O trabalho apresentado debate sobre a luta social e a produção das cidades, a partir de três ocupações de vazios urbanos na Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), por um movimento social de luta pela moradia, o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Teto (MTST). Analisando a trajetória deste movimento, em torno do cotidiano dos conflitos gerados por estas ocupações, a dissertação pretende identificar os atores e as relações de poder envolvidas na produção desses espaços, apontando para as formas atuais de produção da cidade. / The debates the social struggle and the production of the cities analysed from three informal urban occupations, held in Campinas Metropolitan Region, by a Homeless Workers Movement - Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Teto (MTST). Analysing the movement trajectory around the everyday conflicts in these occupations, the dissertation aims to identify the actors and the power relations involved in the territorial production, pointing to the current production in the city.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-07-01T19:39:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) O desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval- PelotasRS.pdf: 2213552 bytes, checksum: fa73a5526ff44b016cad6e09f552103f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-07-05T15:05:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval- PelotasRS.pdf: 2213552 bytes, checksum: fa73a5526ff44b016cad6e09f552103f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-07-05T15:06:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval- PelotasRS.pdf: 2213552 bytes, checksum: fa73a5526ff44b016cad6e09f552103f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T15:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 O desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval- PelotasRS.pdf: 2213552 bytes, checksum: fa73a5526ff44b016cad6e09f552103f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Sem bolsa / O loteamento Ceval, em Pelotas/RS é o objeto deste estudo, ele é um espaço urbano produto da pobreza urbana. Esta pobreza está alocada nos espaços da cidade que não interessam ao capital, isto é, loteamentos clandestinos, vilas, favelas. De modo geral, estes espaços são terrenos públicos ou privados que estão ociosos no espaço urbano e uma das estratégias que os pobres urbanos encontram para adentrar o urbano é a ocupação. Esta dissertação se propõe analisar o desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval desde a ocupação em 2002 até os dias atuais. A metodologia escolhida é a pesquisa qualitativa e como procedimentos utilizou-se: a observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com quatro categorias de moradores: antigos, intermediários, novos e líderes. Estes por sua vez, contribuíram para analisar a ocorrência de desenvolvimento sócio-espacial no loteamento Ceval. O desenvolvimento sócio-espacial baseia-se na autonomia (individual e coletiva), na qualidade de vida e justiça social, pois são estes os parâmetros que norteiam a análise. Como resultados desta proposta, pode-se dizer que, os moradores do loteamento Ceval tiveram autonomia enquanto lutavam por suas moradias e melhorias no loteamento, após isso a autonomia deu lugar ao desânimo. Estando a autonomia prejudicada a qualidade de vida e justiça social também condicionam-se a mesma situação. Assim, analisou-se que, houve um desenvolvimento sócio-espacial parcial no loteamento Ceval. / The object of this study is the Ceval subdivision, in the city of Pelotas at RS (Rio Grande do Sul), Brazil. This urban space is a product of the urban poverty. This kind of poverty is allocated on places in the city that does not interest the capital, illegal settlements, villa, slums. In general, spaces like this are idle public or private lands at the urban territories and one of the strategies find by the poor urban people to enter at the urban place is the territorial occupation. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the sociospacial development in the Ceval subdivision since its occupation in, 2002, to the present days. The methodology chosen is the qualitative research and procedures: the observation and the semistructured interviews. The interviews are realizes with four categories residents: ancients, intermediate, news and leaders. This in turn, contributed to analyze the occurrence of sociospacial development in the Ceval subdivision. The sociospacial development is bases on autonomy (individual or collective), quality of life and social justice. This are the parameters that guide this analyze. As results from this purpose, their told that, the dwellers of Ceval subdivision had had autonomy while they fight for their homes and subdivision improvements, after that the autonomy gave rise by the selfishness. When the autonomy is impaired the quality of life and social justice, both are in the same situation. So, the analyze showed that there was a partial sociospacial development in the Ceval subdivision.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago_Lemoes_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 1252830 bytes, checksum: bbd8464a7f21c3265b0c91b69f969dc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-22 / By an anthropological approach, this study discusses the relations maintained, created and updated by both men and women on the streets in the center of Pelotas/RS. To discuss these relationships, the research is structured from a threefold approach: the continuity of family relationships in the context of the streets; strategies for building and maintaining links with different characters in the public space of sociability; and codes that guide the establishment of relationships between pairs on the streets. From the ethnographic method,the research finds: family relationships as part of a broader relational circuit which includes street and the characters with which they interact in this space; discusses also the mechanisms of construction and perpetuation of bonds with different social segments in the streets context, considering the dynamics of material and symbolic exchanges fought in these relationships. Finally, analyzes of social codes that shape the formation of groups in the streets and the establishment of diffuse and enduring links between those involved / Por uma abordagem antropológica, este estudo problematiza as relações mantidas, criadas e atualizadas por homens e mulheres em situação de rua no centro de Pelotas/RS. Para discutir estas relações, a pesquisa estrutura-se a partir de um tríplice enfoque: a continuidade das relações familiares no contexto das ruas; as estratégias de construção e manutenção de vínculos com diferentes personagens no espaço público; e os códigos de sociabilidade que orientam a constituição de vínculos entre os pares em situação de rua. A partir do método etnográfico, a pesquisa localiza as relações familiares como partede um circuito relacional mais amplo, que engloba a rua e os personagens com os quais interagem neste meio; discute, igualmente, os mecanismos de construção e perpetuação de vínculos com diferentes segmentos sociais no contexto das ruas, considerando a dinâmica das trocas materiais e simbólicas travadas nestas relações; e, por fim, analisa os códigos de sociabilidade que estruturam a formação de grupos em situação de rua e preparam o terreno para a constituição de vínculos difusos e duradouros entre os envolvidos

[pt] O presente trabalho tem, por fim, analisar o procedimento de regularização fundiária como um instrumento de defesa do direito social à moradia no espaço urbano. Nesse sentido, serão apresentados o conceito e a evolução teórica do direito social à moradia, bem como as tensões sociais que contribuíram para a sua previsão atual. Para além, será apresentado o conceito de regularização fundiária sob uma interpretação plena, seus instrumentos de aplicação e sua competência para se verificar como um importante aliado na luta pela concretização do direito à moradia. Por fim, serão apresentadas as razões para que se defenda uma política pública ampla e contínua de regularização fundiária no espaço urbano brasileiro. / [en] This paper is headed to the analysis of the procedure of land regulation as an instrument for the defense of Social Right of Housing in Urban Space. To reach that point, it will be presented the concept and the historical evolution of the social right of housing, as well as social tensions that contributed for present prevision. Beyond that, it will be presented the concept of land regulation under a wide sense interpretation, its applying instruments and its talent as an important alliance in the struggle for fulfilling the right of housing. At last, it will be presented the reasons by which it is needed the defense of a wide and continuous land regulation public policy in brazilian urban space.

