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Le présent mémoire a comme objectif de proposer et de vérifier un modèle de développement du trouble déficitaire de la l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) à la petite enfance en portant une attention particulière aux rôles du tonus vagal, de l'hostilité réactive parentale et de leur interaction. Des indices absolu et relatif du tonus vagal ont été évalués à l'aide d'analyse spectrale d'électrocardiogramme auprès de 538 nourrissons âgés de 5 mois. L'hostilité réactive parentale a été rapportée par les parents lorsque leur enfant était âgé de 5 et 18 mois. La mesure du TDAH a été rapportée par la mère lorsque leur enfant était âgé de 18 et 30 mois. Une série d'analyses de régressions hiérarchiques révèle des relations curvilinéaires entre la valeur relative du tonus vagal et le TDAH chez les garçons et les bébés de petit poids. Des relations positives entre l'hostilité réactive et le TDAH sont présentes auprès de l'échantillon complet. Toutefois, aucune interaction entre le tonus vagal et l'hostilité réactive dans le développement du TDAH n'est démontrée.

Le vertige (V), l'étourdissement (E) et l'instabilité (I) sont des symptômes fréquents, traditionnellement considérés comme ayant des étiologies vestibulaires et extra-vestibulaires différentes. La prévalence de chaque symptôme et la manière dont ils sont liés entre eux ainsi qu'avec la migraine, l'agoraphobie, la susceptibilité au mal des transports (SMT), le malaise vagal (MV), l'anxiété/dépression (AD) et la prise de médicaments, ont été l'objet de cette étude. Un questionnaire auto-administré a été complété par 2897 adultes de la population lorraine, âgés de 18 à 86 ans, dont 1471 femmes. La prévalence sur un an du V était de 48,3%, celle de l'I de 39,1% et celle de l'E de 35,6%. Les VEI étaient corrélés entre eux et apparaissaient en général en diverses combinaisons (69,4%) ; 90% des épisodes de VEI avaient une durée inférieure ou égale à 2 mn et une fréquence < 1/mois. Les trois symptômes étaient similaires concernant leur prédominance féminine, le profil temporaire des épisodes et le lien avec les chutes et les nausées. Les VEI augmentaient avec le nombre de médicaments indépendamment de l'âge. Chaque VEI était corrélé avec chaque co-morbidité. Les facteurs de risque étaient pour l'agoraphobie : AD>sexe féminin>VEI, pour la SMT : sexe féminin > AD > migraine. En ajustant sur les trois VEI entre eux, le V reste un facteur de risque significatif pour chaque co-morbidité, suggérant que le V est un symptôme aussi peu spécifique que les deux autres et que les VEI représentent un spectre de symptômes résultant de diverses causes / Vertigo (V), dizziness (D) and unsteadiness (U) are common symptoms traditionally considered to result from different kinds of vestibular and non-vestibular dysfunctions. The prevalence of each symptom and how they relate to each other and to migraine, agoraphobia, motion sickness susceptibility (MSS), vaso-vagal episodes (VVE) and anxiety-depression (AD) was the object of this population-based study in north-eastern France. A self-administered questionnaire was returned by 2987 adults (age span 18-86 years, 1471 women). The 1-year prevalence for V was 48.3%, for U 39.1% and for D 35.6%. The VDU symptoms were correlated with each other, occurred mostly (69.4%) in various combinations rather than in isolation, less than once per month, and 90% of episodes lasted < or = 2 minutes and occurred < 1/month. The three symptoms were similar in terms of female predominance, temporary profile of the episodes and their link to falls and nausea. Symptom associations including I and symptom episodes of >1 hour increased the risk of falls. The number of drugs taken increased VDU even when controlling for age. Each VDU symptom was correlated with each co-morbidity. The risk factors were for agoraphobia: AD>female gender>VDU; for MSS: female gender>AD>migraine. Logistic regressions controlling for each vestibular symptom showed that V correlated with each co-morbidity, suggesting that V is a symptom as unspecific as the other two and that the three symptoms represent a spectrum resulting from a range of mechanisms or disorders

Heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological marker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) engagement, has been associated with a wide variety of clinical and psychological processes. High frequency (HF) HRV power, specifically, has been linked with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and self-regulation. The current inquiry used a random effects growth model to study the HF HRV response to an emotional task and to predict individual differences in HF HRV as a function of trait hostility, neuroticism, and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal, positive refocusing). Results indicated that the task engaged both branches of the ANS. HF HRV was not related to either hostility or neuroticism. However, positive reappraisal was associated with both high baseline values of HF HRV (i.e., greater initial parasympathetic activation) and lower rates of reactivity (i.e., less parasympathetic withdrawal). Overall, these results add to the evidence that positive reappraisal is a powerful component of emotion regulation and may be an important intervention target.

