A previsão hidrológica é um processo estocástico dependente de fatores aleatórios, e, por si só, possui incertezas, porém, como a descarga sólida de um rio se correlaciona com a vazão por uma relação do tipo potência, na previsão do assoreamento de reservatório estas incertezas são maximizadas. Métodos empíricos e semi-empíricos de previsão de assoreamento negligenciam importantes fenômenos hidráulicos que regem o comportamento instantâneo do transporte de sedimentos. Incertezas e erros na estimativa da vida útil de reservatórios na fase de estudo de viabilidade é prejudicial ao processo decisório de qual reservatório e/ou se o reservatório deve ser construído. A pesquisa identificou os mecanismos de como a variabilidade hidrológica influencia a previsão do assoreamento de reservatórios por meio de casos idealizados e validação das hipóteses em estudo de caso, também foi proposto um fluxograma de atividades para a previsão de assoreamento capaz de reduzir incertezas inerentes a estes estudos, pautado na modelagem hidrodinâmica de transporte de sedimentos, ferramentas de hidrologia estatística e uso de múltiplos cenários, o Procedimento Metodológico para Redução de Incertezas na Previsão do Assoreamento de Reservatórios (PRIPAR - NH). Identificou-se que: séries de vazões com maior variabilidade resultam em um aporte de sedimento maior quando comparado à somatório de seu valor médio, e quanto maior a variabilidade maior o aporte resultante; séries com mesmo aporte de sedimentos e maior parte nos primeiros anos do reservatório resultam em assoreamento mais rápido devido a relativa alta Eficiência de Retenção de sedimentos nos primeiros anos e sua redução com a evolução do assoreamento; e, comprovou-se que modelos estocásticos para geração de séries sintéticas produzirão séries ligeiramente diferentes caso aplicados mais de uma vez, mesmo quando utilizando parâmetros de calibração iguais, causando significativa diferença na previsão do assoreamento. O PRIPAR - NH foi aplicado no estudo de caso do reservatório da PCH Mogi-Guaçu. Os 50 cenários analisados suportam a hipótese, apresentando amplitude de 12,4% do volume assoreado calculado, com média de 48,1% de seu volume em 50 anos. / The hydrologic forecast is a stochastic process that relays on a random factor. It present uncertainties by itself, but when used for reservoir sedimentation studies this uncertain are maximized due the fact that sediment load relates with flow discharge by a power type function. Empirical and semi-empirical methods for reservoir sedimentation forecast, widely used in Brazil, neglects important hydraulic phenomena that governs the instantaneous sediment transport behavior. Uncertainties and errors in reservoirs useful life estimation during feasibility studies are detrimental for the process of choosing which reservoir should be build and/or if the reservoir should be build. This study identified how hydrologic forecast and flow variability affects reservoir sedimentation studies, by means of hypothetical ideal scenarios and validations of the hypothesis in a study case. It also proposed a process flowchart for reservoir sedimentation studies able reduces uncertainty by the use of sediment transport modelling, statistical tools applied in hydrology and multiple scenarios, the PRIPAR-NH. It was identified that: as the degree of variability in flow data series increases, sediment loads also increase in comparison with the value calculated by the average flow; for the same sediment income, data series that presents most part of the sediment loads in the early years of the reservoir operation presents a faster sedimentation, it is explained by the fact the sediment Trap Efficiency reduces along the time due the reservoir storage capacity loss; and, it was proved that stochastic model will produce different data series if applied more than once, even when using the same calibration parameters, and it affects significantly the sedimentation forecast results. The PRIPAR-NH was applied to assess the sedimentation in Mogi-Guaçu Hydropower reservoir. The 50 analyzed scenarios support the study main hypotheses, presenting results for sedimentation volume ranging in 12.4%. The average sedimentation volume found was 48.1% for a 50 years scenario.

