RC : 0.85 ; IC à 95% : 0.46-1.57) ou du temps d’hospitalisation (ratio du taux d’incidence : 1.17 ; IC à 95% : 0.93-1.46). Ces résultats questionnent la pertinence d’une gestion conservatrice de l’insuffisance tricuspide sévère. De plus, ils confirment qu’une procédure ciblée peut améliorer de façon sécuritaire la fuite modérée au-delà de l’effet produit par la décharge du ventricule – une stratégie potentiellement avantageuse auprès de jeunes patients déjà à haut risque de défaillance cardiaque droite.
En conclusion, avec une puissance statistique plus élevée que les études précédemment publiées, ces travaux ont permis une comparaison valide et pertinente de techniques opératoires couramment utilisées en chirurgie cardiaque congénitale, ce qui influencera possiblement la pratique. Ultimement, cette thèse souligne l’importance de promouvoir la collaboration afin de répondre aux besoins émergents des patients avec pathologies congénitales cardiaques complexes. / Outstanding technical advances have made possible for a growing number of infants with complex heart disease to survive into adulthood. Consequently, more patients are now living long enough to experience late complications related to their underlying pathology or sequelae from past interventions. However, due to the inherent challenges of carrying research in adult congenital heart disease, important knowledge gaps prevent further optimization of care. Waiting on broad linkage of pediatric and adult databases to facilitate access to data, stand-alone multicenter research initiatives remain essential. The current body of work presents two multicenter cohort studies which were designed to help improving the long-term health of patients with complex heart disease through a comparison of common operative techniques.
The first study sought to evaluate the chronic impact of Fontan surgery type on the thromboembolic risk. This North American cohort enrolled 522 patients with univentricular palliation consisting of an atriopulmonary connection (21.4%), lateral tunnel (41.8%) or extracardiac conduit (36.8%). In multivariable analyses stratified by surgical decade and controlling for the time-varying effects of atrial arrhythmias and thromboprophylaxis, extracardiac conduits were independently associated with a lower risk of systemic (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.20 vs. lateral tunnel; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.97) and combined (HR: 0.34 vs. lateral tunnel; 95% CI: 0.13-0.91) thromboembolic events. These results cast doubt on the widely held notion that extracardiac conduits are potentially more thrombogenic than lateral tunnels by virtue of greater exposure to synthetic material and relative flow restriction through a fixed pathway.
The second study investigated, in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot or equivalent disease undergoing a first pulmonary valve implant, the early effectiveness and safety of concomitant tricuspid valve intervention. This pan-Canadian cohort included 542 patients who underwent isolated pulmonary valve replacement (66.8%) or combined pulmonary and tricuspid valve surgery (33.2%). In multivariable analyses, combined surgery was associated with a greater reduction in tricuspid regurgitation grade than isolated pulmonary valve replacement (odds ratio [OR]: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.77) without an increase in early adverse events (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.46-1.57) or hospitalization time (incidence rate ratio: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.93-1.46). These results strongly question the appropriateness of conservative management of severe tricuspid regurgitation at the time of pulmonary reintervention. Furthermore, they confirm that concomitant tricuspid valve intervention can safely improve moderate insufficiency beyond the effect of right ventricular offloading – a strategy likely worthwhile to adopt in a population of young adults already at high risk of right heart failure.
In conclusion, with higher statistical power than previously published studies, the presented body of work allowed for a valid comparison of common surgical techniques used in congenital cardiac care, which will likely impact current practices. Ultimately, this thesis underlines the importance of fostering collaboration in order to meet the emerging health needs of patients with complex heart disease.
