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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Vésicules extracellulaires et régulation de la réponse inflammatoire dans les pathologies cardiovasculaires / Extracellular vesicles and inflammatory regulation in cardiovascular diseases

Yin, Min 30 November 2015 (has links)
Les vésicules extracellulaires telles que les microvésicules et les exosomes sont libérées lors de l’apoptose ou de l’activation cellulaire. Ce sont des médiateurs importants dans la communication intercellulaire, suggérant que ces vésicules pourraient jouer un rôle physiopathologique, en particulier dans les maladies cardiovasculaires. L'athérosclérose est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de la paroi artérielle qui résulte de l’interaction entre les lipoprotéines, les cellules inflammatoires, et les cellules vasculaires. L'infarctus du myocarde est une complication aiguë et grave de l'athérosclérose. La réaction inflammatoire post-infarctus joue un rôle central dans la formation de néovaisseaux sanguins et la cicatrisation. Cependant, les mécanismes de l’inflammation sont encore mal connus dans ces pathologies. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur les effets des vésicules extracellulaires isolées de tissus pathologiques sur les cellules inflammatoires. Nous avons montré dans un premier travail que les microvésicules s’accumulant dans les lésions d’athérosclérose humaines contribuent à la surcharge en cholestérol et en triglycérides des macrophages et facilitent la formation de cellules spumeuses. L’accumulation des lipides intracellulaires induite par ces microvésicules est contrebalancée par une augmentation de l’efflux du cholestérol associée à une activation d’ABCA1. Dans un deuxième travail, nous avons examiné les effets des vésicules produites dans le cœur post-infarctus sur la réponse inflammatoire. Nos résultats montrent : 1- une augmentation de la libération in situ des microvésicules majoritairement d’origine cardiomyocytaire et des exosomes 15 heures après infarctus ; 2- la stimulation de la production de VEGF monocytaire par les vésicules extracellulaires ; 3- l’incapacité en ce qui concerne les vésicules isolées de cœur diabétique infarci à reproduire cet effet sur les monocytes des souris contrôles. Afin de clarifier les déterminants de l’angiogenèse post-ischémique, nous avons également étudié les profils de miARNs des vésicules contrôles et diabétiques. Après infarctus du myocarde, l’expression de miR-126-3p et de miR-92a-3p est significativement diminuée dans les vésicules diabétiques en comparaison avec les vésicules contrôles. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé une augmentation de miR-126-3p et de miR-92a-3p respectivement dans les microvésicules et les exosomes chez les souris contrôles post-infarctus. En conclusion, ce travail apporte des éléments nouveaux sur les fonctions des vésicules extracellulaires générées localement dans les tissus inflammatoires, en particulier leur capacité à promouvoir la transformation des macrophages en cellules spumeuses dans la plaque. Par ailleurs, les vésicules isolées du cœur ischémique pourraient favoriser l’angiogenèse post-infarctus en stimulant la production de VEGF monocytaire. La disparition de cet effet bénéfique dans le diabète pourrait être associée à des modifications d’adressage des miARNs dans les vésicules extracellulaires au cours de cette pathologie. / Extracellular vesicles, such as microvesicles and exosomes, are released during cell apoptosis or activation. They are important mediators of intercellular communication, suggesting that these vesicles could play a pathophysiological role, especially in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall which results from the interaction between lipoproteins, inflammatory cells, and vascular cells. Myocardial infarction is an acute and severe complication of atherosclerosis. The postinfarction inflammatory response plays a central role in the formation of new blood vessels and scarring. However, the mechanisms of inflammation are still poorly known in these pathologies. My thesis concerned the effects of extracellular vesicles isolated from pathological tissues on inflammatory cells. We showed in the first work that microvesicles accumulating in human atherosclerotic lesions contribute to cholesterol and triglyceride overload in macrophages and facilitate foam cell formation. The accumulation of the intracellular lipids induced by those microvesicles is offset by an increase in cholesterol efflux associated with activation of ABCA1. In the second study, we examined the effect of vesicles produced in the infarcted heart on the inflammatory response. Our results showed : 1- an increased release in situ of microvesicles mostly of cardiomyocyte origin and exosomes 15 hours after infarction ; 2- the stimulation of monocyte VEGF production by extracellular vesicles ; 3- the incapacity of diabetic vesicles isolated from infarcted heart to reproduce that effect on control mice monocytes. In order to clarify the determinants of postischemic angiogenesis, we also studied miRNA profiles of control and diabetic vesicles. After myocardial infarction, the expression level of miR-126-3p and miR-92a-3p was significantly decreased in diabetic vesicles compared to control vesicles. Furthermore, we observed an increased expression of miR-126-3p and miR-92a-3p respectively in the microvesicles and the exosomes isolated from control mice heart after myocardial infarction. In conclusion, this work provides new information on the functions of extracellular vesicles locally generated in inflamed tissues, particularly in promoting macrophage transformation into foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, vesicles isolated from ischemic heart could enhance postinfarction angiogenesis by stimulating monocyte VEGF production. The loss of this beneficial effect in diabetes may be associated with changes of miRNA cargo in extracellular vesicles in this pathology.
182

Zum Einfluß angiogener Wachstumsfaktoren auf tumoröse Gefäßerkrankungen der Plazenta

