This work explores possibilities of Car2Car and Car2X communication. It contains survey of system properties, types of transmission messages, etc. It represents architecture of the system and deals with technical expectations and limitations of system. In the light of the fact that this work is created in the time, when development of this system hasn’t finished yet, the work doesn’t contain details which would allow deeper technical view about area of vehicular communication. The work also deals with the possibility of realization of device, communicating with a similar standard. Like the most suitable standard was chosen an IEEE 802.11a. Mobile unit has been realized by single board computer Mini 2440 and communication has been realized by WiFi module OWS451i, which works as AT modem. Mini 2440 and infrastructure server are based on Linux operation system.

The objective of this master’s thesis is monitoring and management of computer networks via SNMP protocol and its practical application. The main part describes working with SNMPc program in an experimental network through implementation of its parts into the network and configuration of SNMP agents on routers, switch and end station. This thesis includes the results of traffic testing, disconnected links, effects of traffic load on QoS parameters, making longterm statistics, baselines and alarms. The thesis also includes parametres obtained with SNMP protocol from network nodes and end station.

This thesis is at the beginning about designing hardware of I/O card with module \-Rabbit3200 equipped by ethernet. Programs were created in programming languages such as assembler, C and C\#. At the end card was tested by generator, multimeter and oscilloscope.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of temperature sensor and display units, which communicate via a WLAN network. The theoretical part provides an overview of various methods of temperature measurement including several specific types of temperature sensors, and also introduces the WLAN standard as well as TCP and UDP protocols. The design solution is focuses first on the system architecture and design of the communication protocol, followed by the implementation of both types of equipment, starting with selection of components, through design diagrams and printed circuit board patterns, up to production and commissioning. The following parts of this thesis deal with the design of programs for the controlling microcontroller units of both units and the configuration application for PC.

Self-assembling protein surface layers (S-layers) are ubiquitous prokaryotic cell-surface structures involved in structural maintenance, nutrient diffusion, host adhesion, virulence, and many additional processes, which makes them appealing targets for therapeutics and biotechnological applications, including live vaccines, liposome drug delivery and biosensors. Unlocking this potential requires expanding our understanding of S-layer properties, especially the details of surface-attachment. S-layers of Gram-positive bacteria often are attached through the interaction of specialized S-layer homology (SLH) domain trimers with peptidoglycan-linked secondary cell wall polymers (SCWPs). Characterization of this interaction in the Gram-positive model organism Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051T reveals that, remarkably, binding-site switches can occur between two distinct SLH-domain SCWP receptor-site grooves in the S-layer protein SpaA, possibly as part of a mechanism to alleviate strain in the S-layer. To date, however, analysis of this novel mechanism has been limited to the terminal SCWP monosaccharide and the internal SCWP repeat disaccharide ligand analogues, leaving open the role of subsequent SCWP sugar residues in binding, as well as whether the two receptor sites are also suited to accommodate longer SCWP ligands that better approximate the biological target at the surface of P. alvei. To address this, the objective of this work aims to uncover and characterize the details of the SpaA SLH-domain (SpaASLH¬) SCWP-interaction by determining the co-crystal structures of SpaASLH¬, and single (SpaASLH/G109A) and the corresponding double (SpaASLH/G46A/G109A) mutants in complex with synthetic terminal disaccharide and trisaccharide analogues of the P. alvei CCM 2051T SCWP target. These structural characterizations have been supplemented with disaccharide and trisaccharide binding data, which was obtained through thermodynamic ITC analyses carried out by collaborators. The co-crystal structures of P. alvei SpaASLH with synthetic, terminal SCWP disaccharide and trisaccharide analogues, together with previously published monosaccharide-bound SpaASLH structures, reveal that while the SLH trimer accommodates longer biologically relevant SCWP ligands within both its primary (G2) and secondary (G1) binding sites, the terminal pyruvylated ManNAc moiety serves as the nearly-exclusive SCWP anchoring point. Binding is accompanied by displacement of a flexible loop adjacent to the receptor site that enhances the complementarity between protein and ligand, including electrostatic complementarity with the terminal pyruvate moiety. Remarkably, binding of the pyruvylated monosaccharide SCWP fragment alone is sufficient to cause rearrangement of the receptor binding sites in a manner necessary to accommodate longer SCWP fragments. The observation of multiple conformations for longer oligosaccharides bound to the protein, together with the demonstrated functionality of two of the three SCWP receptor binding sites, reveals how the SpaASLH-SCWP interaction has evolved to accommodate longer SCWP ligands and alleviate the strain inherent to bacterial S-layer adhesion during growth and division. In addition, to further clarify the steps involved in SCWP biosynthesis, we present a crystal structure of the unliganded UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase enzyme MnaA, which catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-GlcNAc into UDP-ManNAc—an essential building block of the P. alvei SCWP target. The P. alvei MnaA epimerase adopts a GT-B fold that is consistent with the architecture of previously published structures of other bacterial non-hydrolyzing UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase enzymes for which substrate binding is observed in the cleft located between the two domains. Characterization of this structure, coupled with an analysis of the sequence of the MnaA protein, reveals the presence of conserved residues that define the catalytic and allosteric sites in homologous enzymes from different organisms. These residues are positioned to accommodate substrate within the MnaA binding cleft in much the same manner as the published enzyme homologues, suggesting that allosteric regulation as a mechanism for enzyme regulation is conserved in P. alvei MnaA. These investigations are part of a greater effort toward understanding SLH domain-mediated SCWP-interactions in Gram-positive organisms, and provide insight into the structure and putative function of this SCWP biosynthetic enzyme. By understanding these processes, this knowledge may contribute to providing a platform for the rational design of Gram-positive inhibitors. Such inhibitors could selectively target, for example, the bacterial S-layer SCWP-binding interaction, or perhaps the essential biosynthetic enzymes involved in producing the exclusive targets that these S-layer proteins recognize and bind, and would thus represent a new class of antimicrobial therapeutics. / Graduate

