Orientador: Helmut Troppmair / Banca: Lucy Marion Calderini Philadelpho Machado / Banca: Mirna Lygia Vieira / Banca: Marta Felícia Marujo Ferreira / Banca: Antonio Carlos Vitte / Resumo: Esta tese procura espacializar por bairro as diferentes categorias de crimes (furtos e roubos de veículos; roubos diversos - exceção de veículos; tráfico de entorpecentes e homicídio), relacionando-as a dados sócio-econômicos (anos de estudo e renda) e equipamentos urbanos relacionados à integração social e lazer, bem como saúde e estrutura etária, indicando assim, a real preocupação da degradação da qualidade de vida nestes espaços e possibilitando a elaboração de propostas viáveis ao planejamento urbano através de ações que permitam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos que vivem no Município de Jundiaí-SP, principalmente no que diz respeito à segurança pública. A principal razão que motivou a abordagem desta temática foi à preocupação com o que está ocorrendo de um modo geral em toda a sociedade, e de modo particular em Jundiaí, principalmente quando se percebe o aumento das taxas criminais, levantando incertezas quanto às perspectivas futuras. Analisar o impacto desse fenômeno, avaliar as suas repercussões em toda a estrutura social e a qualidade que a sua ausência implica no município, seria um trabalho de interesse indiscutível. Contudo, para melhor o compreender é inevitável conhecer os conceitos e a evolução que a ele estão associados, o papel do ambiente urbano e as características que estão associadas à realidade criminal, bem como detectar os principais problemas que daí decorrem. / Abstract: This thesis try to do a Spatial Distribution for the different crimes categories by district (stealing and vehicles robberies; diverse robberies - exception of vehicles; narcotics traffic and homicide). In addition, connecting it to the social-economic information (years of study and income), urban equipment related to the social integration and leisure. As well as health and structure of the population age, indicating the real concern of the quality life degradation in theses spaces and making possible the elaboration of the viable proposals to the urban planning through the actions that allow improving the quality life of the citizens who live in the City of Jundiaí (SP). The main reason that motivated the boarding of this thematic was the concern with what is in general occurring in all society and in the particular way in Jundiaí, when we noted the taxes criminal increasing, raising uncertainties whatever the future perspectives. To analyze the impact of this phenomenon, to evaluate its repercussions in all the social structure and the quality that yours privation implies in the city, would be a work of unquestionable interest. However, the best way to understanding it is inevitable to know the idea and the evolution that are associates to them, the role of the urban environment and the characteristics who are associates to the criminal reality, as well to detect the main problem. / Doutor

The objective of the thesis is to explore ways to assess safety in an urban context and intransport nodes. The thesis is composed of articles which aim at assessing whether safety levels vary within a city, at a public transportation network, particularly at stations, and finally making suggestions to increase safety in these environments. The analysis makes use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), statistical techniques and combines several different data sources. Fieldwork supports the data sources by presenting an investigation of the current environment at and around the underground stations in Stockholm. Regression models were used to assess the (strength) relationships between levels of crime and the socialand physical environment at underground stations. Findings show that urban crime in Stockholm municipality concentrates in stable hotspots, however, varying by type of crime, in different places at different times. A majority of the hotspots were located close to underground stations. The environment at underground stations has a significant impact on the crime levels at these transport nodes. For instance, low guardianship opportunities were related with higher crime rates, while well-illuminated and open stations showed lower crime rates. An open lay-out would provide better opportunities for guardianship, which in turn may decrease crime levels. The surrounding socio-economic composition of neighborhoods and the physical and social environment surrounding the stations affected crime levels similarly. For instance, mixed land-uses surrounding the station could be linked to increased crime rates. However, crime levels showed a varying distribution over time and space. Different stations showed different levels of crime at different times of the day, moreover, this also showed to be depended on crime type. For instance, theft wouldconcentrate at central stations at peak hours, when it is most crowded. The results include suggestions for policymakers and organizations dealing with urban safety, planning and public transportation, such as police, transportation companies and municipal planners. The results suggest that crime interventions should take into account the dynamic patterns of crime and adopt a more holistic approach taking into account the station and its surroundings. / <p>QC 20140211</p> / Safety in Transport Nodes: The Influence of Environmental Attrivutes on Crime and Perceived Safety

