The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the better understanding of determinants and consequences of international migration from Senegal, a West-African country with a longstanding tradition of migration to both African and European countries. Using a longitudinal (retrospective) and multi-sited micro dataset on 'Migration between Africa and Europe' (MAFE-SN), three selected topics are explored empirically. Firstly, the research examines the role of individual and contextual factors for the migration decision-making process, analysing jointly selection into migration attempts and departure. Results indicate that selection processes at the decision and realisation stages do not necessarily coincide, for instance with regard to the role of sex, education, but also immigration policies. Secondly, the impact of international migration experience on investments in real estate or business assets in the country of origin is examined. Direct migration experience is found to stimulate investment, though the effect varies according to the type of asset, the location and the destination region. International migration also appears as a way to overcome certain social disadvantages in terms of access to property. However, nonmigrants with access to migrant networks are not more likely to invest. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the effect of return migrant status on occupational attainment in Dakar. The main result obtained, a positive effect on self-employment, conforms to previous studies' findings on other countries. Yet, when using variables on the hierarchical socio-economic status or prestige position of the occupation, the positive effect of return migration is confined to wage-employed activities. In addition to the empirical analyses, the thesis contributes to the conceptual and methodological discussion on measurement of immigration policies. A database with detailed data on immigration policies in France, Italy and Spain over the period from 1960 to 2008 is constructed and qualitative information is converted into quantitative scores.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10845_DISSERTAÇÃO versão final para impressão pós- defesa Hosana .pdf: 2851280 bytes, checksum: 8f1119cb040a3a1217c059d48dc16834 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / A reabilitação de dentes tratados endodonticamente representa um desafio para a odontologia e é alvo de pesquisas que buscam compreender as propriedades físicas, químicas e biomecânicas existentes entre dentes vitais e não vitais e assim indicar o complexo restaurador que seja esteticamente aceitável, com adequada função clínica e longevidade. Para dentes com extensa perda estrutural, os pinos de fibra de vidro têm sido considerados como uma alternativa aos retentores metálicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do comprimento e geometria dos pinos de fibra de vidro, sobre o comportamento biomecânico de incisivos centrais superiores tratados endodonticamente, sob uma carga de 100N aplicada a 130° com a superfície palatina, nas seguintes condições: Pinos de Fibra de Vidro (PFV) lisos (L), serrilhado (S), com profundidades de 5mm e 10mm. As diferentes formas de tratamento foram simuladas a partir do modelo computacional tridimensional de um incisivo superior hígido e analisadas qualitativamente através do método de elementos finitos. Os resultados foram avaliados pelo deslocamento dos modelos, critério de falha de von Mises e de tensão máxima principal. Os modelos PFVL5mm, PFVL10mm e PFVS5mm apresentaram um deslocamento na faixa de 0,0458mm a 0,512mm, enquanto que no modelo PFVS10mm, este deslocamento foi de 0,0116. O pino de fibra de vidro liso apresentou uma distribuição de tensões homogênea, enquanto que o pino serrilhado apresentou uma concentração de tensão na interface da geometria serrilhada. O padrão de distribuição nos modelos de pinos de fibra de vidro foi similar ao do dente hígido, porém os modelos restaurados com pinos de comprimentos maiores, resultaram em um gradiente de tensões mais uniforme e com uma maior área de distribuição. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o pino de fibra de vidro de geometria serrilhado, em maior profundidade, influencia na redução do deslocamento do modelo. Além disso a geometria do pino de fibra de vidro influencia na concentração de tensões ao longo do pino e o aumento da profundidade desses pinos, aumenta a área de distribuição das tensões, de maneira que elas fiquem mais homogêneas.

