Duas coletâneas das novelas Noites em uma granja perto de Dikanka, de Nikolai Gógol (1809-1852), publicadas entre 1831 e 1832 e chamadas pelos pesquisadores de ucranianas, formaram o primeiro livro que trouxe o então jovem escritor à fama na sociedade literária russa. A obra, além de apresentar ao público o ainda pouco conhecido material etnográfico, ganhou destaque por formar uma complexa síntese das várias camadas literárias e culturais, colocando Noites dentro do sistema de várias oposições (romantismo/realismo; cristianismo/paganismo; catolicismo/ortodoxia, russo/europeu), sujeito à discussão até nossos dias. Nesta dissertação, discute-se a possível conexão das obras de Nikolai Gógol, em especial as suas novelas ucranianas, com a poética do romance gótico inglês, gênero popular e difundido na Rússia no início do século XIX. Tal circunstância proporcionou o vasto uso e adaptação dos procedimentos típicos góticos pelos autores russos na época gogoliana. Para mostrar isso, são procurados e analisados os traços recorrentes do gênero em questão, que mostram a evolução e a transformação do gótico em um novo território e na poética de Gógol em particular. Compõe, ainda, o volume desta dissertação a tradução de duas novelas gogolianas A noite da véspera do dia de Ivan Kupala (Vêtcher nakanune Ivana Kupala) e Uma noite de maio, ou uma moça afogada (Máiskaia notch, ili utóplennitsa). O critério de seleção dos textos em questão foi a presença marcante dos traços da tradição gótica. / Two collections of tales Evenings on a farm near Dikanka, by Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852), published between 1831 and 1832 and named by the researchers Ukrainian, formed the first book that brought a then young writer to fame in the Russian literary society. The work, aside from introducing to the public the yet little known ethnographic material, was highlighted for forming a complex synthesis of different cultural and literary layers, putting the Evenings into a system of various oppositions (romanticism/realism, Christianity/paganism, catholicism/orthodoxy, Russian/European), subject to a discussion until nowadays. This dissertation discusses a possible connection of Gogols works, especially his Ukrainian tales, with the poetics of English gothic romance, a popular and diffused genre in Russia in the beginning of the XIXth century. That circumstance conditioned the widespread use and adaptation of typical Gothic devices by the Russian authors during the gogolian era. To prove that, our work researches and analyses the recurrent traces of the genre in question, that show the evolution and transformation of Gothic in the new territory in general and in Gogols poetics in particular. This dissertation also presents the translation into Portuguese of two Gogols tales St. Johns Eve (Vecher nakanune Ivana Kupala) and May Night, or The Drowned Maiden (Mayskaya noch, ili Utoplennitsa). The selection criteria was the most outstanding presence of the Gothic traces in these texts.

O propósito desta dissertação é combinar tópicos de percolação e processo de contato para formular e obter resultados em um modelo de sistema de partículas que é inspirado no fenômeno de difusão de uma inovação em uma população estruturada. Mais precisamente, propomos uma cadeia de Markov a tempo contínuo definida na rede hipercúbica d-dimensional. Cada indivíduo da população deve estar em algum dos três estados pertencentes ao conjunto {0; 1; 2}. Nesse modelo, 0 representa ignorante, 1 consciente e 2 adotador. Serão estudados argumentos que permitam encontrar condições suficientes nas quais a inovação se espalha ou não com probabilidade positiva. Isto envolve o estudo de modelos de percolação e do processo de contato. / The purpose of this work is to combine percolation and contact process topics to formulate and achieve results in a particle system model that is inspired by the diffusion phenomenon of an innovation in a structured population. More precisely, we proposed a continuous time Markov chain defined in a population represented by the d-dimensional integer lattice. Each agent of population may be in any of the three states belonging to the set {0; 1; 2}. In this model, 0 stands for ignorant, 1 for aware and 2 for adopter. The arguments, that allow to obtain sufficient conditions under which the innovation either becomes extinct or survives with positive probability, will be studied. This involves the study of percolation models and contact process.