The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the question of urban crime and its relationship with the lower income groups in the cities by concentrating in the case study conducted in one of the deprived neighbourhoods of Ankara, namely Hidirliktepe. In the dominant conception on urban crime, there are two main assumptions / urban crime is partly an outcome of urbanization itself and the main actors of urban crime are deprived communities those living in the most deteriorated neighborhoods of the cities. The thesis challenges both assumptions by arguing that urbanization itself could not be accounted for the rising crime rates and it is unwarranted to argue that deprived communities are the main source of urban crime. Against this bias, in this thesis it is argued that the very same perception is used as a part of wider policy of isolation towards the lower income groups, and this social as well as the economic isolation and exclusion has important contributions to the rising crime rates in the deprived neighborhoods in urban areas. The findings of the case study conducted in Hidirliktepe, one of the neighborhoods where the most deprived communities of Ankara live, support these arguments.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 verona_ja_dr_rcla.pdf: 1629237 bytes, checksum: 9b0ab1e5b8b055f3d687bd032b5ba5a5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta tese procura espacializar por bairro as diferentes categorias de crimes (furtos e roubos de veículos; roubos diversos - exceção de veículos; tráfico de entorpecentes e homicídio), relacionando-as a dados sócio-econômicos (anos de estudo e renda) e equipamentos urbanos relacionados à integração social e lazer, bem como saúde e estrutura etária, indicando assim, a real preocupação da degradação da qualidade de vida nestes espaços e possibilitando a elaboração de propostas viáveis ao planejamento urbano através de ações que permitam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos que vivem no Município de Jundiaí-SP, principalmente no que diz respeito à segurança pública. A principal razão que motivou a abordagem desta temática foi à preocupação com o que está ocorrendo de um modo geral em toda a sociedade, e de modo particular em Jundiaí, principalmente quando se percebe o aumento das taxas criminais, levantando incertezas quanto às perspectivas futuras. Analisar o impacto desse fenômeno, avaliar as suas repercussões em toda a estrutura social e a qualidade que a sua ausência implica no município, seria um trabalho de interesse indiscutível. Contudo, para melhor o compreender é inevitável conhecer os conceitos e a evolução que a ele estão associados, o papel do ambiente urbano e as características que estão associadas à realidade criminal, bem como detectar os principais problemas que daí decorrem. / This thesis try to do a Spatial Distribution for the different crimes categories by district (stealing and vehicles robberies; diverse robberies - exception of vehicles; narcotics traffic and homicide). In addition, connecting it to the social-economic information (years of study and income), urban equipment related to the social integration and leisure. As well as health and structure of the population age, indicating the real concern of the quality life degradation in theses spaces and making possible the elaboration of the viable proposals to the urban planning through the actions that allow improving the quality life of the citizens who live in the City of Jundiaí (SP). The main reason that motivated the boarding of this thematic was the concern with what is in general occurring in all society and in the particular way in Jundiaí, when we noted the taxes criminal increasing, raising uncertainties whatever the future perspectives. To analyze the impact of this phenomenon, to evaluate its repercussions in all the social structure and the quality that yours privation implies in the city, would be a work of unquestionable interest. However, the best way to understanding it is inevitable to know the idea and the evolution that are associates to them, the role of the urban environment and the characteristics who are associates to the criminal reality, as well to detect the main problem.

This study examined the relationship between social structures and crime among rural white and urban black males in North Carolina through the theoretical framework of Merton's Anomie. Using demographic information on the state's inmate population provided by the North Carolina Department of Corrections, the subjects' individual characteristics were studied alongside community level conditions to establish whether anomic conditions did coincide with specific types of crimes and whether individuals from each group would commit the same types of crimes. The study population came from the rural counties of Graham, Alleghany, Swain, and Mitchell and the urban communities within Charlotte of Mecklenburg County. Univariate and Bivariate analysis were used to establish the significance and strength of any relationships between the variables. The findings indicated that while the category of offense was different for each group, the implied intent was the same. Both committed crimes that would benefit them in a pecuniary manner.

