The purpose of this study was to document and understand the meanings associated with the visual elaboration (Painter, 2002a), of a particular house i.e. what was done to it after it was built and why, in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, by successive occupants, including myself, over a period of nine decades. I used a case study, involving documents and artefacts and interviews with key informants. Taking an interpretive epistemological stance, I employed a narrative approach to inquiry (Kramp, 2004, Johnson-Bailey, 2004). The individual narratives resonated with recent anthropological findings. The house saw home managers exert their agency (Pink, 2004). Additionally, inhabitants left a signature on the structure (Dominy, 1997), and carried with them mementos from the home they had made there (Marcoux, 2001). Over time, through transformation processes, both individuals and the house were changed (Miller, 2001a). Further, the design legacy left by previous inhabitants acted as a form of agency on successive residents (Miller, 2001b), and through reciprocal accommodation the house and its occupants came to terms with each other (Miller, 2002). Additionally, six common themes emerged: epistemological orientation, economics, male and female, reminiscences and affect, childhood to adulthood and history and presence. My finding that an individual’s epistemological stance was related to her/his artistry supports an emerging vision in art education, that of art practice as research (Sullivan, 2005). This has implications for both research and practice. Firstly, the processes through which non-specialists work need to be more fully explored. Secondly, we require a changed view of art history where art images are understood as part of a productive visual culture (Marshall, 2007). This is a concept-focused analysis of art where meaning is demonstrated to be contextual and intergraphical, and is manifest in artworks that can be scrutinized across cultures and time. Thirdly, our concept of visual literacy must expand; if we construct knowledge and reality through making images as well as by decoding the meaning of existing visual images, then art practice is schools is imperative (Marshall). Finally, visual thinking is integrative (Marshall), and thus art integration and a new approach to art and learning are essential.

Thesis "The České Středohoří Mountains - Cultural Landscape" deals with the territory of the České Středohoří Mountains' Protected Area as the landscape of settlements, namely settlements of rural character. Based on the field research, the basic characteristics of vernacular architecture in that territory are described and selected influences, that completed local villages' rural construction, are depicted. The thesis also provides evidence of regional interest in the national history and geography of the České Středohoří Mountains, especially in rural construction and urbanism. This interest in the national history and geography is discussed in the context of the development of Czech and German national emancipation. The entire work put emphasis on the period from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

xvi, 148 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The preservation of architecture associated with underrepresented communities has been hindered by traditional biases in preservation. The post-contact history of Native Americans of the Klamath Basin has not been exempt from this trend. Archaeologists have begun to uncover evidence of post-contact lifeways of Native Americans on the former Klamath Indian Reservation in southern Oregon. This thesis examines the influence of 19th and 20th century federal policies on reservation households, using data from archaeological investigations at a 19th century Native American homestead (the Beatty Curve Site, 35KL95). This information, coupled with historical research, is used to reconstruct the homestead and cultural setting on paper and will be useful in identifying similar properties. More importantly, this thesis adds to a regional and national narrative on Native survival, adaptation, and cultural persistence in the face of new social realities in the post-contact period. This thesis includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Dr. Kingston Wm. Heath, Chairperson; Dr. Rick Minor, Member

