Collaboration appears to be a magical solution for many problems when there is scarcity of resources, lack of knowledge or skills, and/or environmental threats. However, there is little knowledge about the nature of collaboration. A holistic conceptual framework was developed for the collaborative process, and the conceptualization process used systems thinking approach. The author has selectively chosen conceptualizations and/or research by a limited subset of scholars whose ideas appeared to be the most relevant and useful to explore the type of collaboration studied here. In other words, the selection of the literature was based on an eclectic selection. Multiple cases were used in this research to understand the factors that are components of collaborative effort among non-profit organizations and the relationships among those factors. This study also investigated the stages of collaborative process. Data were collected from 54 participants who were partners in collaborate projects funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Among these 54 participants, 50 answered the online questionnaire and 38 received the telephone interviews. The data collected was analyzed using cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, internal consistency reliability, and descriptive statistics. The component factors of collaboration were grouped by the following seven concepts: trustworthiness, competence, dependency, misunderstanding and/or conflict, complexity, commitment and mechanism of coordination. This study showed twelve relationships among these factors. For instance, different points of view and partners' capacity to maintain inter-organizational relationships were found to be opposite concepts. In addition, the findings in this study indicate that 84% of participants reported the presence of the five pre-defined stages: execution, networking, definition, relationship, and common evaluation.

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T19:54:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Joel Weisz.pdf: 1307010 bytes, checksum: 3fa5137c9ae34e324c34308d8c921c00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T19:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Joel Weisz.pdf: 1307010 bytes, checksum: 3fa5137c9ae34e324c34308d8c921c00 (MD5) / As sucessivas políticas industriais brasileiras, no tocante a inovação tecnológica, desde os últimos anos do século XX, têm se fundamentado na constatação de que, enquanto a produção científica da academia é relativamente alta, o desempenho em inovação tecnológica nos setores produtivos é baixo. Como decorrência, as políticas de inovação formuladas desde então buscaram transformar o conhecimento disponível nas universidades e centros de pesquisa (ICTs) em inovação tecnológica. Em todas políticas industriais, formuladas desde então, tem havido uma ênfase na transferência de tecnologia. Essa foi também a política do Estado, promovendo investimentos vultosos nas ICTs para pesquisa e desenvolvimento relacionada ao setor de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural e sua cadeia produtiva (O&G), sobretudo na superação dos desafios tecnológicos representados pela exploração e produção em águas profundas, ultraprofundas e no pré-sal. Este trabalho, ao estudar o recurso a redes cooperativas de inovação tecnológica como instrumento de transferência de tecnologia, lança um olhar para a variável capital social na gestão das redes em contraposição a seu tratamento como uma estrutura insumo/produto. Como segunda contribuição, estudamse as políticas que fundamentaram esse modelo. O estudo conclui que, apesar da adoção de uma visão sistêmica na formulação de políticas, após 1999, uma visão ainda linear do processo de inovação tecnológica, que permeia a prática da interação empresa-ICT, responde por um desempenho insatisfatório desse mecanismo e traduz essa conclusão para proposições relativas a políticas públicas que tenham impacto sobre a estratégia das empresas na gestão da inovação. / Consecutive Brazilian industrial policies, since the late nineteen hundreds, have been based on the assumption, regarding technological innovation, that whereas science output from academia is relatively high, industry technological innovation performance remains rather low. Consequently, innovation policies designed since then have strived to convert knowledge available in universities and research centers into business. Every industrial policy since then has stressed technology transfer. This has also been the state policy in promoting high investment in universities and research centers for R&D on oil and gas exploration and exploitation and its industrial chain (O&G), especially in overcoming the technological challenges faced in deep-water, ultradeep and pre-salt operations. This thesis, upon studying the use of cooperative networks as a tool for technology transfer, investigates the role of the social capital variable in network management, as opposed to viewing networks as a mere input/output concern. A second contribution is na analysis of the policies on which that model was based. This study concludes that despite a systemic approach framework in policy design after 1999, a persistent mindset that still regards industry-university interaction in the framework of the linear model responds for an unsatisfactory performance of this mechanism and translates this conclusion into public policy propositions that interfere strategic management of innovation in industry.

This master thesis deals with the development of the academic relations between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany during the so-called normalization, so from the beginning of the 1970s to the fall of the so-called Iron Curtain. The main focus lies on the inter-university partnership between Charles University in Prague and the University of Hamburg, which was concluded in Prague in 1980 and is successfully carried out till today. It was the first cooperation agreement Charles University made with a West German university during the period of the cold war. The thesis analyses, in which way both universities approached the partnership and how the cooperation could be put into practice. The main objective of the text is to find out which dynamics the partnership in the observed period gained and if the cooperation even managed to overcome the original expectations of the main actors considering the given conditions within the domestic and international politics. The examined cooperation is put into a broader context, not only of the development of the Czechoslovak-West German relations but also of the situation within international politics. The partnership was possible to negotiate thanks to bilateral agreements, which arranged the further development of the...