La carence des recherches académiques portant sur la problématique de l'insécurité urbaine dans le contexte particulier d'une ville affectée par une catastrophe majeure, nous a mené à investir cette problématique à travers le cas de la Nouvelle-Orléans et de la catastrophe Katrina. L'analyse de données criminelles inédites, complétée par un travail de terrain approfondi, a permis de « reconstituer » les évolutions spatiales et temporelles de la criminalité en lien avec la catastrophe Katrina. A court terme, Katrina a conduit à de nombreux « transferts » d'insécurité à l'échelle de la ville et des sites d'évacuation qui ont subi des « effets reportés » de la catastrophe. Néanmoins, l'analyse des données tant quantitatives et qualitatives permet de fortement nuancer certains discours qui ont orienté les réponses des gestionnaires. L'insécurité, notamment dans sa dimension subjective, a ainsi constitué une sérieuse entrave à la gestion de la crise, notamment à l'évacuation des victimes prises au piège par les inondations. A plus long terme, le retour progressif des populations évacuées s'est accompagné d'une criminalité violente qui avait connu une forte réduction au cours des premiers mois post Katrina. L'analyse des données criminelles menée à différentes échelles spatiales, permet d'envisager la criminalité comme une « grille de lecture » des transformations urbaines post catastrophe. D'autre part, les mutations urbaines rapides après Katrina ont affecté les représentations du danger qui ne se sont pas toujours ajustées à la nouvelle « réalité criminelle » des différents quartiers de la ville. L'approche systémique de l'insécurité urbaine post catastrophe permet de mettre en évidence une aggravation du risque criminel après Katrina à l'échelle de la ville en raison d'un affaiblissement prolongé des territoires en marge de la reconstruction où les activités criminelles ont pu proliférer. Dans la mesure où les catastrophes telles que Katrina peuvent conduire à un renforcement de l'insécurité urbaine, notamment à l'échelle des territoires les plus vulnérables, une plus grande considération de cette problématique par les chercheurs semble dès lors nécessaire. L'anticipation des conséquences qu'une catastrophe majeure peut avoir sur la sécurité d'une ville permettrait d'intégrer la question de l'insécurité urbaine dans les plans de gestion de crise et de reconstruction post catastrophe et ainsi de faciliter le processus de résilience urbaine. / The lack of academic research on “urban insecurity” in the context of a city affected by a major disaster led us to investigate this issue through the case of New Orleans and the Katrina disaster. The analysis of crime data, complemented by an intensive field work, allowed us to “recreate” the spatial and temporal evolution of crime related to Katrina. In the short term, Katrina let to numerous crime displacements in New Orleans and in the cities affected by indirect impacts from the disaster. Nonetheless, the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data allows to seriously play down the discourses which oriented the official responses to the disaster. Crime, in particular fear of crime, has represented a serious obstacle to the crisis management, especially to the evacuation of the residents trapped by the floods. In the longer term, the return of the inhabitants came along with the return of violent crime after a lull of several months after hurricane Katrina. The analysis of crime data at different spatial scales allows us to consider crime as a frame to “read” post disaster changes in urban dynamics. Besides, brutal changes in those dynamics and in the urban landscape have affected the perceptions of danger which didn't always adjust to the new “criminal trends” of the city's different neighborhoods. The holistic approach of post disaster “urban insecurity” allows us to highlight an increase of crime risk at the city scale after Katrina because of a long lasting weakening of territories that struggle to recover and where criminal activities have proliferated. Since disasters like Katrina can lead to an increase in urban insecurity, in particular in the most vulnerable territories, a better consideration of this issue by researchers seems therefore necessary. The anticipation of the consequences that a major disaster can have on urban security would allow to integrate the issue of crime and its prevention into disaster management and recovery plans and therefore to facilitate the process of urban resilience.