The settlement and economy associated with shealling activities captured the attention of eighteenth century travellers in the Scottish Highlands and the Improving Agricultural writers of the late eighteenth century. Their published descriptions have largely formed the basis of modern scholarly attempts to assemble a picture of this facet of traditional Highland farming. The content matter of the travellers journals was highly selective, often consisting of no more than heavily edited highlights of the tours. More importantly, few of the travellers were familiar with Highland culture and lifestyle. The following thesis is an attempt to advance an understanding of shealling. It is an extended study of shealling in Perthshire between circa 1600 and 1770, using more 'impartial' sources than have hitherto been employed. The approach of study adopted concentrates on the examination, critical interpretation and analysis of landowning family papers including legal records, estate accounts, rentals, memoranda, correspondence, farm leases, witness depositions in land disputes, testaments and cartographic material. Within Perthshire the shealling region corresponded with the upland areas where strong Celtic, cultural characteristics still remained by the beginning of the seventeenth century. Movement between farm and shealling was short distance usually within a two to three mile radius of the farm. Physical distance however was only one of several important locational factors in situ sheallings. sheallings were conveyed in charter deeds as pertinent right and also contracted out by lease, an indication that they valued these summer hill pastures. Shealling rights were not always the exclusive interest of a single landowner. Several estates sometimes shared the use of a sheallings. The shealling activities conformed to restrictions imposed by the at status of the other lands beyond the head dyke. Sheallings in the vicinity of crest lands particularly, were required to respect the forest laws and regulations. Sheallings were not self-contained farming systems. They were integral component of several sedentary based agricultural system and helped to integrate corn growing and livestock keeping. The amounts of shealling pasture allocated to any farm was lied to the man's carrying capacity, especially during the winter months, farm within the shealling region did not necessarily possess sheallings rights, while in areas of extensive hill ground farms might have several callings. Shealling livestock consisted of cattle, sheep, goats, horse, pigs and poultry. The rental evidence highlights sheep as an inadequately recognised member of the shealling livestock. During the summer utilisation of the hill grounds the stock was generally segregated according to type and age, and circulation, round set of pastures at regular intervals. The sheailing resource base performed an important subsistence service to the estate tenantry. Sheallings were however not solely confined to summer pasture; they also acted as base camps for lumbering, peat cutting and hunting expeditions. New sheallings appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were mainly carved out of forest lands. Longer establish sheallings underwent preliminary improvement as outfield and complemented this outfield, sometimes known as 'home shealling' close and a number of shealling sites were set out as new farms within the recognizable periods between 1660 and 1770. The permanent colonisation of shealling sites of ten forced unwelcomed adjustments upon the agriculture of older settlements. Continuity is a key feature of shealling throughout the period of thesis study. The contents of the source materials do not lend themselves to a study orientated towards identifying changes. They do nevertheless, provide occasional glimpses of departures from former practices, possibly in response to the increasing commercialisation of the seasonally used hill ground. The shealling season was extended? the shealling pastures were subdivided; there was a shift from family to hired labour at the sheallings; and annual, 'tolerance' lets of sheallings on the Atholl Estate were extended before finally undergoing transformation into money rent leases. Shealling was undeniably modified prior to 1770 but the historical evidence indicates that the most traumatic period of change in the history of the Perthshire sheallings - their disappearance - lies beyond the period of thesis study in the 1790's and the early nineteenth century. In conclusion this thesis provides an addition to the scanty research published about sheallings. It draws upon previously unexamined and unpublished historical sources, to compile a comprehensive study of the Perthshire set-up in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Prior to this research the shealling literature relied too much upon a few eighteenth century descriptions and folk reminiscences of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in those districts where shealling survived until comparatively recent times.

