The majority of learners perform badly at the end of the formal schooling in South Africa. This point is verified by the poor results after almost every Grade 12 Final examination. The statistics of candidates who wrote the Senior Certificate examination at the end of 1996 reflect a 53,9% pass rate and that of 1997, 47,4% (Department of Education, 1999:12). It was also mentioned that the depicted scenario prompted a national outcry from several sectors of the South African community. This study shows that the grade 12 examination results did not reflect a significant change during the years that followed 1997. The study further pinpoints Science as a learning area that learners fail alarmingly. It also goes on to isolate electricity as an area that is difficult for both the learners and the educators to understand, thereby contributing enormously towards the very high failure rate mentioned earlier. The researcher also found that literature revealed that not much in-service education and training has been done to redress the malpractices that may be the contributory factors towards the high failure rate in question. The researcher introduced the audio-tutorial self-study programme to assess its influence on the knowledge and insight of Science educators. Conclusions are made and the recommendations are drawn based on the findings of the study. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002

This article places an emphasis on the importance of tutorials for students with a disability in universities. It presented the most significant results of the study of tutorials carried out in help services, units or offices for students with a disability inmore than 45 Spanish universities, in relation to promotion, reception, completion and graduation. The contributions highlight the importance of organising a response through a Tutorial Action Plan made up of the stages of motivation and awareness-raisin, planning, execution, evaluation and institutionalisation. Among the principle conclusions, the importance of moving towards a truly inclusive university through tutorial activity is highlighted, thereby providing a guide for providing assistance to university students with a disability. / Este aporte pone énfasis en la importancia de la acción tutorial dirigida al colectivo de estudiantes con discapacidad en el contexto universitario. Presenta los resultados más significativos del estudio que sobre actuaciones tutoriales realizan los Servicios, Unidades u Oficinas de atención a los estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad de más 45 universidades españolas, en relación con la promoción, la acogida, la permanencia y el egreso. Los aportes remarcan la importancia de organizar la respuesta a través de un Plan de Acción Tutorial orquestado desde las etapas de motivación y sensibilización, planificación, ejecución, evaluación e institucionalización. Entre las principales conclusiones, sobresale la importancia de avanzar hacia una universidad realmente inclusiva desde la acción tutorial, proporcionando, al respecto, una Guía para la atención a los alumnos universitarios con discapacidad.

Nowadays several nursing courses are seeking innovative pedagogical alternatives that can consolidate an education which is more coherent with the desired professional profile for everyday life in health services. One of the alternatives adopted by nursing schools in the country is the methodology known as Tutorial. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of the tutorial as learning methodology for nursing education, verify student satisfaction regarding its use and identify the role of tutorial methodology on the construction of student’s critical stance in relation to the reality of health sector. As the tutorial is a student centered methodology where the teacher’s role is to guide them on the development of their professional career and personal life, the study has begun on the hypothesis that the tutorial leads to a meaningful learning, which stimulates the learning process and the student ability to meddle in the reality of the health system in which they are inserted. This was a case study with quantitative and qualitative methodological approach (mixed method). The research’s subjects were students of the second and fifth year of the nursing school at the University of Health Sciences of Alagoas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a problem situation for the student to analyze and narrate their intervention. The answers to the questions were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test with a confidence interval of 95 % (p≤ 0.05) and the problem situation was investigated using content analysis. The results of both analyzes showed that the methodology of the tutorial has the potential to promote the development of a more critical and reflective capacity of the student. However, it is possible to suggest that with the suspension of monitoring due to changes of subjects, or the accumulation of activities throughout the course, students appear to be in process of disengagement, because although they know what must be done, they do not deepen and do not seem to translate into reality. / Atualmente muitos cursos de enfermagem vêm buscando alternativas pedagógicas inovadoras que possam consolidar uma formação mais coerente com o perfil profissional desejado para o cotidiano dos serviços de saúde. Uma das alternativas adotadas pelas escolas de enfermagem do país é a metodologia conhecida como Tutorial. O objetivo deste estudo foi demostrar o uso do tutorial como metodologia de aprendizagem para a formação em enfermagem, verificar a satisfação do aluno em relação a sua utilização e identificar o papel da metodologia do tutorial na construção da postura crítica do aluno em relação à realidade do setor saúde. Sendo o tutorial uma metodologia centrada no aluno e onde o professor tem o papel de orientá-lo no crescimento de sua carreira profissional e pessoal, partiu-se da hipótese de que o tutorial promove uma aprendizagem significativa, que estimula o processo de aprendizagem e a capacidade do aluno para intervir na realidade do Sistema de Saúde onde está inserido. Tratou-se de um Estudo de caso com abordagem metodológica quantitativa e qualitativa (método misto). Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram os alunos do segundo e quinto ano do curso de bacharelado em enfermagem da Universidade de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário estruturado e uma situação-problema para o aluno analisar e narrar a sua intervenção. As respostas das questões foram analisadas pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis com intervalo de confiança de 95% (p≤0,05) e a situação problema foi analisada através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados de ambas as análises permitem concluir que a metodologia do tutorial tem o potencial para promover o desenvolvimento de uma capacidade mais crítica e reflexiva do aluno. No entanto, é possível sugerir que com a suspensão do monitoramento devido às mudanças de disciplinas, ou com o acúmulo de atividades ao longo do curso, os alunos parecem entrar em processo de desinteresse, pois sabem o que tem que ser feito, contudo não aprofundam e não parecem transpor para a realidade.