Orientador: Regina Célia Bega dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_IsaacRodrigues_M.pdf: 5444174 bytes, checksum: 0e963446dfd6b7c9bc260690081b94b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute a problemática da mobilidade urbana na metrópole paulistana, tendo como recorte espacial de análise a região Sudoeste, cujos municípios têm diferenças entre si no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de meios de transporte e de integração entre os modais, fenômeno que resulta em maior e menor mobilidade das pessoas que circulam diariamente pelo espaço urbano metropolitano, sobretudo em relação ao trajeto da moradia para o trabalho e vice versa. Sendo assim, os únicos beneficiados com um sistema de transporte desigual, do ponto de vista qualitativo entre os diversos lugares, sem dúvida são os empresários, que reproduzem seu capital de forma continua, sendo que o trabalhador paga alto preço para circular pela região metropolitana. Assim, a mobilidade é um dos elementos mais essenciais para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e para que haja uma apropriação efetiva do espaço urbano, sobretudo por parte dos mais pobres, para que haja, de fato, uma vivência plena no espaço urbano / Abstract: On this Master Thesis it will be discussed the issue of urban mobility in the metropolis of São Paulo, focusing the analysis to the Southwest region, whose municipalities have differences among themselves regarding to the availability of ways of transport and integration between modes, a phenomenon that results in higher and lower mobility of people circulating daily around the metropolitan urban space, especially towards to the route of their houses to work and vice versa. Therefore, the only benefited from an unequal transportation system, from a qualitative point of view among different locations, doubtless are the entrepreneurs who reproduce their capital continuously, because of the high prices paid by simple workers to circulate the around the metropolitan area. Thus, mobility is one of the most essential elements for the development of society and in order to create an effective appropriation of urban space, especially for the poorest people, and, in fact, provide a full experience in urban space / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

L’objet de cette thèse est de comprendre l’évolution d’une ville sur toute la durée de son existence. Elle se fonde sur le cas de Noyon, dont l’origine remonte au 1er s. apr. J.-C. La démarche est schématiquement décomposée en trois temps. Il s’agit tout d’abord d’étudier la structure intra-urbaine fonctionnelle et d’en identifier la trajectoire sur 2 000 ans. Puis nous appréhendons la position relative de la ville – saisie d’un point de vue politico-administratif, économique et spatial – par rapport aux autres villes avec lesquelles elle est en interaction. La confrontation de la trajectoire intra-urbaine et de la position relative de la ville permet enfin d’examiner ce qui unit l’histoire d’une ville avec l’histoire des villes avec lesquelles elle fait système. La très longue durée considérée fait émerger deux enjeux majeurs. D’une part, les sociétés étudiées sur 2 000 ans sont très différentes. L’enjeu est donc de les comparer, ce qui implique de questionner la pérennité de la signification des objets spatio-temporels étudiés pour reconstituer leurs trajectoires. D’autre part, cette approche requiert l’étude de données archéologiques, textuelles et iconographiques, qui sont lacunaires et imprécises, en particulier pour l’étude de phénomènes à petite échelle. Un des défis du travail consiste donc à mener une véritable enquête à partir de laquelle on doit cumuler les indices pour tenter de reconstituer d’anciennes réalités spatiales. Tout cela demande finalement d’élaborer de nouvelles approches méthodologiques et d’expliciter les chemins relatifs à la construction des connaissances afin de proposer une étude des villes en système sur le temps long qui soit reproductible. / This doctoral research seeks to understand the evolution of a city along the entire duration of its existence. The research is built upon the case-study of Noyon, a French city founded in the 1st century AD. Our approach can be synthesised in three steps. First of all, we assess the functional intra-urban structure so as to establish the trajectory of the city over 2 000 years. Then, we identify the relative position of the city within the system of cities it interacts with. This position is studied in terms of political, administrative and economic features. Finally, by confronting the intra-urban trajectory and the relative position of the city, we can investigate to what extent the history of a city and the history of the other cities of the system are united. The vastly long term considered raises two main issues. Firstly, the societies studied, over 2 000 years, are highly distinct. Comparing them involves to question the consistency of the definition of spatio-temporal entities, in order to study their trajectories. Secondly, this method requires to work with archaeological, textual and iconographic data, which are sporadic and scarce, especially when studying large scales processes. This turns a large part of our research into an investigation where many clues have to be collected in order to retrace some long-disappeared spatial configurations and facts. All of this requires new methodologies, along with a need to unambiguously delineate the paths relative to knowledge building, in order to offer a reproducible study of cities in systems over the long term.