A previsão hidrológica é um processo estocástico dependente de fatores aleatórios, e, por si só, possui incertezas, porém, como a descarga sólida de um rio se correlaciona com a vazão por uma relação do tipo potência, na previsão do assoreamento de reservatório estas incertezas são maximizadas. Métodos empíricos e semi-empíricos de previsão de assoreamento negligenciam importantes fenômenos hidráulicos que regem o comportamento instantâneo do transporte de sedimentos. Incertezas e erros na estimativa da vida útil de reservatórios na fase de estudo de viabilidade é prejudicial ao processo decisório de qual reservatório e/ou se o reservatório deve ser construído. A pesquisa identificou os mecanismos de como a variabilidade hidrológica influencia a previsão do assoreamento de reservatórios por meio de casos idealizados e validação das hipóteses em estudo de caso, também foi proposto um fluxograma de atividades para a previsão de assoreamento capaz de reduzir incertezas inerentes a estes estudos, pautado na modelagem hidrodinâmica de transporte de sedimentos, ferramentas de hidrologia estatística e uso de múltiplos cenários, o Procedimento Metodológico para Redução de Incertezas na Previsão do Assoreamento de Reservatórios (PRIPAR - NH). Identificou-se que: séries de vazões com maior variabilidade resultam em um aporte de sedimento maior quando comparado à somatório de seu valor médio, e quanto maior a variabilidade maior o aporte resultante; séries com mesmo aporte de sedimentos e maior parte nos primeiros anos do reservatório resultam em assoreamento mais rápido devido a relativa alta Eficiência de Retenção de sedimentos nos primeiros anos e sua redução com a evolução do assoreamento; e, comprovou-se que modelos estocásticos para geração de séries sintéticas produzirão séries ligeiramente diferentes caso aplicados mais de uma vez, mesmo quando utilizando parâmetros de calibração iguais, causando significativa diferença na previsão do assoreamento. O PRIPAR - NH foi aplicado no estudo de caso do reservatório da PCH Mogi-Guaçu. Os 50 cenários analisados suportam a hipótese, apresentando amplitude de 12,4% do volume assoreado calculado, com média de 48,1% de seu volume em 50 anos. / The hydrologic forecast is a stochastic process that relays on a random factor. It present uncertainties by itself, but when used for reservoir sedimentation studies this uncertain are maximized due the fact that sediment load relates with flow discharge by a power type function. Empirical and semi-empirical methods for reservoir sedimentation forecast, widely used in Brazil, neglects important hydraulic phenomena that governs the instantaneous sediment transport behavior. Uncertainties and errors in reservoirs useful life estimation during feasibility studies are detrimental for the process of choosing which reservoir should be build and/or if the reservoir should be build. This study identified how hydrologic forecast and flow variability affects reservoir sedimentation studies, by means of hypothetical ideal scenarios and validations of the hypothesis in a study case. It also proposed a process flowchart for reservoir sedimentation studies able reduces uncertainty by the use of sediment transport modelling, statistical tools applied in hydrology and multiple scenarios, the PRIPAR-NH. It was identified that: as the degree of variability in flow data series increases, sediment loads also increase in comparison with the value calculated by the average flow; for the same sediment income, data series that presents most part of the sediment loads in the early years of the reservoir operation presents a faster sedimentation, it is explained by the fact the sediment Trap Efficiency reduces along the time due the reservoir storage capacity loss; and, it was proved that stochastic model will produce different data series if applied more than once, even when using the same calibration parameters, and it affects significantly the sedimentation forecast results. The PRIPAR-NH was applied to assess the sedimentation in Mogi-Guaçu Hydropower reservoir. The 50 analyzed scenarios support the study main hypotheses, presenting results for sedimentation volume ranging in 12.4%. The average sedimentation volume found was 48.1% for a 50 years scenario.