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-14T11:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Custódio Rios.pdf: 368601 bytes, checksum: 9f08836ea8dd19314a14467dca19bcf8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T11:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Custódio Rios.pdf: 368601 bytes, checksum: 9f08836ea8dd19314a14467dca19bcf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work is to study a model of justice that can be objectively appropriated by modern democratic society, addressing the application of justice by the judiciary, providing a reflection on the meaning of some terms such as justice, a sense of justice and equity. To do this study will be used the theory of justice developed by John Rawls. We will seek to identify the applicability of John Rawls' theory of justice in judicial decisions, characterizing and highlighting the relevance of equity so that there is an appropriate and fair mechanism in conflict resolution. The research methodology used to carry out this dissertation is the bibliographical one with doctrinal and jurisprudential grounds, under a deductive and in some points inductive approach / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar um modelo de justiça que possa ser objetivamente apropriado pela sociedade democrática moderna abordando a aplicação da justiça pelo judiciário propiciando uma reflexão sobre a significação de alguns termos tais como justiça, senso de justiça, equidade. Para realizar esse estudo utilizar-se-á a teoria da justiça desenvolvida por John Rawls. Buscaremos identificar a aplicabilidade da teoria da justiça proposta por John Rawls nas decisões judiciais, caracterizando e evidenciando a relevância da equidade para que haja um mecanismo apropriado e justo nas soluções de conflitos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada para a realização dessa dissertação é a bibliográfica com fundamentação doutrinária e jurisprudencial, sob uma abordagem dedutiva e em alguns pontos indutiva

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinicius Milanez.pdf: 1438354 bytes, checksum: 792d4f5889dafba8c4e2f71a02c050a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-20 / The development of computer programs is a complex activity, characterized by costs and deadlines that are difficult to estimate. Requirements change frequently, resulting in products of variable reliability. Currently, there are no formal theories that completely address these underlying challenges. Several approaches have been used over time to achieve incremental progress, leading to a significant number of programming languages, development processes, and techniques. Test Driven Development (TDD) is a recently-developed approach which extends the human capabilities to develop computer programs by providing tools to mitigate the difficulties mentioned. Although TDD aggregates a set of support and control elements, it does not include mechanisms that directly help developers with deriving implementations from a set of requirements previously captured and analyzed. As result of this absence, difficulties in understanding its nature and to elaborate the software through independent modules can be observed, ultimately limiting the impact of TDD on the reliability of software. The objective of this research is to overcome the shortcomings mentioned, complementing Kent Beck s TDD proposal by introducing a modeling stage guided by Use Cases, following the ideas of Ivar Jacobson and Wirfs-Brock. Through this approach, assessed by a case study conducted together with industry professionals, enhancements in TDD usage experience could be observed, altering the manner in which this proposal is commonly understood, used and evaluated / Desenvolver programa de computador é uma atividade complexa, cujos custos e prazos são difíceis de serem estimados, caracterizada por requisitos mutantes e que resulta em produtos sem garantias plenas de funcionamento. No atual estado de desenvolvimento desta área de pesquisa, ainda não existe teoria que estabeleça as bases dos conhecimentos necessários a prover soluções a estes problemas. Diversas abordagens foram utilizadas ao longo do tempo a fim de encontrar meios que culminassem em avanços, originando um conjunto expressivo de linguagens de programação, processos e técnicas de desenvolvimento. Uma tentativa recente que intenciona estender as capacidades humanas de desenvolver programas de computador, provendo elementos que permitiriam amenizar