Vagal tone, a measure of parasympathetic activity via the vagus nerve, is known to be associated with positive emotion because it promotes social engagement and self-soothing behavior. Heart rate variability (HRV), especially high frequency oscillation, is a direct measure of vagal tone, and has been used in previous studies to test the correlation between vagal tone and positive emotion. This study aims to determine if the two major oscillations of heart rate variability, high frequency (HF-HRV) and low frequency (LF-HRV) can predict pro-social behavior, which is classified as giving donations to charities. Baseline LF- and HF-HRV levels were recorded, and compared to how much each participant donated after watching several donation appeals by charities. Results showed there was no significant difference in either LF- or HF-HRV levels between donors and non-donors. A negative correlation was found between both LF and HF-HRV levels and donation behavior, contradicting research that predicts a positive correlation between the two variables. There was no significant effect of gender on donation amount. This research gives insight in to how physiological changes can affect psychological processes, such as emotional expression.

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Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-16T13:02:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luiziralbertodesouzalimajunior.pdf: 1017703 bytes, checksum: f428c0dd46d8e916774da450732d3c28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:14:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luiziralbertodesouzalimajunior.pdf: 1017703 bytes, checksum: f428c0dd46d8e916774da450732d3c28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luiziralbertodesouzalimajunior.pdf: 1017703 bytes, checksum: f428c0dd46d8e916774da450732d3c28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / Durante o repouso, a atividade colinérgica predomina sobre o nódulo sinoatrial. Assim o mecanismo de controle da Frequência Cardíaca pela atividade vagal, juntamente com a diminuída demanda energética, irão determinar a frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCR) de um indivíduo fisiologicamente íntegro. A FCR possui importância reconhecida como indicador independente de saúde cardiovascular, relação com doenças não cardiovasculares, além da sua utilização em fórmulas, questionários e protocolos relacionados ao exercício físico. Apesar da reconhecida notoriedade da FCR na prática clínica e física, ainda não foi estabelecido um modo de medição com evidências científicas, que sustentam a existência de um padrão. Desta forma o presente estudo procurou investigar, através de dois artigos, de que forma a FCR vem sendo utilizada na prática profissional de profissionais de Educação Física, no que tange as formas de medição (tempo, posição), cuidados pré e durante (substâncias interferentes e condições ambientais) e objetivos da medição. Além disso, testar e propor aplicações práticas da FCR mediante tempo e postura corporal de medição. No primeiro estudo foram entrevistados profissionais de Educação Física, através de um questionário composto por oito questões sobre a forma de utilização da FCR, tais como, importância da variável, período de repouso antes e durante a mensuração, posição corporal, equipamento, e condições ambientais (temperatura, luminosidade, substâncias interferentes). De acordo com os resultados apresentados pelas respostas dos questionários, pôde-se concluir que o uso da FCR pelos profissionais de Educação Física, não possui uma padronização para sua medição, havendo divergências estatisticamente significativas nos critérios de utilização e avaliação. No segundo estudo foram avaliados 39 indivíduos jovens (21 homens e 18 mulheres), submetidos a avaliações em repouso em duas posições, supina e sentada, cada uma com a duração de 60 minutos. Os resultados mostraram que as medições realizadas em apenas cinco minutos não eram diferentes estatisticamente das medições realizadas nos 60 minutos. Além disso, na posição sentada a FCR é 12% maior que na posição supina, retratando diferença estatística. Estes resultados se repetiram entre gêneros e entre indivíduos mais e menos ativos. Portanto, de acordo com os resultados dos estudos, pôde- se verificar a inexistência de consensos para a medição da FCR entre os profissionais de educação física. Entretanto o presente estudo propõe a medição para homens e mulheres jovens mais e menos ativos, utilizando 5 minutos de repouso, registrandose a média deste período e observando a posição medida para as devidas correções. / During rest, cholinergic activity predominates over the sympathetic system. Thus the control mechanism of Heart Rate by vagal activity, together with the reduced energy requirements, will