To tackle the problem of poor adherence to medication, pill boxes are manufactured to help patients store and organise their pills. Unfortunately, pill boxes alone cannot aide people with memory difficulties to improve their adherence to medication. A solution to this problem is to improve pill boxes by integrating technology. Technology makes it possible to have audio signals, as well as light signals, in a pill box, which can remind the users of their dosing times. The purpose of this report is to design a pill box unit, which together with an already designed watch unit from the company Victrix AB, will form a lockable dosing system. The pill box unit itself should be able to facilitate medication intake for people with disabilities in their hands, among other disabilities and diagnoses, as well as for the visually impaired. Interviews were conducted with potential users of a dosing system to identify the product requirements of a pill box. These requirements were used to generate different concepts. From the concepts developed, two were chosen for further development and design in CAD. The results from the study were Dosis, a pill box with an automatic locking function, and Medix, a pill box with a manual locking function, which together meet all the set requirements. Due to the limitations imposed on the design, in correlation with the requirements that were set, the study could not design a concept of a pill box that could solely meet all the requirements. / För att förhindra underdosering vid medicinering av läkemedel tillverkas dosetter, ett förvaringsutrymme för tabletter. Dessvärre hjälper inte endast ett förvaringsutrymme för att människor med minnessvårigheter ska komma ihåg att inta sin medicinering. En lösning till detta problem är doseringssystem, vilket påminner användare om deras doseringstillfällen med hjälp av en ljudsignal. Syftet med denna rapport är att konstruera en pillerdosaenhet, som tillsammans med en redan formgiven klockenhet från företaget Victrix AB, ska bilda ett låsbart tablettdoseringssystem. Pillerdosaenheten i sig ska kunna underlätta tablettintag för personer med, bland annat, handikapp i händerna och för synskadade. Intervjuer med potentiella användare för ett tablettdoseringssystem genomfördes för att identifiera de krav som ställs på en dosett. Kraven användes sedan för att generera olika koncept. Utifrån de framställda koncepten valdes två, ett med manuell låsfunktion och ett med en automatisk låsfunktion, för att vidareutvecklas och sedan konstrueras i CAD. Resultatet blev Dosis med automatisk låsfunktion och Medix med manuell låsfunktion, som tillsammans kan uppfylla alla ställda krav på produkten. På grund av begränsningar som sattes på konstruktionen, i samband med kravställningen, kunde studien inte komma fram till en enskild pillerdosa som kunde uppfylla samtliga krav.

The thesis outlined in this report has been done as a sub-project in cooperation between the municipalities Borlänge in Sweden and Chisinau in Moldova. The project aimed to explore the region's economic and environmental opportunities for waste incineration with energy recovery, also known as Waste to Energy. At present, the solution to the waste situation is unmonitored landfills with smaller sorting operations. Environmentally, this is a poor solution and although there are plans for change, no specific strategy has been presented. Another important issue is Moldova's dependence on foreign produced energy. The country's energy system is dependent on imported natural gas, and only a small part of the country's electrical energy is produced domestically. What makes the waste to energy so interesting for this region is that it contributes to an improvement in both of these issues by using the waste as fuel to reduce energy dependency. The study has been done without specific waste composition data for the Chisinau region. With this in mind a dynamic model in several steps has been made, designed to obtain new results depending on what waste composition is specified. The results of this study show that implementation of a waste incineration plant in the Chisinau energy system is economically and environmentally feasible, given the current conditions. The proposed plant is designed to annually handle 400,000 tonnes of waste, and would with the assumed waste composition deliver 560 GWh of district heat and 260 GWh of electric energy. This production provides an annual profit of 31.6 M €, which gives a positive net present value after the project amortization. Compared with the city's current solution with landfills and gas turbines, the project also provides a significant environmental improvement. During the plant's design lifetime, greenhouse gas emissions are 53.9%, and only 6.8% with the assumption that only a portion of the carbon content of the waste is of fossil origin.