Guschmann, Michael 08 July 2003 (has links)
Die Studien der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift hatten die Untersuchung der Abhängigkeit diffuser und tumorförmiger Hypervaskularisationen der Plazenta von angiogenen Wachstumsfaktoren zum Ziel. Kernaussagen sind, daß in Chorangiomen eine höhere Expression der Angiopoietine - 1 und - 2 vorliegt, bei morphologisch gleicher Rezeptorausstattung. Keine Differenzen zeigte die Expression von PDGF sowie seinem Rezeptor PDGF-ß. Bei Differenzierung solitärer und multipler Chorangiome (Chorangiomatosen) hinsichtlich klinischer Parameter sowie der Expression der angiogenen Wachstumsfaktoren Angiopoietin-1 und bFGF sowie hinsichtlich der Proliferationsrate konnten Unterschiede zwischen den plazentaren Läsionen deutlich werden. Die Expression der Wachstumsfaktoren war jeweils in Chorangiomatosen kräftiger als in solitären Veränderungen. Das Auftreten von Chorangiomatosen steht offensichtlich in Zusammenhang mit einer verstärkten Expression dieser Wachstumsfaktoren, die damit noch die ohnehin in Chorangiomen - gegenüber ortholog gereiftem Plazentaparenchym - gesteigerte Expression übertrifft. So deutet diese Studie nunmehr verstärkt auf eine Korrelation zwischen der Höhe der Wachstumsfaktorexpression und dem quantitativen Auftreten lokalisierter Angiopathien hin. Zudem ließen sich klinische Korrelationen aufzeigen. So lag das mütterliche Alter beim Auftreten lokalisierter hypervakularisierter Veränderungen deutlich über der bei unauffälligen Plazenten, ein Ergebnis, das vorherige Untersuchungen bestätigte. Geringe Differenzen das maternale Alter betreffend bestanden zwischen Chorangiomen und Chorangiomatosen. Hinsichtlich der Schwangerschaftskomplikationen fanden sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Chorangiomen und Chorangiomatosen. Begleitende Reifungsstörungen fanden sich auch in diesem Studienkollektiv, dahingehend, daß Chorangiome und häufiger noch Chorangiomatosen kombiniert mit diesen Auftreten. Untersuchungen zur Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate in Chorangiomen mit differierendem histologischen Subtyp erbrachten keinen Hinweis auf den Einfluß der Apoptose auf das Wachstum dieser tumorartigen Läsionen. In Chorangiomen zeigte sich im Vergleich zu regelhaft entwickeltem reifem Plazentagewebe eine leicht gesteigerte Proliferationsrate. Auffällig war einzig, daß Chorangiome endotheliomatösen Subtyps die höchste Proliferationsrate aufwiesen. Studien intrauteriner Todesfällen der frühen und mittleren Fetalperiode konnten zeigen, das diffuse Hypervaskularisationen offensichtlich reaktiver Natur sind. Untersuchungen zur Expression angiogener Wachstumsfaktoren zeigten, daß diese exprimiert werden und damit bereits an der Gefäßentwicklung der Plazenta in der Fetalperiode beteiligt sind. Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Expression der Wachstumsfaktoren in Plazenten mit Hypervaskularisationen und Kontrollproben fanden sich jedoch morphologisch nicht. Die gesteigerte Gefäßbildung in der frühen Fetalperiode ist offenbar eine reaktive Anpassung der Zotten auf die Hypoxie. Falldarstellungen zweier weiterer Plazentatumoren, eines inzidentellen Chorangiokarzinoms sowie eines Angiomyxoms der Nabelschnur erbrachten hinsichtlich der Gefäßkomponente in diesen Tumoren keine Abhängigkeit von den untersuchten Wachstumsfaktoren. Eine Studie von 136 Chorangiomen aus 22439 Plazenten ließen aussagefähigen Analysen der Häufigkeit, morphologischer Charakteristika und Korrelationen zwischen Chorangiomen und klinischen Befunden zu. So zeigten sich signifikante Abhängigkeiten zwischen dem Auftreten eines Chorangioms und dem mütterlichen Alter, der gestationsbedingten Hochdrucksymptomatik, der Parität, dem kindlichen Geschlecht und begleitender Reifungsstörungen der Plazenta. Insbesondere die Reifungsstörungen in Kombination zum Auftreten eines Chorangioms waren zuvor nie Gegenstand einer größeren wissenschaftlichen Studie. Einzelne Parameter fanden zwar sporadisch in einzelnen Publikationen mit wenigen Chorangiomen wissenschaftlich Beachtung, doch die dort publizierten Ergebnisse widersprachen sich vielfach. So ist die jetzt vorliegende Untersuchung in ihrer Größe und damit Aussagekraft sehr relevant. / The studies had the investigation of the dependence of vague and tumoric hypervascularisation of the placenta on angiogenic growth factors as a goal. Core statements are that in chorangiomas a higher expression of Angiopoietin-1 and - 2 is present, during morphologically same receptor equipment. The expression of PDGF as well as ist receptor did not show differences PDGF - beta. With differentiation of solitär and multiple chorangiomas (chorangiomatoses) regarding clinical parameters as well as the expression of the angiogenic growth factors Angiopoietin-1 and bFGF as well as regarding the proliferation rate could become clear differences between the placental lesions. The expression of the growth factors was in each case in chorangiomatoses stronger than in single changes. The occurrence of chorangiomatoses stands obviously in connection with a strengthened expression of these growth factors, which exceeds thereby still anyway the expression increased in chorangiomas - opposite ortholog matured placental tissue. Thus this study points now strengthened on a correlation between the height of the expression on growth factors and the quantitative occurrence of located angiopathia. Besides clinical correlations could be pointed out. Thus the maternal age was clearly with the occurrence of located such changes over with inconspicuous placentas, a result, which confirmed previous investigations. Small differences concerning the maternal age existed between chorangiomas and chorangiomatoses. Regarding the pregnancy complications were no differences between chorangiomas and chorangiomatoses. Accompanying maturing disturbances were in such a way also in this study collective, that chorangiomas combines and more frequently still chorangiomatoses with this occurrence. Investigations to the apoptoses and proliferation rate in chorangiomas with differing histological subtyp did not furnish a reference to the influence of the apoptoses on the growth of these tumor-like lesions. To chorangiomas an easily increased proliferation rate pointed itself compared with regularly developed ripe placental tissue. Remarkably it was only that chorangiomas with endotheliomatos subtyp the highest proliferation rate exhibited. Studies of intrauterin deaths of the early and middle fetal periode could show, which are vague hypervascularisation of obviously reactive nature. Investigations to the expression of angiogenic growth factors showed the fact that these are exprime and so that in the container development of the placenta in the fetal periode is involved already. Differences regarding the expression of the growth factors in plazentas with hypervascularisationen and inspection samples were not however morphologically. The increased container formation in the early fetal periode is obviously a reactive adjustment of the villous trees on the hypoxia. Drop representations of two further placenta tumors, a incidentially chorangiocarcinoma as well as a angiomyxoma of the umbilical cord did not furnish dependence on the examined growth factors regarding the container component in these tumors. Expressive analyses of the frequency, morphologic characteristics and correlations between chorangiomas and clinical findings permitted a study of 136 chorangiomas from 22439 plazentas. Thus significant dependence between the occurrence of a chorangioma and the maternal age, the gestational high pressure symptomatology, the parity, the childlike sex showed up and accompanying maturing disturbances of the placenta.
183