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-24T17:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FÁBIO ROQUE DA SILVA ARAÚJO.pdf: 1582509 bytes, checksum: 8e10d75edde07fae378aaeb21a8a8cd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-24T17:03:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FÁBIO ROQUE DA SILVA ARAÚJO.pdf: 1582509 bytes, checksum: 8e10d75edde07fae378aaeb21a8a8cd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-24T17:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FÁBIO ROQUE DA SILVA ARAÚJO.pdf: 1582509 bytes, checksum: 8e10d75edde07fae378aaeb21a8a8cd3 (MD5) / A culpabilidade, elemento constitutivo da estrutura analítica do crime, desempenha papel de fundamental importância, na imposição e delimtação da sanção penal. Fruto da construção histórica de um Direito Penal racionalizado e tributário dos direitos fundamentais, a culpabilidade assentou-se sobre o primado do livre-arbítrio, compreendido como capacidade de autodeterminação individual. As recentes descobertas da neurociência cognitiva, acabam por propugnar a existência de um neurodeterminismo, que teria o condão de rechaçar a importância da culpabilidade, consagrando uma intervenção punitiva em descompasso com a dinâmica das relações sociais. A tese neurodeterminista e a consequente abolição da culpabilidade, porém, não possui procedência à luz do atual estágio de desenvolvimento da ciência, e da necessidade de um juízo de reprovação que fundamente a imposição da pena.

Submitted by RAUL DE SA DURLO null (durlo.raul@gmail.com) on 2016-11-29T01:51:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Durlo (2016) FINAL.pdf: 1806501 bytes, checksum: 74cd40ddb134f06e7c07175bed61a550 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-02T11:59:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 durlo_rs_me_arafcl.pdf: 1806501 bytes, checksum: 74cd40ddb134f06e7c07175bed61a550 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T11:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 durlo_rs_me_arafcl.pdf: 1806501 bytes, checksum: 74cd40ddb134f06e7c07175bed61a550 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo inferir sobre características e padrões espaços-temporais da criminalidade no contexto de uma grande cidade. O crime na sociedade é um problema complexo, que abrange um grande leque de interpretações e que passou a incorporar a agenda de pesquisa em economia principalmente após o trabalho seminal de Gary S. Becker (1968). De modo mais recente, é observado um crescente interesse nos aspectos geográficos da análise da criminalidade. Particularmente interessante é o fenômeno da criminalidade urbana, que em grandes centros apresentam padrões e dissimilaridades intra-regionais não negligenciáveis. A cidade de São Paulo é uma das grandes metrópoles mundiais, com quase 12 milhões de habitantes e com índices de criminalidade que impõem altos custos à qualidade de vida e ao bem-estar de seus habitantes. Neste trabalho, o fenômeno da criminalidade foi investigado do ponto de vista histórico e teórico, apontando os principais parâmetros para se interpretar o crime nas cidades. Posteriormente, discutiu-se a criminalidade no contexto do município de São Paulo com ênfase na década de 2000. Na abordagem empírica, as ocorrências de crimes contra pessoa e contra o patrimônio, registradas nos anos de 2003 e de 2013 nos distritos do município, foram relacionadas a varáveis socioeconômicas e de características do ambiente urbano por meio da metodologia SUR-espacial. Para comparabilidade entre Distritos Municipais e Distritos Policiais, foi formulada uma metodologia de agregação que os compatibilizassem em termos espaciais. Para detecção de não-aleatoriedade espacial nas ocorrências criminais foi calculada a estatística I de Moran. Os resultados corroboram com a hipótese de que o espaço urbano é importante para explicar a criminalidade em diversos aspectos, como por exemplo, as formas de uso do solo urbano, as condições de moradias e a proporção de empregos formais por moradores nos bairros. / The aim of this study is to infer about the crime and its spatial-temporal patterns and characteristics in the context of a big city. The crime in society is a complex issue, which covers a wide range of interpretations and began to incorporate the research agenda in economics especially after the seminal work of Gary S. Becker (1968). Recently, there has been a growing interest on geographical aspects in the analysis of crime. Particularly interesting is the urban crime phenomenon, which in large centers its patterns and intra-regional dissimilarities are not negligible. The city of São Paulo, in Brazil, is one of the world's great