Syfte: Det offentliga rummet består av ett flertal olika delar där gatan är en utav degrundläggande beståndsdelarna. En av de vitala aspekterna som avgör hur väl ettoffentligt rum är utformat är huruvida det uppfattas som levande eller förlorat. För attmänniskor ska vilja vistas i rummet behöver det vara något som lockar dem till platsen,något som gör den levande. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en bättre förståelse förvad som skapar en levande miljö i det offentliga rummet samt hur förlorade ytor kanreduceras. Ett designförslag för Trädgårdsgatan kommer att gestaltas som sedanutvärderas med både användare och en projektledare för stadsutveckling på JönköpingsStadsbyggnadskontor för att klargöra hur offentliga gågator kan bidra till en merlevande stadsmiljö. Metod: Enkäter, observationer, intervjuer, litteratur- och dokumentstudier har använtsför att besvara undersökningens mål och frågeställningar samt skapa en grund fördesignförslaget. Enkäter har skickats ut till brukare av Trädgårdsgatan för insamling avåsikter och utvärdering. Observationer har genomförts på Trädgårdsgatan för att skapaen helhetsbild av gatans positiva och negativa aspekter i nuläget. En intervju med enprojektledare för stadsutveckling på Jönköpings Stadsbyggnadskontor har gjorts för fåen inblick i hur de arbetar med levande miljöer i staden. Slutligen har även endokumentstudie utförts med syfte att lyfta relevanta teorier. Resultat: Svaren insamlade från enkäten gav en djupare förståelse och bekräftelse avvad brukarna av Trädgårdsgatan önskar förbättras. Vidare har intervjun medprojektledaren givit en tydlig inblick i deras arbetssätt samt ökat förståelsen för hurarbetet med den offentliga miljön går till i Jönköping. Litteraturstudien har utvecklatkunskapen om attraktiva ytor, problem som ofta uppstår samt vad som behövs för attreducera de förlorade ytorna i staden. Ett designprogram skapades sedan baserat påenkätsvaren och litteraturstudien. Designprogrammet låg till grund för detdesignförslag som skapades för att visualisera de framtagna förbättringspunkterna. Konsekvenser: Stadsbyggnadskontoret arbetar aktivt med utformningen av levandemiljöer och vid skapandet av nya ytor finns det tydliga styrdokument som kanunderlätta både arbetet och utvärderingen av resultatet. Dock finns det många krav attuppfylla vilket kan göra det svårt att hitta en optimal lösning. Det finns många faktorersom bidrar till en levande miljö i gaturummet men det är samspelet mellan dem sombestämmer hur gatan upplevs. Därmed krävs en tydlig plan och tydliga metoder för hurstaden ska se ut i framtiden för att projektet ska lyckas. Begränsningar: Studien är begränsad till endast gaturum och diskuterar därför inteplatser och portaler. Vidare fokuserar studien även på perspektivet levande och attraktivmiljö och utesluter andra perspektiv. Covid-19-pandemin har påverkat och begränsatvalet av metoder då intervjuer med människor på Trädgårdsgatan inte längre varmöjligt. Nyckelord: urban space, levande stadsmiljö, gågator, förlorade ytor / Purpose: The urban space consist of many different components and the street is oneof the most basic components. One of the most vital aspects that determine how wellan urban space is designed is based on if it is perceived as a living or dead. Public placesneed something that attracts people something that makes it come alive. The aim of thisstudy is to create a better understanding of what creates compelling environments in theurban space and how lost spaces can be reduced. A design proposal of Trädgårdsgatanin Jönköping will be established and evaluated together with the inhabitants ofJönköping and the city planning office to clarify how pedestrian streets can contributeto a livelier city environment. Method: Surveys, observations, interviews, and a literature study has been used toanswer the goals and questions of the study. These will at the same time provide focalpoints for the design proposal. The survey has been sent out to users of Trädgårdsgatanto gather their opinion and for further evaluation. The aim of the observations was tocreate an overview of the current positive and negative aspects of Trädgårdsgatan. Aninterview with a project manager from the city planning office was done do get an insideview of how they work when creating compelling environments in the city. Lastly adocument study has been conducted with the goal of highlighting relevant theories. Findings: The answers generated from the survey has given a deeper understandingand confirmation of what the users of Trädgårdsgatan want to be improved.Furthermore, the interview with the city planning office has given an insight in