This dissertation reports on two supplemental instruction implementations in courses with high failure rates. In study one, 27 ultra-short on-line tutorials were created for Principles of Accounting II students (N = 426). In study two, 21 tutorials with a similar design were created for Elementary Statistics students (N = 1,411). Accounting students were encouraged by their instructor to use the resource, but statistics students only saw a brief demonstration by the researcher. Neither course gave students credit for using the tutorials. In study one, 71.4% of the accounting students used the tutorials. Students who used the tutorials had dramatically lower drop rates and better pass rates. Tutorial use was correlated with exam scores, although the effect was moderate. Tutorial use remained at high levels two years after implementation without instructors promoting use of the resource. Course grades were higher for the two-year period after implementation compared to the two years prior to implementation. In study two, statistics sections were randomly assigned to intervention (tutorials; 695 students) or control (716 students). There were no significant differences in drop rates or average grades between intervention and control sections. On average, 46.0% of the intervention students used the tutorials. Users were less likely to drop and more likely to pass compared to non-users and control students; these differences were especially pronounced among low-achieving students. Tutorial use was correlated with slightly higher exam scores, but only for low achievers. The lack of differences between intervention and control sections may have been due to the drop off of usage after the first exam and the small learning effect only accruing to the relatively small number of low achievers. Participants reported the tutorials as “important to their course achievement” more often than other course resources. The important features of the tutorials were convenience (24/7 Internet access), efficiency of learning, and clear instruction. These studies suggest that the magnitude of the learning effect of the ultra-short tutorials depends on the tutorial topics, instructor promotion of the resource, and whether or not they are implemented in a course in which students feel the need to seek extra instruction.

In this master graduation work there are analyzed and described the principles of creation an intelligent component of adaptive e-learning system, by using Kohonen self organized map neural networks. There created intelligent component, which was realized by using agent technologies, distinguishes by abilities to make a decision in respect of concrete user needs. In this work there are also described common structure of adaptive e-learning system, by pointing the place, which takes intelligent component, and its relationships with other parts of such adaptive system.

Diss. phil.-hist. Bern. / Literaturverz.

abstract: Lots of previous studies have analyzed human tutoring at great depths and have shown expert human tutors to produce effect sizes, which is twice of that produced by an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). However, there has been no consensus on which factor makes them so effective. It is important to know this, so that same phenomena can be replicated in an ITS in order to achieve the same level of proficiency as expert human tutors. Also, to the best of my knowledge no one has looked at student reactions when they are working with a computer based tutor. The answers to both these questions are needed in order to build a highly effective computer-based tutor. My research focuses on the second question. In the first phase of my thesis, I analyzed the behavior of students when they were working with a step-based tutor Andes, using verbal-protocol analysis. The accomplishment of doing this was that I got to know of some ways in which students use a step-based tutor which can pave way for the creation of more effective computer-based tutors. I found from the first phase of the research that students often keep trying to fix errors by guessing repeatedly instead of asking for help by clicking the hint button. This phenomenon is known as hint refusal. Surprisingly, a large portion of the student's foundering was due to hint refusal. The hypothesis tested in the second phase of the research is that hint refusal can be significantly reduced and learning can be significantly increased if Andes uses more unsolicited hints and meta hints. An unsolicited hint is a hint that is given without the student asking for one. A meta-hint is like an unsolicited hint in that it is given without the student asking for it, but it just prompts the student to click on the hint button. Two versions of Andes were compared: the original version and a new version that gave more unsolicited and meta-hints. During a two-hour experiment, there were large, statistically reliable differences in several performance measures suggesting that the new policy was more effective. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar compreender como ocorre, a partir de processos de atribuição de significados, a construção de identidades individuais e coletivas dos sujeitos que atuam como tutores em cursos de nível superior, desenvolvidos na modalidade de Educação a Distância (EAD). O crescimento exponencial da Educação a Distância, impulsionado pelos avanços das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) incitou-me a buscar respostas para uma série de questionamentos sobre uma possível construção de identidade(s) dos tutores nele envolvidos. Motivos e interrogações decorreram de tratar-se de uma temática ainda pouco investigada no meio acadêmico, apesar de se constituir em uma realidade em crescente implementação no campo da educação superior no país. Para compreender a construção de identidades individuais e coletivas de tutores, adotou-se a perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial, tendo como base as abordagens de Edmund Husserl, Paul Ricoeur e Alberto Melucci. Os caminhos metodológicos utilizados na construção da pesquisa configuraram-se nas etapas propostas por Giorgi (1985) e Comiotto (1992). Como instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, dialógicas, gravadas e transcritas, com a participação de 23 sujeitos distribuídos entre uma diretora de um sindicato de professores; tutores; professores; alunos; e coordenadores de cursos a distância de duas instituições de Ensino Superior: uma pública e outra privada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Das análises da pesquisa emergiram três categorias e suas respectivas dimensões fenomenólogicas: 1) O Tutor em Busca de Si Mesmo; 2) A Função Social Docente do Tutor; e 3) A Perspectiva da Educação Inicial e Continuada do Tutor. Explicita-se que a discussão sobre o significado do ser tutor está intimamente interligada com uma perspectiva conceitual de identidade como um “ser em construção”. A sua inserção pessoal e profissional ocorre num mundo específico e acadêmico, permeado de expectativas, de sociabilidade, de inter-relações, de sistemas educativos, de ações e concepções políticas e de projetos pedagógicos. Neste sentido, conforme as dimensões fenomenológicas evidenciadas, as expectativas quanto ao significado do ser tutor estão muito fortemente impactadas por um passado docente, ou seja, por uma memória de ser professor e por um projeto de vida em docência; é necessário, portanto, caminhar em busca de uma formação e capacitação especializada que, a cada dia, torna-se mais complexa, exigindo múltiplas competências nas dimensões teóricas (domínio de conhecimentos), metodológicas (fazeres pedagógicos) e tecnológicas (domínio das TICs). / The purpose of this study was to understand how it happens, from processes of attribution of meanings, the construction of individual and collective identities of individuals that act as tutors in graduate courses developed in the modality of Distance Education. The exponential growth of Distance Education, stimulated by advances in Information and Communication Technologies, encouraged me to seek answers to a series of questions about a possible construction of identity(ies) of tutors involved in it. Reasons and interrogations were originated from the fact that we deal with a subject still not much investigated in Academia, although it constitutes a reality in a growing implementation in the field of higher education in our country. To understand the construction of individual and collective identities of tutors it was made use of the existentialphenomenological perspective based on the approaches of Edmund Husserl, Paul Ricoeur and Alberto Melucci. The methodological ways used in the construction of the research took form at the steps proposed by Giorgi (1985) and Comiotto (1992). Semi-structured, dialogical interviews were used as a tool for collection of data; they were recorded and transcribed, with 23 participants distributed between a director of a professors’ union; tutors; professors; students and coordinators of the Distance Education courses of two institutions of higher education: one public and another private in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. From the analysis of the research emerged three categories and their respective phenomenological dimensions: 1) The Tutor in Search of His Self, 2) The Social Docent Function of the Tutor, and 3) The Perspective of Initial and Continuous Education of the Tutor. It is made explicit that the discussion about the meaning of the being tutor is closely interconnected with a conceptual perspective of identity as a "being in construction". His personal and professional insertion occurs in a specific and academic world permeated by expectations, sociability, interrelationships, educational systems, political actions and conceptions and pedagogical projects. In this sense, according to the phenomenological dimensions evidenced, the expectations about the meaning of being tutor are very strongly affected by a passed idea of being a docent, which is, by a memory of being a professor and by a life project in teaching; it is necessary, therefore, to seek for learning and specialized training that day by day becomes increasingly complex, which requires multiple skills in the theoretical (knowledge), methodological (pedagogical action) and technological (knowledge about Information and Communication Technologies) dimensions.