essas dificuldades, é uma ferramenta intelectual chamada Test Driven Development (TDD). Embora agregue um conjunto de elementos de apoio e controle ao desenvolvimento, TDD não dispõe de mecanismos que auxiliem desenvolvedores a derivar implementações a partir de um conjunto de requisitos previamente capturados e analisados. Como resultado dessa ausência, observam-se dificuldades em avaliar sua natureza e em propor a elaboração do software em módulos independentes, tornando TDD uma ferramenta questionável. O objetivo desta pesquisa reside em superar as lacunas citadas, complementando a proposta de Kent Beck sobre TDD por meio da introdução de uma etapa de modelagem guiada por modelos casos de uso (Use Cases), seguindo as ideias de Ivar Jacobson e Wirfs-Brock. Por meio desta abordagem, avaliada por estudo de caso realizado em conjunto com profissionais da indústria, observou-se um aprimoramento da experiência de utilização de TDD, alterando a maneira pela qual essa proposta é comumente compreendida, utilizada e avaliada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Faro.pdf: 1281195 bytes, checksum: c9911fdaa9e737cccb2931f7d15fb1ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The language of video has been influencing the language of film; also, the relationship between cinema and video has been discussed by different authors. Based on these discussions, such as Arlindo Machado´s Pré-cinemas e Pós-cinemas (1997) and A Televisão Levada a Sério (2001), and Philippe Dubois s, in Cinema, Video, Godard (2004), as well as Raymond Bellour´s, in L´Entre-Images (1997), the article verifies how the language of video brought together the language of film and the language of music videos, and vice versa. In this context we want to analyze the encounter and the relationships between video, music videos and cinema. And identify the elements that bring these languages together contributing to the best understanding of contemporary tendencies / A linguagem do vídeo vem exercendo enorme influência na linguagem cinematográfica; e a relação entre cinema e vídeo tem sido discutida amplamente por diversos autores. A partir dessas discussões tais como as que Arlindo Machado propõe em Pré-cinemas e Pós-cinemas (1997) e A Televisão Levada a Sério (2001), as de Philippe Dubois, em Cinema, Vídeo, Godard (2004), e também as de Raymond Bellour, em Entre-Imagens (1997), a pesquisa verifica como a linguagem videográfica aproximou a linguagem do cinema à do vídeo clipe e vice-versa. Neste contexto, a pesquisa pretende analisar o filme Brilho Eterno de uma Mente sem Lembranças, e identificar nele os elementos de confluência entre as duas linguagens mencionadas, contribuindo assim para o melhor entendimento dessa tendência contemporânea. O procedimento metodológico a ser utilizado é o da análise da estrutura narrativa imagética com estipulações de elementos de comparabilidade entre as duas. Com base na reflexão feita por Cecília A. Salles em Redes de Criação: Construção da Obra de Arte (2006), pretende-se desenvolver uma análise não-linear das relações entre videoclipe e cinema em seus aspectos dinâmicos a partir de seus procedimentos de criação. A não-linearidade é um aspecto importante tanto do videoclipe como do filme contemporâneo; é, na verdade, uma das principais características para identificar a transformação na narrativa dessas formas culturais. A leitura não-linear e as relações estabelecidas entre ambas as linguagens permitem uma aproximação dos procedimentos de criação desses meios e um melhor entendimento sobre a forma como eles se relacionam a partir de suas características expressivas

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aurea Lucia Vendramini.pdf: 426775 bytes, checksum: 564553d1ce5ca6d797acb90f3cf07ad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-12 / The necessity of the application of climatic data for evaluation of energy performance in unifamiliares constructions if has become each more important time. Attempting against for this fact, one becomes necessary that these 0 variable are worked of form if to get resulted efficient. Studies in this area are very recent in Brazil and also exist a difficulty in the survey of the necessary registers. The present work used a method of degrees - days for an evaluation of the energy performance of a unifamiliar construction it showed - that in the conception of a project architectural it always must be taken in consideration of the materials used in the construction and size of