howthey work with the urban space in Jönköping. The literature study has widened theknowledge about attractive areas, problems that often occur as well as what is neededto reduce lost space in the city. A design program was then created based on the answersfrom the survey together with the findings from the literature study. The design programwas the basis for the design proposal that was created to visualize the proposedimprovements. Implications: The city planning office is working actively with the creation ofcompelling environments and when making new areas there are clear guidelines theyfollow. These guidelines can both help during the creating of new areas and theevaluation of those areas. These guidelines contain many requirements which can makeit hard to find an optimal solution. There are many factors that contribute to a dynamicenvironment in the street, but it is the interplay between them that decide how the spaceis perceived. Therefore, it is necessary to have a plan for how the city will be designedin the future for the project to succeed. Limitations: The study is limited to city streets and will therefore not examine portalsor places. Furthermore, will the study be based on the perspective of livelyenvironments and will therefore not use other perspectives such as political andeconomic. The Covid-19-pandemic has affected and restricted the choices of methodsused for research because it was not possible anymore to interview people on the street. Keywords: urban space, living city environments, pedestrian streets, lost space

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of terrorist attacks on Instagram content that is shared in the immediate surroundings of locations where the attacks took place. Its primary focus is the transformation of the image of urban space near the Bataclan music club in Paris as a result of terrorist attacks in November, 2015. Using the visual content analysis of user photographs and the theoretical background of the theory of photography, visual studies and memory studies, the author investigates what image of the given place is created by shared photographs in the time before, during and after the attacks. The main conclusion is that terrorist attacks have a significant impact on the Instagram content, but it is rather short-term and their ratio of content gradually decreases over the course of six months. The thesis also presents a comparative analysis of the content shared at the time of the attacks in Paris in 2015 and in Brussels in 2016. It aims to reveal similarities as well as differences in the image of these attacks on Instagram. Above all, this analysis confirms a strong similarity of user content in all locations, but at a more detailed level it also points to their local specifics such as different forms of communication by sharing various mottos and symbols.

La thèse consacrée au thème Le Principat d’Hadrien : organisation de l’espace urbain et administration territoriale de l’Empire, est structurée en trois parties. La première partie, Hadrien au sommet du pouvoir, représente une introduction sur les caractéristiques de l’Empire d’Hadrien concernant l’accès au pouvoir du successeur de Trajan, la propagande et l’idéologie du pouvoir du princeps, la réforme de l’armée et la nouvelle politique de défense activée par l’empereur. La deuxième partie, Hadrien, Rome et les cités en Occident, est contient l’analyse des actions administratives et édilitaires qu’Hadrien a menées en faveur de l’Vrbs et des cités situées aussi bien en Italie que dans les provinces occidentales de l’Empire. La troisième partie, Hadrien, Athènes et les cités en Orient, contient l’analyse des actions administratives et édilitaires qu’Hadrien a menées en faveur des cités situées dans les provinces orientales de l’Empire. / This PhD dissertation explores the organization of the urban space and territorial administration during Hadrian's reign. The first part, Hadrian at the peak of power, is an introduction to the characteristics of Hadrian's Empire concerning the access to power of Trajan's successor, the propaganda and his ideology of power, the reform of the army and the new defense policy he activated. The second part, Hadrian, Rome and the cities in the West, contains the analysis of the administrative and editorial actions that Hadrian carried out in favor of the Vrbs and the cities located in Italy as well as in the west Provinces of the Empire. The third part, Hadrian, Athens and the cities in the East, encloses the analysis of the administrative and editorial actions that Hadrian carried out in favour of Athens and the cities located in the eastern provinces.

