Detta projekt åskådliggör ett alternativ till hur människan i framtiden skall kunna uppleva den svenska naturen och ta vara på regioner som sakta förfaller och ödeläggs på grund av den rådande urbaniseringen. Projektet har ett övergripande koncept vari tre detaljerade lösningar visar hur det tekniskt kan genomföras.  Genom att ta vara på de befintliga förutsättningarna, regionens infrastruktur, de olika årstiderna i den fantastiska omgivningen, visas ett nytt sätt att turista i naturen

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<p>The country Cambodia has in the last recent years prospered as an international tourist destination and the tourism industry has become more recognised as a major source of income. The international tourist destination has therefore come to occupy an important role for the country’s economic development. Concerning the fact that Cambodia is a Third World country the local community can be extremely vulnerable in relation to the consequences that international tourism can create. The project ChildSafe was formed by the organization Friends International as a consequence of the poor situation for street children.</p><p>This project works to protect children from all sorts of abuse. This project has also developed information for the international tourist to take part of while visiting the country. This information provides guidelines concerning how to act as a responsible tourist. The aim of this study is consequently to investigate how international tourism can influence the social community in Cambodia.</p><p>To limit the research the study will focus on the organization ChildSafe and their work to promote a sustainable social development. It will also focus on the Ministry of Tourism and their work and attitude towards the same issue.</p><p>The result of the study shows that international tourism affects the social community in many ways, both positive and negative. International tourism can contribute to the community and create a sustainable social development if there is support, information, incentives or regulations for the tourists that interests them or controls them in a way that is beneficial for the local community.</p><p>Both ChildSafe and the Ministry of Tourism agree that the main positive consequence of international tourism for the social community is the revenue that the tourism industry can generate. Concerning the negative impacts of tourism the two organizations differ significantly as ChildSafe identifies many negative consequences for the social community. The Ministry of Tourism, on the other hand, believes that the negative impacts of international tourism do not affect the community significantly.</p><p>However, both organizations believe that sustainable tourism can support the local community and create a sustainable social development. It is concluded from the work done by ChildSafe that international tourism can be used to promote the social community, but only if there is support and information for the international tourists when they arrive in the country. Finally, it is concluded that support from the Ministry of Tourism is needed as it is believed that they possess the greatest power of change for the tourist destination Cambodia.</p>

<p>Market capitalism sets the conditions for how the world is conceived, experienced and organized at various spatial scales (global to local). Currently, competitiveness, entrepreneurship and economic growth are key values that shape how the world is conceived, experienced and organized. Discourses of place marketing, place branding, and the construction of places as (economic) products, are part and parcel of the heightened commodification of space. Tourism has been a major factor in the commodification of place and space. More often than not, tourism has been seen as a possibility for peripheral places, in their struggle finding new ways towards development. The essay studies the construction, representation, and marketing of tourist places in a peripheral area of Sweden. The purpose with the paper is to examine how tourism marketing creates ideas and perceptions of the space in the region of Dalsland, and how tourism shapes the material spatial practices, conceptions of space as well as lived spaces in Dalsland. The material for the study comprises of representations of Dalsland in tourist brochures published by the regional tourist organization. Lefebvre’s trailectic model of space forms the basic theoretical and methodological perspective for this study. The empirical analysis is based on visual and semiotic content analysis of representations and marketing of places for the tourism. Four categories of tourism marketing are identified and comprise four different spaces of “The touristified space of Dalsland”. As a touristified space, the region of Dalsland has been constructed as a “nature based experience space”. One implication of which is changed material spatial practices, such places with a “high touristic value” are given priority in infrastructure and other public recourses development plans.</p>

Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet turism och rättvis handel ur en geografisk synvinkel. Utgångspunkten är den ideella organisationen Tourism Concerns kriterier för en rättvis turism, som poängterar researrangörernas uppfostrande roll i marknadsföringen. Enligt detta NGO-perspektiv borde researrangören tillgodose resenären med information som möjliggör ett medvetet val, uppmuntrar resenären till ett mer ansvarsfullt och rättvist beteende väl på destinationen samt en rättvis beskrivning av destinationer i marknadsföringen. De menar att en påläst turist bidrar till ett mer rättvist förhållande mellan turist och lokalbefolkning. Fair Trade – rättvis handel inom turism behandlas i uppsatsen dels som ett medel för en mer rättvis regionalgeografisk beskrivning av platser, dels som en väg till regional utveckling. Uppsatsen syfte är att beskriva och analysera de tre största svenska researrangörerna, Apollo, Fritidsresor och Vingresor, information till resenären gällande ansvarsfullt och rättvist resande, dels genom konkreta råd till resenären, dels i marknadsföringen av destinationer i utvecklingsländer. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen även svenska resenärers inställning till en mer rättvis turism. Uppsatsen beskriver resenärens respektive researrangörens roll för en utveckling av en mer rättvis turism i framtiden. Den empiriska undersökningen baserar sig på analyser av researrangörernas hemsidor och kataloger, en enkätundersökning om svenska resenärers inställning till en mer rättvis turism samt en intervju med Eleonore Fauré på Fair Trade Center. Uppsatsens resultat är att både researrangörerna och resenärerna spelar en stor roll för utvecklingen av en rättvisare turism. I dagsläget krävs förändringar dels hos researrangörerna, dels hos resenären för att en rättvisare turism ska bli möjlig i framtiden. Researrangörerna måste bredda sitt ansvarsområde och även innefatta frågor av ekonomisk, kulturell och social karaktär, inte bara miljöfrågor. De konkreta råden till resenären och beskrivningen av destinationer i marknadsföringen måste bli mer sanningsenlig och öppen med de problem som turismen för med sig. Resenären å andra sidan, måste använda sin konsumentmakt genom att öka sina krav på och ställa frågor till sin researrangör för att dessa frågor ska få högre prioritet. Resultatet av min enkätundersökning visar att i dagsläget är detta inte fallet. Ur ett geografiskt perspektiv är dessa förändringar viktiga, eftersom en mer rättvis turism kan främja den regionala utvecklingen i destinationsländerna.

The country Cambodia has in the last recent years prospered as an international tourist destination and the tourism industry has become more recognised as a major source of income. The international tourist destination has therefore come to occupy an important role for the country’s economic development. Concerning the fact that Cambodia is a Third World country the local community can be extremely vulnerable in relation to the consequences that international tourism can create. The project ChildSafe was formed by the organization Friends International as a consequence of the poor situation for street children. This project works to protect children from all sorts of abuse. This project has also developed information for the international tourist to take part of while visiting the country. This information provides guidelines concerning how to act as a responsible tourist. The aim of this study is consequently to investigate how international tourism can influence the social community in Cambodia. To limit the research the study will focus on the organization ChildSafe and their work to promote a sustainable social development. It will also focus on the Ministry of Tourism and their work and attitude towards the same issue. The result of the study shows that international tourism affects the social community in many ways, both positive and negative. International tourism can contribute to the community and create a sustainable social development if there is support, information, incentives or regulations for the tourists that interests them or controls them in a way that is beneficial for the local community. Both ChildSafe and the Ministry of Tourism agree that the main positive consequence of international tourism for the social community is the revenue that the tourism industry can generate. Concerning the negative impacts of tourism the two organizations differ significantly as ChildSafe identifies many negative consequences for the social community. The Ministry of Tourism, on the other hand, believes that the negative impacts of international tourism do not affect the community significantly. However, both organizations believe that sustainable tourism can support the local community and create a sustainable social development. It is concluded from the work done by ChildSafe that international tourism can be used to promote the social community, but only if there is support and information for the international tourists when they arrive in the country. Finally, it is concluded that support from the Ministry of Tourism is needed as it is believed that they possess the greatest power of change for the tourist destination Cambodia.