the openings. The energy performance was gotten by means of the model of degrees - days, considering - the localization of the unifamiliar residence in, cities of Cascavel, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu and Londrina. For this the climatic data of such localities had been gotten and at as a moment, the energy performance of the construction was gotten the total coefficient of loss of heat in the unifamiliar construction daily pay-established evaluating thus the conditions of thermal comfort. The method of estimate based on the information of used temperature of air in this study can be applied to other geographic localities. It observed - that degrees - days of heating in the winter are of 77.78 for Curitiba and 0.00 for Foz do Iguaçu in the temperature base of 14°C. E degrees - days of cooling 30,17 in the winter. The energy consumed in Foz do Iguaçu to heat the residence is of 4650.07 kWh annual and the consumption of annual energy to heat the residence in Curitiba is of 6277.02 kWh, to change of 50% ITA in double glass. / A necessidade da aplicação de dados climáticos para avaliação de desempenho energético em edificações unifamiliares tem se tornado cada vez mais importante. Atentando para esse fato, é necessário que essas variáveis sejam trabalhadas de forma a se obter resultados eficazes. Estudos na área são muito recentes no Brasil e existe também uma dificuldade no levantamento dos registros necessários. O presente trabalho utilizou um método de graus dias para uma avaliação do desempenho energético de uma edificação unifamiliar que mostrou que na concepção de um projeto arquitetônico devem ser sempre considerados os materiais empregados na edificação e o tamanho das aberturas. O desempenho energético foi obtido por meio do modelo de graus dias, considerando se a localização da residência unifamiliar nas cidades de Cascavel, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu e Londrina. Para isso foram obtidos os dados climáticos dessas localidades e, em um segundo momento, foi obtido o coeficiente total de perda de calor na edificação unifamiliar pré-estabelecida avaliando-se assim as condições de conforto térmico o desempenho energético da edificação. O método de estimativa baseado nas informações de temperatura do ar usado neste estudo pode ser aplicado a outras localidades geográficas. Observou se que graus dias de aquecimento no inverno são de 77,78 para Curitiba e de 0,00 para Foz do Iguaçu na temperatura base de 14°C. E graus dias de resfriamento 30,17 no inverno. A energia consumida em Foz do Iguaçu para aquecer a residência é de 4650.07 kWh anual e o consumo de energia anual para aquecer a residência em Curitiba é de 6277.02 kWh, para trocas de 50% de ITA em vidros duplos.

Documento confidencial. Não pode ser disponibilizado para consulta / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Química. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2011

本研究旨在探討固網及行動電話業的雙網整合(Fixed-Mobile Convergence，簡稱FMC)，造就此一趨勢的市場背景及促成技術，影響此趨勢未來發展走向的因素，電信業界的實施方式，與手機製造業的機會。 為何要討論固網及行動電話的整合? 因為它是近兩、三年來全世界電信業界最重要的發展趨勢，是電信業與網際網路的碰撞及交融，電信業界的典範轉移，也是固網業與行動電話業的大競合。它會影響電信業版圖勢力的重整，電訊網路的變革，手機功能的調整，服務提供的方式，是整個「未來世代網路」(NGN: Next Generation Network)的核心議題。 什麼是固網及行動電話的整合? 簡單說來，是指在同一支手機或PDA上，既可接打一般行動電話，又可打網路電話(Mobile Voice over IP)。換言之，雙網整合的行動電話同時具備GSM與Wi-Fi兩種網路之接取能力，在Wi-Fi範圍內時打網路電話，不在時就仍用GSM打電話，由於網路電話通常免費或價錢很低，如此既得到良好通話品質，又享受最低通話費用。要做出這種產品與服務，除了需要手機製造端的技術整合外，電信業者也需整合其通訊網路技術，並更新服務模式，牽涉層面十分廣泛。 本研究發現，促成雙網整合的市場因素包括: (1) 有線電話逐漸被行動電話取代，固網業者為奪回市場佔有率，遂以雙網整合模式推出新的服務模式 (2) 行動電話電信業者希望降低客戶轉換率 (3) 電信業者增加收入的壓力 (4) 消費者簡化通訊方式的需求 而雙網整合的促成技術包括: (1) 「網路電話」(VoIP)技術的發展 (2) 無線寬頻技術的發展，固接式寬頻連線的普及 (3) 整合式手持通訊裝置的製造技術日益成熟，市場接受度高 如何實施雙網整合，固網電信業與行動電話電信業各有不同打算。純粹的固網電信業多選擇成為「虛擬行動電話業者」(Mobile Virtual Network Operator)，或與行動電話電信業策略聯盟，以取得後者在行動電話網路的接取能力。同時，它們以具備Wi-Fi接取點功能的「家用閘道」(Residential Gateway)，與Cellular/Wi-Fi雙網手機，提供家庭用戶雙網整合的服務。在未來電信網路設備的選擇上，多傾向採用符合IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)標準的產品。 行動電話電信業者則多選擇UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)技術，在其基地台建設中，加入UMA網路控制器，並提供UMA雙網整合手機與服務給用戶。目前有多家行動電話電信業者在測試此技術與服務模式。如果採用UMA技術，未來如何與IMS技術接軌，會是行動電話電信業者需要考量的議題。 未來會影響雙網整合發展的因素則為: (1) 標準的採用: 雙網整合相關的標準包括SIP (Session Initiation Protocal)，UMA與IMS等。SIP與UMA目前已有產品問市，IMS則有待未來。 (2) 電信業者的經營模式是否成功，即推出的雙網整合服務的產品與價位，是否足以吸引消費者換機，與學習新的使用模式 (3) Wi-Fi/Cellular雙網手機有耗電量，通話品質，使用方法友善程度等問題，這些是消費者能否接受的關鍵因素 (4) 企業界整合語音通訊與資料通訊的意願及速度，並將辦公室交換機昇級至IP PBX的決心。企業界將會是雙網整合技術最早的採用者，其使用經驗將對一般消費者有很大影響力。 雙網整合的真正主角，是具備雙網整合能力的智慧型手機。手機製造業者在此趨勢中的市場機會包括:UMA雙網手機，SIP Wi-Fi單網手機，SIP Wi-Fi/Cellular雙網手機等。