I denna uppsats undersöks hur levande stadsrum kan skapas under vintern för att möjliggöra ett tryggt stadsrum med liv och rörelse utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk som bygger på Gehl och temporär urbanism.  Undersökningen baseras på en fallstudie av ‘Levande Stockholm vinter’ och genomförs med kvalitativa intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Resultaten visar att Stockholms stad arbetar med målpunkter och aktivitetsmöjligheter för att möjliggöra för levande ytor under vintern. Att arbeta med att levandegöra stadsrum under vintern handlar om att skapa förutsättningar för en miljö som lockar invånare till frivilliga aktiviteter. Temporär urbanism kan användas som ett verktyg för att testa olika lösningar i stadsrummet med målet att möjliggöra aktivering för ett trivsamt, användbart och levande vinterstadsrum. Resultaten pekar också på att temporära åtgärder kan medföra en ökad känsla av trygghet och omhändertagande av en plats. / This thesis explores how vibrant urban spaces can be created during winter to enable a safe urban space with vitality and movement, based on a theoretical framework built on Gehl and temporary urbanism. The thesis is based on a case study of ‘Levande Stockholm vinter’ and is conducted through qualitative interviews and document analysis. The results indicate that establishing target points and activity opportunities are necessary to enable lively spaces during winter. Vitalizing urban spaces during winter involves creating conditions for an environment that attracts residents to engage in optional activities. Temporary urbanism can serve as a tool to test various solutions in urban spaces with the aim of activating the environment for a pleasant, functional, and vibrant urban space. The results also indicate that temporary uses can lead to an increased sense of safety and care for a place.

Recalling the past – the cultural act of remembering – is crucially important for the formation of cities, their identity, and that of their inhabitants. It is an urban practice that involves a process of narrating and scrutinizing history and making it present in urban spaces. Remembering history is a form of participation and activism, which can be seen to revive the past, generate and shape public life, criticize historical constructs and misconceptions, and negotiate new ideas and identities. As part of a panel at the conference „Urbane Praxis. Neue für kulturelle Infrastrukturen“ [Urban praxis. New contexts for cultural infrastructures] we talked to four scholars and/or curators – Marie-Charlott Schube, Pablo Santacana López, Julia Kurz und Marianna Liosi – about their perspectives on remembering via the negotiation processes occurring in urban spaces.

Today, there are many urban planning ideals that in different ways claim to create the sustainable and active city. But it is equally important to examine the city districts that have been built, in order to learn from them. The case study area Gävle Strand is a relatively newly built area out on Alderholmen, a problem at Gävle Strand is that there is no rich public life around the clock. This constitutes the study's research question, What conditions does Gävle Strand have for a rich urban life and what shortcomings exist today? To find these shortcomings and conditions, the study applies the computer program QGIS to calculate various indicators for the urban space; buildings, private outdoor environments, public space and street space. The method is based on a report "Mäta stad" by the company spacescape, in the report there are recommendations on the urban space and it’s indicators. The calculations show for example; land use, mix of functions, proximity to public places, integration with other city districts and the value of public places. The result showed that several of the indicators within each part of the urban space were deviant. Conclusions of calculations of Gävle Strands urban space show the following conditions for urban life; a good mix of public place values, street space intersection density and variety of trafic spaces, and enough public space for residents. There were in the urban space all the more shortcomings for urban life in; density, mix of functions, lack of large square and park areas and green areas within the district and the relationship between private and public outdoor environments / Idag finns det många planeringsideal som på olika sätt säger sig skapa den hållbara och aktiva staden. Men lika viktigt är det att granska de stadsdelar som har byggts, för att kunna lära sig av dem. Fallstudieområdet Gävle Strand är ett relativt nybyggt område ute på Alderholmen, ett problem vid Gävle Strand är att det inte finns ett rikt folkliv dygnet runt. Detta utgör studiens forskningsfråga Vilka förutsättningar har Gävle Strand för ett rikt stadsliv och vilka brister finns idag? För att hitta dessa brister och förutsättningar tillämpar studien datorprogrammet QGIS för att beräkna olika indikatorer för stadsrummet; bebyggelse, privata utemiljöer, offentlig plats samt gaturummet. Metoden baseras på en rapport ”Mäta stad” av företaget Spacescape, i rapporten finns det rekommendationer på stadsrummet och indikatorerna. Beräkningarna visar till exempel; markanvändning, funktionsblandning, närhet till offentliga platser, integration till andra stadsdelar och offentliga platsers värde. Resultatet visade att flera av indikatorerna inom varje del av stadsrummet var avvikande. Slutsatser av beräkningar av Gävle Strands stadsrum visar följande förutsättningar för stadsliv; en bra blandning av värden på offentliga platser, gaturummets korsningstäthet och olika trafikrum samt tillräckligt med offentlig plats för invånarna. Det fanns i stadsrummet desto mer brister för stadsliv; täthet, funktionsblandning, avsaknad av större torg- och parkytor samt grönområden innanför stadsdelen samt förhållandet mellan privata och offentliga utemiljöer.

