“Light memories” are visual episodic memories of a lighting composition that transcendedan emotional response. The study considers the memories and how they could be a wayto integrate users in the design process. Both designs and memories are considered twosubjective elements, for both designers and users. The purpose of the thesis is to firstly testif there are common light memories for users that share the same specifics of the cultureassociated to the availability of daylight and secondly to explore the possibility of creatinga design method to incorporate this light memory as a design tool, to recreate the similaremotional response of the memory in a newly designed setting. Two street typologies in Egypt were chosen to be the visual memories to be assessed. Apersonal daylight analysis was conducted to understand the designer’s perspective. And avirtual reality experiment was conducted along with descriptive questionnaire to understandthe emotional response of users to these streets. A comparison of the designer and usersresults helped in the creation of a scheme for design. The proposed method suggests theusage of perceptual tools such as the light distribution and contrast ratios and proposesthe analysis of the memory in terms of scales. The method is applied in the creation of twoexperiential models that abstract the essence of the light memories and puts them intoquestion for subjects to evaluate. The emotional response of users is recorded to evaluatethe method application. Based on the tests it was found that the existing of a common memory is possible. Theevaluation of the specific street memory through the experiential model results show that ahigh percentage among the users sharing the same daylight culture recognized the streets.Although most users had the same emotional responses to the models, but the agreementon the emotional percentage amongst them was lower than the recognition results.This indicates that the memory could be integrated into the design process but wouldn’tnecessarily have the same emotional impact on users. Having a strict design methodology isdifficult to implement yet could be an eye opener for ways to use the light memories.

This research entitled Images of the urban experience in contemporary painting began as an investigation into the consequences of urbanism such as human alienation and personal detachment. As a studio based research, this practice was based on five individual exhibitions of contemporary paintings accompanied by four underlying theoretical exegeses. These components together with the involvement in various group exhibitions, awards and professional practice documented in a research portfolio were developed over a three-year period. As each series of paintings was exhibited, new priorities and directions were established. These developments ranged from documentation of the decline in the conscious organisation of urban life images to the utilisation of media and techniques to promote greater fluidity and painting spontaneity. The theme of human alienation in this investigation developed into a focus on the existential predicament of place-bereft individuals. As the nature of location was brought into focus, an exploration of the influence and question of place emerged. This concept gave rise to an investigation into place-panic or human anxiety at the prospect of an unknown place. / Doctor of Creative Art

Motivation and Approach This thesis seeks to address the alienated urban experience facilitated by Government architecture within the CBD that has become the norm, namely exclusionary “objects as architecture”. The study will seek to counter public exclusion and establish interdepartmental connectivity thus aiding cohesion within Government as well as between Government and the public. Architectural Intention - Definition through Transparency Exploration will happen by redefining views of the public realm through the creation of an architectural experience that tackles legibility within both the public and private domains, thus engaging all users as valued actors in the spatial milieu. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tereza Raquel Arraes Alves Rocha.pdf: 548288 bytes, checksum: d0bdde3938bb92f099520c35232efea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / This is paper focuses on the analysis of the, gender of hybridism, urban experience and characters that permeate the book Ô Copacabana!, written by the brazilian João Antônio Ferreira Filho (1937-1996), published in 1978 by Editora Civilização Brasileira. Structuring elements of the universe of João Antônio s narrative, his unique characters show a marked tendency in his writing: the predilection for those who are marginalized by society. Working intensively with themes of urban underworld in large cities, the writer makes use of ordinary practitioners to decant and narrate experiences of violence, pain, disillusionment and survival in an environment that hits and harden. As the narratives ranging in poles of order and disorder, their characters have changes of positions that vary depending on the textual content, a hallmark that most part of the critics calls it reversibility. Thus, the humiliated and offended can be the oppressive in the next turn of the page. Considering that this feature presents itself as a copyright mark that elevates João Antônio to a status of importance in Brazilian s contemporary literature, this research will be presented by the analysis of his marginalized characters and themes. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise do hibridismo de gêneros, experiência urbana e personagens que permeiam o livro Ô Copacabana!, do escritor paulista João Antônio Ferreira Filho (1937-1996), lançado em 1978, pela editora Civilização Brasileira. Elementos estruturantes do universo narrativo de João Antônio, as personagens marcam uma tendência em sua escrita: a predileção pelos marginalizados sociais. Trabalhando intensamente com temas do submundo urbano das grandes metrópoles, o escritor lança mão desses praticantes ordinários para decantar e narrar experiências de violência, dor, desencanto e sobrevivência em um ambiente que os agride e oprime. Assim como as narrativas oscilam em pólos de ordem e desordem, suas personagens apresentam mudanças de posições que oscilam dependendo do contexto textual, uma marca distintiva que parte da crítica nomeia como reversibilidade. Assim, o humilhado e ofendido pode ser o opressor no próximo virar de página. Entendendo que essa característica apresenta-se como uma marca autoral que faz João Antônio importante na literatura brasileira contemporânea, será feita a análise dos seus marginalizados de papel.