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Identification de substrats arythmogènes et des mécanismes de décompensation dans une population de tétralogie de Fallot à l’âge adulte et perspectives de prise en charge ultérieure / Adult with a repaired tetralogy of Fallot, to assess mechanism of arrhythmia onset and ventricular failure in this population : future potential treatmentRoubertie, François 21 December 2015 (has links)
Le nombre d’adultes porteurs d’une tétralogie de Fallot opérée dans l’enfance est en constante augmentation. Initialement, ces patients étaient considérés comme guéris. A l’âge adulte, ils présentent en fait des complications d’ordre rythmique, responsables de morts subites, et des complications d’ordre mécanique : dilatation du ventricule droit (VD) liée à l’insuffisance pulmonaire chronique, séquellaire de la première chirurgie de réparation de la cardiopathie. Les mécanismes de l’arythmie ainsi qu’une éventuelle interaction entre la dysfonction VD et la survenue de ces arythmies ne restent que partiellement élucidés. Dans ce travail, en couplant les données d’études cliniques et les données expérimentales issues d’un modèle animal (MA) mimant une tétralogie de Fallot réparée, nous avons montré que 1) l’échocardiographie ne pouvait pas se substituer à l’IRM pour la surveillance des patients avec tétralogie de Fallot réparée 2) la valvulation pulmonaire restait une intervention à risque de mortalité 3) une bioprothèse non stentée était une bonne solution pour effectuer cette valvulation 4) en cas de fuite tricuspidienne sévère lors de cette valvulation, une plastie était indispensable 5) plusieurs gènes participaient au remodelage ventriculaire droit (analyse génétique effectuée sur le MA) 6) le remodelage électrophysiologique du VD (MA) s’accompagnait de propriétés pro-arythmogènes. Les mécanismes de décompensation sont intriqués : un lien entre dysfonction VD et arythmie paraît bien établi. D’autres analyses électrophysiologiques sont en cours au niveau du ventricule gauche (MA), pour rechercher d’autres mécanismes pro-arythmogènes. / The number of adults with a repaired tetralogy of Fallot is increasing. In the past, those patients were considered healed. Nonetheless, they present arrhythmogenic issues, with frequent sudden death, and mechanical complications: right ventricular dilation due to long lasting pulmonary valve regurgitation, secondary to surgical repair. The origin of arrhythmia and its interaction with right ventricular dysfunction is only partially understood. In this study, combining clinical with experimental data, we pointed out: 1) concerning the follow-up of this population, echocardiography is not a substitute to MRI 2) operative mortality of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) still exists 3) a stentless bioprosthesis represents a valid solution for PVR 4) a valve repair is mandatory for severe tricuspid valve regurgitation at PVR 5) the genetic analysis carried out in an animal model of repaired tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrated the involvement of numerous genes in right ventricular remodeling 6) remodeling of the right ventricle in this animal model generates pro-arrhythmic substrate. Heart failure mechanisms in repaired tetralogy of Fallot are complex: a link between right ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias is demonstrated. Further studies are needed to investigate other pro-arrhythmic mechanisms involving the left ventricle.
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A Multiscale Framework to Analyze Tricuspid Valve BiomechanicsTHOMAS, VINEET SUNNY January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Biomechanical Characterization and Simulation of the Tricuspid ValveAmini Khoiy, Keyvan 02 April 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Étude de cohorte rétrospective analytique et descriptive des résultats échocardiographiques et cliniques de la chirurgie valvulaire tricuspidienneMarquis Gravel, Guillaume 10 1900 (has links)
Résumé - Les données concernant la prise en charge chirurgicale de la maladie tricuspidienne reposent sur des études de cohortes à petite échelle et peu d’entre elles se sont intéressées aux résultats échocardiographiques et aux facteurs de risque de mortalité et de morbidité.
Une étude de cohorte rétrospective descriptive et analytique fut effectuée pour analyser l’expérience de l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal concernant la chirurgie de la VT. Les données ont été récoltées à l’aide des dossiers médicaux.
Durant la période 1977-2008, 792 PVT et 134 RVT furent effectués (âge médian : 62 ans). La mortalité opératoire était de 13,8%. Les taux de survie actuarielle à 5, à 10 et à 15 ans étaient respectivement de 67±2%, de 47±2% et de 29±2%. Au dernier suivi, de l’IT ≥3/4 était présente chez 31% des patients du groupe PVT et chez 12% des patients du groupe RVT (p<0,001). La classe fonctionnelle NYHA s’est améliorée significativement au dernier suivi par rapport à la période pré-opératoire (p<0,001). L’analyse de propension montre que par rapport à une PVT, un RVT est associé significativement à des taux de mortalité opératoire et tardive accrus, mais à moins d’IT ≥2/4 ou ≥3/4 lors du suivi.
Cette étude montre que malgré le risque chirurgical substantiel associé à la chirurgie de la VT, les patients bénéficient d’une amélioration fonctionnelle significative. Les facteurs de risque de mortalité et de morbidité sont décrits et des études de sous-groupes sur la chirurgie tri-valvulaire et la chirurgie isolée de la VT sont exposées. / Abstract - Data regarding surgical management of tricuspid valve disease are based on small cohort studies, and only few of them report echocardiographic results or risk factors for mortality and morbidity.
A retrospective descriptive and analytic cohort study was performed in order to analyze the Montreal Heart Institute experience regarding tricuspid valve surgery. Data was extracted from the medical files of patients.
During the 1977-2008 period, 792 tricuspid valve repairs and 134 tricuspid valve replacements were performed (median age of patients: 62 years). Operative mortality was 13.8%. Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 67±2%, 47±2%, and 29±2%, respectively. At last follow-up, 31% of patients who underwent repair and 12% of patients who underwent replacement had tricuspid regurgitation ≥3/4 (p<0,001). NYHA functional class improved significantly at last follow-up compared to baseline (p<0,001). Propensity score analysis showed that a replacement was associated with increased operative and late mortality rates compared to repair, but with less tricuspid regurgitation ≥2/4 or ≥3/4 at follow-up.
The study shows that despite substantial mortality rates, patients experience a significant functional improvement following tricuspid valve surgery. Risk factors for mortality and morbidity are described, and sub-group analyses for triple valve surgery and for isolated tricuspid valve surgery are exposed.