La mesure cardiaque sans contact réalisée grâce aux méthodes de photopléthysmographie sans contact est un domaine de recherche très actif. Depuis l'introduction en 2010 d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure avec des capteurs optiques d'entrée de gamme (webcam PC), les travaux de recherche se sont multipliés. Ainsi, on observe une plus grande diversité des méthodes proposées afin de réaliser la mesure. Egalement, la précision de la mesure a grandement progressé et les scénarios et possibilités d'usage de la technologie sont aujourd'hui très nombreux. Au cœur de ce processus de mesure, la segmentation dans l'image de la ou les zones d'intérêt est une étape clé. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une méthode innovante afin de réaliser la mesure photoplethysmographique sans contact en identifiant implicitement les zones de peau vivante dans la vidéo. Nous avons montré que notre approche permet d'améliorer la qualité de la mesure en favorisant les zones dans l'image où le signal est de plus grande qualité. Afin de rendre possible l'intégration de notre solution, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode de segmentation en superpixels, nommée IBIS, qui permet de réduire la complexité algorithmique de cette étape du traitement. Ce faisant, nous avons démontré la faisabilité de l'intégration de notre solution au sein d'une plateforme embarquée. Les différentes méthodes ont été évaluées au travers de plusieurs expérimentations afin de valider leurs performances. Notre méthode de segmentation en superpixels est comparée aux méthodes de l'état de l'art tandis que nous avons implémenté plusieurs des méthodes de mesure du signal photoplethysmographique afin de discuter de l'impact de notre approche sur la qualité de la mesure photoplethysmographique. Que ce soit pour la segmentation en superpixels ou pour l'estimation du rythme cardiaque sans contact, nous avons montré une importante plus-value de nos méthodes comparées à celles disponibles dans la littérature. Les différents travaux présentés dans ce document ont été valorisés au travers de publications en conférences et revue. / Heart-rate estimation performed with remote photoplethysmography is a very active research field. Since pioneer works in 2010, which demonstrated the feasibility of the measure with low-grade consumers’ camera (webcam), the number of scientific publications have increased significantly in the domain. Hence, we observe a multiplication of the methods in order to retrieve the photoplethysmographic signal which has led to an increased precision and quality of the heart-rate estimation. Region of interest segmentation is a key step of the processing pipeline in order to maximize the quality of the measured signal. We propose a new method to perform remote photoplethysmographic measurement using an implicit living skin identification method. Hence, we have shown that our approach lead to an improvement in both quality of the signal measured and precision of the heart-rate estimation by favoring more contributive area. As we are working with hardware integration constraint, we propose a new superpixels segmentation method which requires significantly less computation power than state of the art methods by reducing the algorithmic complexity of this step. Moreover, we have demonstrated the integration and real time capabilities by implementing our solution to an embedded device. All of our proposed method have been evaluated through different experimentations. Our new segmentation method, called IBIS, have been compared to state of the art methods to quantify the quality of the produced segmentation. To quantify the impact of our approach on the quality of the photoplethysmographic measure, we have implemented and compared state of the art methods with our proposed method. For both the superpixels segmentation and remote heart-rate estimation, our methods have shown great results and advantages compared to state of the art ones. Our works have been reviewed by the scientific community through several conference presentations and journal publications.

Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-283). Aims to identify if the current practice of post-operative vital sign collection detects complications in the first 24 hours after the patient has returned to the general ward setting using a combination of methods within a triangulated approach to data collection.

Includes bibliographical references. Electronic publication: Fulltext available in PDF format; abstract in HTML format. The nursing practice of monitoring patients in the post-operative (PO) phase upon returning to the general ward setting has traditionally consisted of the systematic collection of vital signs and observation of other aspects of the patient's recovery. For the most part the primary focus of this monitoring has been the detection of post-operative complications. There is a need for more substantive evidence to support an appropriate frequency of post-operative observation. The aim of this research was to identify if the current practice of PO vital sign collection detects PO complications in the first 24 hours after the patient has returned to the general ward setting. Due to the complex world in which nurses practice the research was undertaken using a combination of methods within a triangulated approach to collect data. Electronic reproduction.[Australia] :Australian Digital Theses Program,2001.

<p>”Livsfrågor är något man måste äga in i märgen”- en kvalitativ studie av två olika skolor om pedagogers syn på sitt bemötande och arbete med barns livsfrågorStudiens syfte var att undersöka pedagogers syn på sitt bemötande och arbete med barns livsfrågor. Även att undersöka vilken roll pedagogerna anser sig ha i arbetet med barns livsfrågor och vilket förhållningssätt pedagogerna anser sig ha då barns bakgrunder ser olika ut. Den kvalitativa intervjumetoden har använts, då målet var att få en nyanserad bild av pedagogers olika arbeten med barns livsfrågor. Intervjuerna har skett på två olika skolor där den ena skolan har en majoritet med elever med svensk bakgrund medan den andra skolan har en majoritet med elever från skilda kulturer. Två pedagoger från varje skola har varit med i studien. Rektorerna på båda skolorna har även intervjuats för att få deras syn på pedagogernas arbete med barns livsfrågor. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna anser sig ha en betydelsefull roll i arbetet med barns livsfrågor. Genom att lyssna och vara lyhörd inför eleverna blir allas tankar betydelsefulla. Den problematik som framkom i studien var att då elevers kulturer skiljer sig åt kan det vara svårt som pedagog att finna ett förhållningssätt där alla blir sedda. Det är av stor betydelse att lyfta barns olikheter för att finna en förståelse för varandra. Skolan är inte bara en plats för lärande av ämnen utan en plats med lärande för livet, då arbetet och bemötandet av barns livsfrågor har en stor roll. Pedagogerna saknade teoretisk kunskap från lärarutbildningen gällande barns livsfrågor men genom erfarenhet utvecklas man som pedagog inom ämnet. Studien visar att man önskat mer utbildning.</p> / <p>“Vital questions are something one has to possess in the marrow according to”- a qualitative study of the pedagogue’s opinion on their behavior and work with children´s vital questions in two different schools. The aim of the study was to investigate the point of view of the pedagogues in their work with children´s vital questions. Also to investigate which role the pedagogues believe they have in working with the vital questions of children and which behavior the pedagogues consider they have when the children’s backgrounds look different. The qualitative method of the interview has been used because the aim was to get a verified picture of the pedagogues´ different work with children´s vital questions. The interviews have been taken place in two different schools, where one school has a majority of children with a Swedish background, while the other one has a majority of pupils from various cultures. Two pedagogues from each school have taken part in the study. The headmasters from both schools have also been interviewed in order to get their point of view on the pedagogues´ work with children´s vital questions.The result shows that the pedagogues think that they have an important role in working with vital questions of the children. Through listening and having sensitive ears in the presence of the pupils will all thoughts be important. The problems which came out in the study were because of the difference in cultures it can be difficult as a pedagogue to find a method where all can be seen. The school is not only a place in order to learn subjects. It is a place with learning for life, because the work and meeting of children´s vital questions have a great role. The pedagogues have no theoretical knowledge from the education of teachers according to children´s vital questions but through experience one develops as a pedagogue within the subject. The study shows that they wish much more education.</p>