In the United States, the foundational myths of Nature are wilderness and pastoral arcadia. This dissertation examines a different kind of nature that emerges as habitats in urban wastelands and margins. This cosmopolitan community is a hybrid nature that is the unintended product of human activity and nature's unflagging opportunism, which I call marginal nature. Marginal nature is neither pristine nor pastoral, but rather a nature whose ecological and cultural significance requires a reassessment of our narratives of nature. The wastelands are unique sounding boards for measuring perceptions of nature, since these places provoke ambiguous responses of attraction and repulsion. I explore perceptions of wasteland habitat from the perspectives of urban space, urban ecology, and literature about urban nature. The primary methodology of this dissertation is hermeneutical inquiry which reveals the layers of environmental discourse concealing marginal nature beneath language that asks it to be something that it is not. This environmental hermeneutics focuses on key issues of the geography of nature: nonhuman agency, place, and nature/society hybrids. I argue that comprehending the lifeworld of the wastelands requires a reassessment of the concept of place as a coproduction of humans and nonhumans, that is, an ecology of place. / text

The dissertation explores the roles of buildings in urban social life. Buildings, as both a methodological tool and a research site, are valuable for understanding society. As a method, buildings allow access to various urban contexts. As a research site, the material and the social are integrated, where buildings and society are shown in continual construction. The overarching case shows how a new building type is born in a society and what buildings do, as both materiality and meaning, to help bring about outcomes. The study follows a single building type through history and analytical levels in the city of Santiago, Chile where three empirical studies emerge. The first traces a process of late 19th century urbanization to show the entrance of new residential building types into a city and how the physical and social landscape is reshaped in the process, emphasizing how one urban form emerges and is defined. Intercontinental connections bring new architecture and new language, stabilizing the link between form and name in the city. The resulting spectrum of buildings within the type shows how the diversity of residents shapes material outcomes. As the new buildings become fixed in the urban landscape, so too do social categories. How buildings change definitions both between and within societies, as well as start to take on meanings, is explored. Once definitions and form are established, the following studies explore the roles of the buildings in contemporary urban life. Photos analysis is employed to examine uses of shared space (a patio) in a residential building where buildings are theorized as material structures that contribute to patterned activities. It addresses how the building creates opportunities for observed everyday uses of private collective space. Using published comparison cases demonstrates that practices appear to differ between buildings of the same type when income of residents differs. It is hypothesized that opportunity is created not by the existence of the space per se, but by its gated enclosure, which separates the public street from the private space. The building is understood as a bound that simultaneously fosters interaction and exclusion. In addition, activities in these spaces, over time, contribute to new cultural understandings of the building type, showing how use can generate meaning. The last empirical study examines the reuse of residential buildings for commercial purposes in one neighborhood. The goal is to illuminate roles buildings play in contemporary neighborhood transformations. Rather than understanding transformation through reuse itself, modes of material conversions are examined. The differences between older conversions and newer ones in the area highlight the role of visible characteristics in the newly reused buildings. The material maintenance of residential facades on new conversions locks in the visual of a residential neighborhood, where intended function is built into form, even under commercial reuse. This is valuable in line with a constructed narrative about the place that focuses on the past. The building type under investigation is further redefined as reused buildings take on visual and spatial similarities to housing models from a past era that were not involved in changes in the neighborhood, but appear as if they were. This study relies on participant observation and analysis of marketing materials, as well as other documentary sources.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: Everaldo dos Santos Melazzo / Banca: Wilian Ribeiro da Silva / Resumo: A urbanização contemporânea articula-se às dinâmicas do modo capitalista de produção, o qual direciona esse processo sob a perspectiva de uma economia política da urbanização compreendida conjuntamente com uma economia política da cidade. Por conta disso, a estruturação dos espaços urbanos e os objetos que os constituem não podem ser tomados, nem analisados, como simples objetos estruturantes da base material, tendo em vista que a produção do espaço urbano sob tais perspectivas os envolvem como meios de reprodução do capital, sendo que, não somente o solo urbano, mas todos os meios que o caracterizam como um ambiente construído, também se tornam meios de consumo urbano. Esse consumo pode ser visto a partir de duas dimensões: a individual e a coletiva. Nessa dissertação, trabalharemos com os meios de consumo coletivo - as infra-estruturas, os equipamentos e os serviços urbanos -, que adquirem características e