determine the frequency resting heart rate (RHR) of an individual physiologically intact. The RHR has recognized as important independent predictor of health cardiovascular disease compared with non-cardiovascular, beyond its use in formulas, questionnaires and protocols related to exercise physical. Despite the notoriety of the RHR recognized in clinical practice and physical not yet established a method of measuring with scientific evidence that support the existence of a pattern. Thus the present study sought investigate, by means of two articles, how the RHR has been used in professional practice of physical education professionals, regarding the forms of measurement (time, location), and during antenatal care (substances interference and environmental conditions) and objective measurement. Furthermore, test and propose practical applications of RHR through time and body posture measurement. In the first study were interviewed education professionals Physics, through a questionnaire consisting of eight questions on how to use of the RHR, such as importance of the variable, rest period before and during the measurement, body position, equipment, and conditions environmental (temperature, light, interfering substances). According with the results presented by the questionnaire responses, we conclude that the use of RHR by physical education professionals, has no a standard for its measurement, with differences statistically significant use and the criteria for evaluation. In the second study were studied 39 young subjects (21 men and 18 women) who underwent evaluations at rest in two positions, supine and sitting positions, each with for 60 minutes. The results show that measurements made on only five minutes were not statistically different measurements performed in 60 minutes. Furthermore, in the sitting position is 12% higher HRH that in the supine position, portraying statistical difference. These results repeated between genders and between more and less active individuals. Therefore the According to the results of the studies, it was possible to verify the absence of consensus for the measurement of HRH among physical education teachers. However the present study proposes to measure for young men and women more and less active, using 5-minute rest, recording the average this period and noting the position measured for the corrections.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:13:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8494_1.pdf: 11553961 bytes, checksum: e948365d416d27f263d11adf962b5add (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico / Este estudo investigou os possíveis mecanismos dos efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial da Aniba canelilla (OEAC) e seu principal constituinte o 1-nitro-2- feniletano (NF) em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHRs). Para tal, foram realizados experimentos in vitro e in vivo. Ratos machos SHRs foram submetidos a cirurgia para implantação dos cateteres na artéria aorta e veia cava inferior. Para os estudos de reatividade vascular os animais foram sacrificados e a artéria mesentérica superior foi isolada. Os anéis foram mantidos em cubas com solução Krebs-Henseleit, (37ºC) e gaseificada com carbogênio. Em ratos anestesiados, injeções intravenosas (i.v.) em bolus do OEAC (1-20 mg/kg) ou NF (1-10 mg/kg) induziram efeitos hipotensor e bradicardizante, dose-dependentes, que foram caracterizados em dois períodos (fase 1 e 2). O componente rápido (fase 1) da resposta hipotensora e bradicardizante induzido pelo OEAC e NF, ambos na dose de 10 mg/kg, foi ausente após a administração direta no ventrículo esquerdo. A fase 1 foi também abolida após a bivagotomia ou pelo tratamento perineural dos nervos vagos com capsaicina (250 &#956;g/mL). No entanto, a fase 1 permaneceu inalterada pelo pré-tratamento i.v. com capsazepina (1 mg/kg) ou ondasetron (30 &#956;g/kg). Em ratos acordados, o NF (5 e 10 mg/kg) induziu efeitos hipotensor e bradicardizante rápidos (fase 1) que foram completamente abolidos pelo pré-tratamento com metilatropina (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Nas concentrações de 0,1-1000 &#956;g/mL, o OEAC e o NF induziram um relaxamento reversível e concentração-dependente nas preparações isoladas de artéria mesentérica pré-contraídas com KCl (75 mM) com a IC50 [média geométrica (95% de intervalo de confiança)] de 294,19 [158,20-94,64] e 501,27 [378,60-624,00] &#956;g/mL, respectivamente, ou com fenilefrina (FEN; 1 &#956;M) [IC50 = 11,07 [6,40-15,68] e 7,91 [4,08-11,74) &#956;g/mL, respectivamente]. O efeito vasorrelaxante do OEAC nas preparações pré-contraídas pela FEN não foi dependente da integridade do endotélio. OEAC e NF também inibiram a curva de concentração-resposta para a FEN (10-10- 3 x10-4 M) ou KCl (25-125 mM). Em meio isento de Ca2+, o OEAC (100 &#956;g/mL) reduziu significativamente a contração induzida pela FEN (1 mM) sem alterar aquela induzida pela cafeína (20 mM). Em meio isento de Ca2+ contendo alta concentração de potássio (75 mM) , as contrações induzidas por CaCl2 e BaCl2 foram reduzidas ou até completamente abolidas pelo OEAC nas concentrações de 100 e 600 &#956;g/mL, respectivamente. Um efeito similar nas contrações induzidas por CaCl2 foi também observado com o NF. O OEAC reduziu de maneira concentraçãodependente (IC50 = 52,66 [10,82-94,64]) a contração induzida pelo dibutirato de forbol (1 &#956;M), um ativador da proteína kinase C. Em conclusão, o OEAC e o NF induzem um reflexo vago-vagal bradicardizante e hipotensor (fase 1) que aparentemente resultou da estimulação das fibras C aferentes vagais pulmonares mas não cardíacas. Este reflexo não parece envolver a ativação dos receptores vanilóides TPRV1 nem dos receptores 5-HT3 localizados nestas fibras sensoriais vagais. O componente tardio (fase 2) da resposta hipotensora do OEAC parece ser decorrente, pelo menos em parte, de um efeito vasorrelaxante principalmente através de um mecanismo miogênico independente da integridade do endotélio do que através de um mecanismo dependente de eventos na membrana celular, envolvendo canais de cálcio dependentes de voltagem ou de receptor. Este efeito vasorrelaxante do OEAC, preferencialmente dependente do acoplamento farmacomecânico, foi principalmente atribuído à ação de seu maior constituinte, o NF

Véritable enjeu de santé publique, l’obésité et ses complications seraient la conséquence d’un état inflammatoire chronique de bas-grade qui pourrait résulter de la présence dans le sang de composés bactériens, les lipopolysaccharides (LPS), état appelé endotoxémie métabolique. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre pourquoi les LPS, initialement contenus dans le microbiote, sont capables de traverser l’intestin et d’entrer dans le système sanguin. Mon second objectif était d’étudier l’impact de la composition du microbiote dans le contrôle de la satiété par le nerf vague, lien de communication entre l’intestin et le cerveau. Pour cela, un modèle de rats soumis à un régime obésogène a été utilisée.Mes travaux ont montré que la consommation d’un régime obésogène induisait une perte de la fonction de barrière intestinale au niveau de l’iléon caractérisée par une baisse des défenses mucosales et une augmentation de la perméabilité au LPS. L’obésité est également caractérisée par une altération du comportement alimentaire, avec notamment une réduction de la sensibilité aux signaux de satiété. Nous avons montré que ni l’obésité ni le pourcentage de lipides du régime n’étaient responsables de cette perte de sensibilité aux signaux de satiété mais que l’altération du microbiote en serait le contributeur principal. Ainsi, l’endotoxémie métabolique serait le résultat d’une augmentation du passage transepithelial de LPS, qui, une fois dans le sang, pourraient atteindre, entre autres, le nerf vague où ils perturberaient les signaux intestinaux de satiété. / A real public health issue, obesity and its associated metabolic and behavioral disorders are the consequences of a state of low grade chronic inflammation that might originate from the presence in host plasma of gut-derived bacteria components, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This present state is called metabolic endotoxemia. The first aim of my thesis was to understand why, in diet-induced obesity (DIO), LPS initially contained in the gut lumen, are able to cross the intestine and enter into the circulatory system. My second aim was to investigate the effect of gut microbiota composition and LPS on the satiety regulation by the vagus nerve, the main communication pathway between the gut and the brain. To answer these questions, we have mainly used a DIO rat model.We showed that consumption of WD induced a loss of ileal barrier function characterized by a reduction in mucosal defenses associated to elevated LPS permeability. Obesity is also characterized by an alteration in feeding behavior including a decreased sensitivity to intestinal satiety signals. We showed that neither obesity nor the lipid percentage of the diet triggers loss of sensitivity to satiety signals but that gut microbiota alterations could rather be the main driver. Hence, metabolic endotoxemia could result from an increased transepithelial passage of LPS, which once spread in the blood could reach, among other things, the vagus nerve where they could disrupt intestinal signals of satiety.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第23128号 / 人健博第90号 / 新制||人健||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 稲富 宏之, 教授 精山 明敏, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM