Esta dissertação tem por objetivo pesquisar como o design da experiência pode influenciar e contribuir no desenvolvimento de interfaces de produtos, tendo o seu objetivo de aplicação, o desenvolvimento de uma interface de produto para cegos. Para tanto, inicialmente abordam-se aspectos relacionados a interação de cegos com os produtos e com o ambiente externo, contextualização, suas características e necessidades. Também se apresentam os fatores relacionados ao design da experiência, design de interfaces e métodos para o desenvolvimento de produtos com foco no usuário, contexto de uso e usabilidade. Buscam-se os fatores e diretrizes relacionadas a interação e percepção de usuários referente a produtos, assim como, de que forma o projeto da experiência ocorre no desenvolvimento do projeto de design de produto. Após a fundamentação teórica realiza-se a aplicação de um roteiro de desenvolvimento de interface de produto elaborado com base na metodologia de design thinking e diretrizes relacionadas a partir da pesquisa teórica. O roteiro desenvolvido é aplicado no desenvolvimento de uma interface de produto destinada a usuários cegos, sendo realizado por profissionais de design. Ao final desta pesquisa são apresentados os resultados do produto desenvolvido, bem como, o relatório de observação, a partir do acompanhamento da aplicação do roteiro, servindo de referência para projetos futuros. / This thesis aims to investigate how the experience design can influence and contribute to the development of product interfaces, and their goal of application, developing a user interface for blind product. For this purpose, initially addressing himself interacting aspects of the blind with the products and with the external environment, context, their characteristics and needs. It also presents the factors related to experience design, interface design, and methods for developing products with focus on the user, context of use and usability. Seek the factors and guidelines related to interaction and perception of users regarding products, as well as how the experience design occurs in the project development of product design. After the theoretical foundation is realized applying a development roadmap for the product interface developed based on the methodology of design thinking and related guidelines from the theoretical research. The script developed is applied to develop an interface of produce to blind users, being performed by design professionals. At the end of this research are presented the results of the developed product, as well as the observation report from the monitoring of the implementation of the roadmap, providing a reference for future projects.

Although Internet booking system has reached its peak in the recent years many previous researches say there is always a growing interest in the role and nature of design in HCI principles. Small difference can create a large impact in the business of Internet booking system. The future of any online booking system will be heavily depended on how easy and how friendly the system is designed. In our thesis, we are going to suggest what aspects of usability principles are important in making the user interface of current flight booking systems to reach a high degree of usability. For the above purpose we will find usability flaws in the current user interface design of flight booking systems and highlight the potential factors or aspects that make user interface more acceptable to users. To reach this purpose we will use a case study and analyze using an explanation building technique. The empirical data was collected through satisfaction questionnaire which was based on nine “preset tasks” which are designed depending on various usability principles. In our thesis, we will create an understanding on the aspects of usability principles used to make a user interface more acceptable to the users. This understanding will lead future researches in the betterment of interface design of flight booking system.

This research focuses on important aspects for the theoretical design of a user interface. Meeting the needs of the user is often a challenge for the developer since it is necessary to get a point of view from the user. Besides the technological development process it is important to create a user interface in theory to avoid spending time and costs for improvements and further development after the release of the software or the device. The purpose of the study is to create an understanding for important criteria for designing a user interface. These criteria are required to meet the needs of an effective human-machine communication. This study is performed with the help of a qualitative approach. The collected information in the theoretical part will be supported from the data of the empirical part. This research wants to present an investigation about attitudes which are important for the user of a user interface. The study will point out important aspects from the field of Human-Computer Interaction. Human-Computer interaction can be seen as a part of informatics and mainly treats issues regarding to the communication between humans and the computer. Furthermore, Usability Engineering is a part of this study. Within this field, points of how to ensure the usability of software or a device are mentioned. As last area, Graphic Interface Design is in focus. Graphic Interface Design affects the creation of a user interface as well as the consideration of already given theories about Human-Computer Interaction. Within this area, aspects for the design of a user interface and their attitudes are discussed. The result of this research will be presented in text form by answering the research question ‘What design principles are important to use when designing a good user interface’. Within the study it will be shown that the user itself is one of the most important factors when designing a user interface. Given standards and theories allow getting a perspective from the user. But also hardware aspects must be considered when designing a user interface for a specific device. It also will be shown that nevertheless the technological development processes within the information technology, fundamental design principles of Human-Computer interaction are still important. / Program: Kandidatutbildning i informatik