但要製造這些手機，需解決許多技術問題，包括:數位語音壓縮/解壓縮方法，回音消除處理，Wi-Fi耗電問題，Wi-Fi通訊之安全保護機制，使用者介面整合，互通性測試等等。再加上雙網整合的遊戲規則是由電信業者制定，如何使手機與電信業者的服務模式搭配完美，是一大挑戰。 雙網整合目前仍在發展階段，相關的標準、技術、產品、與服務皆未臻成熟，非常值得持續的研究與觀察。 / “Fixed-mobile convergence” (FMC) is the theme of study in this research. This research attempts to find out: 1) the “Pull” forces coming from the market demand for FMC solutions; 2) the “Push” forces of the enabling technologies that make FMC possible; 3) the factors that will impact FMC’s future; 4) how the carriers are deploying FMC; and, 5) FMC-related opportunities for the mobile phone manufacturers. FMC is about the convergence of telecommunication world and the Internet world. It is the former’s endeavor to benefit from Internet’s low cost, and richness in online services. It stems from the business battle for market share between the fixed network operators and the mobile operators, and it will affect the future power span of these operators. FMC trend includes the following aspects: terminal devices, services, business models, and network technologies. It is so crucial in forming the telecommunication industry’s future, which makes it the core subject of Next Generation Network implementation. FMC is the enablement of mobile phones to use fixed network technologies, such as Wi-Fi network, corporate LANs, IP PBXs, and so on. A Wi-Fi/Cellular dual-mode mobile phone has telephony capability on both Wi-Fi network via mobile VoIP (Voice over IP) technology, and on cellular (such as GSM) network. When the end user is within the Wi-Fi hot spot coverage, the voice communication will be on top of IP. When the user is out of Wi-Fi coverage, then the phone calls are running on cellular network. For the consumers, this technology promises “any time, any where” ubiquitous connectivity and mobility, while at the lowest possible price, since VoIP is normally free or has very low cost. To deploy such products & services, the operators have both technical & business issues to deal with. Based on the findings of this research, the market demand which accelerates converging mobile & fixed network include:  Fixed-mobile substitution (FMS), which means people are using mobile phones more often than fixed-line phones. In many Western European countries, about one third of the household do not install fixed phone lines any more. They only use mobile phones as communication vehicle. Under such circumstances, fixed-line operators are forced to fight back for their market share. FMC is one of such strategies for launching new products and services to win back the end customers.  Mobile operators need to lower the subscriber churn rate, for which they are losing customers. In the United States and some areas in Europe, mobile phone coverage in residential area is unsatisfactory, due to the high cost of building up cellular infrastructure to cover vast space. This is the main reason for the subscribers to switch operators, for the mobile operators, FMC seems a logical solution. Since household penetration rate of high-speed broadband access is high in US, Europe, and many Asian countries, with a Wi-Fi access point and Wi-Fi/cellular dual mode phone, even when the cellular signal strength is weak at home, the user is still able to make phone calls using Mobile VoIP technology on Wi-Fi. This is the origin of UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access) technology and standard, which mobile operators are pursuing.  All network operators are under constant pressure for growing their revenue, since voice service has quickly become a commodity when flat-rate tariff model is getting prevalent. With FMC solution, mobile operators could earn back the users who are attracted away by the low cost of Internet telephony. For fixed-line operators, FMC is a mechanism for providing packaged deal of broadband access and dual-mode mobile phones. More over, they could provide “quadruple play” services to support IP TV, Video on Demand, and other Internet services to increase their revenue.  “Less is more” mentality of the consumers. Most consumers or working people nowadays have at least three telephone numbers: home phone, office phone, and mobile phone. Each one of them has its own phone bill, voice mail box, and phone book. Some people even have e-mail account, instant message account, and Internet telephony account (such as Skype screen name). The mobility or interchange between these mechanisms of communication, and to manage them is becoming complex. The consumers are asking the mobile operators to integrate their services and phone bills, which again, pulls the operator to FMC solutions. The following are the enabling technologies that facilitate the development of FMC. Without these technologies, FMC can not take root in the telecommunication industry, and generate commercial products in the future.  VoIP (Voice over IP). VoIP service, products, and PC-based software clients have flourished in the past several years along with the exponential growth of the Internet. With the success of Vonage (pure-play VoIP service provider) and Skype (peer-to-peer internet telephony network based on PC), internet telephony has entered the main stream. Network operators that seek to lower the operation cost are turning to this technology as well. Mobile VoIP over EVDO, HSDPA, Wi-Fi, & WiMAX are getting a lot of attention recently since it can help to reduce the tariff, thus attract more users. For Mobile VoIP technologies to secure its market foothold, many issues need to be tackled, such as AEC, voice codec (compression & decompression), jitter buffer handling, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) stack and RTP (Real-time Protocal) stack handling, power consumption, telephony UI integration, and so on.  High density of wireless broadband network such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, and wide spread availability of wired broadband access such as xDSL and FTTH in school campus, office buildings, hot spots, transportation hubs, and homes, lay the foundation of FMC. Without such infrastructure, FMC can not thrive. With the combination of both wireless and wired broadband accessibility, Wi-Fi/cellular dual mode phone becomes practical and useful to the general public.  Converged handheld devices with multiple functionalities like push e-mail, PIM (Personal Information Management), Camera, SMS/MMS, internet browsing, phone book, Calendar, and so on, are getting very popular among business professionals in the last two, three years. With the advent of 3G network, data transmission need for email and SMS, more than voice, has increased peoples’ appetite for more powerful devices. Smartphones or PDA Phones that use open operating system such as Windows Mobile, Linux, or Symbian, have become powerful productivity and connectivity tools that cater to consumers’ needs, and have gained great success. The market demand helped to increase the sales volume, and drive down the unit price, which in turns stimulate more buyers. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi capabilities are newly added functions that further facilitates mobile VoIP in an economical way. Once the phone makers have taken care of issues like AEC (Acoustic Echo Cancellation), voice codec (compression/decompression), power consumption, integrated user interface for telephony, CPU loading, GSM/Wi-Fi handover, and so on, the Wi-Fi/Cellular dual-mode phone are taking the center stage of FMC. The factors that will impact the future direction of FMC:  Uncertainty of the FMC-related standards, especially for UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access). UMA was adopted as FMC solution mostly by the mobile operators, however, it was considered as an intermediate solution toward IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), which so far was mainly adopted by fixed-line operators. UMA-compliant products are yet to be launched and proved by the market in the later half of year 2006, its fate uncertain at this moment. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is now de facto standard for VoIP, yet its implementation has many variations depending on the vendor. As for IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), its standardization process is still undergoing, VCC (Voice Call Continuity) specification is not final yet, the commercialization of IMS could take another two to four years. With all these standards evolving, both consumers and businesses could hesitate in their purchase decisions, and this may impose negative effect on FMC.  Business model of the operators. How they are going to launch FMC service, at what price, with which handheld device, will affect the end customers’ willingness to purchase. They need to provide good incentives for the end users to switch to the new dual-mode phone, and the UI needs to be intuitive enough to shorten the learning curve, and at attractive price.  