In today’s competitive market, a company will not succeed unless they stand out in other ways than pure benefits with its products. This can be reached by in some way altering the process currently in place. One way, is by introducing process innovation. Advantages related to the adoption of process innovation has been found in literature, for example by increase competitiveness, increase productivity, and increase plant visibility. However, process innovation evokes uncertainty. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models has in previous research been suggested as a tool to reduce uncertainty at manufacturing companies when they are undergoing changes. However, the study of change in process innovation setting has been largely ignored. By acknowledging this gap in current research, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of DES models are able to reduce uncertainties in process innovation. The study is guided by three research questions: 1. What are the characteristics of process innovation introduction in a production process context? 2. How is the production process at manufacturing companies affected by process innovation related uncertainties? 3. How can the usage of DES contribute to reduction of uncertainties during the introduction of process innovation at manufacturing companies? In order to answer these questions, a research methodology consisting of a literature review and a case study including the usage of DES were applied. In this thesis the case study is conducted at a manufacturing company, presented with the goal of making a modification in the production. This is done in an attempt to make it more environmental friendly while also establish a competitive edge over the rivals. To reach this, an implementation of a process innovation technology is under planning, but introducing something new creates numerous uncertainties. To be able to implement this process innovation, uncertainty reduction is crucial. By identify literature within the field, and compare with findings from interviews and workshops at the studied company, process innovation characteristics and how process innovation evokes uncertainties were identified. From the usage DES in this thesis, uncertainties were reduced, partly reduced and identified while some uncertainties remain unresolved. Moreover, the findings point to the creation of the simulation model working as a visualisation of the current production and the possible future, which generates a discussion platform for all stakeholders involved. / I den nuvarande konkurrenskraftiga marknaden har ett företag många utmaningar ifall de vill lyckas. Det räcker nämligen inte längre med att ha bra produkter utan de måste också förbättras på andra sätt. Ett sätt att uppnå detta på, är att genomföra förändringar i den nuvarande produktionen, en metod för detta är introducera en processinnovation på företaget. Under detta arbete har fördelarna relaterade till processinnovation upptäckts i befintlig litteratur, till exempel genom att ökad konkurrentskraftighet, produktivitet och synlighet för fabriken. Dessvärre framkallar implementeringen av en processinnovation osäkerheter. Diskret händelse simulering (DES) modeller har i tidigare forskning föreslagits som ett verktyg för at minska osäkerheter i tillverkningsföretag, medan de planerar att genomgår en förändring. Forskning om hur simulering hanterar fabriker som genomgår en processinnovation har i hög grad ignorerats. De här studien har för avsikt att undersöka just det området där nuvarande forskning brister, nämligen om ifall DES modeller kan minska osäkerheter i processinnovationer. Tre forskningsfrågor har tagits fram för att styra arbetet: 1. Vilka kännetecken har introduktionen av processinnovation i en produktionsprocess kontext? 2. Hur påverkas produktionsprocess hos tillverkande företag av de osäkerheter som processinnovation medför? 3. Hur kan DES användas för att bidra till minskandet av osäkerheter i tillverkande företag som introducerar processinnovation? För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes an litteraturstudie och en fallstudie som innehöll simulering. Fallstudien som utfördes på ett tillverkningsföretag som är i planeringsstadiet för att införa en processinnovation. Innovationen har för avsikt att göra produktionen mer miljövänlig och samtidigt skapa en fördel över konkurrenterna. Nuvarande planering är fylld av osäkerheter eftersom tillägget av någonting nytt alltid gör det. Därför är reduceringen av osäkerheter avgörande för att en implementering ska kunna genomföras Genom att identifiera forskning inom området, och jämföra den med resultat från företagsrelaterade intervjuer och workshops, identifierade kännetecken på processinnovation och hur processinnovation skapar osäkerheter. Genom att använda DES i examensarbetet, minskades antalet osäkerheter, till fullo och delvis, och nya osäkerheter identifierades. Dessutom visar resultat på studien att simulering kan användas som ett visualiseringsverktyg för att skapa en diskussionsplattform angående framtida förändringar i produktionen.

