隨著網路時代的來臨，人際互動與溝通模式產生新的轉變，世界各地的網友可以藉由網路平台，表達自己的想法並且結交志同道合的朋友。喜歡特定品牌的網友們也會自行集結成立品牌社群，社群中的成員會以各種型式的創作與眾人分享其對於該品牌之愛好。有鑑於台灣寬頻網路普及率在世界名列前茅，品牌社群如雨後春筍般相繼成立，網友們也紛紛透過發表與瀏覽使用者創作與品牌社群成員互動，因此本研究目的在於找出影響網友加入品牌社群動機，及影響社群成員創作與消費使用者創作的因素，最後探討參與使用者創作對於品牌認同和社群認同的影響。 本研究以結構方程式來驗證Clary, Snyder, Ridge, Copeland, Stukas, Haugen, and Miene (1998) 功能性動機架構應用於品牌社群使用者創作之動機與態度，Eccles and Wigfield (1995) 的期望─價值理論對於使用者創作認知價值與態度間關係，以及Bagozzi and Dholakia (2005) 的品牌社群成員對於使用者創作態度及其使用者創作參與意圖的關聯，參與意圖對品牌與社群產生認同感之差異。 本研究有以下重要發現： 1. 社群導向加入動機會正面影響社群成員創作與消費使用者創作之態度，品牌導向加入動機則無顯著影響。 2. 品牌社群成員認為在社群中發表或瀏覽使用者創作越有價值，會更願意參與使用者創作的活動。 3. 對於創作使用者創作具有正面態度的社群成員，其參與使用者創作的意願越強，消費使用者創作態度較無顯著影響。 4. 社群成員參與使用者創作意願會強化品牌認同與社群認同，亦即越有意願參與使用者創作的成員對於品牌與社群之認同感越高。 / With the coming of the Internet age, people begin to change the way they communicate. People around the world can share their opinions on the Internet platform. Brand fanatics gather together and establish brand communities, and create different kinds of user-generated content to express their affections on the particular brand. In Taiwan, the assessiblity rate of Internet is occupied the leading position in the world. Moreover, brand community members interact with other members via publishing and consuming user-generated content. Thus, the purpose of the research is to find out the factors that influence brand community participation motivation, creating and consuming user-generated content, and the relation between user-generated content participation intention and brand identification and community identification. The Research is based on the conceptual framework of Functional Motivation proposed by Clary, Snyder, Ridge, Copeland, Stukas, Haugen, and Miene (1998) to investigate the relation between motivation and attitude toward user-generated content. With the Expectation – Value Theory proposed by Eccles and Wigfield (1995) to find out the influence of perceived value on attitude. Finally, the research will follow Bagozzi and Dholakia (2005) conceptual framework to discuss difference between the brand identification and community identification from the user-generated content participation intention. The research induces the following findings: 1. Community Oriented Participation Motivations will positively influence the brand community members’ user-generated contetent creation and consumpation attitude. Brand Oriented Participation Motivation will have no influence on the user-generated contetent creation and consumpation attitude. 2. The brand community members will base on the perceived value of creating and consuming user-generated content to engage user-generated content activity. 3. The attitude toward creating user-generated content will positively influence on the user-generated content participation intention. There is no significant influence from the attitude toward consuming user-generated content. 4. The user-generated content participation intention will reinforce the brand identification and community identification.

In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird eine Beispiel-E-Learning-Lektion zum Import von GPS Daten in die Kartenherstellungssoftware OCAD erstellt. Dabei liegt im theoretischen Teil der Hauptschwerpunkt auf nutzergenerierten Daten (Volunteered Geographic Infor-mation; kurz: VGI). Nach einer kurzen, allgemeinen Einführung wird auf die Bedeutung der Kartographie im Zusammenhang mit VGI eingegangen. Der zweite Teil beinhaltet Didaktik mit Schwerpunkt E-Learning. Dazu werden das Goal Based Scenario Modell und das Cognitive Apprenticeship Modell kurz vorgestellt und anschließend das Projekt GITTA mit der enthaltenen ECLASS-Struktur näher erklärt. Den immer wichtiger werdenden Content Management Systemen (CMS) widmet sich der dritte Theorieteil. Für die Realisierung der zu erstellenden Lektion wird das Open-Source CMS Joomla! ausführlicher erläutert. Die Implementierung beschreibt die Umsetzung der E-Leraning-Lektion mittels Joomla! und die Nutzung des ECLASS-Modells. Bevor auf die Vorgehensweise eingegangen wird, enthält der Implementierungsteil die Erstellung eines groben Gesamtkonzeptes für eine komplette E-Leraning-Anwendung zu OCAD mit entsprechenden Erläuterungen. Anschließend folgen eine Zusammenfassung und ein Ausblick über die Weiterführung der E-Learning-Anwendung.