Ce travail de thèse propose d’examiner les relations entre les processus historiques de production des cultures constructives traditionnelles, les processus de production des technologies au cœur du système industriel capitaliste et les nouveaux processus de production de technologies - collectives, solidaires, conscientes et soutenables - dans la production de l’habitat rural brésilien, de façon à nous fournir des pistes sur le développement de processus embryonnaires de production de nouvelles « cultures constructives contemporaines ». Notre question principale cherche à analyser dans quelles circonstances les processus de production de « nouvelles technologies » se présentent comme alternatives au déterminisme historique du processus de production industriel/capitaliste, favorisant des mécanismes de développement local, au sein de communautés rurales, principalement dans la production de leur habitat. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons de tisser une réflexion sur les notions de cultures constructives, en cherchant à relever des éléments qui nous fournissent des supports pour mieux comprendre comment certaines sociétés ont pu produire des « technologies » à un moment historique précis, adaptées à leur propre contexte culturel et environnemental, que les gens se sont appropriées et qui ont évolué, étant de ce fait légitimées et reproduites par les générations successives. Dans un deuxième temps, nous traiterons de la mutation de ce processus en un nouveau modèle de production, désormais convenu et hégémonique, fondé sur la rationalisation technique des systèmes de production, l'accentuation de la division sociale du travail, la fragmentation et spécialisation des processus productifs, entre autres facteurs, et de ses conséquences et implications. Enfin, dans un troisième moment, nous essaierons de nourrir la réflexion existante qui cherche à favoriser de nouveaux processus de production de technologies, ne pouvant pas être simplement considérées ou développées en tant qu’alternatives, basées dans la négation ou l’opposition aux caractéristiques présentes dans les technologies dites “conventionnelles”, mais qui peuvent contenir des principes, valeurs et caractéristiques autrefois présents dans les cultures constructives traditionnelles. A partir du dialogue réflexif entre ces différentes mais complémentaires bases de recherche, nous analyserons quelques expériences réalisées dans des communautés rurales brésiliennes, en tissant des réflexions critiques sur les processus de production de leur habitat. / This thesis takes as its analytical perspective the contemporary manifestations of vernacular architecture production and building cultures within the complex correlation of forces and interests that shape and determine the phenomena of capitalist production of popular housing.The analytic framework is delineated from a series of reflections of theoretical and conceptual order, in relation to the analysis of a popular housing building site within an agrarian reform rural settlement in Brazil. This assumes the form of a field school in loco on the building site and is projected as a stage for experiments and experiences, where the proposal is to combine pedagogy and production in the same space. The processes of knowledge formation and construction occur simultaneously and complementarily to practical achievements and development of technologies.This building site is thus transformed into a tool for the constitution of a dialectical space of social work, where the orientation of its productive experimenting is focused on the challenge of designing a house from the local generation of social technologies, through the use of natural materials and reuse of discarded resources. A theoretical work, presented in the initial of the thesis, provides the framework for this fieldwork, which feeds back our reflection on processes of production and development of new vernacular architectures, integrated into their territories. / Esta tese possui como perspectiva de análise as manifestações contemporâneas de produção das arquiteturas vernáculas e culturas construtivas, dentro da complexa correlação de forças e interesses que formatam e determinam os fenômenos de produção capitalista das habitações populares. Seu contorno analítico está delineado a partir de uma série de reflexões de ordem teórico-conceituais relacionadas com as análises de um canteiro habitacional dentro de um assentamento rural de reforma agrária. Este, assume a forma de um canteiro-escola e se projeta como palco de experimentações e vivências, onde se propõe como prática o exercício de conjugar pedagogia e produção no mesmo espaço. Os processos de formação e construção dos conhecimentos ocorrem de maneira complementar e simultânea às realizações práticas e ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias. Tal canteiro se transforma, assim, em ferramenta para constituição de um espaço dialético de trabalho social, onde o experimentar produtivo está focado no desafio de conceber uma habitação a partir da geração local de tecnologias sociais, por meio do uso de materiais naturais e da reutilização de recursos descartados. O trabalho teórico, apresentado nas primeiras partes da tese, define o quadro de sua práxis, que por sua vez, realimenta a reflexão sobre os processos de produção e desenvolvimento de novas formas de arquiteturas vernáculas, integradas aos seus territórios.