[pt] Esta tese apresenta uma leitura decolonial das formas através das quais a violência atravessa imaginações, materialidades e experiências na e sobre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Argumenta-se que é a violência produtora e reprodutora das representações, das formas de gestão urbana e das vivências cotidianas que coexistem e se cruzam no Rio de Janeiro, como cidade que busca se construir como pós-colonial. Para tal, discute-se a relação entre violência e a cidade a partir de quatro pontos de contato. Em primeiro lugar, a tese apresenta o conceito de cidade-violência, a partir da qual é construída uma interpretação sobre a relação entre a formação material e imaterial da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e as dinâmicas violentas de racialização do espaço urbano no contexto histórico-político de uma forjada pós-colonização. Em seguida, trabalha-se com a ideia da cidade sensível, em que se discute em que medida determinados processos de racialização do espaço urbano, em suas muitas formas e manifestações, forjaram regimes estético-urbanos que distribuem lugares e espaços para a existência e circulação de corpos, percepções, sensações, objetos e sujeitos na cidade. Na terceira parte da tese, analisam-se as interpretações da violência que circulam, produzem e informam a gestão do espaço urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de um mapeamento crítico do campo de saberes e práticas que constroem entendimentos e imaginários correntes sobre violência na cidade. Em todos esses casos, serão abordadas as formas através das quais essas interpretações produzem limites, apagamentos e silêncios sobre a relação entre raça, racismo, colonialidade e violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. No capítulo seguinte, a tese se debruça sobre as imaginações, materialidades e experiências da guerra na cidade, discutindo como o conceito de militarização atravessa representações e vivências da cidade pós-colonial, e quais são os contra-saberes a partir dos quais é possível vislumbrar intelectualidades e contra-estéticas insurgentes, capazes de apontar novos sentidos e interpretações para as relações entre a violência e as configurações da colonialidade no espaço urbano. Pretende-se, com esta tese, oferecer uma contribuição teórica original ao campo de estudos das Relações Internacionais que se debruça sobre as dinâmicas de violência no âmbito das cidades em contextos de pós-colonização, evidenciando a necessidade de articular novas possibilidades epistêmicas radicais e decoloniais para estudar a relação entre violência, cidade e (pós-)colonialidade. / [en] This thesis presents a decolonial interpretation on the ways in which violence crosses imaginations, materialities and experiences in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It argues that violence produces and reproduces representations, forms of urban management and everyday experiences that coexist and intersect in Rio de Janeiro, as a city that seeks to build itself as post-colonial in the everyday. To this end, the thesis addresses the relationship between violence and the city through four points of contact. First, the thesis presents the concept of city-violence, from which an interpretation is built on the relationship between the material and immaterial formation of the city of Rio de Janeiro and the violent dynamics of racialization of the urban space in the historical-political context of a forged postcolonization. Then, it works with the idea of the sensible city, in which it discusses the extent to which certain processes of racialization of urban space, in their many forms and manifestations, forged urban-aesthetic regimes that distribute places and spaces for existence and circulation of bodies, perceptions, sensations, objects and subjects in the city. In the third part of the thesis, it analyzes the interpretations of violence that circulate, produce and inform the management of urban space in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on a critical mapping of the field of knowledge and practices that forge meanings, representations and imaginations about violence in/and the city. Specifically, the thesis addresses the ways in which these interpretations produce limits, margins and silences on the relationship between race, racism, coloniality and violence in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The final chapter focuses on the imaginations, materialities and experiences of the war in the city, discussing how the concept of militarization crosses representations and experiences of the post-colonial city. This part also includes an interpretation on the counter-knowledge about war in/and the city that is produced daily and from which it is possible to glimpse insurgent intellectualities and counteraesthetics, capable of pointing out new meanings and interpretations for the relations between violence and the configurations of coloniality in the urban space. By exploring the multiple connections between violence and the city of Rio de Janeiro, this thesis aims at offering an original theoretical contribution to the field of International Relations that studies the dynamics of violence within cities in contexts of post-colonization, arguing for the necessity of building new epistemic and decolonial possibilities to study the realtions between violence, the city and (post-)coloniality.