Market capitalism sets the conditions for how the world is conceived, experienced and organized at various spatial scales (global to local). Currently, competitiveness, entrepreneurship and economic growth are key values that shape how the world is conceived, experienced and organized. Discourses of place marketing, place branding, and the construction of places as (economic) products, are part and parcel of the heightened commodification of space. Tourism has been a major factor in the commodification of place and space. More often than not, tourism has been seen as a possibility for peripheral places, in their struggle finding new ways towards development. The essay studies the construction, representation, and marketing of tourist places in a peripheral area of Sweden. The purpose with the paper is to examine how tourism marketing creates ideas and perceptions of the space in the region of Dalsland, and how tourism shapes the material spatial practices, conceptions of space as well as lived spaces in Dalsland. The material for the study comprises of representations of Dalsland in tourist brochures published by the regional tourist organization. Lefebvre’s trailectic model of space forms the basic theoretical and methodological perspective for this study. The empirical analysis is based on visual and semiotic content analysis of representations and marketing of places for the tourism. Four categories of tourism marketing are identified and comprise four different spaces of “The touristified space of Dalsland”. As a touristified space, the region of Dalsland has been constructed as a “nature based experience space”. One implication of which is changed material spatial practices, such places with a “high touristic value” are given priority in infrastructure and other public recourses development plans.

Denna uppsats undersöker miljömedvetenhet och miljöbeteende hos studenter i åldern 18-30 år vid Karlstads universitet. Uppsatsen undersöker även vilken roll miljömedvetenhet spelar i vilka resealternativ studenterna väljer vid en turistresa utomlands. Vidare är syftet att studera studenternas kunskap om fenomenen alternativ turism, hållbar turism och ekoturism. En enkätundersökning med 69 respondenter visade att en majoritet av respondenterna svarade att de var miljömedvetna men att endast ett fåtal uppvisade ett miljöbeteende i vardagen. Än färre uppvisade ett miljöbeteende i vardagen samt vid valet av resealternativ. Undersökningen visade även att kunskapen var låg hos respondenterna om de olika begreppen, undantaget de respondenter som studerar vid Turismprogrammet som visade en hög kunskap. Undersökningen visade att det som respondenterna till största del efterfrågade för att de skulle välja fler miljömässigt hållbara resealternativ handlade om billigare resor eller rabatter, samt mer information, både om utbudet av alternativa resor och den miljöpåverkan som resvalen kunde ha.

Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt Proni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FernandoMelonide_M.pdf: 1791302 bytes, checksum: 110a2b7cfba9c68a715439b0ca6b3af9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O estudo que aqui se apresenta trata principalmente do Turismo no Brasil e das formas de trabalho nele existentes. Tendo como recorte analítico as transformações sociais e econômicas ocorridas no Brasil a partir dos anos noventa, o objetivo desta análise foi investigar a importância do Turismo na geração de ocupações no País, discutindo o perfil e a qualidade das mesmas. Portanto, buscou-se aqui verificar não apenas o volume de empregos, mas, também, os níveis de remuneração, os tipos de ocupação, a formalidade e a informalidade do emprego, a distribuição regional dos ocupados, dentre outras características importantes. Para contextualizar esta análise, além da discussão das metodologias de mensuração das ocupações no segmento, o texto inclui: (1) uma breve apresentação e um debate sobre o processo de desenvolvimento econômico e de configuração do mercado de trabalho brasileiro nas últimas décadas, especialmente, a partir dos anos 1990; (2) uma análise do processo de crescimento e transformação do complexo econômico do Turismo no Brasil, com o destaque para o enfoque nos ramos de atividade que formam o Núcleo Duro do Turismo, isto é, seu segmento mais dinâmico; e (3) uma reflexão acerca das políticas públicas de Turismo, que têm um papel fundamental sobre desenvolvimento da atividade e sobre a organização do trabalho no interior do mesmo. Pode-se considerar, a partir dos dados e da discussão apresentada, que apesar da expansão e do processo de modernização das atividades que compõem o centro da atividade econômica do Turismo, por um lado, e do fortalecimento das ações, programas e planos públicos para atividade no País, que sempre enfatizaram a importância da geração de empregos no segmento, por outro lado, o trabalho no Turismo brasileiro não apenas possui ainda um papel muito modesto em termos quantitativos, uma vez apuradas as metodologias de análise, como também não se destaca, na qualidade das ocupações geradas, daquelas encontradas de maneira ampla no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Pelo contrário, as ocupações encontradas no segmento turístico, em geral, caracterizam-se por rendimentos inferiores e maior precariedade, quando comparadas com outras atividades de Serviços, por exemplo. Todavia, a análise entre os ramos de atividade turística também revela diferenças importantes. De todo modo, ainda há muito que se avançar na formulação de políticas e na melhoria das condições de trabalho no Turismo, que há anos vem sendo muito valorizado, especialmente neste aspecto. / Abstract: The study that is presented here deals mainly with the Tourism in Brazil and the existing forms of work within it. Taking as analytical approach the social and economic changes that have occurred in Brazil since the nineties, the objective of this analysis was investigate the importance of the Tourism in the generation of occupations in Brazil, discussing the profile and the quality of these jobs. Therefore, the attempt of this study was not only verify the number of jobs created, but, also, the wage levels, the types of occupation, the formality and the informality of the employment, the regional distribution of the occupied, among other important characteristics. To contextualize this analysis, beyond a discussion of the methods of measurement of occupations in the segment, the text includes: (1) a brief presentation and a discussion on the process of economic development and configuration of the Brazilian labour market in the recent decades, especially from the years 1990; (2) an analysis of the growth process and transformation of the Tourism economic complex in Brazil, with emphasis on the approach in the activity branches that form the Hard Nucleus of the Tourism, that is, its more dynamic segment; and (3) a reflection concerning the public policies on tourism, which have a key role on the development of the activity and the organization of the work within it. It can be considered, from the data and the presented discussion, that - despite the expansion and modernization process of the activities that compose the center of the economic activity of the Tourism, on the other hand, and the strengthening of the actions, plans and public programs for activity in the country, which has always emphasized the importance of the employment generation in the segment, on the other hand -, the work in the Brazilian tourism not only still has a very modest hole in quantitative terms, once refined the analysis methodologies, as well as doesn't stand out, in terms of the quality of the occupations created, of those found broadly in the Brazilian labour market. Rather, the occupations found in the tourism segment, in general, are characterized by lower incomes and more precarious conditions, when compared with other activities of Services, for example. However, the analysis between the branches of tourist activity also discloses differences that are important. In all way, there is much to make progress in policy formulation and in the improvement of the conditions of the work in Tourism, which for years has been highly valued, especially in this aspect. / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Vintern 2019 började ett virus spridas i Kina som senare kom att kallas Covid-19. När vi började diskutera kring ämnet förstod vi snart att denna pandemi skulle komma att ha en stor påverkan på hela världen men framförallt på turismnäringen. Detta var ett ämne vi båda direkt fann intressant att undersöka mer och som vi var helt överens om att ta oss an. Från början tänkte vi väldigt brett och globalt men efter tips från ansvarig handledare bestämde vi oss för att avgränsa och lägga vårt fokus på region Värmland. Under uppsatsarbetet har vi haft genomgående teman som har varit regeringens restriktioner och dess påverkan på turismnäringen samt planering för turism. Vårt syfte med studien är att undersöka hur kommuner och företag utifrån ett turismperspektiv har påverkats till följd av regeringens restriktioner i samband med Covid-19 pandemin, samt undersöka hur de kan fortsätta att planera för turism under omständigheterna. I vårt teorikapitel presenteras de olika teoretiska utgångspunkterna som varit framträdande och som skapat en grund för vår studie: turism och pandemier, staten och den offentliga sektorns roll för turismen, planera för turism, säkerhet och kriser, mobilitet och hemester - semestra hemma. För att besvara vårt syfte har vi använt oss av metodtriangulering där kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod samt innehållsanalys ingått. I studien har vi genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer samt kvantitativ enkätundersökning för att samla empiri som framgår i vårt resultat. Empirin har sedan kopplats samman med den utvalda teorin vilket senare kom att analyseras för att slutligen fastställa vår slutsats. Resultatet som framkommit i vår studie är att värmländska kommuner och turismföretag har påverkats negativt både ur ett turismperspektiv och ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv, vilket har lett till att många kommuner och företag har fått anpassa sig efter omständigheterna med Covid-19 samt fått göra ändringar i turismplaneringen.