”Livsfrågor är något man måste äga in i märgen”- en kvalitativ studie av två olika skolor om pedagogers syn på sitt bemötande och arbete med barns livsfrågorStudiens syfte var att undersöka pedagogers syn på sitt bemötande och arbete med barns livsfrågor. Även att undersöka vilken roll pedagogerna anser sig ha i arbetet med barns livsfrågor och vilket förhållningssätt pedagogerna anser sig ha då barns bakgrunder ser olika ut. Den kvalitativa intervjumetoden har använts, då målet var att få en nyanserad bild av pedagogers olika arbeten med barns livsfrågor. Intervjuerna har skett på två olika skolor där den ena skolan har en majoritet med elever med svensk bakgrund medan den andra skolan har en majoritet med elever från skilda kulturer. Två pedagoger från varje skola har varit med i studien. Rektorerna på båda skolorna har även intervjuats för att få deras syn på pedagogernas arbete med barns livsfrågor. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna anser sig ha en betydelsefull roll i arbetet med barns livsfrågor. Genom att lyssna och vara lyhörd inför eleverna blir allas tankar betydelsefulla. Den problematik som framkom i studien var att då elevers kulturer skiljer sig åt kan det vara svårt som pedagog att finna ett förhållningssätt där alla blir sedda. Det är av stor betydelse att lyfta barns olikheter för att finna en förståelse för varandra. Skolan är inte bara en plats för lärande av ämnen utan en plats med lärande för livet, då arbetet och bemötandet av barns livsfrågor har en stor roll. Pedagogerna saknade teoretisk kunskap från lärarutbildningen gällande barns livsfrågor men genom erfarenhet utvecklas man som pedagog inom ämnet. Studien visar att man önskat mer utbildning. / “Vital questions are something one has to possess in the marrow according to”- a qualitative study of the pedagogue’s opinion on their behavior and work with children´s vital questions in two different schools. The aim of the study was to investigate the point of view of the pedagogues in their work with children´s vital questions. Also to investigate which role the pedagogues believe they have in working with the vital questions of children and which behavior the pedagogues consider they have when the children’s backgrounds look different. The qualitative method of the interview has been used because the aim was to get a verified picture of the pedagogues´ different work with children´s vital questions. The interviews have been taken place in two different schools, where one school has a majority of children with a Swedish background, while the other one has a majority of pupils from various cultures. Two pedagogues from each school have taken part in the study. The headmasters from both schools have also been interviewed in order to get their point of view on the pedagogues´ work with children´s vital questions.The result shows that the pedagogues think that they have an important role in working with vital questions of the children. Through listening and having sensitive ears in the presence of the pupils will all thoughts be important. The problems which came out in the study were because of the difference in cultures it can be difficult as a pedagogue to find a method where all can be seen. The school is not only a place in order to learn subjects. It is a place with learning for life, because the work and meeting of children´s vital questions have a great role. The pedagogues have no theoretical knowledge from the education of teachers according to children´s vital questions but through experience one develops as a pedagogue within the subject. The study shows that they wish much more education.