As described above, the quality of the handset itself plays a critical role on the future of FMC, and its user friendliness and benefits will define the development of FMC.  How fast the enterprises will upgrade their PBX and networking facilities to integrate outbound data and voice communication. VoIP, IP PBX/Centrex, office software, and phone vendors are working together now to provide the enterprises “premised-based” FMC solutions. These solutions promise the executives more efficient administration of the phone bills, better productivity of the employees, and better customer relationship, and so on. Enterprises are the early adopters and test beds for FMC. If they find it useful, it will be helpful for the sales and distribution to the home and personal market. FMC deployment strategy varies from one operator to the other. Pure-play wired operators tend to become MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator), or at least to have alliance with the mobile operators, so that they could get access to the mobile network infrastructure. Since wireline operators in most cases are also suppliers of broadband service to the home, they will take advantage of this infrastructure, and provide residential gateway (e.g. Wi-Fi access point) and Cellular/Wi-Fi dual-mode mobile phone as the FMC solution for the home market. In preparing for future, they tend to select IMS-compliant network equipments. Mobile Operators prefer UMA technology as FMC solution. It is comparatively simple in deployment in the network. Quite a few mobile operators are now in trial run of UMA. In the future, how to migrate UMA to IMS will be a challenge for those who adopt the former. For the mobile phone makers, FMC trend indicates the market opportunity of: UMA dual-mode phone, SIP Wi-Fi single-mode phone, and SIP Wi-Fi/Cellular dual-mode phone. Yet, unlike general purpose consumer market, these FMC phones need to be tied hand-in-hand with the operators for better integration of services and tariff plans. If these solutions are targeted at the enterprises, the phone makers need to work with IP PBX vendors as well. How to work with these parties, and come out good, integrated phones, is a great challenge. Fixed-mobile convergence is still evolving in the telecommunication world, with many vendors and parties involved, and each has its unique way of FMC implementation and business model. How it will turn out takes continuous research and observation. Due to its scale and influence for the future, the effort will definitely be worthwhile.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Early lactation in dairy cows involves metabolic changes, being mobilization of corporal reserves very common. So the objective of this work is to study indexes of negative energetic balance in dairy cows on early lactation, in two different energy levels. For this, 20 cows were distributed in a randomized complete block design, resulting in 2 treatments: T1 one milking per day for 8 weeks on the beginning of lactation and T2 two milkings for the same period of time. In animals, it was measured live weight, body condition scoring, skinfold thickness, being also collected blood samples for non-esterified fatty acids, urea, glucose, acetoacetate and Dβ-Hydroxybutirate analyses. It was also realized urea dilution measurements. As a result dry matter intake wasn´t different between treatments, milk production and milk solids in kg were lower for T1. For differences analyses T1 resulted in a better energy balance for the treatment period (P = 0.0002), obtaining the opposite result for residual period (P = 0.0423). Talking about corporal characteristics, corporal protein was statistically different between the treatments only for residual period, being higher for T1 (P = 0.0463), meanwhile in blood measures, non-esterified fatty acids (P = 0.0352) and Dβ-Hydroxybutirate (P = 0.0004), were lower for T1, for treatment period. Dβ-Hydroxybutirate didn´t show relation with energy balance, so more studies must be done. / Período inicial da lactação em vacas leiteiras envolve várias modulações a nível metabólico, sendo mobilização de reservas corporais característico neste momento. Portanto, o objetivo com este trabalho é estudar indicadores de balanço energético negativo em vacas leiteiras em período inicial de lactação, mantidas sob dois níveis de balanço energético. Para isso, 20 vacas foram arranjadas em um delineamento blocos ao acaso, sendo aplicados dois tratamentos: T1 uma ordenha diária durante oito semanas iniciais de lactação; T2 