Now, it is the world that high and new technology industries dominate. With the expansion of different industry chains and the trend of economic globalization, thousands of innovative solutions enter into the life of people. However, with the appearance of these ideas, initiators always face the challenge of presenting them. An intuitive and absorbing presentation plays the most important role of making the ideas accepted. As the saying goes, “No matter how good a movie is, it is boring without voice”. No matter how superior the products are, they will not be understood without perfect technical documents. This thesis presents the latest information typing architecture – DITA (Darwin Information Typing Architecture) which gives you an overview of technical presentations. As a newly developing XML-based (Extensible Markup Language) standard, DITA is not as popular as it ought to be. Seldom people even technical writers know about DITA and its characteristics. So far, the lack of practical materials leads to the difficulty for beginners to study DITA. The aim of this thesis is mainly to introduce DITA and make a technical tutorial. In order to strengthen the comprehension about DITA, the thesis makes a comparison with DocBook, another popular XML-based standard for technical writing and the most competitive standard of DITA. In the thesis, we collect a large number of materials of DITA and DocBook, and refine them for their comparison. For the practical tutorial, we make some simple examples in a DITA project and implement them on Serna Free, an XML editor. As a result, the thesis presents the detailed comparison between DITA and Docbook, and the tutorial includes the basic and vital part of DITA features.   Key words: DITA map, topic, Syntext Serna Free, tutorial

No description available.

This thesis presents a novel approach to introducing programmers into parallel and distributed computing. The main objective of this work is to develop an online coding environment which contains tutorials in form of simple parallel programming tasks. The online application simulates and visualizes multiple agents which cooperate on a task in virtual environment. These agents are programmed in a custom procedural language similar to JavaScript. A significant part of this thesis focuses on the design of this language. The client-side compiler is built using tools similar to Bison and Flex. The parallel simulator supports different scheduling algorithms including lock- step mode simulating computation on a GPU. An important aspect of the platform is extensibility; therefore, the tutorials and the packages for the programming language can be added as plug-ins. The final part of this thesis is dedicated to the implementation of sample packages and tutorials which demonstrate that the key goals of this thesis have been accomplished.

The diploma thesis describes selected new teaching methods using the Information Technology. In consideration of supporting the Informatics course at University of Economics, the options of future teaching methodology development are outlined. The creation of educational tutorials in form of screencasting is considered as the first development step, for which the methodology has been drawn up. It covers preparation, implementation and publishing of the tutorials. To test the methodology, supporting learning materials were worked out accordingly for the part of the course explaining Microsoft Excel 2007 application -- in form of the illustration of the problem solving process. The created tutorials were published on the special website and presented (not only) to students. Within 14-day testing period a large dataset was acquired to provide feedback both from tracking visitors' movements on the website and from e-questionnaires. The feedback was thoroughly analysed and the conclusions were used for the optimalization of the methodology which was finalized by this step and is disposable for authors of future educational tutorials.