metropolises, with almost 12 million inhabitants and crime rates that impose high costs on the quality of life and well being of its inhabitants. In this study, the crime phenomenon was investigated by its historical and theoretical approach pointing out the main developments that account for interpreting the crime in cities. Thereafter, the crime was discussed in the São Paulo city context, with emphasis on 2000s. On the empirical approach, the criminal occurences against the person and the property in the years 2003 and 2013 by city districts were related with socioeconomic variables and urban environment features using the spatial-SUR methodology. In order to compare Municipal Districts with Police Districts, an aggregation methodology was formulated to merge them in spatial terms. Moreover, Moran I statistical was calculated for detection of spatial non-randomness on the criminal activities. The results corroborate the hypothesis that the urban space is important to explain the crime in many aspects, such as the forms of urban land use, the conditions of housing and the proportion of formal employment by residents in neighborhoods.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Pereira de Mattos.pdf: 3087708 bytes, checksum: 3e3a3dd5692aea7430c0f9395aaea885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis focuses on ontological insecurity. In psychology, insecurity is elaborated as substrate of personhood experience from socialization processes found in theoretical approaches of Winnicott and within a perspective of social psychology, Mead´s. Today insecurity is linked to the risks that are embedded in our daily practices including violent crime. Among the various possibilities for contact with crime, the media falls as one of them for being a discursivity which exercises the power to circulate versions of reality by the use of linguistic and semiotics resources, whose combination can produce greater power to convince the receiving public. Therefore, our main goal in this study is to demonstrate how news about violent crimes on television feed insecurity. From the theoretical standpoint of discursive psychology and social semiotics, we analyze three reports on two distinct television programs, in order to highlight the role that the images and spoken words perform in convincing and feeding insecurity. This analysis showed us that the dimensions of insecurity are fed when the media, in its discursive strategy, presents the world as uncertain and quite deceitful due to the moral positioning of the television news in relation to the deviant, by the use of specialized knowledge, portraying the victim's fragility and overall impunity. The use of images, articulated with verbal speech, leads us to realize the lack of humanity in others, the imponderable of the risks insofar anyone can suffer the same damages as the victim´s (identification) and the lack of support and protection in the sphere of Justice. All of this put together enhances the sense of insecurity and, the way the news is structured, there is no way to exempt the media from the intention of producing the effects that contribute to the culture of fear. The relevance of this study, as we see it, is the possibility of putting a spotlight over this process / Esta pesquisa tem como foco a insegurança ontológica. Na psicologia, a insegurança é trabalhada como substrato da experiência de pessoalidade a partir dos processos de socialização que encontramos nas teorizações de Winnicott e, dentro de uma perspectiva da psicologia social, nas de Mead. Na contemporaneidade a insegurança está associada aos riscos que atravessam nossas práticas cotidianas dentre elas a criminalidade violenta. Em meio às diversas possibilidades de contato com a criminalidade, a mídia se insere como uma delas por ser uma discursividade que exerce o poder de fazer circular versões de realidade pela utilização de recursos linguísticos e semióticos, cuja combinação pode produzir maior poder de convencimento frente ao público receptor. Portanto, objetivamos neste estudo demonstrar como notícias sobre criminalidade violenta veiculadas em telejornais alimentam a insegurança. A partir dos aportes da psicologia discursiva e da sociosemiótica, analisamos três reportagens em dois telejornais distintos, procurando destacar o papel que as imagens e os discursos falados exercem no convencimento e alimentação da insegurança. A análise nos mostrou que as dimensões da insegurança são alimentadas quando a mídia, em sua estratégia discursiva, apresenta o mundo como incerto e pouco confiável pelo posicionamento moral