Introduction of web technology have turned the current world into a global village and web design becomes a huge challenge to develop a website in a better way. To develop a user friendly interface and easy access environment of webpage is the key issue of usability in this field. Improved and user friendly interface of a web site is becoming more popular. There are so many mistakes being committed when a designer develops end users interface of a web site. The main purpose of usability in this field is to provide a user friendly, easy access environment. This paper reveals a guideline for usability of the website design.Most of the designer or developer thinks about their websites outlooks rather than thinking about users’ concern. If it becomes difficult to use their website, people won’t revisit their site. So if designers want to have a successful website, they have to ensure that their design fulfills the users’ requirement. The purpose of this paper is to indicate the existing common usability issues which are being overlooked by the designers and developers, and to provide some possible solutions to reduce these usability problems. It also suggests some simple but effective tips and techniques as well as some guidelines for website design that could be helpful for designer and developer if they keep these in mind during designing a website. The results of the paper specify that there should be the interest to designers and developers who are concerned about improvement of usability and more accessibility of their websites by users.In this thesis, I am committed to create the understanding on the aspects of usability principles suitable to make a user interface more acceptable to the users. This understanding will surely be a pilot project for upcoming future researches on the development of interface design. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

Many problems related to information systems implementation are psychological rather than technical. It is necessary to adapt good enough to the current situation in the business to avoid bad user reactions. One of the most important quality factors of an information system is user acceptance. Information system implementation projects have been historically bothered by failures for which user resistance has been identified as an important reason. A poor adaptation of old data may cause user frustration. But the most important problem perhaps is how to deal with the people and know their psychological constraints involved in the system change, their lack of competence And also their reluctance to accept the new system. A poorly designed system interface also becomes an obstacle for the users and they would become more unwilling to tolerate it. This study presents a theoretical and empirical understanding of user acceptance during the implementation of an information system and provides suggestions to an individual and also organizations for tackling such resistance and enhances user satisfaction. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

E-learning is a rapidly emerging concept facilitating learners in the field of education. Continuous advancements in information technologies are enhancing the possibilities of its growth. Developed countries have realised its strength and adopted it warmly but in developing countries it is still a new concept. There are many limitations in developing countries for its implementation and growth. In my research I have identified the core limitations associated with the growth of E-learning in developing countries and found out some possible solutions. I have selected different subject areas which can support in solving my research questions. In the textual analysis I have found that different cultural, technological and awareness problems are creating obstacles for its implementation. In the empirical survey these problems are verified from the students and teachers who are associated with E-learning and would like to see its implementation in developing countries. In the results of my research findings I have shown how information technology can be helpful for enhancing the possibilities of E-learning and identified how sub systems of E-learning can support its growth.

Usage of search is very popular among all kinds of people to locate unknown information in websites. Mainstream search engines like Google work really hard to deliver a simple and effective search experience with the help of professionals and usability lab testing. Search interfaces often show a poor usability for the users who want to find information in differentknowledge organizations website. The purpose of this research is to create an understanding for some important characteristics of search interfaces, characteristics that may enhance the usability of knowledge organization search interface design. This Paper aim is to identify and discuss the specialized search interface design for knowledge organizations. This paper provides the detailed information about the search interface design and its improvement. This study gives the specialized wireframe standards for improving knowledge organization search interface design. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