duas ordenhas diárias durante oito semanas iniciais de lactação. Nos animais foi determinado peso vivo, escore de condição corporal, espessura de gordura subcutânea; sendo ainda coletadas amostras de sangue, para análise de ácidos graxos não esterificados, ureia, glicose, acetoacetato e Dβ-Hidroxibutirato. Técnica de diluição de ureia também foi realizada. Consumo de matéria seca não diferiu entre os grupos. Produção de leite e kilogramas de sólidos foram menores para T1. Pelas análises das diferenças T1 apresentou melhor balanço energético em período de tratamento (P = 0,0002), invertendo a relação para o período residual (P = 0,0423). Para as características corporais, proteína corporal diferiu no período residual sendo maior para T1 (P = 0,0463), já das mensurações sanguíneas, ácidos graxos não esterificados (P = 0,0352) e Dβ-Hidroxibutirato (P = 0,0004) foram menores no período de tratamento em T1. Dβ-Hidroxibutirato não apresentou relação com balanço energético, assim mais estudos deverão ser realizados.

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2017-08-15T16:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / CAPES / A presente dissertação visa a compreender os impactos do diagnóstico do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade – TDAH, na vida diária de uma criança diagnosticada. O estudo está embasado em autores que refletem acerca do processo de escolarização de maneira complexa, a partir da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional em uma perspectiva crítica. Há neste estudo um enfoque, sobretudo, nos diagnósticos psicológicos aos quais as crianças são submetidas, situando-os no contexto histórico. Traremos a visão da ciência dominante para o TDAH e suas interpretações sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento para o suposto “transtorno”. Em seguida, apresentaremos o percurso histórico de construção do TDAH, bem como uma análise crítica da Medicalização da Educação e caminhos para sua superação. Desse modo, pretendemos identificar aspectos vivenciados na vida diária da criança diagnosticada com TDAH e compreender os impactos encontrados nessas vivências. Para tanto, será utilizada a metodologia qualitativa com base em um estudo de caso. Nesta trajetória metodológica, mostramos a proposta inicial da pesquisa de campo e suas mudanças ocorridas após imersão no mesmo. Um campo permeado de vivências que atravessam um complexo processo de fracasso escolar de uma criança. Posto isso, são explanados os elementos trazidos com a pesquisa de campo. Por fim, tecemos discussões acerca dos elementos identificados na construção do diagnóstico da criança e em seguida problematizaremos intervenções. Espera-se, com a pesquisa, contribuir para que estudantes e profissionais da Psicologia e da Educação possam realizar uma leitura crítica do TDAH, analisando o fenômeno da medicalização. / ABSTRACT This work aims to understand the impact of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder / Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD, the daily life of a diagnosed child. The study is grounded in authors who reflect on the complex way schooling, from the School and Educational Psychology in a critical perspective. There is a focus in this study, especially in psychological diagnoses to which children are subjected, placing them in historical context. We will bring the vision of mainstream science for ADHD and their interpretations about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment for the supposed "disorder". Then we present the historical course of ADHD building as well as a critical analysis of medicalization of education and ways to overcome them. Thus, we intend to identify experienced aspects of daily life of children diagnosed with ADHD and understand the impacts found in these experiences. Therefore, the qualitative methodology based on a case study will be used. This methodological approach, we show the initial proposal of field research and its changes after immersion in it. A field riddled with experiences that go through a complex process of school failure of a child. That said, they are explained the elements brought to the field research. Finally, we weave discussions on the elements identified in the construction of the child's diagnosis and then we question interventions. It is hoped, through research, contribute to students and professionals of Psychology and Education can make a critical reading of ADHD, analyzing the medicalization phenomenon.