Kunskaper inom området organisationssocialisation bygger mestadels på studier genomförda i relativt stabila organisationsmiljöer. Med utgångspunkt i att dagens arbetsliv snarare karaktäriseras av förändring och utveckling ser vi dock ett behov av kompletterande studier. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur vår studie riktade sig därför till att undersöka hur socialisationen av nyanställda ser ut i nyskapade verksamheter med avsikt att utveckla kunskap om hur nyanställda på en sådan verksamhet utvecklas i sina roller till att bli fullvärdiga medlemmar. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare inom en verksamhet vilken betraktas som nystartad. Med utgångspunkt i ett teoretiskt perspektiv om osäkerhetsreducering framkommer tre centrala fynd. I studien framgår det att de nyanställda funnit väldigt starka band och sociala relationer till varandra, av den anledningen att det saknats annan tidigare anställd personal och samtliga nyanställda såg sig själva kliva in i organisationen som en gemenskap. Organisationskulturens ostadiga karaktär var något som bidrog till ett proaktivt beteende hos noviserna där de i den nya verksamheten, tillsammans med andra nya anställda, i högre grad fick driva sin egen socialisering med stöd och bekräftelse av varandra i hanteringen av osäkerheter som präglat både deras och verksamhetens första tid. / Knowledge in the field of organizational socialization is mostly based on studies conducted in relatively stable organizational environments. Based on the fact that today's working life is rather characterized by change and development, we see a need for supplementary studies. The purpose of this study has been to investigate how socialization of new employees looks like in newly created businesses, with the intention of developing knowledge on how new employees in such businesses are shaped in their role to become a worthy member of the organization. The study was conducted with the help of semi-structured interviews with employees in a business considered to be newly started. Based on a theoretical perspective of uncertainty reduction, three key findings emerged. The study shows that the new employees found very strong associations and social relations with each other. Because of the lack of other previously employed staff, all new employees saw themselves stepping into the organization as a community. The unstable nature of the organizational culture was something that contributed to a proactive behavior of the novices, where in the new business together with other new employees, they were more likely to pursue their own socialization with support and confirmation of each other in dealing with uncertainties that characterized both their and the business' first time.

The aim of this study is to widen the sociological knowledge about how gatekeepers make selections, in contexts characterized by uncertainty. This is examined through the dance world as empirical case, based on the question “How do gatekeepers orientate themselves in the uncertainty that characterizes decision-making around which dance artists should be assigned dance residencies?”. The empirical material is collected through semi-structured interviews with five individuals who participate in selection processes for dance residencies within different organizations. The theoretical framework consists of the idea of art worlds as cooperative networks built up by conventions, the uncertainty principle and ideal types for uncertainty reduction; institutionalization, decision, valuation and competition. Furthermore, gatekeeping is used as a central concept.  Lack of resources combined with the fact that the selection framework opens up to multiple interpretations are factors that contribute to uncertainty. The processes are further complicated by the gatekeeper's awareness of power. Gatekeepers use valuation as uncertainty reduction by seeking consensus in selection groups, taking into account the artists' previous work in the dance world, and by trusting the own experience. Furthermore, gatekeepers strive for institutionalization as uncertainty reduction. Competition is a less prominent feature, but works to reduce uncertainty in one of the organizations through the "first come, first served" principle. Decision can function as a last resort when the valuation work of the selection groups has reached the end of the road. / Denna studie syftar till att vidga den sociologiska kunskapen kring hur gatekeepers urvalsprocesser går till, i kontexter där det råder osäkerhet. Detta undersöks genom dansvärlden som empiriskt fall, utifrån frågeställningen ”Hur orienterar sig gatekeepers i osäkerheten som präglar beslutsfattandet kring vilka danskonstnärer som ska tilldelas dansresidens?. Empirin har insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem individer som deltar i urvalsprocesser för dansresidens inom olika organisationsformer. Det teoretiska ramverket består av idén om konstvärldar som kooperativa nätverk uppbyggda av konventioner, osäkerhetsprincipen samt idealtyper för osäkerhetsreducering; institutionalisering, bestämmande, värdering och tävling. Vidare används gatekeeping som centralt begrepp.  De främsta faktorerna som bidrar till osäkerhet i urvalen är dansvärldens resursbrist samt att urvalens ramverk öppnar för flera tolkningar. Processerna försvåras ytterligare av gatekeepers maktmedvetenhet. Gatekeepers använder värdering som osäkerhetsreducering genom att söka konsensus i urvalsgrupper, genom att beakta konstnärernas tidigare verksamhet i dansvärlden, samt genom att lägga tilltro till den egna erfarenheten. Vidare strävar gatekeepers efter institutionalisering som osäkerhetsreducering. Tävling är ett mindre framträdande drag, men fungerar osäkerhetsreducerande i en av organisationerna genom ”först till kvarn”-principen. Bestämmande kan fungera som en sista utväg när urvalsgruppernas värderingsarbete nått vägs ände.