This thesis investigates designing and implementing a peer-to-peer (P2P) networking frameworkfor Unity, a popular game engine, intending to offer a scalable and efficient solution forconstructing networked multiplayer games. The research covers an analysis of a P2P networkarchitecture, transport layer protocols, challenges in NAT traversal, and peer list management.A framework is proposed, incorporating NAT traversal, remote procedural calls (RPC), synchronization variables (SyncVar), interest management (IM), and a lobby system. The framework’sperformance is evaluated through integration, network, and game performance tests. Resultsdemonstrate the framework’s capacity to accommodate up to 50 players, with a theoreticalmaximum of 200 players, but further optimization techniques could increase this limit. IMsolutions are suggested to improve scalability, rendering the framework a more viable optionfor MMOGs. Additionally, this thesis seeks to contribute to comprehending P2P networkingframework design and implementation for Unity while emphasizing potential directions forfuture research and how they should be optimized / Denna uppsats undersöker design och implementering av ett peer-to-peer (P2P) nätverksramverk för Unity, en populär spelmotor, med målet att erbjuda en skalbar och effektiv lösning för att bygga nätverksbaserade flerspelarspel. Uppsatsen omfattar en analys av P2P-nätverksarkitektur, transportlagerprotokoll, utmaningar vid NAT-Travesering och hantering av peerlistor. Ett ramverk som inkluderar NAT-Travesering, fjärrproceduranrop (RPC), synkroniseringsvariabler (SyncVar), Interest Management (IM) och ett lobby-system föreslås. Ramverkets prestanda utvärderas genom integrationstester, nätverksprestandatester och spel-prestandatester. Resultaten visar att ramverket kan hantera upp till 50 spelare, med en teoretisk maximal kapacitet på 200 spelare, men ytterligare optimiserings tekniker kan öka denna gränsen. IM-lösningar föreslås för att förbättra skalbarheten, vilket gör ramverket till ett bättre alternativ för MMOG. Dessutom syftar denna uppsats till att bidra till förståelsen för design och implementering av P2P-nätverksramverk för Unity, samtidigt som den betonar potentiella riktningar för framtida forskning och hur dessa ska kunna optimeras.