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Considerando a relação universidade-empresa-governo existente no Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - SNCTI, esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso dos mecanismos de cooperação em uma Universidade Pública, como ator operador do SNCTI. Como base para o estudo, trabalha-se conceitos de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, que apesar de similares e complementares, quando trabalhados de forma isolada, assumem conceitos distintos dentro da literatura.Também é destacada a importância desta tríade para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de uma nação. Paralelamente, é apresentada a importância e a evolução da relação entre universidades, empresas e governo para o fortalecimento da capacidade inovativa de um país. Nesse sentido, adentra-se em um complexo universo no qual essas organizações encontram-se inseridas: o Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (SNCTI) brasileiro. Neste momento, além de apresentar acontecimentos históricos, fontes de financiamentos, instrumentos e aspetos legais, é dado destaque aos principais atores, junto a suas relações e funções, na formação deste complexo sistema, de maneira a entender o contexto no qual se insere a universidade. Concentrando os estudos nas universidades, e na relação destas com o mercado, é destacada a atuação de novas estruturas que surgiram para facilitar e fortalecer essa relação: os Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs). A partir disto, e como forma balizadora para a pesquisa, é apresentando um referencial teórico acerca dos mecanismos e aspectos intervenientes da relação de cooperação entre a academia e o setor produtivo. Por fim, adentra-se no estudo de caso da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR. Primeiramente, baseado em informações e dados obtidos por meio de documentos e o próprio site da instituição é introduzida a organização a qual foi objeto do estudo de caso, demonstrado as especificidades de sua história e de seu atual momento como a primeira e única universidade tecnológica do país. Em um segundo momento,através de uma pesquisa documental, baseada nos três últimos relatórios de gestão publicados pela instituição e em materiais disponibilizados em seu site, são analisados os principais mecanismos de cooperação da UTFPR, com foco na atuação da Pró-Reitoria de Relações Empresariais e Comunitárias (PROREC), responsável pela interação entre a Universidade, as empresas e a comunidade. Neste momento do estudo, são percebidos um grande número de mecanismos sob a gestão da PROREC que viabilizam a transferência dos conhecimentos e tecnologias produzidas na instituição. Como exemplo, pode-se citar: estruturas para facilitar a articulação entre a universidade e o mercado (Agência de Inovação e os NITs) e Serviços e Projetos Tecnológicos. Por último, por meio de um questionário aplicado aos Diretores de Relações Empresarias e Comunitárias (DIRECs) de todos os 13 campi da UTFPR, são levantadas, sob a perspectiva das universidades, empresas e pesquisadores, as principais barreiras, facilitadores e motivadores que interferem na cooperação da universidade junto ao mercado. Dentre as diversas barreiras apresentadas, destacou-se a relacionada a burocracia dos processos internos da universidade. Como relação aos fatores facilitadores e aos motivadores, destacaram-se respectivamente a presença das DIRECs em todos os campi da instituição; e questões financeiras ligadas a captação de recursos, minimização de custos e ganhos financeiros. / Considering the university-enterprise-government relationship in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation - SNCTI, it will be present a case study of a cooperation mechanisms in a Public University, which is considered an operator actor of the SNCTI. As a basis for the research, we work on concepts of science, technology and innovation, which although similar and complementary, when considered alone, assume different concepts within the technical literature. It also highlights the importance of this triad to the socioeconomic development of a nation. At the same time, it presents the importance and the evolution of the relationship between universities, private enterprise and government to empower a country's innovative capacity. In this sense, it enters into a complex universe in which these organizations are inserted: the Brazilian National System of Science, Technology andInnovation. In order to understand the context in which the university is inserted and in addition to presenting historical events, sources of financing, instruments and legal aspects, it is highlighted the main actors, along with their relations and functions, in the formation of this complex system.Concentrating studies on universities and in their relationship with the market, it is highlighted the new structures emerged to facilitate and empower this relationship: the Technological Innovation Centers (NITs).From this and as a guiding form for the research, it is presenting a theoretical reference about the mechanisms and intervening aspects of the relationship of cooperation between university and the productive sector. In the last part of the research, it's introduced anFederal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) case study. First, based on information and data obtained through documents and on the institution's own website, the organization that was the subject of the case study is introduced. It will be shown the specificities of its history and its current moment as the first and unique technological university of the country. In a second moment, through a documentary research, based on the last three management reports published by the institution and on materials made available on its website, the main cooperation mechanisms of UTFPR are analysed, focusing on PROREC's performance – which are the administrative structure responsible for the interaction between the university, the private enterprise and the community. At this point of the research, it is perceived a great number of mechanisms which enable the transfer of the knowledge and technologies produced in the institution – all of them under the PROREC management. As an example, we can mention: structures to facilitate the articulation between the university and the market (Innovation Agency and NITs) and Technology Services and Projects. Lastly, through a questionnaire applied to the Directors of Business and Community Relations (DIRECs) of all 13 UTFPR campuses, it will be listed and analysed the main barriers, facilitators and motivators which interfere in the University's cooperation with the market. Among the several barriers presented, it was emphasised the one related to the bureaucracy of the internal processes of the university. Regarding the facilitating and motivating factors, it is highlighted the presence of the DIRECs in all the campuses of the institution it is highlighted and also the financial issues related to fundraising, cost minimization and financial gains.