Sustainable development (SD) as a concept and principle aims to find solutions to balance the needs of people worldwide with the resources and limits of the Earth’s ecosystems. Given their social responsibility in educating future generations, higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly expected to foster SD. This results in an emerging body of literature addressing the implementation efforts of HEIs in their core competencies of research and education, but also within their institutional structures and support functions. Against this backdrop, two major renowned European HEIs, the Universities of Goettingen (Germany) and Uppsala (Sweden), have also committed to driving sustainability. This exploratory case study therefore critically examines the universities’ path toward becoming more sustainable, contributing to an area of research that is still limited. Using qualitative tools like content analysis, different data in three main areas are analyzed to assess the status quo of measures to drive sustainability: institutional framework and governance, campus operations, and student initiatives. The research yields mixed results. While both universities are doing advanced work in some areas, improvement is possible and needed in many others. Uppsala University appears to have a more strategic approach to promoting SD overall, however, the university’s efforts currently appear to be leveling off. At the University of Goettingen, on the other hand, the issue has not yet been systematically addressed, making the achievement of the HEI’s climate targets and timely improvement unlikely if the current practice is maintained. In addition, the study reveals that the documentation and presentation of concrete measures and agendas at both universities could be enhanced, as the availability, accessibility and timeliness of the necessary data is often lacking. While different recommendations can be made for the two universities, the thesis concludes that university leadership should address sustainability more effectively through a strategic approach and the continuous involvement of various stakeholder groups should be envisioned.

<p>This thesis investigates how gynaecology was established as a medical speciality in Sweden in the 1860s and onwards. Gender, power, professionalisation and the production of scientific knowledge are central themes. While previous research has shown that gynaecology as a discipline depends upon notions of Woman as radically different from Man, I show how this was manifested within Swedish gynaecology, an initially all male environment. Of special interest is institutionalisation, early career-paths and the development of therapy methods and theory. I argue that gynaecology reproduced and contributed to notions of sex-difference and a gender complementary way of thinking. </p><p>While gynaecology was formed as a surgically interventionist speciality with strong manly connotations, an education reform aiming at opening higher education to women was simultaneously discussed and eventually carried out during the 1860s and 70s. The advocates of this reform portrayed women as especially fit for becoming teachers and physicians, particularly treating women and children. Thus, two opposing gendered professional ideals operated. By focusing an elite group of early women physicians, I outline how the gynaecological construction of womanliness related to women physicians and how women physicians engaged with this notion: what strategies they used to enter a profession as manly as gynaecology had become; and how women gynaecologists engaged with their men colleagues’ therapeutic methods and views on patients and women.</p>

This thesis is an intellectual biography of the Swedish statesman Johan Skytte (1577–1645), focusing on his educational ideals and his contributions to educational reform in the early Swedish Age of Greatness. Although born a commoner, Skytte rose to be one of the most powerful men in Sweden in the first half of the seventeenth century, serving three generations of regents. As a royal preceptor and subsequently a university chancellor, Skytte appears as an early educational politician at a time when the Swedish Vasa dynasty initiated a number of far-reaching reforms, including the revival of Sweden’s only university at the time (in Uppsala). The contextual approach of the thesis shows how Skytte’s educational reform agenda was shaped by nationally motivated arguments as well as by a Late Renaissance humanist heritage, celebrating education as the foundation of all prosperous civilizations. Utilizing a largely unexplored source material written mostly in Latin, the thesis analyzes how Skytte’s educational arguments were formed already at the University of Marburg in the 1590s, where he learned to embrace the utility-orientated ideals of the French humanist Petrus Ramus (1515–1572). Moreover, the analysis shows that the expanding Swedish state administration in the early seventeenth century was in urgent need of educated civil servants, and that this basic demand favored an ideology based on education, skill and merit. It is shown that Skytte skillfully combined a Ramist and patriotic rhetoric with narratives of individual merit and rewards, conveying not least himself as an example. The thesis argues that Skytte’s rhetoric reflects the formation of a new professional category in the Swedish society, one that was distinguished from the royal courtier, the clergyman, the merchant, the warrior, and the scholar. This category is the professional civil servant whose identity was dependent on skills and education.