[ES] El trabajo aquí desarrollado pretende sacar a la luz un valioso patrimonio de 1.018 casas-cueva existentes en la comarca del Vinalopó Medio en la provincia de Alicante, con escasas referencias publicadas hasta el momento por los investigadores dedicados a la materia. Abordar el conocimiento de este extenso conjunto excavado ha supuesto un extraordinario reto para el que ha sido necesario estructurar la investigación en diversas fases, la primera, ineludible, la localización y censado de todas ellas. A partir de esta primera etapa se desarrolla toda una labor que tiene como fin último la puesta en valor de las casas-cueva de la comarca y sentar las bases para lograr el reconocimiento y la debida protección patrimonial por parte de las administraciones. Así, el estudio llevado a cabo se centra en la identificación de las características de los núcleos de cuevas hasta definir la tipología propia de los asentamientos de la zona y la morfología interna del espacio excavado, para, seguidamente, establecer un análisis comparativo con otros conjuntos de España. Se completa la investigación con la evaluación del estado actual de conservación de estas viviendas a través de la identificación de los daños y lesiones y con la aportación de técnicas y actuaciones de restauración. Igualmente, se verifican las extraordinarias condiciones de confort ambiental interior de las casas-cueva. El trazado de todo este trabajo culmina con la propuesta de dos estrategias de intervención que procuran aprovechar los recursos de la comarca y promocionar la recuperación del uso como vivienda de estas cuevas. / [CA] El treball ací desenvolupat pretén traure a la llum un valuós patrimoni de 1.018 cases-cova existents a la comarca del Vinalopó Mitjà a la província d'Alacant, amb escasses referències publicades fins al moment pels investigadors dedicats a la matèria. Abordar el coneixement d'aquest extens conjunt excavat ha suposat un extraordinari repte per al qual ha sigut necessari estructurar la investigació en diverses fases, la primera, ineludible, la localització i censat de totes elles. A partir d'aquesta primera etapa es desenvolupa tota una labor que té com a fi última la posada en valor de les cases-cova de la comarca i establir les bases per a aconseguir el reconeixement i la deguda protecció patrimonial per part de les administracions. Així, l'estudi dut a terme se centra en la identificació de les característiques dels nuclis de coves fins a definir la tipologia pròpia dels assentaments de la zona i la morfologia interna de l'espai excavat, per a, seguidament, establir una anàlisi comparativa amb altres conjunts d'Espanya. Es completa la investigació amb l'avaluació de l'estat actual de conservació d'aquests habitatges a través de la identificació dels danys i lesions i amb l'aportació de tècniques i actuacions de restauració. Igualment, es verifiquen les extraordinàries condicions de confort ambiental interior de les cases-cova. El traçat de tot aquest treball culmina amb la proposta de dues estratègies d'intervenció que procuren aprofitar els recursos de la comarca i promocionar la recuperació de l'ús com a habitatge d'aquestes coves. / [EN] This work has the aim of bring to light a valuable heritage of 1.018 cave-houses located at the Vinalopó Medio in the province of Alicante, with few published works to date by researchers in the field. To address the knowledge of this huge excavated complex has led a tremendous challenge and, in consequence, it has been necessary to divide the research along different phases, first of all, unavoidable, the location and census of all of them. After this first stage, a long task has been carried out with the ultimate goal of calling attention to the value of the cave-houses at this area and lay the basis to achieve the recognition and the correct equity protection by the public administrations. In this way, the work performed is focused in the identification of characteristics of the cave areas to define the representative typology of the settlements in the area and the internal morphology of the excavated complex and, then, carry out a comparative analysis with other cave areas in Spain. The thesis work is completed with the evaluation of the current conservation status of these dwellings through the identification of damages and the proposal of techniques and actions for their restoration. In the same way, the extraordinary indoor environmental comfort conditions of cave-houses are confirmed. All this work finalizes with the proposal of two intervention strategies which seek to leverage the resources of the area and facilitate the original use of these cave-houses as dwellings. / Martínez Antón, A. (2021). Casas cueva de la Comarca del Vinalopó Medio (Alicante) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171457 / TESIS