Simulations and modeling of large-scale systems are vital to understanding real world phenomena. However, even advanced numerical models can only approximate the true physics. The discrepancy between model results and nature can be attributed to different sources of uncertainty including the parameters of the model, input data, or some missing physics that is not included in the model due to a lack of knowledge or high computational costs. Uncertainty reduction approaches seek to improve the model accuracy by decreasing the overall uncertainties in models. Aiming to contribute to this area, this study explores uncertainty quantification and reduction approaches for complex physical problems. This study proposes several novel probabilistic and statistical approaches for identifying the sources of uncertainty, modeling the errors, and reducing uncertainty to improve the model predictions for large-scale simulations. We explore different computational models. The first class of models studied herein are inherently stochastic, and numerical approximations suffer from stability and accuracy issues. The second class of models are partial differential equations, which capture the laws of mathematical physics; however, they only approximate a more complex reality, and have uncertainties due to missing dynamics which is not captured by the models. The third class are low-fidelity models, which are fast approximations of very expensive high-fidelity models. The reduced-order models have uncertainty due to loss of information in the dimension reduction process. We also consider uncertainty analysis in the data assimilation framework, specifically for ensemble based methods where the effect of sampling errors is alleviated by localization. Finally, we study the uncertainty in numerical weather prediction models coming from approximate descriptions of physical processes. / Ph. D. / Computational models are used to understand the behavior of the natural phenomenon. Models are used to approximate the evolution of the true phenomenon or reality in time. We obtain more accurate forecast for the future by combining the model approximation together with the observation from reality. Weather forecast models, oceanography, geoscience, etc. are some examples of the forecasting models. However, models can only approximate the true reality to some extent and model approximation of reality is not perfect due to several sources of error or uncertainty. The noise in measurements or in observations from nature, the uncertainty in some model components, some missing components in models, the interaction between different components of the model, all cause model forecast to be different from reality. The aim of this study is to explore the techniques and approaches of modeling the error and uncertainty of computational models, provide solution and remedies to reduce the error of model forecast and ultimately improve the model forecast. Taking the discrepancy or error between model forecast and reality in time and mining that error provide valuable information about the origin of uncertainty in models as well as the hidden dynamics that is not considered in the model. Statistical and machine learning based solutions are proposed in this study to identify the source of uncertainty, capturing the uncertainty and using that information to reduce the error and enhancing the model forecast. We studied the error modeling, error or uncertainty quantification and reduction techniques in several frameworks from chemical models to weather forecast models. In each of the models, we tried to provide proper solution to detect the origin of uncertainty, model the error and reduce the uncertainty to improve the model forecast.