Investigação dos mecanismos de ação do Amblyomin-X sobre a angiogênese in vivo induzida pelo VEGF / Investigation of mechanisms of action of Amblyomin-X on in vivo on VEGF-induced angiogenesis

Drewes, Carine Cristiane 05 April 2011 (has links)
Amblyomin-X é um inibidor de serinoprotease do tipo kunitz obtido de uma biblioteca de cDNA das glândulas salivares do carrapato Amblyomma cajannense. Dados preliminares mostraram que a injeção in vivo de Amblyomin-X reduziu a formação de massa tumoral induzida por células de melanoma B16F10 em camundongos. Com base neste dado e na ação de inibidores de serinoproteases sobre a angiogênese, este projeto foi delineado para caracterizar as ações do Amblyomin-X sobre a angiogênese in vivo e sobre funções da célula endotelial in vitro na vigência do fator de crescimento VEGF-A. Os efeitos do Amblyomin-X sobre a cinética de formação de novos vasos na rede microcirculatória in vivo foram investigados no modelo de câmara dorsal em camundongos e na membrana corioalantóica. Empregando cultura de células endoteliais de linhagem de microcirculação (t-End), foram avaliados os efeitos do Amblyomin-X sobre viabilidade e citoproteção celular (anexina e iodeto de propídio - PI), proliferação celular (incorporação do fluoróforo diacetato de carboxi-fluoresceína succinimidil éster) e ciclo celular, além da expressão das moléculas de adesão PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, β1 e β3 integrinas em ensaios de citometria de fluxo. A aderência celular em Matrigel foi quantificada por espectrofotometria, a formação de tubos foi mensurada por microscopia óptica e a expressão gênica das moléculas de adesão PECAM-1, ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 por RT-PCR. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a aplicação tópica do Amblyomin-X (100ng/10µL) reduziu a formação de novos vasos no tecido subcutâneo dorsal de camundongos, quando o tratamento foi iniciado anterior ou concomitantemente, mas não posteriormente ao tratamento ao VEGF (10ng/10µL) e, reduziu a formação de novos vasos na membrana corioalantóica, quando administrado concomitantemente com o VEGF (0,25ng/10µL). O Amblyomin-X não alterou a viabilidade de células t-End (1000ng/mL, 72 horas); inibiu a apoptose e apoptose tardia causada por meio de cultura carenciado (100ng/mL); inibiu a proliferação (10, 100 ou 1000ng/mL de Amblyomin-X, 48 e 72 horas); induziu parada nas fases G1/G0 do ciclo celular; diminuiu a aderência e a formação de tubos das células endoteliais; não alterou a expressão basal de PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, β1 e β3 integrinas, mas reduziu a expressão de PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 induzida pelo VEGF-A. A redução da expressão protéica da PECAM-1 e ICAM-1 parece não ser dependente de ação do Amblyomin-X na expressão gênica, já que os níveis de RNAm não foram afetados pela ação do Amblyomin-X. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que o Amblyomin-X inibe a formação de novos vasos in vivo, por interferir, possivelmente, em mecanismos relacionados a sinalização da célula endotelial induzida pelo VEGF-A, em especial com a proliferação, adesão , tubulogênese e expressão de moléculas de adesão da família das imunoglobulinas. / Amblyomin-X is a type-kunitz serineprotease inhibitor obtained from a cDNA library of the Amblyomma cajannense salivary glands. Preliminary data showed that in vivo injection of the protein reduced the formation of tumor-induced B16F10 melanoma cells in mice. Based on this data and on actions of serinorpoteases inhibitors on angiogenesis, this project aimed to characterize the actions of Amblyomin-X on angiogenesis in vivo and on in vitro endothelial cells functions in the presence of the growth factor VEGF. The effects of Amblyomin-X on the in vivo formation of microcirculatory new vessels were investigated in the dorsal chamber model in mice and in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Mice microvascular endothelial cell lineage (t-End) was employed to evaluate the effects of Amblyomin-X on cytoprotection and cell viability (Annexin-V and propidium iodide-PI), cell proliferation (incorporation of the fluorophore fluorescein diacetate carboxy-succinimidil ester), cell cycle, membrane expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, β1 and β3 integrins adhesion molecules using flow cytometry. Cell adhesion was assessed in matrigel by spectrophotometry, the formation of tubes was measured by optical microscopy and adhesion molecules PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Data obtained showed that topical application of Amblyomin-X (100ng/10µL) reduced the formation of new vessels, only when Amblyomin-X treatment started before or simultaneously to VEGF-A stimulation (10ng/10µL). Amblyomin-X (100ng/10µL) also reduced the formation of new vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane assay, when coadministered with VEGF (0.25ng/10µL). The Amblyomin-X did not alter the viability of t-End (1000ng/mL, 72 hours), inhibited apoptosis and late apoptosis caused by deprivated serum (100ng/mL), inhibited proliferation (10, 100 or 1000ng/mL, 48 and 72 hours), induced G1/G0 arrest in cell cycle phases, decreased the cell adhesion and tube formation (100ng/mL), did not alter the basal expression of PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, β1 or β3 integrin, but reduced the PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 induced by VEGF-A. Impaired PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression seems not be dependent on gene expression, as, mRNA levels were not affected by the action of Amblyomin-X. Together, the data obtained shows that the Amblyomin-X inhibits new vessel formation in vivo, by interfering, possibly, with mechanisms related to VEGF-A induced endothelial cell signaling, especially with the proliferation, adhesion, tubulogenesis and expression of adhesion molecules.
184

Effekte onkolytischer Adenoviren auf die Aktivität zellulärer Signaltransduktionswege in Gliomzellen