LIMA, Daniel Mattos de Araujo. Imagens contemporâneas de espaço e tempo em Caio Fernando Abreu. 2007. 110f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2007. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-16T15:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-DMALIMA.pdf: 603182 bytes, checksum: 0709323c7dedd52e30b2f2caee77b50b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-16T15:29:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-DMALIMA.pdf: 603182 bytes, checksum: 0709323c7dedd52e30b2f2caee77b50b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-16T15:29:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-DMALIMA.pdf: 603182 bytes, checksum: 0709323c7dedd52e30b2f2caee77b50b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This essay discusses contemporary urban experience as presented in the fiction of Brazilian Writer Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996) with special attention to his imagery of time and space. The experience of individuals living in a consumer society produces particular modes of thought, action, feeling and loving which are related to contemporary perceptions of time and space. Errantry, loneliness, narcissism and impulsivity are some of the psychological features of postmodern subjectivity. Accelerated time and compact space developed/emerged specially in the second half of twentieth century along with new technologies of communication and transport seem connected to the new psychopathologies observed in typical contemporary urban life. Today’s social patterns gain fragile ties due to the reinforcement of values like dischargeability, emphasis on immediate present time and compulsion. Perception, attention and memory have changed according to substantial transformations in the historical and cultural context of late capitalism and these changes also occur on the levels of individual and collective conscience and interpretation of reality. Abreu’s literature present the various faces of contemporary processes of production of subjectivity in characters, plots and scenarios which represent global urban experience, with particular focus on Brazilian context and conditions of modernization. In fact his short-stories, novels and personal letters reveal deep social criticism to grievous situations in which individuals at the end of the century find themselves. Particularly his texts reflect on the singularities of Brazilian globalization experience which involve broad aspects broad aspects like the peripherical insertion of the nation in capitalism and some political paths that led to military dictatorship, as well as more intimate and subjective experiences figured in terms of values, dreams, fears, points of view of life and art shared by the writer and his generation. The result is a literature that reveals traits of countercultural and postmodernist tendencies in its themes and forms of narration. / A experiência urbana de espaço e de tempo na literatura do escritor Caio Fernando Abreu é o objeto de estudo dessa dissertação. As experiências subjetivas gestadas na cultura de consumo em que vivemos deflagram modos de pensar, agir, sentir e amar articulados às percepções de tempo e espaço do sujeito contemporâneo. Nomadismo, errância, solidão, narcisismo e impulsividade são algumas das características deste sujeito. O tempo é mais acelerado e o espaço mais compactado de modo que a velocidade forçada a que somos submetidos nos leva às psicopatologias contemporâneas típicas do ritmo de vida das grandes cidades. As formas de sociabilidade contemporâneas ganham laços mais tênues, tendo em vista que a cultura hoje enfatiza valores como a descartabilidade, o presente imediato, a emergência, o imediatismo das ações e a compulsão. A percepção, a atenção e a memória são transformadas num contexto histórico-cultural e individual-coletivo, de tal maneira que a interpretação da realidade e a consciência que o sujeito tem do mundo sofre significativas transformações. A literatura de Caio Fernando Abreu apresenta as diferentes faces dos processos de subjetivação contemporâneos em personagens, enredos e cenários figurativos da