A experiência de viver em São Paulo certamente foi o principal motor que mobilizou esta tese. Dentre as cidades brasileiras, a capital paulista é a que expressa de forma mais intensa e emblemática as contradições de um país que buscou lançar-se ao futuro, mas que teve seu \"espírito moderno\" constantemente posto à prova diante das dificuldades de construção de uma esfera pública na periferia do capital. Desde sua fundação, a cidade foi movida pelo binômio demolição-construção, passou pela edificação do principal parque industrial nacional, transformou-se paulatinamente em cidade de serviços, e nos anos 1990 somou-se às cidades globais. Desde então, a vida urbana paulistana vem enfrentando duas situações: a que é fruto da herança moderna, vivenciada em sua incompletude e fragmentação, e a da cidade contemporânea e suas novas dinâmicas virtualizadas. Nesse panorama, a década de 1990 marcou uma mudança estrutural tanto nos modos de vida da cidade como nas práticas artísticas, que buscam responder à nova condição urbana, cujo movimento corresponde ao crescente interesse de parte dos artistas pela cidade. Diante disso, a tese buscou examinar como, a partir dos anos 1990, a experiência paulistana se diferencia de contextos históricos anteriores, donde já se verificava uma aproximação entre os dois mundos. Para tanto, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo um conjunto de obras de Rubens Mano, tomado como modelar dos pressupostos teóricos sobre as transformações urbanas verificadas no período. O estudo dessas obras salientou dois aspectos fundamentais em sua trajetória: a revisão crítica do projeto moderno - e a produção de espaço dali decorrente -, e uma nova perspectiva crítica e contextualista da arte contemporânea sobre a vida urbana, que tensiona a obra na direção de um híbrido capaz de transitar entre os mundos artístico e extra-artístico. Ao lado de outros artistas, Mano vêm demostrando que o fazer artístico está cada vez mais imbricado à experiência do cotidiano, atento estética e politicamente à problemática urbana e suas contradições. / The experience of living in São Paulo certainly was the main engine that mobilized this thesis. Among the Brazilian cities, the capital of São Paulo is the one that expresses in a more intense and emblematic way the contradictions of a country that sought to launch itself into the future, but whose \"modern spirit\" was constantly put to the test in front of the difficulties of building a public sphere on the periphery of capital. Since its foundation the city has been moving by the binomial demolition-construction, passed by the construction of the main national industrial park, gradually replaced in a tertiary city that in the 1990\'s were added to the global cities. Since then, the São Paulo urban life has been facing two situations: that of modern inheritance, experienced in its incompleteness and fragmentation, and that of the contemporary city and its new virtualized dynamics. In this panorama, the 1990\'s marked a structural change both in the ways of life in the cities and in artistic practices, which have been responding to the new urban condition, which movement corresponds to the raise of art interests to the city. In view of this, this thesis sought to examine how the São Paulo experience from the 1990\'s differs from previous historical contexts, where there was already an approximation between art and city. For this, the thesis choses as object of study a set of works by Rubens Mano, taken as a modeling of the theoretical assumptions about the urban transformations verified among that period. The study of these works emphasized two fundamental aspects in his trajectory: the critical revision of the modern project - and the production of space in results - and a new critical and contextual contemporary art perspective on urban life, which intends the work of art towards a hybrid able to transit the artistic and extra-artistic worlds. Like many other artists, Mano has been demonstrating that the artistic work is increasingly imbricated by the experience of daily life, aesthetically and politically attentive to the urban problematic and its contradictions.