Treue, Denise 04 June 2012 (has links)
Die Therapie des häufigsten primären Hirntumors bei Erwachsenen, des Glioblastoms, gestaltet sich aufgrund der relativen Resistenz gegen Bestrahlung und Zytostatika schwierig und resultiert in einer äußerst schlechten Prognose. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Identifikation von zellulären Faktoren, die bei einer Behandlung mit dem neuartigen onkolytischen Virus Ad5-Delo3RGD (ΔE1A-13S, ΔE19K, ΔE3, zusätzliches RGD-Motiv) eine Bedeutung hinsichtlich des Ansprechens auf die Therapie haben. Dazu erfolgte nach der Transduktion von Gliomzellen mit adenoviralen Vektoren, mit unterschiedlichem E1A-Status, eine Analyse der Modulation der globalen Genexpression. Die E1A-Deletante, Ad5-Ad312, war replikationsinkompetent in Gliomzellen und hatte infolgedessen nur einen marginalen Einfluss auf Genebene und keine biologischen Effekte auf Proteinebene. Das Wildtypvirus (Ad5-wt) mit intakter und das onkolytische Virus (Ad5-Delo3RGD) mit mutierter E1A-Region induzierten eine starke Modifikation der zellulären Genexpression in Gliomzellen. Die Transduktion der Gliomzellen mit Wildtypvirus bzw. onkolytischen Virus resultierte in einer bis zu 60 %-igen Hemmung der Sekretion des Angiogenesefaktors VEGF. Fernerhin konnte in Glioblastomzellen gezeigt werden, dass Ad5-wt und Ad5-Delo3RGD eine 50 bis 60 %-ige Inhibition der Sekretion von TGF-β2, sowie eine bis zu 65 %-ige Hemmung der Transkriptionsaktivität des TGF-β-Signalwegs induzierten. Damit reprimieren besagte Viren zelluläre Faktoren, deren Expression im Gliom mit einer schlechten Prognose korreliert ist. Aufgrund dieser Daten konnte für maligne Gliome ein Modell von Ad5-Delo3RGD-Therapie relevanten zellulären Faktoren entwickelt werden, welches den Zusammenhang zwischen TGF-β2, VEGF bzw. MIR-181 und der Virotherapie verdeutlicht. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells steigt das Verständnis um die antineoplastische Aktivität des onkolytischen Virus, und ermöglicht damit eine Verbesserung der Ad5-Delo3RGD-basierten Therapie. / Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor among adults. The therapy is very difficult, due to its relative resistance to radiation and zytostatica, and often results in fatal prognosis. The main objective of this thesis was the identification of cellular factors associated with therapy response to adenoviral treatment using the newly developed oncolytic virus Ad5-Delo3RGD. Therefore, after viral transduction of glioma cells with adenoviral vectors, using E1A-wildtype and -mutant viruses, an analysis of the modulation of mRNA expression profiles was conducted. The E1A deletion mutant Ad5-Ad312 was replication-deficient in glioma cells and therefore had only marginal influence of host gene transcription level and no biological effect on protein level. Both, wildtype adenovirus type 5 (Ad5-wt), with intact E1A, and oncolytic virus (Ad5-Delo3RGD), with mutated E1A, induced strong modifications of gene expression profiles in glioma cells. The transduction of glioma cells with wildtype or oncolytic virus resulted in a 60 % reduced secretion of the angionesis factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). In addition it was shown that Ad5-wt and Ad5-Delo3RGD induced a reduced secretion of TGF-ß2 by 50 to 60 % and a repression of the SMAD2/SMAD3/SMAD4-specific transcription activity up to 65 %. Thus the viruses inhibit cellular factors, which expression is corelated to a weak prognosis. Based on this data a new model for malign glioma was developed, which illustrates the relationship between virotherapy and the cellular factors TGF-β2, VEGF and MIR-181, which are associated with treatment response to Ad5-Delo3RGD-based therapy. The model helps to understand the basic antineoplastic activity of the oncolytic virus and therefore should help to improve Ad5-Delo3RGD-based therapy.
185

Avaliação Imuno-histoquímica de VEGF-C e COX-2 em Carcinomas Papilíferos de Tireoide.

Pires, Janaína Steger de Oliveira Costa 28 June 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANAINA STEGER DE OLIVEIRA COSTA PIRES.pdf: 1117981 bytes, checksum: f845b89570ca9e09aa37909b90cf688b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / Thyroid câncer is the most common endocrine system malignant neoplasia. Although it is a relatively rare pathology, responsible for approximately 1% of new malignant disease cases, there has been recognized all over the world a tendency to increase its incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C in patients diagnosed with Thyroid Papilary Carcinoma (TPC) in the city of Goiania, Goias State, Brazil, as well as the possible associations between this expression markers and the following factors: lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor size, age, adjacent tissue invasion and gender. In this regard, 165 thyroid papilary carcinoma cases diagnosed at the Araujo Jorge Hospital Patologic Anatomy Department in Goiania, Goias State, Brazil were analyzed. The molecular analysis was held by immunohistochemistry. Descriptive and comparative statistical analysis using Chi square test were held in this study. The study evaluated 165 patients who had documented histopathologic TPC diagnosis. The immunohistocemical analysis of the expression COX-2 e VEGF-C made possible to classify the expression COX-2 e VEGF-C in two groups, one of them with the expression &#8804; 50 % to COX-2 and VEGF-C (90 cases 54,5%; 102 cases 40,6%), and the other one with the expression > 50 % (50 cases 30,3%; 62 cases 37,6%). Significant statistical associations were observed between the size (p=0,0048; p<0,0001) and adjacent tissue invasion (p=0,0006; p<0,0001) with the expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C, and also between lymph node metastasis (p<0,0001) with expression VEGF-C. The collected data showed that the over expression COX-2 and VEGF-C in TPC cases can be important molecular biomarkers in thyroid papilary carcinoma prognosis. Our results corroborate to other studies that demonstrated the usability of these proteins to identify TPC patients, with a higher risk of disease progression because of its association with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis and with adjacent tissue invasion. / O câncer de tireóide é a neoplasia maligna mais comum do sistema endócrino. Embora seja uma patologia relativamente rara, responsável por aproximadamente 1% dos novos casos de doenças malignas, uma tendência no aumento de sua incidência tem sido reconhecida em várias partes do mundo. O objetivo desse estudo consistiu em avaliar a expressão de COX-2 e VEGF-C em pacientes diagnosticados com Carcinoma Papilífero da Tireóide (CPT) em Goiânia, bem como as possíveis associações entre a expressão desses marcadores e os seguintes fatores: metástase linfonodal, metástase à distância, tamanho do tumor, idade, extravasamento-invasão de tecidos adjacentes e gênero. Para isso foram analisados 165 casos de carcinomas papilíferos de tireoide diagnosticados no Setor de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital Araújo Jorge, em Goiânia, Goiás. A análise molecular foi feita por imuno-histoquímica. Análises estatísticas descritiva e comparativa com o teste Chi-quadrado foram usadas nesse estudo. O estudo avaliou 165 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico comprovado de CPT. A análise imuno-histoquímica da expressão de COX-2 e VEGF-C, possibilitou a classificação da expressão de COX-2 e VEGF-C em dois grupos, sendo um com expressão &#8804; 50 % para COX-2 e VEGF-C (90 casos 54,5%; 102 casos 40,6%), e outro com expressão > 50 % (50 casos 30,3%; 62 casos 37,6%). Associações estatisticamente significativas foram observadas entre o tamanho (p=0,0048; p<0,0001) e invasão de tecido adjacente (p=0,0006; p<0,0001) com a hiperexpressão de COX-2 e VEGF-C, e também entre metástase linfonodal (p<0,0001) com a expressão de VEGF-C. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a superexpressão de COX-2 e VEGF-C nos CPT podem ser importantes biomarcadores moleculares no prognóstico do carcinoma papilífero de tireóide. Nossos resultados corroboram com outros estudos que demonstraram a utilidade dessas proteínas na identificação de pacientes com CPT, com maior risco de progressão da doença por sua associação com a presença de metástases para linfonodos regionais e com a invasão de tecido adjacente.
186