現今視頻網站佔電腦使用者使用網路時數極大比例，在世界各地亦有越來越取代電視之勢，然而隨著視頻網站之風行，相關著作權問題亦隨之而生。特別是網路上不少行為常介於合理使用模糊空間，關於法律條文與案例事實之合致，常引發爭論。網路之精神著重分享，然而著作權之保護則屬於國家保護之一種排他權，其與分享之精神，某些時候會有所衝突，如何在網路時代運用著作權保護創作人，卻又不扼殺創意、公益使用，應有探討必要。是以本文將針對視頻網站上開相關問題，作一基本探討，並對外國與臺灣在視頻網站相關立法與案例作整理介紹，特別是美國法立法與相關案例，與我國法制、實務判決比較，並分析檢討後，提出具體看法，或可做為我國未來立法走向以及實務判決參考。 本文架構上，第一章為緒論，內容為研究動機與論文大致架構；第二章則就視頻網站現況與商務模式探討，期能鳥瞰全貌；第三章與第四章分別就視頻網站使用者與業者之責任探討，均以美國法與我國法為主，輔以中國大陸法規做比較與得失分析；第五章則論及新科技演進與著作權法制、法院判決之因應；第六張結論，最末章為參考文獻。

In this Bachelor’s essay we discuss whether eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth) is perceived as advertisement or as normal information, which is not influenced by any company, on the platform Facebook. The information which we were interested in is the one spread by normal users, and user’s perception of it. To find our results we have conducted a study in which we have used the method interview, which gives qualitative results. Our chosen selection group contains young adults with ages spreading from 19 to 24, mainly because the group with ages between 16 to 24 is the group with most users according to “Statistiska centralbyrån” (2011). Our result points towards that users perceive a dichotomy between Facebook’s advertising and information spread by other users. The factor of interest (of the users) is according to our findings important to get a potential customer interested in a product. The other factor which makes opinions more trustworthy is the relationship one has with the source of the information. The closer the friend, the more trustworthy the information is pursuant to our results. What this could mean in the future of marketing is hard to predict but our results and earlier research could point towards new marketing strategies for companies.

This thesis is a case study examining a user-generated content delivered to a newsroom of Metro daily and its subsequent evaluation, selection and utilization in printed edition of the newspaper. Their bold attempt of participatory journalism - online gallery of readers' photographs - remains one of the few successful examples of this type of alternative journalism in Czech media even after five years since its foundation. The first chapter provides necessary field context related to the demonopolization and deprofessionalization of journalism as well as to the transformation of the communication framework and the roles of the producer (journalist) and the user (recipient) of media content, furthermore some types of alternative journalism are listed and distinctively characterized. Secondly, a phenomenon of user-generated content (UGC) is described in detail, focusing on its specifics in relation to journalism and on selected examples of the UGC occurring in Czech media. Lastly, I present a research of readers' photos from May, August, November 2016 and February 2017. The content analysis is applied twice - to define a nature of the photographs, their purpose, topic and information quality; to detect which of those gets actually used and printed. The work also focuses directly on the authors of...