Qualidade de vida é um tema complexo e tem sido estudado pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. O tema qualidade de vida envolve questões multidisciplinares apresentadas por meio de perspectivas diferenciadas, de acordo com a relevância do momento histórico, das condições sociais, bem como da ideologia dominante a partir dos objetivos propostos. No presente estudo, a qualidade de vida foi analisada nos territórios de Barueri e Osasco, por meio da satisfação das necessidades consideradas básicas, que visam garantir à população o pleno desenvolvimento físico, mental e social. A partir da caracterização da qualidade de vida urbana, tentou-se identificar modelos para interpretação/identificação de morfologia urbana. Para isso, foram adotados critérios baseados nos modelos clássicos de morfologia urbana, para se chegar ao resultado apresentado no fim da pesquisa. Além disso, foi utilizada a cidade de Estrasburgo na França para se fazer um contraponto entre as cidades brasileiras e a europeia, com relação à qualidade de vida e os critérios de análise. / The quality of urban life has been studied in many areas of academic specialization and is a complex theme. The subject\'s quality of life involves multi-disciplinary questions presented with different perspectives, according to the relevance of the historical moment, social conditions, as well as the dominant ideology shaping the objectives in question. In the present study the approach adopted is focused on the satisfaction of the basics needs of the population, in order to guarantee complete physical, mental and social development. The characterization of quality of urban life will be created some models for identification and interpretation of urban morphology. For this, it was adopted criterias based in the classic models of urban morphology to reach in the result presented in the end of the research. Beside this, it was used Strasbourg in France to make a counterpoint between the Brazilian cities and the European one in terms of quality of life and the analysis criterias.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadia Christina Braglia.pdf: 8111749 bytes, checksum: cfe47b79cff4fa596eb3c13dfc10b358 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study reflects about new forms of sociabilities, habits and tastes appeared in the city of São Paulo between beginning of twenty century and the 1920 decade. Analysis advertisements and personal announcements that acted as transmitter in newspapers and periodicals such as: Vida paulista, A lua, Vida Moderna e A Cigarra, that circulated in the city in beginning of decade of twenty century. The study deliniates the geography of new spaces localized in the Triangle and its around, such like and to beyond the central region, and what forms these new spaces of leisure and sociabilities were divulged and inserted mainly in the daily life of cream of Paulistan s society and what ways they built an imaginary idea about the city that they wished to become modern and civilized such as the European standard / Este estudo reflete sobre as novas formas de sociabilidades, hábitos e gostos surgidos na Cidade de São Paulo entre o início do século XX e a década de 1920. A partir da análise dos anúncios e das notas sociais veiculadas nas revistas ilustradas, Vida paulista, A lua, Vida Moderna e A Cigarra que circularam na Cidade nas décadas iniciais do século XX, o estudo traça a geografia dos novos espaços localizados no Triângulo e em seu entorno, bem como, para além da região central e, de que forma esses novos espaços de lazer e sociabilidades foram divulgados e inseridos principalmente no cotidiano das elites paulistanas e, de que maneira construíram um imaginário sobre a Cidade que se desejava moderna e civilizada nos moldes europeus

A discussão sobre a qualidade de vida é um tema bastante importante na ciência geográfica já que trata da interface entre a sociedade e seu território considerando para tal tanto os aspectos sociais e econômicos (como uma sociedade se organiza) quanto os físicos-territoriais e ambientais, para melhor se desenvolver em dado território. O objetivo desta pesquisa pode ser resumido na análise evolutiva da qualidade de vida urbana nos distritos ao sul do município de São Paulo nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Como embasamento metodológico utilizamos o mecanismo de análise, tanto evolutiva quanto comparativa. O método de análise considera o todo (a qualidade de vida urbana) e suas partes componentes (as variáveis de análise) entre elas: os dados de população, infra-estrutura urbana também aspectos relacionados aos responsáveis por domicílios e seus domicílios. Vale salientar ainda que esta análise tem como base os dados censitários e os dados orbitais - imagens de satélite IKONOS II e fotografias aéreas. E como recorte os setores censitários sobrepostos às Zonas Residenciais Homogêneas Z.R.H, associando com isso os dados sócio-econômicos da população à realidade da expansão urbana do município de São Paulo. Os resultados nos permitem algumas observações interessantes: primeiramente foi possível avaliar que as porções do espaço com melhor índice de qualidade de vida urbana (em sua maioria) estão mais próximas do centro da cidade. E também que as condições de infra-estrutura básica apresentam porcentagens consideradas razoáveis e que acompanham o