Polimorfismos gênicos do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) em gestantes com distúrbios hiperglicêmicos. / Gene polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pregnant women with hyperglycemic disorders.

Barreiro, Erica Giovana 25 June 2009 (has links)
A angiogênese é um processo essencial para a formação placentária. Dentre os muitos fatores envolvidos neste evento biológico, destaca-se de forma preponderante o Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular (VEGF), cuja produção é controlada por genes, que podem apresentar variantes polimórficas diversas. As conseqüências funcionais destas variações não estão ainda completamente elucidadas, embora algumas tenham sido já associadas a um comprometimento da angiogênese em diversos sistemas biológicos. Por outro lado, alterações morfológicas na formação, distribuição e arranjo dos vasos placentários foram descritas na placenta de gestantes com distúrbios hiperglicêmicos como a Diabete mellitus e a hiperglicemia moderada. Particularmente nos casos de hiperglicemia moderada, a adaptação vascular observada parece estar relacionada à manutenção da capacidade funcional placentária. Na diabete, este achado foi correlacionado à expressão protéica e gênica atípica de determinados fatores angiogênicos na interface materno-fetal, enquanto que em outras condições hiperglicêmicas a provável participação destes fatores ainda não foi completamente determinada. Desta forma, partindo da hipótese de que as alterações placentárias vasculares em gestantes hiperglicêmicas podem ser decorrentes da expressão ou produção atípica do VEGF e que esta por sua vez pode ser decorrente de polimorfismos gênicos, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar polimorfismos do gene deste fator de crescimento em placentas de gestantes com distúrbios hiperglicêmicos. Foi realizada a análise dos polimorfismos -460C/T, -634G/C e 936C/T do gene do VEGF em fragmentos de vilos coriônicos de gestantes normoglicêmicas, com hiperglicemia moderada e com Diabete mellitus prévia à gestação, denominados respectivamente de grupo IA, IB e IIB. Todo o material foi fornecido pelo Serviço de Diabetes e Gravidez da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu UNESP. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos do VEGF foi realizada através da Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia (PCR), seguida de digestão por enzima de restrição. As freqüências de distribuição genotípica e alélica dos polimorfismos do VEGF foram comparadas entre os grupos hiperglicêmicos (IB e IIB) e 6 o grupo controle. As freqüências genotípicas estavam em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Foram observadas diferenças significantes nas freqüências genotípicas e alélicas do polimorfismo -460C/T do gene do VEGF em placentas de gestantes hiperglicêmicas (grupos IB e IIB) quando comparadas entre si, mas não com o grupo controle. Diferenças estatísticas nas freqüências genotípicas e alélicas do polimorfismo -634G/C VEGF foram detectadas nos grupos hiperglicêmicos em geral comparados ao grupo controle. Não foram identificadas diferenças nas freqüências genotípicas e alélicas do polimorfismo 936C/T do VEGF entre os grupos avaliados. Em conjunto, nossos achados sugerem que a resposta placentária a distúrbios hiperglicêmicos pode estar correlacionada à presença dos dois polimorfismos: -460C/T e 634C/G. No entanto, nenhuma correlação direta funcional positiva foi observada com a angiogênese observada nas placentas de gestações associadas à hiperglicemia moderada. / The angiogenesis is a process essential for placental formation. Among the many factors involved in this biological event, the factor most active is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whose production is controlled by genes, which may present different polymorphic variants. The functional consequences of these changes are not yet fully elucidated, although some have been associated with an impairment of angiogenesis in various biological systems. Moreover, morphological changes in distribution and arrangement of the placental vessels were described in the placenta of pregnant women with hyperglycemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and mild hyperglycemia. Particularly in cases of mild hyperglycemia, the observed vascular adaptation seems to be related to the maintenance of functional placenta. In diabetes, this finding was correlated with the atypical gene and protein expression of certain angiogenic factors in maternalfetal interface, while in other hyperglycemic conditions the likely participation of these factors has not been fully determined. Thus, based on the hypothesis that placental vascular changes in hyperglycemic pregnant women may be due to atypical expression or production of VEGF and that this in turn may be caused by gene polymorphisms, the objective of this study was to assess polymorphisms of this gene factor growth in placentas of women with hyperglycemic disorders. The analysis of the polymorphisms of the VEGF gene was performed in fragments of chorionic villi of normoglycemic, mild hyperglycemic and diabetic pregnant women, respectively named of group IA, IB and IIB. All specimens were provided by the Serviço de Serviço de Diabetes e Gravidez da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu UNESP. Genotyping of the VEGF gene polymorphisms -460C/T, -634G/C and 936C/T was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The frequency of VEGF alleles and genotype distribution were compared among the hyperglycemic and control groups. The genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We have observed significant differences of VEGF -460C/T polymorphism between the hyperglycemic placentas (IB X IIB), but not compared to control group. Statistical differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of C of VEGF -634G/C were detected 8 in hyperglycemic groups in general in comparison to controls. There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies among the evaluated groups. Taken together our findings suggest that the placental response to hyperglycemic disturbs may be correlated to the presence of both -460C/T and -636C/G polymorphism of the VEGF gene. However, no direct functional correlation was detected between these VEGF polymorphisms and the intense angiogenesis seen in placentas of mild hyperglycemiaassociated gestation.
187