本研究共訪問二十位來台唸書的陸生，試圖透過深度訪談了解陸生在台灣所面臨的文化衝擊以及文化適應方法，以及臉書在陸生文化適應扮演的角色。從訪談與線上觀察了解陸生使用臉書表現，探究臉書對於陸生認識台灣與交友的影響，並歸納陸生使用臉書所採用的疑慮消除策略。 研究發現，多數陸生在台灣面臨的壓力為學業壓力、人際關係、意識型態與政策限制。由於受訪者多為碩博士學生，剛來台灣就感受到龐大的學業壓力，直接進入文化衝擊期。多數的文化衝擊，陸生都能透過自我調適或尋求人際管道、大眾媒體調整自我，融入台灣社會。另外，在使用臉書的疑慮消除策略上，多數陸生皆採取被動策略與互動策略。隨著在台時間越久，對台灣社會越熟悉，人際網絡越牢固，陸生使用臉書改採被動策略。由此可知，臉書對於陸生初進入跨文化社會時，提供一個方便觀察與認識台灣的管道。 / By conducting 20 in-depth interviews with Mainland students studying in Taiwan, this research aims to investigate the culture shock that Mainland students are confronted with and their cultural adaptation in Taiwan. Moreover, the role of “Face-book” in cross-cultural adaptation for Mainland students is also a subject of the study. Based on the interviews and online observation, this research seeks to understand the behavior of Mainland students’ using Facebook, and explore how Facebook affects Mainland students’ understanding of Taiwan and interpersonal relations with Taiwanese. Finally, the research attempts to conclude what uncertainty reduction strategies Mainland students adopt with their using Facebook. The research finds that Mainland students are most pressured by academics, interpersonal relations, ideology and policy restrictions for their study in Taiwan. The 17 interviewees are all graduate students, owing to which they experience“culture shock stage”with enormous academic stress in the early days of their living in Taiwan. Most culture shocks could be overcome and they integrate themselves into local society by self-adaptation, interpersonal communication and mass communication. Moreover, most Mainland students use passive and interactive strategies to reduce their uncertainty in Facebook using. The longer they stay in Taiwan, the deeper they understand local society and the stronger they stay in Taiwan, the deeper they understand local society and the stronger their friendship network grows, and then they turn to passive strategies in uncertainty reduction. Therefore, Facebook provides Mainland students with a channel of observing and understanding Taiwan on the initial stage of entering a new culture.

Cette thèse traite de stratégies d'évaluation séquentielle et batch-séquentielle de fonctions à valeurs réelles sous un budget d'évaluation limité, à l'aide de modèles à processus Gaussiens. Des stratégies optimales de réduction séquentielle d'incertitude (SUR) sont étudiées pour deux problèmes différents, motivés par des cas d'application en sûreté nucléaire. Tout d'abord, nous traitons le problème d'identification d'un ensemble d'excursion au dessus d'un seuil T d'une fonction f à valeurs réelles. Ensuite, nous étudions le problème d'identification de l'ensemble des configurations "robustes, contrôlées", c'est à dire l'ensemble des inputs contrôlés où la fonction demeure sous T quelle que soit la valeur des différents inputs non-contrôlés. De nouvelles stratégies SUR sont présentés. Nous donnons aussi des procédures efficientes et des formules permettant d'utiliser ces stratégies sur des applications concrètes. L'utilisation de formules rapides pour recalculer rapidement le posterior de la moyenne ou de la fonction de covariance d'un processus Gaussien (les "formules d'update de krigeage") ne fournit pas uniquement une économie computationnelle importante. Elles sont aussi l'un des ingrédient clé pour obtenir des formules fermées permettant l'utilisation en pratique de stratégies d'évaluation coûteuses en temps de calcul. Une contribution en optimisation batch-séquentielle utilisant le Multi-points Expected Improvement est également présentée.

A novel fuzzy system named as 2-way fuzzy system is developed by combining the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory with the fuzzy systems theory. The developed system is used in modelling and minimizing uncertainty and inconsistency. Uncertainty is the width of the interval introduced by the independent assignment of membership and nonmembership functions of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets / and inconsistency is the violation of the consistency inequality in this assignment. The uncertainty and inconsistency is reduced through a 2 phase training. An evaluation of the degree of reduction of inconsistency is carried out at the end of the rst phase of training by forming the shadowed set patterns of the membership and nonmembership functions. The system is further trained for a second phase in order to reduce uncertainty. There are three dierent methods developed for the stability analysis of fuzzy systems. The rst method is based on the approximating sequences technique, and the design turns into an optimal control problem. In the sec ond analysis, describing function of a 2-way fuzzy system is evaluated analytically, and a systematic design approach is developed using describing function technique. The last analysis technique employs the Lie algebra theory in the stability analysis of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. The theoretical results are simulated on an application system, which is a exible-joint robot arm system.