dos telejornais em relação ao desviante, pelo uso estratégico de saberes especializados, pela a maneira com que é retratada a fragilidade da vítima e a impunidade. O uso das imagens, articulados com o discurso verbal, nos remete à falta de confiança na humanidade do outro, à imponderabilidade dos riscos na medida em que qualquer um pode sofrer o mesmo agravo que a vítima (identificação) e à falta de suporte e acolhimento na esfera da Justiça. Todos esses elementos acionados potencializam as dimensões da insegurança e pela maneira como as notícias são estruturadas, não há como isentar a mídia de certa intencionalidade em produzir efeitos que visam contribuir para a cultura do medo. A relevância deste estudo, a nosso ver, deve-se a possibilidade de darmos visibilidade a este processo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa - Sumario.pdf: 209664 bytes, checksum: ea61e4ecb065c0b1f5009601a9865b0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-18 / As metrópoles brasileiras estão concentrando hoje a problemática social, cujo lado mais evidente e dramático é a exacerbação da violência. Neste cenário, os homicídios, em especial o juvenil, têm merecido crescente interesse tanto pela mídia, quanto pelo poder público e academia. A presente dissertação tem como pano de fundo a industrialização e suas consequências na formação do tecido urbano do Espírito Santo, particularmente, dos municípios de Anchieta e Guarapari, entre 1960 e 1980, mas pauta-se na reflexão sobre a formação de periferias, especificamente dos bairros Recanto do Sol e Mãe-bá em Anchieta e Adalberto Simão Nader e Kubistchek em Guarapari e sua relação com o processo de industrialização na região. Tais bairros são rotulados como sendo foco de criminalidade e que este perfil estaria relacionado uma característica cultural de sua população: regiões representadas como novas bahias , bairro dos baianos . Nesse sentido a dissertação descreve as etapas de industrialização brasileira, com recorte para a industrialização do Espírito Santo, com ênfase na no momento de superação de um modelo agrário-exportador para um modelo capitalista industrial e nos impactos na constituição do tecido urbano nas cidades. A pesquisa analisa o contexto de formação destes bairros, sob o foco do processo de urbanização, que pode ser representado pela superação da população rural pela urbana a partir da década de 1970. Tal fenômeno marca a expansão urbana da região, resultado do aumento do contingente populacional em função da oferta de mão de obra nos centros econômicos, em particular com o surgimento de indústrias. E apresenta um cenário de fragmentação do espaço urbano e de estigmatização da população migrante. A pesquisa justifica-se pela atual posição central da região sul no novo ciclo de desenvolvimento econômico do Estado. / The Brazilian cities are now concentrating on the social problem, whose side is more evident and dramatic exacerbation of violence. In this scenario, murders, especially the youth, have received growing interest by both the media and by government and academia. This dissertation has as background the industrialization and its consequences in shaping the urban fabric of the Holy Spirit, particularly the municipalities of Anchieta and Guarapari between 1960 and 1980, but is guided in considering the formation of suburbs, specifically the Corner neighborhood of the Sun and Mother-bah in Anchieta and Adalberto Simon Nader and Kubistchek Guarapari and its relation to the process of industrialization in the region. Such neighborhoods are labeled as the focus of crime and that this profile is related cultural characteristics of a population: regions represented as "new bays", "neighborhood of Bahia." In this sense the thesis describes the stages of industrialization, with a cutout for the industrialization of the Holy Spirit, with emphasis on the moment of overcoming the agrarian exporting to an industrial capitalist system impacts in the constitution of the urban cities. The research analyzes the context of formation of these districts, from the standpoint of the urbanization process, which can be represented by overcoming the urban rural population from the 1970s. This phenomenon marks the expansion of the urban region, a result of increased population group depending on the supply of labor in the economic centers, particularly with the emergence of industries. It presents a scenario of fragmentation of urban space and the stigmatization of migrants. The research is justified by the current central position in the south in the new cycle of economic development of the state