experiência urbana globalizada, lançando um olhar particularmente revelador de tais condições no contexto brasileiro. Com efeito, seus contos, romances e seu epistolário desvelam uma crítica social profunda à cultura contemporânea na tematização do espectro de situações nefastas em que está mergulhado o indivíduo no final do século XX. De modo mais incisivo, seus textos pensam as peculiaridades da experiência do brasileiro contemporâneo ligadas, entre outros fatores, à inserção periférica do país ao capitalismo, aos rumos da política nacional desde a ditadura militar e às vivências mais subjetivas em termos de valores, utopias, visões de vida e de arte para o escritor e para sua geração. O resultado é uma literatura que guarda traços da “contracultura” e do “pós-modernismo”, tanto em termos temáticos como nas formas de narrar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 19387358 bytes, checksum: 3926fa72d4442adf48e858510446915b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The landscape of contemporary cities, included João Pessoa, has been marked by conditions that demonstrate how the scale of man is being lost and how public space is not being guarded as a place for meetings and interaction between individuals. Nevertheless, it is still possible to find people who resist homogenization and standardization of this city model, enjoying their spaces and experiencing them. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify people who use and experience the city making the streets, sidewalks and plazas their sites to see and be seen. The focus of the investigation are the elderly and the search location is the center area of that capital. Methodological strategies as field observations and semi-structured interview, important tools in the field of architecture and urbanism were complemented by photography, drawing and photomontage were used. Thus, it is considered that this study rethinks policy issues such as the recent renovation of the central spaces in the city and their use / update the elderly population. Seeks to contribute to research that show the perception of the population in the city, especially from the memories and stories of their elders. Thus it was possible to investigate changes and continuities on the central space, discover elements of the history and culture of the area, such as parties, social relations of work and leisure, transportation, security, and see the relationship between the elderly and the location studied as a devious way to the problem of impoverishment of urban action. / A paisagem das cidades contemporâneas, incluso João Pessoa, tem sido marcada por condições que evidenciam como a escala do homem está sendo perdida e como o espaço público não vem sendo resguardado enquanto lugar de encontros e de interação entre os indivíduos. Apesar disso, ainda é possível encontrar pessoas que resistem à homogeneização e padronização desse modelo de cidade, usufruindo de seus espaços e vivenciando-os. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo é identificar pessoas que usam e experimentam a cidade fazendo das ruas, calçadas e praças seus locais de ver e ser visto. O foco da investigação são os idosos e o local de pesquisa é a área central da referida capital. Como estratégias metodológicas foram utilizadas a observação de campo e a entrevista semiestruturada, ferramentas importantes no campo da arquitetura e urbanismo que foram complementadas pela fotografia, o desenho e a fotomontagem. Assim, considera-se que esse estudo repensa questões como a política recente de renovação dos espaços centrais na cidade e a sua utilização/atualização pela população idosa. Busca contribuir com pesquisas que evidenciam a percepção da população na cidade, sobretudo a partir de memórias e relatos dos mais velhos. Dessa forma foi possível investigar mudanças e permanências relativas ao espaço central, descobrir elementos da história e cultura da área, como as festas, relações sociais de trabalho e lazer, transporte, segurança, e enxergar a relação entre os idosos e o local estudado como uma forma desviante à problemática do empobrecimento da ação urbana.