旅居者在進入新文化社會時，往往面臨著跨文化適應的議題。而社群媒體的出現與滲透，也改變著旅居者流動於原文化與主文化之間的樣貌。本研究透過深度訪談探究背負著特殊脈絡的馬來西亞僑生，在進入台灣社會過程中所歷經的文化衝擊與跨文化適應歷程，並以新傳播科技臉書社群平台的角度切入，分析線上管道對馬來西亞僑生的疑慮消除及雙邊文化連結的影響，試圖描繪出臉書在旅台馬來西亞僑生跨文化適應經驗中所扮演的功能與角色。 研究發現，多數馬來西亞僑生在來台前透過人際與媒體管道的接觸而對台灣有著美好的印象，因此進入台灣社會即面臨著種種的文化衝擊，其中包含：生活、語言溝通、學業、人際關係、意識型態與價值觀等五個方面的適應問題。其跨文化適應歷程呈現壓力－調適－成長的螺旋上升模式。在旅居新文化社會台灣的初期，由於擁有較劇烈的衝擊，因此會在臉書採取主動、被動與互動的疑慮消除策略兼用的方式適應台灣，有助於初期龐大壓力的調解；而隨著時間的積累，雖然他們仍會面臨新議題事件的碰撞，但由於日常人際網絡日趨穩固以及跨文化經驗的提升，因此轉向被動策略的臉書使用。 整體來說，臉書為馬來西亞僑生在台灣的跨文化生活所提供的助益包括：資訊獲取與整合、情感支持、維繫關係與發展關係。在旅居初期如同橋樑一般，提供馬來西亞僑生在台灣社會中凝聚與跨越雙邊文化網絡的管道，讓流動於不同脈絡的他們，可以同時發揮不同連結人際網絡的潛力，將衝突化為成長的奠基，從而達到更好的跨文化適應階段，並在成長過後，更加自如地運用臉書作為生活的調味料，點綴其旅居生涯，成為更深層的跨文化能動者。 / Sojourners often come across the issue of cultural adaptation when they step into a new social environment. However, the presence of social media and its penetration change the way sojourners shift between host and ethnic culture. This study is about the cultural adaptation of Overseas Malaysian Chinese students in Taiwan’s social environment, through the social media platform, Facebook. This research analyzes in which way Facebook affects uncertainty reduction and bilateral culture context of the students, therefore demonstrating the functions and the role of Facebook in the cross-cultural adaptation of Overseas Malaysian Chinese students in Taiwan. The study is done through in-depth interviews with the students. This research shows that before most Overseas Malaysian Chinese students arrive, they have a remarkable impression of Taiwan. All these made up through social and media exposure of the country. It is also the reason they encounter culture shock upon their arrival, adaptation problems include living, communication, academic, social relationships, personal ideology and values. The stress – adaptation – growth model shows a rising spiral pattern during the period of adaptation. Due to severe culture shock during the early stage of the sojourners’ arrival, they tend to actively, passively and interactively utilize uncertainty reduction strategies to adapt Taiwan, it is effective to accommodate the high level of stress faced by them. In time, although they would still bump into new issues, they could passively make use of Facebook because they have stronger social networks and more cross-cultural experiences. To conclude, the benefits of Facebook toward Overseas Malaysian Chinese students in Taiwan include, gathering and compiling information, emotional support, sustaining and developing relationships. In the early stage, Facebook acts as a connecting bridge, providing a channel that bonds and breaches bilateral culture contexts, at the same time unleashing the potential their social relations among different ties. Eventually this will improve the cross-cultural adaptation process as conflicts are transformed into a foundation for growth. Subsequently after the growth, they are more casually utilizing Facebook being a condiment in their lives, to enhance the living in the country, as well as being an experienced cross-cultural agent.