importâncias peculiares no cotidiano das cidades o que, na pesquisa realizada, foram tomados em sua dimensão econômica. Porém, muitos fatores estão presentes na distribuição dos meios de consumo coletivo. Para debatê-los, escolhemos duas infra-estruturas na cidade de Bauru (SP), as constituintes das redes de drenagem pluvial e de pavimentação das vias públicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The contemporary urbanisation is articulated to the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production that directs the process under the perspective of a political economy of urbanisation understood beside a political economy of the city. Because of this, the structuring of urban spaces and the objects that constitute them cannot be took nor analysed as simple structuring objects of the material basis. The production of the urban space under such perspectives takes these objects as a way of reproducing capital because not only the urban soil but also all the means that characterise it as a built environment become means of urban consumption. This consumption can be seen through both the individual and the collective dimensions. In this master thesis, we analyse the means of collective consumption - the infrastructures and the urban equipments and services -, which acquire peculiar characteristics and importance in the city daily life and are took, in the research, in their economic dimension. However, many factors are involved in the distribution of the means of collective consumption. For debating them, we have chosen two infrastructural objects of Bauru city: the pluvial drainage and the paving public paths networks... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Neste trabalho analisamos a relação entre espaço da circulação, saúde ambiental e produção do espaço urbano, a partir da análise do processo de produção deste espaço urbano pelo espaço da circulação como um acúmulo desigual de tempos até a cidade do automóvel em Manaus. Constata-se que este acúmulo desigual de tempos, com suas relações e conflitos, acabam por se tornar um problema ao gerar exclusão sócio-espacial e também problemas de saúde ambiental ao impactar desigualmente a qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Este efeito compõe um estado ambiental de poluição atmosférica que por sua vez é pressionada e acentuada pelo aumento da taxa de motorização. Neste contexto, aplicamos uma matriz de análise de indicadores ambientais baseada no modelo FPEEEA (Força Motriz, Pressão, Estado/Situação, Exposição, Efeito, Ação), aqui compreendida como Força Motriz, Pressão, Situação, Efeito e Resposta (FMPSER). A partir da correlação destes indicadores sócio-ambientais, analisamos a incidência sintomática de morbidades do aparelho respiratório em trabalhadores informais frente à exposição a poluentes atmosféricos provenientes da queima de combustível fóssil em veículos automotores nos terminais de transporte coletivo urbano em Manaus (Terminal 01, Terminal 02, Terminal 03, Terminal 04 e Terminal 05) e pela área circundante à Igreja Matriz (calçadão na Rua Theodoro Souto esquina com Marechal Deodoro e Pavilhão Universal na Praça Tenreiro Aranha), conhecido como Terminal da Matriz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this study we analyze the relationship between circulation space, environmental health and production of urban space, from the analysis of the building process of urban space by the circulation space as an unequal accumulation of time until the car city in Manaus. It appears that this accumulation of unequal time, along with their relationships and conflicts, eventually become a problem when generates sociospatial exclusion and also environmental health problems for impacting unequally at its residents' quality of life. This effect sets up an environmental state of pollution which is pressed and accentuated by the increasing rate of motorization. In this context, we applied an environment indicator analysis matrix based on the FPEEEA model (Driving Force, Pressure, State/Situation, Exposure, Effect, Action), translated in here as Driving Force, Pressure, State, Effect and Response (FMPSER). From the correlation among these social-environmental indicators, we analyzed the respiratory morbidity symptomatic incidence in informal workers, who were exposed to air pollutants resulting from the fossil fuel burning in motor vehicles of urban public transportation terminals in Manaus (Terminal 01, Terminal 02, Terminal 03, Terminal 04 and Terminal 05) and the area surrounding the Matix Church (sidewalk on the corner of Theodoro Souto and Marshal Deodoro Streets and the Pavilhão Universal at Tenreiro Aranha Square), known as the Matrix' Terminal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Raul Borges Guimarães / Coorientador: Geraldo Alves de Souza / Banca: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: José Aldemir de Oliveira / Mestre

A discussão parte do princípio de que o espaço é um produto social e não um sujeito, como algumas políticas públicas vem reproduzindo. A apropriação de espaços que não estavam vazios, utilizando os megaeventos esportivos como justificativa, sinaliza um momento fundamental do processo de reprodução do capitalismo. Tal processo traz à tona o conflito do espaço como lugar de apropriação e uso em contraposição ao espaço como reprodução de valor e de riqueza. Dentro desse contexto, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que historicamente se utiliza de planos de ordenação urbana de forma a legitimar mudanças espaciais em fragmentos da cidade, tem dado continuidade a esse processo nos últimos anos através da implantação dos Planos Estratégicos e da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar as mudanças socioespaciais ocasionadas na comunidade Vila Autódromo, localizada no bairro da Barra da Tijuca - RJ, em razão da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. A pesquisa tem por objetivo específico identificar os sujeitos sociais e interesses envolvidos no processo de remoção dessa comunidade. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi utilizada metodologia teórico-documental com base em documentos normativos e jurídicos relativos ao processo de remoção pelo qual passa a Vila Autódromo desde 1993, e também documentos fotográficos e mapas, igualmente fundamentais para a compreensão do objeto. Durante todo o processo da pesquisa, foram realizadas pesquisas de campo de caráter descritivo e analítico, com aplicação de entrevistas qualitativas e análise de conteúdo dos dados, que embasam a conflitualidade entre os interesses dos moradores, o poder público e as empresas privadas, numa tentativa de compreensão de como as mudanças socioespaciais se inserem entre o lugar, a cidade e o espaço mundial. A Vila Autódromo se destaca nesse cenário pela luta de resistência dos seus moradores para permanecer no seu espaço de vivência e convivência e na consolidação de uma comunidade que enxerga o valor social da terra e não apenas o seu valor de mercado, sinalizando o caráter de conflito pelo direito à moradia que se estabelece na cidade do Rio de Janeiro atualmente / The discussion starts from the principle that space is a social product and not a subject, as some public policies have been executing. The appropriation of spaces that were not empty, using the sports mega events as a justification, signals a fundamental moment in the capitalist reproduction process. This process brings the conflict of the space as a place of appropriation and use opposed to the space as a reproduction of value and wealth. In this sense, the city of Rio de Janeiro, which historically uses urban development plans in order to legitimize spatial changes in fragments of the city, has continued this process in recent years, through the implementation of strategic plans and realization of the Olympic Games. This paper objective is to analyze the socio-spatial changes brought to the Vila Autódromo community, located in the Barra da Tijuca Rio de Janeiro city, because of the Olympic Games Rio-2016. One specific objective is to identify the social actors and interests involved in the removal of this community. To achieve this goal, the paper uses theoretical and documental methodology based in normative and legal documents related to the removal process experienced by the Vila Autódromo since 1993, as well as photographic documents and maps, equally imperatives to understand the object of the research. Inseparably, field surveys in the Vila Autódromo and the city of Rio de Janeiro were conducted through descriptive and analytical perspectives, with application of qualitative interviews and content analysis of the data that underlies the conflict between the interests of residents, the government and private companies in an attempt to understand how the socio-spatial changes are part of the place, the city and the global economies. The Vila Autódromo stands out in this scenario for its residents\' resistance struggle to stay in their living space and the consolidation of a community that sees the social value of land and not just its market value, indicating the nature of conflict for the right to housing that is established in the city of Rio de Janeiro today

O amor pela cidade e o interesse em conhecer a história de seus trabalhadores e de suas casas foi o que me motivou a fazer esta pesquisa. A formação dos bairros e a própria expansão urbana de Santo André têm fortes laços com o processo de migração de operários que vieram, principalmente, do interior de São Paulo e estados vizinhos, os quais buscavam aqui emprego e traziam consigo os costumes do campo para se adaptarem à nova vida na cidade. Assim, este trabalho se propõe a estudar as moradias urbanas de Santo André da primeira metade do século XX, enfocando a casa do trabalhador industrial, buscando traçar um panorama que permeia desde a produção da habitação e o espaço urbano ao seu entorno até os aspectos formais e funcionais da moradia, bem como sua organização e disposição interna. O trabalho também apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa inédita feita em um material que se encontra arquivado no Museu de Santo André onde, através da análise de documentos e de processos de aprovação de residências entre os anos de 1929 e 1939, são estudados projetos arquitetônicos e memoriais descritivos originais de construções de residências, o que nos deu base para expor o que chamamos aqui de arquitetura popular que se configurou em toda a cidade, dentro e fora do espaço da casa. / The love by city and interest about knowing the history of its workers and their houses has motivated me to do this research. The neighborhoods formation and Santo André urban expansion itself have strong links with the migration of workers who came especially from São Paulo country side and neighbor states, witch looked for job and brought with them costumes from the country side to adapt to the new city life. So, this work proposes to study Santo André urban houses from the beginning of the twentieth century, focusing in the industrial worker house, trying to trace a panorama that ranges since the habitation production and surrounding urban space until its formal aspects, organization and interior disposal as well. This work also presents the result of an unedited research done with a material kept in Santo André Museum in which, trough documents and houses approval process between 1929 and 1939, architecture projects and original descriptive memorials of houses constructions are studied, what gave us base to expose what we call popular architecture, that has been configured in entire city, inside and outside the house space.