Geração de clones de células HEK293 superprodutores de isoformas recombinantes de VEGF-A (Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular A) humano visando à produção de biofármacos para terapia molecular e engenharia tecidual / Generation of HEK293 cell clones overexpressing recombinant isoforms of human VEGF-A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) with the aim of producing biopharmaceuticals for molecular therapy and tissue engineering

Belchior, Gustavo Gross 25 April 2014 (has links)
Os primeiros vasos sanguíneos do embrião de vertebrados, formados de novo a partir de células originadas da mesoderme, originam os vasos linfáticos em um processo denominado vasculogênese. Já no adulto, novos vasos são formados principalmente através da angiogênese (ou linfoangiogênese) a partir da vasculatura pré-existente. Em indivíduos saudáveis, a arquitetura vascular é relativamente estática, sendo que o excesso ou a insuficiência de vasos são comumente relacionados à angiogênese patológica, vinculada a diversas doenças, como câncer, degeneração macular relacionada à idade, isquemia de membros e muitas outras. Dessa forma, o controle local da densidade de vasos sanguíneos torna-se interessante para o tratamento de condições patológicas visando melhoria de prognóstico e cura. Dentre os diversos fatores de crescimento conhecidos, o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular, VEGF, destaca-se como o principal regulador do processo de angiogênese através de isoformas pró-angiogênicas (VEGFxxx) e antiangiogênicas (VEGFxxxb) do gene VEGF-A. Consequentemente, as proteínas codificadas por esse gene constituem um alvo com alto potencial terapêutico. No presente estudo, propusemos a produção das isoformas proteicas recombinantes rhVEGF165, rhVEGF165b e rhVEGF121, oriundas do gene VEGF-A humano, visando à geração de biofármacos que podem ser utilizados para terapia molecular e engenharia tecidual. As sequências codificadoras das isoformas rhVEGF165 e rhVEGF121 foram amplificadas a partir do cDNA total sintetizado de amostras de RNA total de pulmão humano, enquanto que a da isoforma rhVEGF165b foi gerada através da mutação sítio-dirigida da sequência de rhVEGF165. As sequências foram clonadas no vetor de clonagem pGEM®-T Easy, sendo em seguida subclonadas no vetor pLV-eGFP, um vetor plasmidial de transferência lentiviral, que permite a expressão de transgenes em células de mamíferos e, também, da proteína repórter eGFP. Células humanas HEK293 em cultura aderente foram independentemente cotransfectadas com cada uma das construções geradas (pLV-rhVEGF165, pLV-rhVEGF165b e pLV-rhVEGFl21) juntamente com o vetor pTK-Hyg na proporção de 40:1 (m/m), viabilizando a seleção dos transfectantes com o antibiótico higromicina B, além da detecção de eGFP. Os clones celulares superprodutores das proteínas de interesse foram avaliados quanto à cinética de expressão em meio carente de soro e adaptados para a cultura em suspensão estática na presença de meio na ausência de componentes derivados de animais, demostrando a capacidade de expressão das isoformas rhVEGFs nestas condições de cultivo. Para o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro trabalho a descrever a expressão de isoformas de VEGF-A em células HEK293 mantidas em suspensão. As isoformas rhVEGF165 e rhVEGF165b foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade a heparina, a partir do meio condicionado pelos clones superprodutores gerados. Ensaios in vitro, utilizando o AngioPhaseTM Kit, e in vivo, através do ensaio da membrana corioalantoide em embriões de galinha (CAM Assay), ambos próprios para avaliação da atividade pró- e antiangiogênica de diferentes compostos, demonstraram que a isoforma rhVEGF165 possui atividade biológica, enquanto a isoforma rhVEGF165b não apresentou a atividade esperada (inibição da angiogênese). Estas isoformas foram testadas em modelo murino de engenharia tecidual do intestino curto, com indícios de que poderiam contribuir para o uso terapêutico neste contexto. A purificação da isoforma rhVEGF121, bem como as análises estruturais das proteínas produzidas, estão em processo de otimização. / The first blood vessels of the vertebrate embryo are formed de novo from mesoderm-derived cells and give rise to lymph vessels in a process termed vasculogenesis. In the adult, new blood vessels are formed mainly through angiogenesis (or lymphangiogenesis) from the pre-existing vasculature. In healthy individuals, the vascular architecture is fairly static, and both the excess and the insufficiency of vessels comprise a pathological angiogenic state, to which is credited the onset and/or progression of several diseases such as cancer, age-related macular degeneration, limb ischemia, and many others. Therefore, locally controlling the blood vessel density becomes interesting for the treatment of pathological conditions aiming at prognosis improvement and cure. Among the various known growth factors, the vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, stands out as the major regulator of the angiogenic process. This process is mediated through the action of pro- (VEGFxxx) and antiangiogenic (VEGFxxxb) isoforms, which are derived from the VEGF-A gene. Consequently, the proteins encoded by this gene are potential therapeutic targets. In this work, we set out to produce the recombinant protein isoforms rhVEGF165, rhVEGF165b, and rhVEGF121, which originate from the human VEGF-A gene, with the aim of generating biopharmaceuticals to be used for molecular therapy and tissue engineering. The rhVEGF165 and rhVEGF121 coding sequences were amplified from total cDNA sythesized from human lung total RNA. Conversely, the rhVEGF165b coding sequence was generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the rhVEGF165 sequence. The sequences were cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy cloning vector. These cDNAs were then subcloned into pLV-eGFP, a plasmid lentiviral transfer vector that allows for expression of transgenes and the eGFP reporter protein in mammalian cells. Human HEK293 cells cultivated under adherent conditions were independently co-transfected with each of the obtained constructs (pLV-rhVEGF165, pLV-rhVEGF165b, and pLV-rhVEGF121) and the pTK-Hyg vector at a proportion of 40:1 (m/m), enabling for the selection of transfectants with hygromycin B, apart from the detection of eGFP. The cell clones overexpressing the proteins of interest were evaluated for expression kinetics in serum-deprived conditioned media and adapted to static suspension culture in medium free of animal-derived components, demonstrating that expression of the protein isoforms was possible in these culture conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that describes the expression of VEGF-A isoforms in HEK293 cells in suspension culture. The rhVEGF165 and rhVEGF165b isoforms were purified by affinity chromatography from media previously conditioned by the overexpressing cell clones. The biological activity of rhVEGF165 was demonstrated in vitro, by the AngioPhaseTM Kit assay, and in vivo with the CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) assay, both of which are suitable for evaluating the pro- and antiangiogenic activity of different compounds. The rhVEGF165b did not show the expected antiangiogenic activity. These isoforms were tested in a model of murine tissue-engineered small intestine, indicating a possible contribution to therapeutic use in this context. The purification of rhVEGF121, as well as the structural analysis of all three proteins, are in the process of being optimized.
188

Valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos em mastocitomas cutâneos caninos / Prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

Jennifer Ostrand Freytag 22 February 2017 (has links)
O mastocitoma (MCT) é um dos tumores mais frequentes em cães, compreendendo de 16 a 21% de todas as neoplasias cutâneas nesta espécie. A graduação histológica é considerada o padrão ouro na avaliação prognóstica dos MCTs, porém seu comportamento biológico variado ressalta a necessidade de métodos complementares para uma avaliação precisa. Atualmente, identifica-se na literatura indexada uma série de estudos propondo novos marcadores moleculares como fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, porém poucos estão consolidados na rotina clínica e/ou diagnóstica. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar o valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos publicados em artigos científicos através de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, assim como avaliar o valor prognóstico do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) em MCTs caninos. O processo de revisão sistemática se iniciou com 124 estudos identificados em 5 bases de dados e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 7 artigos foram selecionados para a meta-análise. Os resultados demonstraram que o marcador de proliferação celular Ki67 pode ser considerado um bom fator prognóstico nos MCTs caninos. Porém, a baixa qualidade dos artigos e a insuficiência de dados publicados impossibilitaram a avaliação de outros marcadores, incluindo o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT. No estudo retrospectivo, a imunoexpressão dos marcadores KIT, Ki67 e VEGF foi avaliada em MCTs cutâneos de 43 cães. O marcador Ki67 apresentou correlação significativa com a taxa de mortalidade e sobrevida e o marcador KIT apresentou diferença significativa de sobrevida entre o padrão membranoso e citoplasmático difuso, porém não foram observadas diferenças no VEGF. Em conclusão, estes estudos validaram os marcadores de proliferação celular Ki67 e o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT como principais fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, enquanto o VEGF não foi indicado. Por fim, a revisão sistemática permitiu uma análise crítica da qualidade dos trabalhos publicados na área, ressaltando a importância da padronização de metodologias analíticas e da documentação completa de dados clínicos, patológicos e estatísticos empregados em estudos controlados na oncologia veterinária. / Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most frequent tumors in dogs, accounting for 16 to 21% of all cutaneous tumors in this species. Histological grading is considered the standard evaluation method to access the prognostic of MCTs. However, its varied biological behavior highlights the need of complementary methods for an accurate evaluation. Currently, a number of studies proposing new molecular markers as prognostic factors in canine MCTs is identified in the indexed literature, but few are consolidated in the clinical and/or diagnostic routine. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers published in scientific articles through a systematic review and meta-analysis, as well as to evaluate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in canine MCTs. The systematic review process has started with 124 studies identified in 5 databases and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the cell proliferation marker Ki67 can be considered a good prognostic factor in canine MCTs. However, poor quality of the articles and insufficient published data made it impossible to evaluate other markers, including the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT. In the retrospective study, immunoexpression of KIT, Ki67 and VEGF markers was evaluated in cutaneous MCTs from 43 dogs. The Ki67 marker showed a significant correlation with the mortality and survival rates, and the KIT marker showed a significant difference in survival between the membranous and diffuse cytoplasmic patterns groups, but no differences were observed in VEGF. In conclusion, these studies validated the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor as major prognostic factors in canine MCTs, whereas VEGF was not indicated. Finally, the systematic review allowed a critical analysis of the quality of the published studies in this area, emphasizing the importance of the standardization of analytical methodologies and the complete documentation of clinical, pathological and statistical data used in controlled studies in veterinary oncology.
189

Investigação dos mecanismos de ação do Amblyomin-X sobre a angiogênese in vivo induzida pelo VEGF / Investigation of mechanisms of action of Amblyomin-X on in vivo on VEGF-induced angiogenesis