nÃo hà / A experiÃncia urbana de espaÃo e de tempo na literatura do escritor Caio Fernando Abreu à o objeto de estudo dessa dissertaÃÃo. As experiÃncias subjetivas gestadas na cultura de consumo em que vivemos deflagram modos de pensar, agir, sentir e amar articulados Ãs percepÃÃes de tempo e espaÃo do sujeito contemporÃneo. Nomadismo, errÃncia, solidÃo, narcisismo e impulsividade sÃo algumas das caracterÃsticas deste sujeito. O tempo à mais acelerado e o espaÃo mais compactado de modo que a velocidade forÃada a que somos submetidos nos leva Ãs psicopatologias contemporÃneas tÃpicas do ritmo de vida das grandes cidades. As formas de sociabilidade contemporÃneas ganham laÃos mais tÃnues, tendo em vista que a cultura hoje enfatiza valores como a descartabilidade, o presente imediato, a emergÃncia, o imediatismo das aÃÃes e a compulsÃo. A percepÃÃo, a atenÃÃo e a memÃria sÃo transformadas num contexto histÃrico-cultural e individual-coletivo, de tal maneira que a interpretaÃÃo da realidade e a consciÃncia que o sujeito tem do mundo sofre significativas transformaÃÃes. A literatura de Caio Fernando Abreu apresenta as diferentes faces dos processos de subjetivaÃÃo contemporÃneos em personagens, enredos e cenÃrios figurativos da experiÃncia urbana globalizada, lanÃando um olhar particularmente revelador de tais condiÃÃes no contexto brasileiro. Com efeito, seus contos, romances e seu epistolÃrio desvelam uma crÃtica social profunda à cultura contemporÃnea na tematizaÃÃo do espectro de situaÃÃes nefastas em que està mergulhado o indivÃduo no final do sÃculo XX. De modo mais incisivo, seus textos pensam as peculiaridades da experiÃncia do brasileiro contemporÃneo ligadas, entre outros fatores, à inserÃÃo perifÃrica do paÃs ao capitalismo, aos rumos da polÃtica nacional desde a ditadura militar e Ãs vivÃncias mais subjetivas em termos de valores, utopias, visÃes de vida e de arte para o escritor e para sua geraÃÃo. O resultado à uma literatura que guarda traÃos da âcontraculturaâ e do âpÃs-modernismoâ, tanto em termos temÃticos como nas formas de narrar. / This essay discusses contemporary urban experience as presented in the fiction of Brazilian Writer Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996) with special attention to his imagery of time and space. The experience of individuals living in a consumer society produces particular modes of thought, action, feeling and loving which are related to contemporary perceptions of time and space. Errantry, loneliness, narcissism and impulsivity are some of the psychological features of postmodern subjectivity. Accelerated time and compact space developed/emerged specially in the second half of twentieth century along with new technologies of communication and transport seem connected to the new psychopathologies observed in typical contemporary urban life. Todayâs social patterns gain fragile ties due to the reinforcement of values like dischargeability, emphasis on immediate present time and compulsion. Perception, attention and memory have changed according to substantial transformations in the historical and cultural context of late capitalism and these changes also occur on the levels of individual and collective conscience and interpretation of reality. Abreuâs literature present the various faces of contemporary processes of production of subjectivity in characters, plots and scenarios which represent global urban experience, with particular focus on Brazilian context and conditions of modernization. In fact his short-stories, novels and personal letters reveal deep social criticism to grievous situations in which individuals at the end of the century find themselves. Particularly his texts reflect on the singularities of Brazilian globalization experience which involve broad aspects broad aspects like the peripherical insertion of the nation in capitalism and some political paths that led to military dictatorship, as well as more intimate and subjective experiences figured in terms of values, dreams, fears, points of view of life and art shared by the writer and his generation. The result is a literature that reveals traits of countercultural and postmodernist tendencies in its themes and forms of narration.