Este estudio de investigación arquitectónica se genera a a partir de la falta de infraestructura turística vivencial del Valle del Colca para la preservación de la cultura colqueña y necesidades los visitantes. Se juntan dos tipologías ( hospedaje y centro de interpretacion ) plasmadas en un proyecto turisto. Se ubica en uno de los poblados de la ruta turística del Valle del Colca – Sibayo. El objetivo del proyecto es reinterpretar la arquitectura vernácula del Poblado, en arquitectura contemporánea, sin causar conflicto con el contexto urbano/rural inmediato. Por ello el proyecto logra una buena solucián arquitectónica al respetar los ejes del damero del pueblo. El proyecto propone una organización funcional por medio de plazas vinculadas por un eje que a la vez es un medio permeable entre los espacios públicos y los privados. Estos mismos permiten la interacción entre visitante y poblador reforzando la idea vivencial. El paquete de funciones del proyecto incluye un área pública que son los talleres; danza, textil, gastronomía y agricultura, el centro de interpretación cultural, en la zona privada se propone el albergue turístico y las habitaciones, las cuales tienen una cercanía a la naturaleza y tienen las mejores vistas El material propuesto en el proyecto es oriundo de la zona como: piedra de río, paja, concreto armado cara vista, y madera. Dichos materiales guardan armonía con el contexto natural y urbano del poblado. En conclusión el proyecto responde al objetivo planteado y da una solución arquitectónica adecuada a su entorno y usuarios. / This study of architectural research is generated from the lack of existential tourism infrastructure of the Colca Valley for preserving the culture and visitor’s needs. Two typologies (lodging and cultural and natural interpretation center) are gathered together. Is located in one of the most visited towns of the tourist route of the Colca Valley - Sibayo. The objective of the project is to reinterpret the vernacular architecture of the Town, in contemporary architecture, without causing conflict with urban / rural context. For this reason, the project achieves a good architectural solution by respecting the village checkerboard axes and integrating it. The project proposes a functional organization by means of squares linked by an axis, at the same time is a permeable medium between public and private spaces. These axes and squares allow the interaction between visitor and resident reinforcing the experiential idea. The package of functions of the project includes a public area that are the workshops; dance, textile, gastronomy and agriculture, the center of cultural interpretation, in the private zone the tourist lodge and the rooms of this same one is proposed, which are closer to nature and have the best views The material proposed in the project is native to the area such as: river stone, straw, armed concrete face, and wood. These materials are in harmony with the natural and urban context of the town. In conclusion, the project responds well to the stated objective and gives an architectural solution suited to its environment and users. / Tesis

[ES] El valor de la arquitectura tradicional, entendida como aquella construida por la propia comunidad en base a sus condiciones, necesidades y recursos, reside en parte en las técnicas constructivas empleadas para ello al reflejar todo un proceso de adaptación, optimización y desarrollo de conocimiento durante siglos. Sin embargo, tanto el componente material como inmaterial de la arquitectura tradicional está actualmente amenazada por la industrialización, la despoblación, la pérdida de conocimientos, el abandono, la falta de valoración, etc. Los muros mixtos de madera son una técnica constructiva tradicional donde se combina un armazón de madera con una función principalmente estructural y una gran diversidad de materiales y soluciones para resolver las necesidades de cerramiento, revestimiento y aislamiento de los espacios definidos por el armazón. A pesar de que la arquitectura tradicional española se relaciona en el imaginario colectivo con la arquitectura de tapia y adobe, los muros mixtos de madera constituyen un elemento muy importante de la arquitectura tradicional de algunas zonas del territorio español, cuya gran diversidad y variedad demuestra la capacidad de adaptarse a unas condiciones geográficas, urbanísticas, arquitectónicas y constructivas concretas. Aunque poseen un gran interés a nivel histórico, cultural, etnológico y paisajístico, no se han estudiado al mismo nivel de profundidad que otras técnicas tradicionales españolas ni con el mismo nivel de detalle que se ha alcanzado en otros países con una gran presencia de muros mixtos de madera como Francia, Alemania, Inglaterra, Portugal, Italia, etc. En el contexto español, tanto en los tratados de arquitectura históricos y catálogos de arquitectura popular como en los estudios más recientes, las referencias a los muros mixtos son puntuales, centradas en muchos casos a una región o tipología concreta y sin llegar a profundizar