It has been suggested that some cryptocurrencies have potential to take the role as a global digital payment system. However, as the current technology stands, all cryptocurrencies have shortcomings which are growing when scaling parameters. This emphasizes the importance of fast and reliable data transmissions when implementing network protocols to handle the transactions. However, little research has been conducted to specifically support the development of cryptocurrencies regarding protocol performance comparison. This study will be assisting the development of a new cryptocurrency, proposed by HAJ Enterprise. The report uses a theoretical framework of economic perspectives to investigate if the proposed cryptocurrency could take the role as a form of good money. Furthermore, the main purpose of the study is to identify which existing transport protocol with appurtenant parameters would be the most suitable in an implementation of the proposed cryptocurrency. To answer these questions, the study measures latency, throughput and reliability of protocols in a test simulating a real case of long distance data transmission. These results are then compared to findings from similar studies. From the results, it was suggested that proposed cryptocurrency satisfies the requirements of good money, as intrinsic value was found through the monetary policy. Moreover, it was found that TCP IPv6 showed the best performance regarding data transmission. However, considering the current state of the IPv6 adoption rate into consideration, it is suggested that TCP IPv4 with a packet size in the range of 1024-2048 would be beneficial. Further research in different settings is required for more nuanced results. / Det har föreslagits att kryptovalutor har potential att fungera som ett globalt digitalt betalmedel. Den bakomliggande tekniken medför dock att alla kryptovalutor har brister. Dessa brister är växande när parametrar skalas upp. Detta understryker vikten av snabba och pålitliga överföringar av data och passande val vid implementering av protokoll för att hantera transaktionerna. Forskning inom området för effektiv dataöverföring inom kryptovalutor tillåter fler möjligheter i betraktande av lösningar till storskaliga nätverk. Dessvärre har en begränsad mängd forskning bedrivits som specifikt understödjer utvecklingen av kryptovalutor genom jämförelse av protokollprestanda. Denna studie medverkar i utvecklingen av en ny kryptovaluta, föreslagen av HAJ Enterprise. Rapporten använder ett teoretiskt ramverk av ekonomiska perspektiv på kryptovalutor för att undersöka om den föreslagna kryptovalutan kan klassas som good money. Vidare är det huvudsakliga syftet med studien att identifiera vilka befintliga transportprotokoll, med tillhörande parametrar, som skulle vara mest lämpade att implementera i den föreslagna kryptovalutan. För att besvara dessa frågor mäts fördröjning, genomströmning och tillförlitlighet av protokoll i en testmiljö som simulerar ett verkligt fall med dataöverföring mellan långa avstånd. Dessa resultat jämförs därefter med resultat från liknande studier. Från resultaten kunde rapporten visa att den föreslagna kryptovalutan kan klassificeras som en form av pengar, då inneboende värde kunde identifieras genom kryptovalutans monetära policy. Det var också visat att TCP IPv6 hade bäst prestanda gällande dataöverföring. Men med hänsyn till den globala etablering av IPv6 föreslås TCP IPv4 med en paketstorlek inom en räckvidd mellan 1024 till 2048 byte som mest fördelaktig. Fortsatt forskning inom området och utökade tester inom olika miljöer krävs för ett mer nyanserat resultat.

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Detta projekt har utförts på uppdrag av Saab Dynamics. Syftet med projektet var att skapa ett system för att ersätta den befintliga utrustning som fanns för att simulera radar vid testning av vissa vapensystem.   Systemet byggdes upp med hjälp av GPRS, GPS och transportprotokollen TCP och UDP. Huvuddelen av arbetet berörde GPS och GPRS.   Denna rapport är en redogörelse för systemets framtagning och de verktyg och metoder som användes, samt en fördjupning i ämnena GPS, GPRS och deras olika protokoll. Rapporten tar även kort upp alternativa lösningar till datasamtal.   Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån resultatet av detta projekt är att systemet fungerar och kan vara användbart i framtiden efter vidareutveckling. / This project has been carried out on behalf of Saab Dynamics. The purpose of the project was to create a system to replace the existing equipment for simulating radar when testing certain weapon systems.   The system was created using GPRS, GPS and the transport protocols TCP and UDP. GPS and GPRS were used the most.   This report is a description of the system's design and the tools and methods used to create it, as well as an in depth look into the subjects of GPS, GPRS and their various protocols. The report also briefly discusses some alternative solutions that could have been used instead of data calls.   The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this project is that the system works and can be useful in the future with further development.