Avec d’une part les bouleversements de l’ordre mondial après la chute du système bipolaire, avec d’autre part et de manière corrélative l’extension considérable des échanges internationaux, le développement sans précédent des moyens de communications et la mondialisation économique (touchant évidemment aussi le domaine culturel), la fin du XXe siècle a inauguré une nouvelle donne dans les relations culturelles internationales qui revêtent désormais une signification capitale et, jusque-là, inédite. Dans le nouveau contexte mondial les relations culturelles internationales se sont attribué de nouveaux enjeux : elles ont pour objet non seulement la diffusion de la culture nationale en direction de la communauté internationale, mais aussi une impérative, voire vitale résistance aux dangereuses conséquences de la mondialisation, grâce au développement du dialogue interculturel et à l'affirmation des différentes cultures. Sous l'influence de ces nouveaux enjeux, les États du monde ont été obligés de réviser leur conception de la politique culturelle internationale et de perfectionner leur diplomatie culturelle nationale.Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objet la politique culturelle internationale de la France et de la Russie, que l’auteur étudie à travers le prisme des relations culturelles intergouvernementales franco-russes de 1991 à 2004. L’étude du renouveau du système des relations culturelles bilatérales après l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique tend à répondre à trois séries de questions, sur le plan national, mais aussi sur le plan des relations bilatérales et multilatérales (russo-européennes) :• quelle place la politique culturelle internationale a-t-elle prise dans la nouvelle conception nationale de la politique étrangère en France et en Russie ? quels sont les objectifs et les priorités de la France et la Russie concernant les relations culturelles internationales ? et quels sont les instruments dont la France et la Russie se sont dotées pour leur réalisation dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation ?• quelle place les relations culturelles bilatérales ont-t-elles prise respectivement dans la conception de la politique culturelle internationale des deux pays ? quels sont les objectifs et les moyens de coopération culturelle bilatérale ? quels sont les résultats du renouveau des relations culturelles bilatérales ? et, finalement, comment peut-on caractériser les relations culturelles contemporaines franco-russes ?• quels sont les enjeux des relations culturelles franco-russes en vue de l’évolution de la relation Russie/Union européenne élargie ? et quelles sont les éventuelles perspectives de leur développement ? / On the one hand, together with the global disruptions following the end of the bi-polar political system and on the other hand and in close correlation with the considerable extension of the international exchanges, the unprecedented development of the means of communication and the economic globalization (obviously with regard to the cultural field), the end of the 20th century has launched a new deal in international cultural relations which now take on a major meaning which has remained unprecedented. In this new global context, the international cultural relations have set themselves new goals: they now not only aim at the circulation of the national culture towards the international community but also appear as an urgent even vital resistance to the dangerous impact of globalization, thanks to the development of intercultural dialogue and the affirmation of the different cultures.Under the influence of these new objectives, the world states have been forced to review their conception of international cultural policies and improve their national cultural diplomacy.This thesis mainly deals with the international cultural policies of France and Russia and its author focuses on Franco-Russian intergovernmental cultural relations from 1991 until 2004. The study of the renewal of the bilateral cultural relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union aims at answering three sets of questions, from a national perspective but also on bilateral and multilateral relations (Russo-European that is)• What place have the international cultural policies of France and Russia held in the new national conception of foreign affairs in France and Russia? What are the objectives and priorities of France and Russia as regards to international cultural relations? And what are the instruments used by France and Russia for their achievement in the current global context?• What place have cultural bilateral relations taken respectively in the conception of the international cultural policies of both countries? What are the goals and means used in the cultural bilateral cooperation? What are the results of the renewal of bilateral cultural relations? And finally, how can we characterize the contemporary Franco-Russian cultural relations?• What is at stake in the Franco-Russian cultural relations with a view to the evolution of the relation between Russia and the extended European Union? And what are the potential perspectives in their development?