en la forma de construcción. Ante esta situación, la presente investigación pretende ofrecer una visión general de los muros mixtos de madera en el territorio español, señalando la gran diversidad de variantes existentes, profundizando en su estado de conservación y determinando la forma en la que están siendo transformados. Para ello se ha basado en el análisis estadístico de 1.128 casos de estudio documentados repartidos por todo el territorio, cuya caracterización progresiva según diferentes variantes tipológicas, geométricas, materiales y acabados ha permitido reflejar la frecuencia y distribución de cada uno de los tipos identificados, así como señalar la lógica constructiva o razón de ser asociada. La comparación entre las características de las variantes identificadas y las condiciones geográficas, urbanísticas, arquitectónicas y constructivas ha permitido comprender las razones que han motivado su desarrollo y utilización en diferentes contextos. Asimismo, ante el panorama de desprotección y riesgo al que se enfrenta en general la arquitectura tradicional, se han estudiado los mecanismos de degradación y las dinámicas de transformación más frecuentes y se han comparado con las características constructivas para conocer la resiliencia y vulnerabilidad de la técnica en sí misma y las estrategias con las que los propietarios han hecho frente. De esta forma, una vez conocidos los muros mixtos de madera como técnica constructiva, incluyendo su diversidad y su vulnerabilidad, ha sido posible plantear una serie de recomendaciones y líneas guía para su conservación, intervención y puesta en valor. / [CAT] El valor de l'arquitectura tradicional, entesa com aquella construïda per la pròpia comunitat sobre la base de les seues condicions, necessitats i recursos, resideix en part en les tècniques constructives emprades per a això en reflectir tot un procés d'adaptació, optimització i desenvolupament de coneixement durant segles. No obstant això, tant el component material com immaterial de l'arquitectura tradicional està actualment amenaçada per la industrialització, la despoblació, la pèrdua de coneixements, l'abandó, la falta de valoració, etc. Els murs mixtos de fusta són una tècnica constructiva tradicional on es combina una armadura de fusta amb una funció principalment estructural i una gran diversitat de materials i solucions per a resoldre les necessitats de tancament, revestiment i aïllament dels espais definits per l'armadura. Malgrat que l'arquitectura tradicional espanyola es relaciona en l'imaginari col·lectiu amb l'arquitectura de tàpia i tova, els murs mixtos de fusta constitueixen un element molt important de l'arquitectura tradicional d'algunes zones del territori espanyol. La seua gran diversitat i varietat demostra la capacitat d'adaptar-se a unes condicions geogràfiques, urbanístiques, arquitectòniques i constructives concretes. Encara que posseeixen un gran interés a nivell històric, cultural, etnològic i paisatgístic, no s'han estudiat al mateix nivell de profunditat que altres tècniques tradicionals espanyoles ni amb el mateix nivell de detall que s'ha aconseguit en altres països amb una gran presència de murs mixtos de fusta com França, Alemanya, Anglaterra, Portugal, Itàlia, etc. En el context espanyol, tant en els tractats d'arquitectura històrics i catàlegs d'arquitectura popular com en els estudis més recents, les referències als murs mixtos són puntuals, centrades en molts casos a una regió o tipologia concreta i sense arribar a aprofundir en la forma de construcció. Davant aquesta situació, la present investigació pretén oferir una visió general dels murs mixtos de fusta en el territori espanyol, assenyalant la gran diversitat de variants existents, aprofundint en el seu estat de conservació i determinant la forma en la qual estan sent transformats. Per a això s'ha basat en l'anàlisi estadística de 1.128 casos d'estudi documentats per tot el territori, la caracterització progressiva en base a diferents variants tipològiques, geomètriques, materials i acabats ha permés reflectir la freqüència i distribució de cadascun dels tipus identificats, així com assenyalar la lògica constructiva o raó de ser associada. La comparació entre les característiques de les variants identificades i les condicions geogràfiques, urbanístiques, arquitectòniques i constructives ha permés comprendre les raons que han motivat el seu desenvolupament i utilització en diferents contextos. Així mateix, davant el panorama de desprotecció i risc al qual s'enfronta en general l'arquitectura tradicional, s'han estudiat els mecanismes de degradació i les dinàmiques de transformació més freqüents i s'han comparat amb les característiques constructives per a conéixer la resiliència i vulnerabilitat de la tècnica en si mateixa i les estratègies amb les quals els propietaris han fet front. D'aquesta manera, una vegada coneguts els murs mixtos de fusta com a tècnica constructiva, incloent-hi