In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird eine Beispiel-E-Learning-Lektion zum Import von GPS Daten in die Kartenherstellungssoftware OCAD erstellt. Dabei liegt im theoretischen Teil der Hauptschwerpunkt auf nutzergenerierten Daten (Volunteered Geographic Infor-mation; kurz: VGI). Nach einer kurzen, allgemeinen Einführung wird auf die Bedeutung der Kartographie im Zusammenhang mit VGI eingegangen. Der zweite Teil beinhaltet Didaktik mit Schwerpunkt E-Learning. Dazu werden das Goal Based Scenario Modell und das Cognitive Apprenticeship Modell kurz vorgestellt und anschließend das Projekt GITTA mit der enthaltenen ECLASS-Struktur näher erklärt. Den immer wichtiger werdenden Content Management Systemen (CMS) widmet sich der dritte Theorieteil. Für die Realisierung der zu erstellenden Lektion wird das Open-Source CMS Joomla! ausführlicher erläutert. Die Implementierung beschreibt die Umsetzung der E-Leraning-Lektion mittels Joomla! und die Nutzung des ECLASS-Modells. Bevor auf die Vorgehensweise eingegangen wird, enthält der Implementierungsteil die Erstellung eines groben Gesamtkonzeptes für eine komplette E-Leraning-Anwendung zu OCAD mit entsprechenden Erläuterungen. Anschließend folgen eine Zusammenfassung und ein Ausblick über die Weiterführung der E-Learning-Anwendung.:Zusammenfassung III Aufgabenstellung IV Abbildungsverzeichnis V Tabellenverzeichnis V Abkürzungsverzeichnis VI Inhaltsverzeichnis VII Selbständigkeitserklärung IX 1. Einführung 10 1.1 Ziele 11 1.2 Hintergrund 11 2. Nutzergenerierte Daten 13 2.1 Einführung 13 2.2 Nutzergenerierte Daten in der Kartographie 14 2.3 Nutzergenerierte Daten in OCAD 22 3. Didaktik 26 3.1 Allgemeine Bedeutung 26 3.2 Lernen 26 3.3 Lernprozess 27 3.4 Lernen mit digitalen Medien 28 3.5 E-Learning 28 3.5.1 Was ist E-Learning? 28 3.5.2 E-Learning Modelle 29 3.5.3 Vorteile und Nachteile von E-Learning 32 3.6 Das Projekt GITTA 32 3.6.1 Übersicht 32 3.6.2 Entwicklung von Lernmaterialien 33 3.6.3 ECLASS Modell 34 4. Content Management Systeme 35 4.1 Einführung 35 4.2 Definitionen 36 4.3 Eigenschaften von CMS 37 4.4 Ausblick 38 4.5 Joomla! 4.5.1 Einführung 39 4.5.2 Geschichte 39 4.5.3 Versionen 40 4.5.4 Funktionen 41 4.5.5 Aufbau 42 4.5.6 Auswahlkriterien für CMS 43 5. Implementierung 44 5.1 Motivation 44 5.2 Modellerstellung 46 5.3 Wahl der zur Umsetzung nutzbaren Systeme 48 5.3.1 ECLASS-Modell 48 5.3.2 Joomla! 49 5.4 Umsetzung der Lektion in Joomla! 49 5.4.1 Vorbereitungen 50 5.4.2 Konzeptübertragung 51 6. Zusammenfassung 54 6.1 Zusammenfassung der Praktischen Arbeit 54 6.2 Ausblick 55 Literaturverzeichnis LVI Literaturquellen LVI Internetquellen LXII Anhang LXIV Anhang 1 - Gegenüberstellung ausgewählter kartographischer Funktionalitäten in Adobe Illustrator und OCAD LXV Anhang 2 - Abdruck der Beispiel E-Learning Lektion LXVII

User Generated Content (UGC) has boosted a high popularity since the birth of a wide range of web services allowing the distribution of such user-produced media content, whose patterns vary from textual information, photo galleries to videos on site. The boom of Internet of Things and the newly released HTML5 accelerate the development of multimedia patterns as well as the technology of distributing it. YouTube, as one of the most popular video sharing site, enjoys the top most numbers of video views and video uploads per day in the world. With the rapid growing of multimedia patterns as well as huge bandwidth demand from subscribers, the sheer volume of the traffic is going to severely strain the network resources.</p><p>Therefore, analyzing media streaming traffic patterns and cacheability in live IP-access networks today leads a hot issue among network operators and content providers. One possible solution could be caching popular contents with a high replay rate in a proxy server on LAN border or in users' terminals.</p><p>Based on the solution, this thesis project focuses on developing a measurement framework to associate network cacheability with video category and video duration under a typical Swedish municipal network. Experiments of focused parameters are performed to investigate potential user behavior rules. From the analysis of the results, Music traffic gets a rather ideal network gain as well as a remarkable terminal gain, indicating that it is more efficient to be stored close to end user. Film&Animation traffic, however, is preferable to be cached in the network due to its high net gain. Besides, it is optimal to cache the video clips with a length between 3 and 5 minutes, especially the Music and Film&Animation traffic. In addition, more than half of the replays occur during 16.00-24.00 and peak hours appear on average from 18.00 to 22.00. Lastly, only around 16% of the videos are global popular and very few heavy users tend to be local popular video viewers, depicting local limits and independent user interests

With the development of digital media, cooperation and communication with the audience has become a common practice of media organizations at the national and regional levels. Consumers of media content are now much more involved in working with media content, which they not only change and edit, but also help create. Gradually, the boundaries between the author and the audience are blurred. This diploma thesis deals with user-generated content in selected regional media in the Ústí nad Labem region. Specifically, it examines the use of user-generated content in the regional newsroom of Czech Television in Ústí nad Labem, in Děčínský deník and Mladá fronta Dnes Severní Čechy. The theoretical part brings the field context of changes in journalism with the advent of digital media and their impact on traditional journalism. Furthermore, the phenomenon of user-generated content, its definitions and specific examples from foreign and domestic television and print media are introduced. Using semi-structured interviews and quantitative content analysis, it describes and offers a detailed description of the work of selected regional media with user-generated content. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the state, method of processing and content of UGC in three selected regional media in the Ústí...

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