This thesis uses injection-locked oscillators to realize spectrum and vital sign sensor. At first, the thesis discusses the factors to affect the locking range based on Adler¡¦s equation, and adopts an increase of injection power to enlarge the locking range. Then, the circuit simulation using ADS is carried out to predict the output response of an injection-locked oscillator. As an implementation result, a CMOS chip of an injection-locked oscillator achieves 70 MHz locking range at -17.5 dBm injection power. In addition, a CMOS FM demodulator is realized with the injection-locked oscillator, showing that the chip can demodulate the FSK signal with a minimum frequency deviation of 350 KHz, a minimum input power of -39.5 dBm, and a maximum data rate of 40 Mbps. With the help of the above CMOS chips, a spectrum sensor and a vital sign sensor are realized. In the test, the spectrum sensor can measure a minimum signal power of -100 dBm at a scan speed of 100 MHz/0.5 ms, while the vital sign sensor can detect the breathing and heartbeat rate at a sensing distance of 80 cm.

El objetivo, determinar la satisfacción con las relaciones de pareja, las representaciones que se tienen y significados junto a los cambios evolutivos que perciben las personas en relación a su experiencia amorosa, desde la psicología del ciclo vital y del amor, es un estudio transversal de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, con tres instrumentos: cuestionario de satisfacción marital, cuestionario de frases incompletas para evaluar percepciones y significados, y cuestionario de cambios evolutivos a través del tiempo.Los datos apuntan a una evolución en forma de U de la satisfacción marital, a un menor optimismo respecto a la evolución de la relación de pareja a medida que aumenta la edad y a una representación de esa relación vinculada a diferentes retos evolutivos asociados al ciclo vital y a una menor ambición en los objetivos que la persona se plantea respecto a su relación de pareja a medida que pasa el tiempo. / This research aimed to establish satisfaction with compl"es relationships, their representation, the meanings and the evolutionary changes through the vital cycle. This work classifies the importante of past, present and future features in relationships and the way of conflict solving, which is directly related to communicative processes. Results poin at aU evolution in cooples relationship across lifes path. This research in transversal of exploratory descriptive type with multiple instuments.

Bakgrund: Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) är ett bedömningsinstrument för utvärdering av patienters vitalparametrar. Verktygets funktion är att genom strukturerade observationer identifiera patienter med sviktande vitala funktioner, och således kunna vidta åtgärder innan patienten avlider eller kräver intensivvård. Nyttan av MEWS inom onkologisk heldygnsvård är än så länge dokumenterat i mycket liten utsträckning. En studie från 2012 indikerar att MEWS inte är ett effektivt verktyg för att förutse försämringar hos onkologiska patienter.   Syfte: Att undersöka om patienter inom onkologisk vård uppvisar MEWS 0-17 poäng veckan innan dödsfall. Vidare ämnar författarna vilka specifika parametrar inom MEWS som orsakade förhöjda totalpoäng, samt om några skillnader föreligger mellan män och kvinnor. Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie där dokumentation av MEWS-bedömningar granskades i 70 patientjournaler. Resultat: Undersökningsgruppen hade ett genomsnittligt MEWS på 2,99 under den sista levnadsveckan. Av de enskilda variablerna inom MEWS var andningsfrekvens den som oftast gav poäng ≥1. Det genomsnittliga värdet av MEWS steg från 3,13 poäng det sjunde sista till 8 poäng det sista levnadsdygnet, men på grund av den låga frekvensen av mätningar under det sista levnadsdygnet kan inga slutsatser dras från resultatet. Inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor har identifierats. Låg förekomst av registrerade MEWS hos avlidna onkologpatienter orsakade ett stort initialt bortfall.   Slutsats: Studien indikerar att MEWS används i liten utsträckning på onkologiska patienter innan dödsfall. Det är dock inte möjligt att med detta underlag uttala sig om huruvida MEWS är ett relevant verktyg inom den onkologiska vården, och vidare forskning måste därför göras. / Background: Modified Early Warning Score, MEWS, is a scoring system (0-17 points) for assessment of patients’ vital signs. The function of MEWS is to detect deteriating patients at an early stage, and being able to put in adequate treatment before their physical condition worsens. The benefits from using MEWS on oncology patients have so far been researched to small extent. A study from 2012 indicates that MEWS is not an effective tool for detecting deteriation in oncology patients.   Objective: To research if oncology patients have scores 0-17 on MEWS measurements the week before they are deceased. The writers also intend to research which certain parameters within MEWS caused higher overall scores, and lastly whether there are any differences in scores between men and women.   Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on a total of 104 MEWS measurements belonging to 70 deceased patients. Results: The main results show an average MEWS of 2,99 points during the last week of the patients’ lives. Respiratory rate was the variable within MEWS to cause elevated scores (≥1) most often. The average MEWS increased from 3,13 points the seventh day before death to 8 points the last day before death, but due to the low frequency of measurements from the last day of the patients’ lives, it is not possible to make any assumptions based on these results. Furthermore, the initial loss of patients meeting the inclusion criteria was substantial due to low prevalence of registered MEWS.   Conclusion: The results indicate that MEWS is not used on oncology patients to a great extent. It is not, however, possible to determine whether MEWS is a relevant assessment tool in care of oncology patients, and further research is therefore needed.