eixo de desenvolvimento da malha urbana, ou seja, a cidade se expande e, posteriormente, os serviços vão sendo atendidos, porém com intervalos de tempo significativos. O IQVU sofreu alterações consideráveis ao compararmos as duas datas, apresentando uma redução em geral no desenvolvimento do índice. Essas alterações vão desde uma maior heterogeneidade da disposição do índice entre os setores censitários que nos apresenta as categorias B e C recobrindo a maior parte da área. Para a década de 1990 temos uma supremacia em área e setores censitários recobertos pela categoria B e para a década de 2000 temos a maior porcentagem da área recoberta pela categoria C. Além disso temos alterações para as categorias A e D que em relação ao seus totais são significativas, porém em relação ao IQVU para a totalidade da área de estudo são bastante modestos. / The discussion about the quality of life is a very important issue in geographical science because it deals with the interaction of society and its territory in other words, considering both social and economic aspects (they are how a certain society is organized) and physical-territorial and environmental, for a better territory development. The main objective of this work is the evolutionary analysis of the quality of urban life in the southern districts of São Paulo between the 1990 and 2000 decades. As a basement methodological we have evolutionary and comparative analysis mechanism is used the method of analysis considered as a whole (the quality of urban life) and its component parts (analysis variables) including: population data, urban infrastructure in many aspects of that. It is important emphasize that this analysis is based on census data and orbital data - IKONOS II satellite images and aerial photographs. We used as category of analysis we have the overlapping between census data and residential areas (ZRH), associating it with the socio-economic reality of the population to urban expansion of São Paulo. As a result we have some interesting observations: first, it was possible to assess which portions of space in the index of quality of urban life (mostly) are closer to the city center. And also the percentage of conditional of basic infrastructure have percentages that were reasonable and accompanying the axis of the urban development, i.e., the city expands and then the services are being met, but with significant time intervals. The IQVU had significant changes when comparing the two dates, a decrease in the overall development of the index. These changes range from a greater heterogeneity of the available index of census tracts that presents us with the categories \"B\" and \"C\" covering most of the area. In the 1990s we have supremacy in the area and covered by the census category \"B\" and the 2000s have the highest percentage of area covered by \"C\". In addition we have changes to the categories \"A\" and \"D\" that in relation to their totals are significant, but compared to IQVU for the entire study area are quite modest.

A presente tese realizou uma investigação sobre os sentidos e imagens acerca do mal-estar e da experiência psíquica na cidade de São Paulo visto por meio da literatura urbana contemporânea, mais especificamente, tomando como material de análise a ficção Tango, com violino de Eduardo Alves da Costa. Partindo do pressuposto que relaciona os sofrimentos, desassossegos e desconfortos gerais sentidos na cidade com uma perda de sentido junto ao ambiente e sua paisagem, na sua interferência nos vínculos sociais e em suas relações intersubjetivas, utilizamos em nossa análise uma perspectiva imaginativo-interpretativa fundamentada em referenciais teóricos como Gilbert Durand, James Hillman, Gaston Bachelard e Augustin Berque, entre outros, abordando como a imaginação organiza o campo psicossocial e sua relação com os sentidos do espaço. Foi observado o papel da narrativa literária como um instrumento transformador do sofrimento em um incômodo capaz de estimular uma ampliação da percepção frente à cidade e seus problemas, mas também concluímos que o desconforto investigado poderia traduzir uma espécie de mal-estar da cidade. Sobre o desassossego e desamparo que relaciona os habitantes à cidade, notamos uma fenomenologia cuja variância, traz estados de aceleração e euforia em contraste com aspectos depressivos e melancólicos. Características que apontam para um modo civilizatório que em seu voo ideacional conflita com a necessidade de um lastro de valor, medida e sentido, tendo no retorno à sua imagem mítica uma aproximação para a compreensão da relação entre a experiência subjetiva e o sofrimento que atravessam o espaço urbano, o que aponta para a necessidade de habitar os atravessamentos entre as perspectivas que relacionam o novo com o antigo, o corpo, a cidade e a paisagem / The present thesis has carried out some research into the senses and images about malaise and psychic experience in the city of São Paulo seen through contemporary urban literature, more specifically taking the fiction Tango, with violin by Eduardo Alves da Costa as an analysis material. Starting from the assumption that relates the sufferings, restlessness and general discomforts felt in the city with a loss of sense nearby the environment and its landscape, in its interference in social ties and their intersubjective relations, we use in our analysis