[pt] O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de institucionalização dos Conselhos Tutelares do município do Rio de Janeiro, enquanto uma instância garantidora de direitos no sistema de garantia de direitos humanos para crianças e adolescentes. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida com base em três marcos temporais: os anos de 1996, 2006 e 2016, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, para a qual foi analisada vasta documentação institucional coletada junto à três atores do sistema de garantia de direitos: primeiramente a gestão municipal, responsável pelo suporte técnico-administrativo aos Conselhos Tutelares onde analisou-se leis, decretos, resoluções, instrumentos de processo de trabalho, relatórios de gestão; posteriormente junto ao Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, onde foram analisadas deliberações e comunicados; e por fim, junto à Associação Estadual de Conselheiros Tutelares do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram analisados o seu estatuto institucional e o plano de trabalho. Para a realização do presente estudo, foram analisados ainda outros documentos públicos, tais como o orçamento criança e adolescente, balanços do Disque 100, guias e cartilhas da Secretaria Nacional de Direitos Humanos. No processo de análise comparativa entre as legislações existentes, em consonância com as recomendações do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, como conclusão do trabalho, verificou-se a necessidade de revisão da legislação municipal e de reorganização do Conselho Tutelar, sobretudo no que se refere à autonomia e metodologia de atuação a fim de possa cumprir as atribuições contidas no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; Conclui-se ainda ressaltando-se a necessidade de tornar sustentável os processos de trabalho instituídos tanto pela gestão municipal quanto pelos próprios conselheiros, a fim de efetivar os Conselhos Tutelares como instâncias de garantia dos direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes em meio à outros mecanismos de defesa já existentes. / [en] This study aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of the Guardianship Councils of the Rio de Janeiro city, as a guaranteeing body instance of rights within the system of guaranteeing human rights for children and adolescents. This dissertation was developed based on three time frames: the years of 1996, 2006 and 2016, based on a qualitative research, which analyzed a large institutional documentation collected from the three actors of the system of guarantee of rights: first, the municipal management, responsible for the technical-administrative support to the Tutelary Councils where laws, decrees, resolutions, labor process instruments, management reports were analyzed; later to the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Child and Adolescents, where deliberations and communiqués were analyzed; and finally, with the State Association of Tutelary Councilors of Rio de Janeiro, where were analyzed their articles of association and their work plan. In order to carry out the present study, other public documents such as the budget for children and adolescents, balance sheets of Disque 100, guides and booklets of the Secretariat National of Human Rights were also analyzed. In the process of comparative analysis between existing legislation, in line with the recommendations of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, as a conclusion of this work, there was a need to revise the municipal legislation and reorganize the Guardianship Council, especially in the which refers to the autonomy and methodology of action in order to fulfill the responsibilities contained in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent Law; It is also concluded that there is a need to make the work processes instituted by the municipal administration and by the councilors themselves sustainable, so as to make the Guardianship Councils as instances of guaranteeing the human rights of children and adolescents among others mechanisms at the existing defense system.

La recherche porte sur les gestes professionnels des formateurs accompagnant des enseignants nouvellement nommés. L‘entrée dans le métier est une période cruciale pour nombre d’enseignants. A l’école primaire, les modalités spécifiques d’accompagnement mises en œuvre sous la forme d’un tutorat, visent à développer la professionnalité de l’enseignant en devenir. Cette recherche rend compte d’une étude longitudinale de l’accompagnement de quatre maitres formateurs auprès d’enseignants stagiaires ou contractuels, durant l’année scolaire 2013-2014. Dans l’entretien post observation de classe, dispositif support de cette étude, l’activité du formateur est analysée sous l’angle des gestes professionnels, mobilisés dans leurs dimensions opératoires et symboliques, et, enrichis par la notion d’amplitude professionnelle. Cette dernière suppose que le geste professionnel n’a pas une dimension axiologique en lui-même mais qu’il est fortement dépendant de la relation d’accompagnement construite entre les deux partenaires de l’entretien. Dans la continuité des travaux mobilisant les gestes professionnels, Jorro (1998, 2002, 2006, 2011), Alin (2006, 2010) et Bucheton (2008, 2009), la thèse étudie les gestes professionnels du formateur pendant l’entretien post observation de classe, rendant possible une lecture d’un agir professionnel situé.Le geste professionnel, conçu comme un mouvement du corps envers autrui, est redéfini comme une interaction verbale et/ou corporelle, intentionnelle et conscientisée par le formateur, d’amplitude variable. Les résultats permettent de mettre en évidence sept gestes professionnels des formateurs. Par leurs spécificités, ces gestes sont les témoins d’un agir opératoire professionnel en situation. Nommés et clairement identifiés, ils constitueraient des savoirs conscientisés qui permettraient d’enrichir les pratiques des formateurs. Ainsi, outre les deux visées principales, descriptive et compréhensive, la recherche s’inscrit dans une perspective praxéologique, visant le développement professionnel des formateurs d’enseignants en situation d’accompagnement individualisé. / This research is about the professional gestures of tutors accompanying newly appointed teachers. In the interview that follows the observation of a class, which we based our study on, the tutor’s activity is analysed through the lens of professional gestures, mobilised in their operating and symbolic dimensions, and enriched by the notion of professional amplitude.This last one supposes that the professional gesture does not have an axiological dimension in itself, but that it strongly depends on the accompanying relation built between the two partners of the interview. In the continuity of works concerning professional gestures, Jorro (1998, 2002, 2006, 2011), Alin (2006, 2010) and Bucheton (2008, 2009), this thesis studies the professional gestures of the tutor during the interview post class observation and makes possible a reading of a situated professional acting. The professional gesture, seen as a body movement towards the other, is redefined as a verbal and/or corporeal interaction, intended and conscientised by the tutor, of variable amplitude. The results allow us to highlight seven professional gestures from the tutors.