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Étude de cohorte rétrospective analytique et descriptive des résultats échocardiographiques et cliniques de la chirurgie valvulaire tricuspidienneMarquis-Gravel, Guillaume 10 1900 (has links)
Résumé - Les données concernant la prise en charge chirurgicale de la maladie tricuspidienne reposent sur des études de cohortes à petite échelle et peu d’entre elles se sont intéressées aux résultats échocardiographiques et aux facteurs de risque de mortalité et de morbidité.
Une étude de cohorte rétrospective descriptive et analytique fut effectuée pour analyser l’expérience de l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal concernant la chirurgie de la VT. Les données ont été récoltées à l’aide des dossiers médicaux.
Durant la période 1977-2008, 792 PVT et 134 RVT furent effectués (âge médian : 62 ans). La mortalité opératoire était de 13,8%. Les taux de survie actuarielle à 5, à 10 et à 15 ans étaient respectivement de 67±2%, de 47±2% et de 29±2%. Au dernier suivi, de l’IT ≥3/4 était présente chez 31% des patients du groupe PVT et chez 12% des patients du groupe RVT (p<0,001). La classe fonctionnelle NYHA s’est améliorée significativement au dernier suivi par rapport à la période pré-opératoire (p<0,001). L’analyse de propension montre que par rapport à une PVT, un RVT est associé significativement à des taux de mortalité opératoire et tardive accrus, mais à moins d’IT ≥2/4 ou ≥3/4 lors du suivi.
Cette étude montre que malgré le risque chirurgical substantiel associé à la chirurgie de la VT, les patients bénéficient d’une amélioration fonctionnelle significative. Les facteurs de risque de mortalité et de morbidité sont décrits et des études de sous-groupes sur la chirurgie tri-valvulaire et la chirurgie isolée de la VT sont exposées. / Abstract - Data regarding surgical management of tricuspid valve disease are based on small cohort studies, and only few of them report echocardiographic results or risk factors for mortality and morbidity.
A retrospective descriptive and analytic cohort study was performed in order to analyze the Montreal Heart Institute experience regarding tricuspid valve surgery. Data was extracted from the medical files of patients.
During the 1977-2008 period, 792 tricuspid valve repairs and 134 tricuspid valve replacements were performed (median age of patients: 62 years). Operative mortality was 13.8%. Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 67±2%, 47±2%, and 29±2%, respectively. At last follow-up, 31% of patients who underwent repair and 12% of patients who underwent replacement had tricuspid regurgitation ≥3/4 (p<0,001). NYHA functional class improved significantly at last follow-up compared to baseline (p<0,001). Propensity score analysis showed that a replacement was associated with increased operative and late mortality rates compared to repair, but with less tricuspid regurgitation ≥2/4 or ≥3/4 at follow-up.
The study shows that despite substantial mortality rates, patients experience a significant functional improvement following tricuspid valve surgery. Risk factors for mortality and morbidity are described, and sub-group analyses for triple valve surgery and for isolated tricuspid valve surgery are exposed.
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Hand2 function within non-cardiomyocytes regulates cardiac morphogenesis and performanceVanDusen, Nathan J. January 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The heart is a complex organ that is composed of numerous cell types, which must integrate their programs for proper specification, differentiation, and cardiac morphogenesis. During cardiac development the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand2 is dynamically expressed within the endocardium and extra-cardiac lineages such as the epicardium, cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs), and NCC derived components of the autonomic nervous system. To investigate Hand2 function within these populations we utilized multiple murine Hand2 Conditional Knockout (H2CKO) genetic models. These studies establish for the first time a functional requirement for Hand2 within the endocardium, as several distinct phenotypes including hypotrabeculation, tricuspid atresia, aberrant septation, and precocious coronary development are observed in endocardial H2CKOs. Molecular analyses reveal that endocardial Hand2 functions within the Notch signaling pathway to regulate expression of Nrg1, which encodes a crucial secreted growth factor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Notch signaling regulates coronary angiogenesis via Hand2 mediated modulation of Vegf signaling.
Hand2 is strongly expressed within midgestation NCC and endocardium derived cardiac cushion mesenchyme. To ascertain the function of Hand2 within these cells we employed the Periostin Cre (Postn-Cre), which marks cushion mesenchyme, a small subset of the epicardium, and components of the autonomic nervous system, to conditionally ablate Hand2. We find that Postn-Cre H2CKOs die shortly after birth despite a lack of cardiac structural defects. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that Postn-Cre ablates Hand2 from the adrenal medulla, causing downregulation of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (Dbh), a gene encoding a crucial catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzyme. Electrocardiograms demonstrate that 3-day postnatal Postn-Cre H2CKO pups exhibit significantly slower heart rates than control littermates. In conjunction with the aforementioned gene expression analyses, these results indicate that loss of Hand2 function within the adrenal medulla results in a catecholamine deficiency and subsequent heart failure.
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