an imaginative-interpretive perspective from theoretical references such as Gilbert Durand, James Hillman, Gaston Bachelard and Augustin Berque, among others, approaching how the imagination organises de psychosocial field and its relationship with the meanings of space The role of the literary narrative was seen as a transformative instrument of suffering into a nuisance capable of stimulating an amplification of perception of the city and its problems, but we also concluded that the discomfort researched could translate a kind of malaise of the city. About the restlessness and helplessness that relates the inhabitants to the city, we note a phenomenology whose variance brings states of acceleration and euphoria in contrast to depressive and melancholic aspects. Features pointing to a civilizing mode that in its ideational flight conflict with the need for a ballast of value, measure and sense, having in the return to its mythic image an approximation for the understanding of the relationship between subjective experience and suffering that cross the urban space, which points to the need to inhabit the crossings between the perspectives that relate the new to the old, the body, the city and the landscape

This research entitled Images of the urban experience in contemporary painting began as an investigation into the consequences of urbanism such as human alienation and personal detachment. As a studio based research, this practice was based on five individual exhibitions of contemporary paintings accompanied by four underlying theoretical exegeses. These components together with the involvement in various group exhibitions, awards and professional practice documented in a research portfolio were developed over a three-year period. As each series of paintings was exhibited, new priorities and directions were established. These developments ranged from documentation of the decline in the conscious organisation of urban life images to the utilisation of media and techniques to promote greater fluidity and painting spontaneity. The theme of human alienation in this investigation developed into a focus on the existential predicament of place-bereft individuals. As the nature of location was brought into focus, an exploration of the influence and question of place emerged. This concept gave rise to an investigation into place-panic or human anxiety at the prospect of an unknown place. / Doctor of Creative Art

Early Ptolemaic Alexandria provides a unique perspective on cultural interactions during the Hellenistic Period. With this idea in mind, I have tracked the cultural affiliation of the city from its foundation through the early years of the Ptolemaic dynasty. In order to do this, both literary and archaeological evidence, including various foundation myths for the city, the poetry of Theocritus and Herodas, papyrological evidence as well as the city plan and archaeological remains of the Serapeum, were analyzed. Using this evidence, this thesis attempts to describe the cultural state of the ancient city and the surrounding area in its early years, and tracks its development from an entirely Greek cultural background to a multicultural one.

This study investigates the emergence of a shopping mall based urban life in Ankara. As the city is under the siege with the mushrooming growth of shopping malls, the urban life gains a new attribute. The economical, social, and cultural institutions and activities of the city are collected under the roof of the mall, and distinctions out of the shopping mall are formed and reproduced around the consumption activities of the mall. Based on a qualitative research which was conducted in ANKAmall, this study investigates the shopping mall experience of the different segments of population in terms of income group, age, and gender. Shopping malls present an idealized urban life in Turkey by providing individuals to articulate with Westernization, modernization, and globalization processes in their everyday lives. While the everyday life goes under transformation in the shopping malls through the juxtaposition of irrelevant spheres, they also become the center of attraction for different segments of population despite their restrictive dynamics such as socio-technological control. The subject of the mallified urban life is the consumer, while its culture rests on the intersection of modernization and globalization.

The Ida B. Wells Homes, the first black-occupied housing project built in Chicago, were completed in 1941. Throughout their construction and inhabitation, the black community in Chicago worked to create a self-contained space which would control the visibility/invisibility of its black inhabitants and, symbolically, the black community as a whole. Taking as theoretical grounding Katherine McKittrick’s work on garreting and Susan Lepselter’s work on license, this essay argues that the Ida B. Wells Homes were a South Side garret for the black community, a space in which freedom became defined by its own boundaries and wherein this freedom could work in tandem with dominant geographies of oppression to construct a “different” geographic story. This “different” geography intended to alter perceptions of black life by working against dominant geographic narratives that were prevalent at the time, such as those put forth by the Chicago School of Sociology. / text