la seua diversitat i la seua vulnerabilitat, ha sigut possible plantejar una sèrie de recomanacions i línies guia per a la seua conservació, intervenció i posada en valor. / [EN] The value of traditional architecture understood as the architecture built by the local community based on its conditions, needs and resources, lies partly in its construction techniques. Those techniques reflect a whole process of adaptation, optimisation and development of knowledge over centuries. However, tangible and intangible components of traditional architecture are currently threatened by some factors such as industrialisation, depopulation, loss of knowledge, neglect or lack of appreciation. Half-timbered walls are a traditional construction technique that combines a timber frame with a mainly structural function and a wide range of materials and solutions to meet the enclosure needs, cladding and insulation of the spaces defined by the frame. Despite the fact that traditional Spanish architecture is associated in the collective imagination with the architecture of adobe and adobe, half-timbered walls are an essential element of the traditional architecture of certain areas of Spain, whose great diversity and variety demonstrate the ability to adapt to specific geographical, urbanistic, architectural and constructive conditions. Although their historical, cultural, ethnological and landscape value, they have not been studied at the same level of depth as other traditional techniques found in Spanish vernacular architecture, nor with the same level of detail as in other countries with a significant presence of half-timbered walls such as France, Germany, England, Portugal or Italy. In the Spanish context, whether in historical architectural treatises and catalogues of popular architecture or in more recent studies, references to half-timbered walls are occasional. The few specific studies tend to focus on a specific region or typology without giving a general view or going into the form of construction in depth. Given this situation, the present research aims to provide an overview of half-timbered walls in Spain, pointing out the great diversity of existing variants, examining their state of conservation and determining how they are being transformed. To this end, it has been based on the statistical analysis of 1,128 documented case studies spread throughout the territory. The progressive characterisation based on different typological, geometric, material and finish variants has made it possible to reflect the frequency and distribution of each of the identified types and point out the associated constructive logic or reason for their existence. Comparing the characteristics of the identified variants and the geographical, urban, architectural and constructive conditions has made it possible to understand the reasons behind their development and use in different contexts. Likewise, given the panorama of lack of protection and risk faced by traditional architecture in general, the mechanisms of degradation and the most frequent dynamics of transformation have been studied and compared with the construction characteristics in order to understand the resilience and vulnerability of the technique itself and the strategies used by the owners to overcome them. In this way, once half-timbered walls as a construction technique are known, including their diversity and vulnerability, it has been possible to propose a series of recommendations and guidelines for their conservation, intervention and enhancement. / Hueto Escobar, A. (2023). Los muros mixtos de madera en España. Estudio de una técnica tradicional para su puesta en valor y conservación [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195845

v anglickém jazyce The purpose of the thesis is a cultural heritage management of the small baroque sacral buildings, which has passed unnoticed for a longer period of time. As a model region is chosen the district Ceska Lipa. First, in this thesis is briefly summarized the history of district Ceska Lipa since the 18th century. Then the thesis describes various factors which have had an influence on the local monuments. Particularly the regional factors which are responsible for the heritage damage and also the conditions and institutions participating in the heritage preservation and documentation. Next, the overview of typology and terminology of a small sacral architecture is also covered. The major part of this thesis is a catalogue of explored monuments in different villages or small towns including the village/ town history and the art historic establishment of the monuments. This part is also focused on the documentation and comments of the current preservation of each building. The recommendation of preservation is proposed herein as a potential way of monument restoration. Finally, the research outcomes are discussed with regard to a possible management and future exploring.