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a maneira pela qual a cidade e o cotidiano do Rio de Janeiro da década de 50 são representados por Nelson Rodrigues nas crônicas de A vida como ela é e de Pouco amor não é amor publicadas, respectivamente, no jornal Última Hora e no Jornal da Semana - FLAN, e em três tragédias cariocas: A falecida (1953), Os sete gatinhos (1958) e Boca de ouro (1959). Considerando-se que as peças de Nelson se aproximam do trágico grego apenas no que diz respeito a determinados temas e elementos, uma vez que o gênero trágico sofreu transformações ao longo dos séculos, levando a discussões acerca da possibilidade de uma tragédia moderna, este estudo procura, em um primeiro momento, investigar o conceito de tragédia na escrita rodrigueana e o modo como ele pode ser entendido nas peças situadas no Rio de Janeiro, diferenciando-se das peças míticas e psicológicas. Parte-se da premissa que a partir de A vida como ela é e de Pouco amor não é amor Nelson transitou das tragédias universais para as tragédias cariocas. Além da abordagem de temas recorrentes em sua obra como amor, morte, sexo, traição, jogo e imprensa, o autor experimentava, nessas crônicas, novos personagens e conflitos, valendo-se de uma linguagem coloquial, mais próxima à fala cotidiana carioca. Dessa forma, após uma análise dessa nova escrita rodrigueana, busca-se investigar como o espaço urbano carioca - zona sul, zona norte, centro e subúrbio - não serve apenas como cenário, mas delineia situações e conflitos dos personagens nas três tragédias cariocas estudadas. / [en] The aim of this investigation is to analyse the way in which the city and the daily life of 1950 s Rio de Janeiro are represented by Nelson Rodrigues in A vida como ela é and Pouco amor não é amor, published in the 1950 s in the newspapers Última Hora and Jornal da Semana - FLAN, respectively, and in three Carioca tragedies: A falecida (1953), Os sete gatinhos (1958) and Boca de ouro (1959). Considering that Rodrigues s plays can only be related to Greek tragic drama with regard to certain themes and elements, since the tragic genre underwent changes throughout centuries, leading to discussions on the possibility of a modern tragedy, this investigation first attempts to examine the concept of tragedy in Rodrigues s writing and the way in which it can be perceived in the plays located in Rio, differently from his mythical and psychological plays. It is assumed that since Rodrigues s short stories from A vida como ela é and Pouco amor não é amor, the writer moved from universal tragedies to Carioca tragedies. Besides the approach to recurring themes in his work such as love, death, sex, betrayal, game and the press, the writer experimented with new characters and conflicts in these short stories, using a more colloquial language closer to daily carioca speech. Thus, after an analysis of this new Rodriguean writing, an investigation is carried out into how the Carioca urban area - south zone, north zone, downtown and suburbs – is not only suitable as a setting, but also outlines situations and conflicts of characters in the three Carioca tragedies studied.

[pt] No fim da década de 90, o mundo assistiu a um boom do romance policial. Na pós-modernidade, com a retomada dos gêneros literários, as narrativas de mistério ganham força e atingem o mercado editorial brasileiro. Mas o policial chega repaginado para o leitor. Não que os elementos da trama dedutiva ou do noir tenham desaparecido nas histórias contemporâneas, mas o formato conhecido e aceito pelo público vem sendo usado para aprofundar questões da sociedade contemporânea. A presente dissertação procura, portanto, mostrar como as narrativas policiais pensam a sociedade, enquanto lêem a cidade. Para isso, são privilegiados os livros escritos por Luiz Alfredo Garcia- Roza, com o delegado Espinosa como protagonista. Teorias sobre a vida nas metrópoles e a forma como o homem reage aos seus efeitos são articuladas na leitura das representações da cidade. O estudo começa ligando o nascimento do romance dedutivo e o surgimento do noir a grandes transformações que a sociedade e os centros urbanos sofriam naqueles momentos. E procura mostrar que a cidade é mais do que um simples cenário para as tramas se desenrolarem. Analisa a retomada do gênero na pós-modernidade e o desenvolvimento do policial no Brasil. E investiga, ainda, a presença do policial na Internet, percorrendo sites dedicados ao gênero. Tão ligada à paisagem urbana, as narrativas de mistério tomaram também o terreno virtual, aparentemente sem fronteiras. / [en] In the end of 90 s the world observe a boom of detective stories. In the post-modernity the literary kinds of narratives were very used again and the mystery stories were a success in the publisher market, even in Brazil, country where this kind of narrative never developed. But the detective stories, in this period, started to present some differences. Not that the classic elements weren t there, but, nowadays, they discuss aspects of the contemporary society. This work will observe how this kind of literature thinks the society and talk about the city life at the same time. The books of Luiz Alfredo Garcia- Roza, with Espinosa detective as the protagonist, were privileged in this work. Theories about the life in the contemporary cities and how people react to the effects of this kind of life were articulated with the reading of the metropolis representations. This study shows how the beginning of the detective stories were related with the big transformations that society were living in those days. The cities never were just a stage setting for the detective and his investigation. This work discuss this kind of narrative in the pos-modernity and the late success in the brazilian publisher market. And, because the detective narrative was always so connected with the city, the study observed too how those stories are in internet.