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar compreender como ocorre, a partir de processos de atribuição de significados, a construção de identidades individuais e coletivas dos sujeitos que atuam como tutores em cursos de nível superior, desenvolvidos na modalidade de Educação a Distância (EAD). O crescimento exponencial da Educação a Distância, impulsionado pelos avanços das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) incitou-me a buscar respostas para uma série de questionamentos sobre uma possível construção de identidade(s) dos tutores nele envolvidos. Motivos e interrogações decorreram de tratar-se de uma temática ainda pouco investigada no meio acadêmico, apesar de se constituir em uma realidade em crescente implementação no campo da educação superior no país. Para compreender a construção de identidades individuais e coletivas de tutores, adotou-se a perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial, tendo como base as abordagens de Edmund Husserl, Paul Ricoeur e Alberto Melucci. Os caminhos metodológicos utilizados na construção da pesquisa configuraram-se nas etapas propostas por Giorgi (1985) e Comiotto (1992). Como instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, dialógicas, gravadas e transcritas, com a participação de 23 sujeitos distribuídos entre uma diretora de um sindicato de professores; tutores; professores; alunos; e coordenadores de cursos a distância de duas instituições de Ensino Superior: uma pública e outra privada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Das análises da pesquisa emergiram três categorias e suas respectivas dimensões fenomenólogicas: 1) O Tutor em Busca de Si Mesmo; 2) A Função Social Docente do Tutor; e 3) A Perspectiva da Educação Inicial e Continuada do Tutor. Explicita-se que a discussão sobre o significado do ser tutor está intimamente interligada com uma perspectiva conceitual de identidade como um “ser em construção”. A sua inserção pessoal e profissional ocorre num mundo específico e acadêmico, permeado de expectativas, de sociabilidade, de inter-relações, de sistemas educativos, de ações e concepções políticas e de projetos pedagógicos. Neste sentido, conforme as dimensões fenomenológicas evidenciadas, as expectativas quanto ao significado do ser tutor estão muito fortemente impactadas por um passado docente, ou seja, por uma memória de ser professor e por um projeto de vida em docência; é necessário, portanto, caminhar em busca de uma formação e capacitação especializada que, a cada dia, torna-se mais complexa, exigindo múltiplas competências nas dimensões teóricas (domínio de conhecimentos), metodológicas (fazeres pedagógicos) e tecnológicas (domínio das TICs). / The purpose of this study was to understand how it happens, from processes of attribution of meanings, the construction of individual and collective identities of individuals that act as tutors in graduate courses developed in the modality of Distance Education. The exponential growth of Distance Education, stimulated by advances in Information and Communication Technologies, encouraged me to seek answers to a series of questions about a possible construction of identity(ies) of tutors involved in it. Reasons and interrogations were originated from the fact that we deal with a subject still not much investigated in Academia, although it constitutes a reality in a growing implementation in the field of higher education in our country. To understand the construction of individual and collective identities of tutors it was made use of the existentialphenomenological perspective based on the approaches of Edmund Husserl, Paul Ricoeur and Alberto Melucci. The methodological ways used in the construction of the research took form at the steps proposed by Giorgi (1985) and Comiotto (1992). Semi-structured, dialogical interviews were used as a tool for collection of data; they were recorded and transcribed, with 23 participants distributed between a director of a professors’ union; tutors; professors; students and coordinators of the Distance Education courses of two institutions of higher education: one public and another private in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. From the analysis of the research emerged three categories and their respective phenomenological dimensions: 1) The Tutor in Search of His Self, 2) The Social Docent Function of the Tutor, and 3) The Perspective of Initial and Continuous Education of the Tutor. It is made explicit that the discussion about the meaning of the being tutor is closely interconnected with a conceptual perspective of identity as a "being in construction". His personal and professional insertion occurs in a specific and academic world permeated by expectations, sociability, interrelationships, educational systems, political actions and conceptions and pedagogical projects. In this sense, according to the phenomenological dimensions evidenced, the expectations about the meaning of being tutor are very strongly affected by a passed idea of being a docent, which is, by a memory of being a professor and by a life project in teaching; it is necessary, therefore, to seek for learning and specialized training that day by day becomes increasingly complex, which requires multiple skills in the theoretical (knowledge), methodological (pedagogical action) and technological (knowledge about Information and Communication Technologies) dimensions.