Gitarren delar ett problem men andra stränginstrument såsom fiolen – samma ton i samma oktav kan ofta produceras på flera olika ställen på greppbrädan. Gitarrens bandförsedda greppbräda möjliggör även att göra det utan att det behöver vara mer speltekniskt krävande. Å andra sidan innebär det att gitarristen måste fatta beslut om var på greppbrädan en viss ton ska spelas, eller att de medierande redskap, vilka används för att mediera musik, måste förtydliga var på greppbrädan fingrarna ska placeras. Föreliggande studie har genomförts med syfte att belysa vilken kunskap som framstår som viktig för gitarrister och vilken lärarens roll är i YouTube-lektioner. Det gjordes genom en tematisk analys med en sociokulturell ansats. Tre YouTube-gitarrlärares lektioner analyserades och mönster beträffande vilka medierande redskap de använde sig av hittades och delades in i temana musikteoretiska begrepp, orientering på greppbrädan, tekniska färdigheter samt lärarroll. Resultatet visar att musikteoretiska begrepp framstår som viktig kunskap för gitarrister men att fingrarnas placering på greppbrädan, alltså orienteringen på greppbrädan, medieras genom andra redskap såsom siffror (och tabulatur), ackorddiagram och mönster. Det tydliggjordes att de tekniska färdigheterna plektrumteknik, fingerrörelser på greppbrädan och snabbhet framstår som viktigt. Lärarnas roll tycks vara att mediera redskap, vilka de lärande kan använda sig av i sitt musicerande. Hur de här redskapen ska användas i musicerandet verkar dock approprieras i andra sociala sammanhang. / The guitar as an instrument shares a problem with other stringed instruments such as the violin – the same note in the same octave can often be produced in various positions on the fingerboard. The fretted fingerboard of the guitar makes it possible to play the note in different positions without it being more demanding in terms of skill, which leads to the need for the guitarist to make decisions as to where on the fretboard to play the note, or else for the mediating tools used to mediate music to specify where the fingers should be placed. This study was conducted in order to bring to light, what knowledge appears to be important to guitarist and what the teacher’s roll in YouTube tutorials is. This was done through a thematic analysis with a sociocultural approach. Patterns regarding which mediating tools are used by three YouTube guitar teachers were found and divided into the themes music theory terms, fretboard orientation, technical abilities and the roll of the teacher. The results show that music theory terms appear to be important knowledge for guitar players but that the placement of the fingers on the fretboard, in other words the fretboard orientation, is mediated through other tools such as numbers (and tablature), chord charts and patterns. It became evident that the technical abilities picking, finger movement on the fretboard and speed appear to be important. The teachers roll appears to be mediating tools which the learners can use in their musicianship. How to use these tools however seems to be appropriated in other social contexts.

I spelindustrin tävlar utvecklare och designers konstant om att skapa nästa stora spel. Det kräver kunskap, hårt arbete och spelare. Spelarna deltar frivilligt i spel utifrån motivationen att dom kanske kommer njuta av upplevelsen. Mycket forskning har gjorts om vad som gör en spelguide effektiv och njutbar inom 2D och 3D kontext men det finns en brist på forskning om spelguider inom kontexten av virtual reality. Därför föreslår denna artikel att en integrerad kontext-sensitive guide kommer att framhäva upplevelsen som ett virtual reality spel skapar. / In the game industry, developers and designers are in a constant race to create the next big game. It requires knowledge, hard work and players. Players involve themselves in games voluntarily from the motivation that they might enjoy the experience. A lot of supporting data have been researched about effective and enjoyable tutorials in a 2D or 3D context although there is lacking research on the topic of effective and enjoyable tutorials in the context of virtual reality. Therefore this article suggests an integrated context-sensitive help will enhance the enjoyability of the experience that a virtual reality game delivers.

Instruktionsfilmer (video tutorials) används mer och mer som medier för att ta till sig information eller lära sig något nytt. Genom att se hur någon gör eller skapar något är mer givande än att enbart höra någon berätta om det. Som producent är det väsentligt att fundera kring hur man bör utformainstruktionsfilmen med användarnas upplevelse i fokus. Detta för att användarna ska bibehålla fokus under hela instruktionsfilmen samt för att de ska ta till sig informationen av det som förmedlas på bästa sätt. Skapandet av en instruktionsfilm där man fokuserar på att gynna användarupplevelsen skulle kunna bidra till att användarna söker upp ytterligare filmer gjorda av samma producent, vilket i sin tur skulle leda till en större publik av instruktionsfilmerna och med alla dess fördelar det kommer med. Att använda instruktionsfilmer i undervisningssyfte bidrar till exempel till att användarna (studenterna) kan ta till sig innehållet i sin egna takt samt att de hela tiden har tillgång till materialet så att de kan återgå till det vid funderingar. Att användarna då upplever en god användarupplevelse är av stor vikt för att de ska känna engagemang och kunna fokusera på innehållet i instruktionsfilmen. I denna är studie är det just detta som undersökts, det vill säga hur man som producent bör utforma en instruktionsfilm för att gynna användarupplevelsen av instruktionsfilmer som används i undervisningssyfte. Förslag på plattformar att använda för inspelning samt en kravspecifikation att förhålla sig till återfinns som ett resultat av studien.