Dans le contexte actuel de crise énergétique mondial, la consommation d'énergie et l'empreinte carbone, prennent une influence inévitable dés la conception architectonique,premier maillon du processus de construction. Les nouvelles contraintes associées aux accords internationaux tels que, le Sommet de Rio (1992), le protocole de Kyoto (1997) et,spécifiquement en France, le Grenelle Environnement (2007), diversifient le nombre des intervenants dans la conception architecturale, réservée traditionnellement aux architectes.La course pour diviser par deux la consommation énergétique des bâtiments (RT 2012),ainsi que lʼobjectif de diviser par quatre les émissions de gaz à effet serre à l'horizon 2050,mettent en péril la liberté du processus créatif architecturale. Des exigences si fortes dérivent vers des solutions techniques banalisantes et amènent à la standardisation et à la délocalisation des éléments architecturaux. L'objectif de cette recherche est de placer la démarche architectonique de nouveau au centre de la conception durable. Ceci devient possible en validant la performance de la forme de la maison en tant que réponse efficace face à des contraintes environnementales. Pour cela nous nous intéressons à la maison vernaculaire, toujours caractérisée par des formes simples et adaptées à leur contextes socioculturel et géo-climatique. Cet habitat, qui est le résultat d'une optimisation sur du long terme, est forcément durable. L'habitat vernaculaire est analysé ici à la recherche des motivations qui l'ont façonné. Pour cela sont considérés des circonstances géographiques et climatiques qui peuvent déterminer la forme de ces maisons. Nous estimons qu'il est possible d'obtenir de l'information sur l'environnement géoclimatique à partir de l'analyse de déterminants architectoniques visibles, et d'identifier des relations d'influence qui les lient. Ces relations d'influence sont modélisées suivant une approche qui s'appuie sur une représentation qualitative de la connaissance. L'établissement d'un modèle construit à partir de fonctions qualitatives, permet d'effectuer un raisonnement automatique, à partir de la connaissance recueillie sur l'environnement géo-climatique, pour établir les déterminants architectoniques visibles correspondants. Finalement l'outil proposé a une double vocation : permettre d'évaluer la performance de la forme des nouvelles constructions et structurer une démarche de conception d'habitations adaptées à un contexte local. / In the context of the current energy crisis, energy consumption and the carbon trace have become a mayor influence in the architectonic conception, the first link in the construction process. Recent constrains associated with international agreements such as the Rio Summit (1992), the Kyoto Protocole and, specifically in France, Grenelle delʼEnvironnement Round Table (2007), have diversified the number of stakeholders in the architectural conception, traditionally reserved to architects. The race to reduce by hal fenergy consumption in buildings (RT 2012) as well as the goal to cut by four greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Grenelle de lʼEnvironnement), puts the architectural creative process in jeopardy. Such demanding requirements favor trivial technical solutions and encourage standardization and off shoring of architectural elements.This researchʼs purpose is to place the architectural approach at the center of the sustainable conception. This allows the validation of the performance of a houseʼs shape as an effective response to environmental constrains. For this, we have placed our interest in the vernacular house, usually characterized by simple forms and adapted to their sociocultural and geo-climatic context. This habitat, which has resulted from a long term optimization, is inevitably sustainable. The vernacular habitat is analyzed herein in the search of the motivations that have shaped it. In consequence, geographical and climate circumstances that could have determined the shape of houses have been considered. We claim that from the analysis of visible architectural features it is possible to obtain information on the geo-climatic environment as well as the influence relationships that connect them.These influence relationships are modeled following a qualitative approach supported by a qualitative representation of knowledge. The representation, based upon qualitative functions, enables automatic reasoning, starting from gathered awareness of geo-climatic environment, for establishing corresponding architectural features. Finally, the modeled result both allows the evaluation of the form of new houses and assist the conception of houses adapted to their local context.

The theme of this thesis are surfaces made of unburned earth and used in architecture. The thesis focuses mainly on detailed mapping and analysis of the present state. However, it does not omit the historical roots of earthen surfaces in the area of today`s Czech Republic. In these roots it looks for connections with contemporary practice. The thesis deduces conclusions from thorough evaluation of the present situation – it shows perspectives and possible drift of the future development of earthen surfaces. Both in the field of architecture and in areas broadening this field.