MOREIRA, Marília Maia. Análise da visão do professor-tutor sobre a adequabilidade do material didático de matemática à luz da sequência FEDATHI: o caso da licenciatura em matemática do IFCE. 2014. 146f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-14T11:59:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mmmoreira.pdf: 2294078 bytes, checksum: b2a4d652d40d910cede40d61ab72987b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-15T13:27:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mmmoreira.pdf: 2294078 bytes, checksum: b2a4d652d40d910cede40d61ab72987b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T13:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mmmoreira.pdf: 2294078 bytes, checksum: b2a4d652d40d910cede40d61ab72987b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta pesquisa teve como foco a análise da visão do professor-tutor sobre a adequação do material didático de Matemática à modalidade semipresencial de ensino superior. Como parte do arcabouço teórico necessário para se realizar essa análise, fez-se uma retrospectiva histórica do ensino de Matemática (com ênfase no ensino de Cálculo) em duas das principais instituições de ensino superior do país: a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e a Universidade de São Paulo, desde o Império até os dias atuais. Também foi desenvolvida nesta pesquisa uma análise comparativa de livros-textos que foram usados como base para o ensino de cálculo nessas instituições de ensino superior. Discutiu-se ainda o conceito de material didático para ensino superior a distância, assim como se descreveu o material didático de Matemática para essa modalidade de ensino. A abordagem metodológica tratou-se de uma pesquisa-ação, na qual se partiu de um estudo particular de um objeto para se chegar a conclusões gerais. Na coleta dos dados, foram ouvidos os professores-tutores, oriundos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), mediante entrevistas, utilizando-se de um questionário constituído de questões abertas. A metodologia de base para a construção desse questionário se pautou na teoria Sequência FEDATHI. A pesquisa ainda tratou de verificar se há evidências da presença de uma transposição didática, especificamente a presença da teoria Sequência FEDATHI, no Material Didático de Cálculo I produzido pelo IFCE para o curso semipresencial de Licenciatura em Matemática. Dessa verificação, constatou-se que a proposta de se utilizar a Sequência FEDATHI como uma das metodologias de base para a construção de um material didático de Matemática para ensino a distância é um ideal que ainda não foi alcançado. Outra constatação é que o atual material didático de Cálculo I ainda não está didaticamente adequado ao seu público-alvo e deve passar por uma reformulação didática.

Este trabalho investiga o olhar dos tutores de sede sobre o impacto de suas intervenções sobre a construção de conhecimento das alunas-professoras de um curso de pedagogia a distância. A metodologia de pesquisa foi inspirada no método clínico piagetiano e a fundamentação teórica é a Epistemologia Genética. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois momentos distintos. No primeiro momento foi realizada uma entrevista através do MSN, tendo um roteiro com sete questionamentos e no segundo momento um questionário composto de três perguntas enviado para os sujeitos através do correio eletrônico. A entrevista aborda questões sobre a construção de conhecimento, sobre a avaliação e a sua função de tutor. O questionário trabalha com a ideia das intervenções e suas relações com a construção de conhecimento das alunas-professoras. A contribuição do tutor nas aprendizagens das alunasprofessoras do PEAD foi analisada a partir de suas noções sobre a construção de conhecimento, da avaliação como um momento de aprendizagem e do impacto de suas intervenções. Foi possível verificar que os tutores compreendem que a sua atuação tem relação direta com a construção de conhecimento das alunas-professoras. / This thesis examines the perspective of headquarters’ tutors on the impact of their interventions on knowledge building of students-teachers in a distance learning course on pedagogy. The research methodology was inspired by Piagetian clinical method and Genetic Epistemology was adopted as theoretical framework. Data collection was developed at two different times. Initially, an interview was conducted through MSN, guided by a script with seven questions. Secondly, a survey containing three questions was sent to participants via email. The interview addresses issues on knowledge building, evaluation and the role of tutor. The survey explores the idea of interventions and the relationship between these and knowledge building of students-teachers. Data collected were analyzed from the following topics: knowledge building, evaluation as a privileged moment of learning and the impact of tutors’ interventions. The tutor contribution in the students-teachers PEAD learning was analyzed based on their construction knowledge notions, the evaluation as a learning moment and the impact of their interventions. It was possible verify that the tutors understand that their performance is directly related to the students-teachers construction knowledge.