This thesis investigates how gynaecology was established as a medical speciality in Sweden in the 1860s and onwards. Gender, power, professionalisation and the production of scientific knowledge are central themes. While previous research has shown that gynaecology as a discipline depends upon notions of Woman as radically different from Man, I show how this was manifested within Swedish gynaecology, an initially all male environment. Of special interest is institutionalisation, early career-paths and the development of therapy methods and theory. I argue that gynaecology reproduced and contributed to notions of sex-difference and a gender complementary way of thinking. While gynaecology was formed as a surgically interventionist speciality with strong manly connotations, an education reform aiming at opening higher education to women was simultaneously discussed and eventually carried out during the 1860s and 70s. The advocates of this reform portrayed women as especially fit for becoming teachers and physicians, particularly treating women and children. Thus, two opposing gendered professional ideals operated. By focusing an elite group of early women physicians, I outline how the gynaecological construction of womanliness related to women physicians and how women physicians engaged with this notion: what strategies they used to enter a profession as manly as gynaecology had become; and how women gynaecologists engaged with their men colleagues’ therapeutic methods and views on patients and women.

A shift towards electric and hybrid propulsion within the marine sector create new challenges for conventional water jet units manoeuvred by hydraulic systems. The high efficiency in high speed water jet crafts benefit from being powered by electricity but will be compromised by constantly running hydraulic pumps, draining available electric capacity on-board. Wear and tear on hydraulic components are also an environmental contamination hazard, due to high pressure oil and exposed cylinder rods. However, conventional hydraulic power packs with subsystems to manoeuvre water jet unit is a well proven and reliable marine application.Steer-by-wire is not an uncommon subject, as it is frequently used in several industries such as aviation, automotive and offshore. The purpose of the study is to prepare a concept design proposal with CAD-models and drawings of electrically powered manoeuvring system for Marine Jet Powers DRB 750 steering units. The study did a literature study on the topic and qualitative research to fulfil the purpose. A generic product and concept development is conducted and computer aided design is done to present proposed prototype design.Results from the research gave 4 commercially available electrical actuators, all with significantly different functionality from each other resulting in 4 different concepts and thereof 1 prototype proposal integrated in the waterjet unit according to DNV standards.The selected concept in the study will need some further manufacturing configuration and optimisation for a full installation and working prototype. / Ett skifte mot elektisk och hybriddrift inom marina fartyg och framdrivningssystem skapar nya utmaningar och möjligheter, även så för höghastighetsfartyg där vattenjet har en fördel i sin karaktäristiska höga effektivitet. Idag manövreras vattenjetsaggregat med hjälp av hydraulik, som många gånger drivs med framdrivningsmaskineriet och/eller med en elektisk pump. Dessa system blir en energitjuv i en elektrisk eller hybridlösning för framdrivningen och så saknar det en naturlig lösning på hur en hydraulisk pump ska drivas. Slitage och skador på hydrauliska system kan även leda till miljöfarliga utsläpp av hydraulolja. Framför allt då det handlar om höga hydrauliska tryck och bland annat kolvstänger som är utsatta för påfrestningar från fartygens yttre miljö. Dock är hydrauliska system väl beprövade och pålitliga i marina miljöer.Styrning med hjälp av elkraft är inget som är nytt, även kallat Steer-by-wire, det har gjorts och används inom många områden så som flygplans-, bil- och offshoreindustrin. Syftet med studien är att skapa ett prototypförslag för elektisk manövrering av Marine Jet Powers vattenjetaggregat DRB 750. För att uppnå detta har en litteraturstudie genomförts och kvalitativ forskning för att samla information och få förståelse för ämnet. En generisk product- och konceptutveckling har använts med hjälp av datorstödd konstruktion för att presentera ett prototypförslag.Det har resulterat i 4 koncept med integrerade lösningar från olika tillverkare, som alla skiljer från varandra i funktionalitet och skulle kunna användas på ett sätt för att uppnå målet. Varav ett koncept som valdes, det vidareutvecklades till ett prototypförslag med skruvförband i vattenjetaggregatet och som även sågs till att uppfylla DNV:s standarder och regler. Det valda konceptet behöver vidare utveckling, integrering och optimering för att kunna installeras och testas i fungerande prototyp.