《心城》描寫主角馬修的邂逅戀情和著墨他平日對倫敦市景的冥想。兼具建築師專業和都市行人特質使他更能洞察倫敦，而其城市冥想和四位時代的敘述者交替更迭，《心城》編織出層層刮覆式和萬花筒般視界。若簡化看待交錯的今昔倫敦時空，《心城》不是被視為情節貧乏空有冥想，就是被冠上賴芙莉以往作品中貫有特色的印記─即強調歷史和記憶。因此本論文企圖利用馬修的城市經驗來重新檢視《心城》，並漸次引申城市論述中互為錯綜的三面向：現代性、空間和心靈。 本論文第一章說明賴芙莉的研究價值和生平、摘要小說、回顧評論，和闡述如何以城市經驗的三面向為研究重心。第二章探討《心城》的現代性面向，馬修扮演和修飾波特萊爾型和班雅明式的漫遊者(the flâneur)，以簡克斯提出的「步行方法論者」(walking methodologist)強化馬修和現代性的聯繫。第三章探討《心城》的空間面向，以傅柯的「異質空間」(heterotopias)和列斐伏爾的「空間生產」(production of space)討論馬修的空間經驗，而《心城》不僅是倫敦的城市文本並呈現特殊「時空壓縮」(time-space compression)型態的空間文本。第四章探討《心城》的心靈面向，以齊莫爾提出的「神經刺激的強化」(intensification of nervous stimulation)和班雅明對現代都市反省出的「震驚」(shock) 和「憂鬱」(melancholy)輔助論述城市和馬修的心靈互動，並指出馬修的心理狀態與四位倫敦歷史人物亦互相映照。希冀透過檢視《心城》能從中反省文學作品中的城市形象和城市經驗。 / City of the Mind (hereinafter CM), Penelope Lively's ninth novel (1991), is about Matthew Halland's budding love story and his meditation on London. As an erudite walking architect, Matthew gives a portrait of a metropolis. Due to the textured images of the cityscape, his narration is periodically punctuated with the episodes of four different historical figures. Lively builds up a palimpsest and kaleidoscopic web where time and space collide. However, most book reviews and scholar critics either regard CM as a novel with a thin plot or think of it as a repeat of Lively's consistent concern, the operation of memory and history. I think otherwise. Since CM is a book about the city of London, Matthew's urban experience braids together from modernity displayed by walkabouts, the production of urban space, and a metropolitan mind. The first chapter clarifies the scholarly value of the Lively study, marks the influence of her unusual childhood in WWII Egypt, gives a summary of CM in a palimpsest and kaleidoscopic vision, discusses previous approaches to CM, and points out the scaffoldings for a troika of my study—modernity, space, and mind. In Chapter Two, I first explain the Baudelairean poetic flâneur and the Benjaminian Marxist flâneur, and support Chris Jenks's walking methodologist or the flâneur in the (post)modern city with which Matthew modifies the flâneur and revisits modernity or contemporaneity. In Chapter Three, I notice Matthew-as-architect walker with a flair for the spatiality of the urban spectacle. The influence of space piques Matthew to experience Michel Foucault's “heterotopias” and Henri Lefebvre's “production of space.” Because space and time are not mutually exclusive, I propose a concept of time-space compression with which CM as a spatial text represents a particular sort of urban space. In Chapter Four, as the book title suggests, I explore how the city sophisticates mental life. I take Georg Simmel's “intensification of nervous stimulation” and Walter Benjamin's “shock” and “melancholy” to describe how a metropolitan mind like Matthew's subtly interacts with a metropolis. Especially, four different historical figures resonating in London are counterparts of Matthew's psyche. A final concluding chapter emphasizes that the trio of my study on CM reflect upon urban representations and upon metaphors and metamorphosis in city fiction.