Carine Cristiane Drewes 05 April 2011 (has links)
Amblyomin-X é um inibidor de serinoprotease do tipo kunitz obtido de uma biblioteca de cDNA das glândulas salivares do carrapato Amblyomma cajannense. Dados preliminares mostraram que a injeção in vivo de Amblyomin-X reduziu a formação de massa tumoral induzida por células de melanoma B16F10 em camundongos. Com base neste dado e na ação de inibidores de serinoproteases sobre a angiogênese, este projeto foi delineado para caracterizar as ações do Amblyomin-X sobre a angiogênese in vivo e sobre funções da célula endotelial in vitro na vigência do fator de crescimento VEGF-A. Os efeitos do Amblyomin-X sobre a cinética de formação de novos vasos na rede microcirculatória in vivo foram investigados no modelo de câmara dorsal em camundongos e na membrana corioalantóica. Empregando cultura de células endoteliais de linhagem de microcirculação (t-End), foram avaliados os efeitos do Amblyomin-X sobre viabilidade e citoproteção celular (anexina e iodeto de propídio - PI), proliferação celular (incorporação do fluoróforo diacetato de carboxi-fluoresceína succinimidil éster) e ciclo celular, além da expressão das moléculas de adesão PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, &#946;1 e &#946;3 integrinas em ensaios de citometria de fluxo. A aderência celular em Matrigel foi quantificada por espectrofotometria, a formação de tubos foi mensurada por microscopia óptica e a expressão gênica das moléculas de adesão PECAM-1, ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 por RT-PCR. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a aplicação tópica do Amblyomin-X (100ng/10&#181;L) reduziu a formação de novos vasos no tecido subcutâneo dorsal de camundongos, quando o tratamento foi iniciado anterior ou concomitantemente, mas não posteriormente ao tratamento ao VEGF (10ng/10&#181;L) e, reduziu a formação de novos vasos na membrana corioalantóica, quando administrado concomitantemente com o VEGF (0,25ng/10&#181;L). O Amblyomin-X não alterou a viabilidade de células t-End (1000ng/mL, 72 horas); inibiu a apoptose e apoptose tardia causada por meio de cultura carenciado (100ng/mL); inibiu a proliferação (10, 100 ou 1000ng/mL de Amblyomin-X, 48 e 72 horas); induziu parada nas fases G1/G0 do ciclo celular; diminuiu a aderência e a formação de tubos das células endoteliais; não alterou a expressão basal de PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, &#946;1 e &#946;3 integrinas, mas reduziu a expressão de PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 induzida pelo VEGF-A. A redução da expressão protéica da PECAM-1 e ICAM-1 parece não ser dependente de ação do Amblyomin-X na expressão gênica, já que os níveis de RNAm não foram afetados pela ação do Amblyomin-X. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que o Amblyomin-X inibe a formação de novos vasos in vivo, por interferir, possivelmente, em mecanismos relacionados a sinalização da célula endotelial induzida pelo VEGF-A, em especial com a proliferação, adesão , tubulogênese e expressão de moléculas de adesão da família das imunoglobulinas. / Amblyomin-X is a type-kunitz serineprotease inhibitor obtained from a cDNA library of the Amblyomma cajannense salivary glands. Preliminary data showed that in vivo injection of the protein reduced the formation of tumor-induced B16F10 melanoma cells in mice. Based on this data and on actions of serinorpoteases inhibitors on angiogenesis, this project aimed to characterize the actions of Amblyomin-X on angiogenesis in vivo and on in vitro endothelial cells functions in the presence of the growth factor VEGF. The effects of Amblyomin-X on the in vivo formation of microcirculatory new vessels were investigated in the dorsal chamber model in mice and in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Mice microvascular endothelial cell lineage (t-End) was employed to evaluate the effects of Amblyomin-X on cytoprotection and cell viability (Annexin-V and propidium iodide-PI), cell proliferation (incorporation of the fluorophore fluorescein diacetate carboxy-succinimidil ester), cell cycle, membrane expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, &#946;1 and &#946;3 integrins adhesion molecules using flow cytometry. Cell adhesion was assessed in matrigel by spectrophotometry, the formation of tubes was measured by optical microscopy and adhesion molecules PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Data obtained showed that topical application of Amblyomin-X (100ng/10&#181;L) reduced the formation of new vessels, only when Amblyomin-X treatment started before or simultaneously to VEGF-A stimulation (10ng/10&#181;L). Amblyomin-X (100ng/10&#181;L) also reduced the formation of new vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane assay, when coadministered with VEGF (0.25ng/10&#181;L). The Amblyomin-X did not alter the viability of t-End (1000ng/mL, 72 hours), inhibited apoptosis and late apoptosis caused by deprivated serum (100ng/mL), inhibited proliferation (10, 100 or 1000ng/mL, 48 and 72 hours), induced G1/G0 arrest in cell cycle phases, decreased the cell adhesion and tube formation (100ng/mL), did not alter the basal expression of PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, &#946;1 or &#946;3 integrin, but reduced the PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 induced by VEGF-A. Impaired PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression seems not be dependent on gene expression, as, mRNA levels were not affected by the action of Amblyomin-X. Together, the data obtained shows that the Amblyomin-X inhibits new vessel formation in vivo, by interfering, possibly, with mechanisms related to VEGF-A induced endothelial cell signaling, especially with the proliferation, adhesion, tubulogenesis and expression of adhesion molecules.
190

Valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos em mastocitomas cutâneos caninos / Prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

Freytag, Jennifer Ostrand 22 February 2017 (has links)
O mastocitoma (MCT) é um dos tumores mais frequentes em cães, compreendendo de 16 a 21% de todas as neoplasias cutâneas nesta espécie. A graduação histológica é considerada o padrão ouro na avaliação prognóstica dos MCTs, porém seu comportamento biológico variado ressalta a necessidade de métodos complementares para uma avaliação precisa. Atualmente, identifica-se na literatura indexada uma série de estudos propondo novos marcadores moleculares como fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, porém poucos estão consolidados na rotina clínica e/ou diagnóstica. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar o valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos publicados em artigos científicos através de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, assim como avaliar o valor prognóstico do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) em MCTs caninos. O processo de revisão sistemática se iniciou com 124 estudos identificados em 5 bases de dados e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 7 artigos foram selecionados para a meta-análise. Os resultados demonstraram que o marcador de proliferação celular Ki67 pode ser considerado um bom fator prognóstico nos MCTs caninos. Porém, a baixa qualidade dos artigos e a insuficiência de dados publicados impossibilitaram a avaliação de outros marcadores, incluindo o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT. No estudo retrospectivo, a imunoexpressão dos marcadores KIT, Ki67 e VEGF foi avaliada em MCTs cutâneos de 43 cães. O marcador Ki67 apresentou correlação significativa com a taxa de mortalidade e sobrevida e o marcador KIT apresentou diferença significativa de sobrevida entre o padrão membranoso e citoplasmático difuso, porém não foram observadas diferenças no VEGF. Em conclusão, estes estudos validaram os marcadores de proliferação celular Ki67 e o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT como principais fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, enquanto o VEGF não foi indicado. Por fim, a revisão sistemática permitiu uma análise crítica da qualidade dos trabalhos publicados na área, ressaltando a importância da padronização de metodologias analíticas e da documentação completa de dados clínicos, patológicos e estatísticos empregados em estudos controlados na oncologia veterinária. / Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most frequent tumors in dogs, accounting for 16 to 21% of all cutaneous tumors in this species. Histological grading is considered the standard evaluation method to access the prognostic of MCTs. However, its varied biological behavior highlights the need of complementary methods for an accurate evaluation. Currently, a number of studies proposing new molecular markers as prognostic factors in canine MCTs is identified in the indexed literature, but few are consolidated in the clinical and/or diagnostic routine. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers published in scientific articles through a systematic review and meta-analysis, as well as to evaluate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in canine MCTs. The systematic review process has started with 124 studies identified in 5 databases and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the cell proliferation marker Ki67 can be considered a good prognostic factor in canine MCTs. However, poor quality of the articles and insufficient published data made it impossible to evaluate other markers, including the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT. In the retrospective study, immunoexpression of KIT, Ki67 and VEGF markers was evaluated in cutaneous MCTs from 43 dogs. The Ki67 marker showed a significant correlation with the mortality and survival rates, and the KIT marker showed a significant difference in survival between the membranous and diffuse cytoplasmic patterns groups, but no differences were observed in VEGF. In conclusion, these studies validated the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor as major prognostic factors in canine MCTs, whereas VEGF was not indicated. Finally, the systematic review allowed a critical analysis of the quality of the published studies in this area, emphasizing the importance of the standardization of analytical methodologies and the complete documentation of clinical, pathological and statistical data used in controlled studies in veterinary oncology.

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