Recently, the whole-genome expression analysis – which is analyzing most or all of the genes in biological systems, and is a rich and powerful way to discover gene pathway - has become increasingly affordable because of the increasing amount of microarray data available in public databases. Additionally, due to the enormously available information content in these repositories, researchers have to spend large amount of time to decide on the right information to proceed. There should be an application to assist biological researchers reducing the time in finding good data sets to analyze. In this project, a thorough study in HCI, Information Visualization, interaction design and development methodologies are carried out in order to build a web-based user interface that enables searching and browsing gene expression data and their correlation (web-based). Findings from literature review are applied to create a web-based user interface in large-gene expression analysis. Then, a survey is carried out to collect and analyze pilot users‟ feedback. The questionnaire shows that the users are very interested in using the system and they would like to spend more time interacting with it. They give positive feedbacks about interactive data visualization in the website help them to save time on viewing, navigating and interpreting complicated data. Besides, it is easy to navigate and learn how to use the system to achieve interesting findings in biology. The questionnaire shows that the author is successful in applying findings from literature review to build the website. Besides, from the results there are suggestions for improvement such as the flexibility in the website by automatically recognizing the alias gene names from different databases, filling-in gene symbols using first few characters, narrowing down a search to a particular species such as human or rat, etc. / Program: Masterutbildning i Informatik

Orientador: José Carlos Plácido da Silva / Banca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Banca: Nelyse Apparecida Melro Salzedas / Resumo: A internet, através da web, vem conquistando uma significativa parcela de usuários, o que se leva a considerar como vêm sendo trabalhadas as questões ergonômicas e de usabilidade nesse meio. No Brasil, ainda é pequeno o número de estudos que estão sendo publicados como resultados de pesquisas, no que diz respeito à usabilidade da interação humano-computador, em que projetistas e desenvolvedores de sistemas informatizados pouco utilizam os parâmetros ergonômicos para projetos e testes de avaliação de usabilidade de interfaces. Pior do que não se atentar a estas questões é deixar de lado um dos fatores mais importantes deste processo: o usuário. É nele que se deve fixar. Ele é a resposta para muitas perguntas que ainda pairam sobre o assunto web. Pode ser considerado um grande colaborador, desde que seja convidado para participar do desenvolvimento e do crescimento desta nova área. Afinal, a web, a internet e os sites, foram e são projetados para ele. Deixe-se então que os mesmos apontem seus "modelos mentais" de como deve funcionar esse setor informático, através da organização das informações, facilitando a comunicação entre ele e a máquina. Fixando-se no usuário, a pesquisa tece considerações e aponta a técnica de Card Sorting como uma das que pode auxiliar na busca pelos "modelos mentais" dos usuários, reorganizando informações e criando novas taxonomias de forma que lhe façam mais sentido. Considerando a home page a página inicial do sites e o primeiro contato dos usuários com os mesmos e com o mundo da internet, utilizou-a como foco da pesquisa, enquanto interface gráfica. / Abstract: The internet, through the web, has gained a great number of users which leads us to consider how the usability and the ergonomic issues have been worked on this field. In Brazil, the number of studies released as results ofr researches is still small concerning the usability of human-computer interaction, in which projectors and information systems developers do not use the ergonomic parameters for the evaluation of interfaces usability projects and tests. Worst than not considering these questions is letting aside one of the most important factors in this process: the user. He has to tbe considered. he is the answer to many questions that follow this subject. He can be taken as a great collaborator, as soon as he is invited to participate in the development and growing of this area. After all, the internet, the web and the sites were and still are designed for the user. One must let the user point out his "mental models" of how this information field must work, through the information organization, allowing the communication between him and the machine. Based on the user, the research takes the Card Sorting technique as a tool in the search for the users' first contact with the internet world, it was used as the core in the research, as a graphic interface. / Mestre

Acessibilidade na Web tem como objetivo possibilitar que qualquer pessoa possa entender e interagir com o conteúdo de uma página Web, independente de deficiências ou outros fatores. Embora exista uma grande quantidade de trabalhos realizados na área, pode-se ainda perceber que pessoas com alguns tipos específicos de deficiências encontram mais dificuldades ao navegar na Web, como no caso dos usuários cegos. Com intuito de minimizar os problemas enfrentados por esses usuários cegos ao navegar na Web, foi proposta nesta tese uma abordagem que consiste em extrair automaticamente o conhecimento de navegação implícito na apresentação visual de uma página Web e alterar o design dessa navegação de uma maneira otimizada a esses usuários. Com esse objetivo, primeiramente foram estudados os trabalhos relacionados aos principais problemas enfrentados pelos usuários cegos ao interagir com a Web, assim como os conjuntos de diretrizes de acessibilidade e usabilidade específicos para minimizar esses problemas, fundamentados em um mapeamento sistemático conduzido sobre o tema. Após a identificação dos problemas e diretrizes, foi desenvolvido um classificador baseado no método Naïve Bayes, considerando-se três características comumente encontradas nos padrões de design de menus de navegação, com intuito de classificar automaticamente os links contidos nesta página em diferentes classes referentes às estruturas de navegação. Após desenvolvido, o método foi testado e avaliado em sites governamentais por meio de uma análise estatística, apresentando um boa taxa de acerto em suas classificações. Com base nas dificuldades encontradas na primeira etapa de pesquisa, foi proposto um modelo de interface próprio aos usuários cegos que utilizam a Web com auxílio de um leitor de tela. Com base no classificador desenvolvido, foi proposta uma abordagem para automaticamente transformar os links de navegação classificados pelo método, em um padrão de navegação otimizado aos leitores de tela. Como prova de conceito, foi realizada uma extração semiautomática de conteúdo das páginas Web, com intuito de transformar esse conteúdo para o novo modelo de interface proposto. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido um protótipo de mecanismo de apoio, denominado NavAux. Esse protótipo foi avaliado através de um percurso cognitivo. Para isso, foram definidas algumas tarefas e a exploração da interface foi realizada com apoio do leitor de tela JAWS. Os resultados apresentaram indícios de que a abordagem proposta pode ser considerada uma alternativa viável para minimizar os problemas de acessibilidade enfrentados pelos usuários cegos ao navegar na Web. / Web Accessibility aims to enable that any individual may understand and interact with a Web page content, regardless of disabilities or other factors. Although there is a large number of research studies in this area, it can be noted individuals with some specific types of disabilities find it more difficulty browsing the Web, such as those who are blind. In order to minimize the problems faced by blind users when browsing the Web, the study reported in this thesis proposed an approach which consists in automatically extracting the navigation knowledge implicit in the visual presentation of a Web page and changing this navigation design to an optimized way to those users. For this purpose, the research started with a review of the papers related to the main problems faced by blind users when interacting to the Web, as well as the specific sets of accessibility and usability guidelines to minimize these problems, based on a systematic mapping study conducted on the topic. After identifying the problems and guidelines, the next step involved the development of a classifier based on the Naïve Bayes methods, considering three features commonly found in the design patterns of navigation menus, in order to automatically classify the links contained on each page into different classes relating to the navigation structures. After developed, the method was tested and assessed in governmental websites through an statistical analysis, showing a good success rate in its classifications. Based on the difficulties encountered during the first step of the research, the study proposed an interface model tailored to blind users who use the Web with the help of a screen reader. Based on the developed classifier, the study proposed an approach to automatically transform the browsing links classified by the method into an optimized navigation standard to screen readers. As a proof of concept, the following step involved a semi-automatic extraction of Web pages content, in order to transform this content to a new proposed interface model. In this context, was developed a prototype of the mechanism, named NavAux. This prototype was evaluated through a cognitive walkthrough. To this, were defined some tasks and the interface operation was performed with support of the JAWS screen reader. The results presented signs that the proposed approach can be considered a viable alternative to minimize the accessibility problems faced by blind users when browsing the Web.