Thesis (PhD (Biblical Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present dissertation is a commentary on Psalms 38 and 145 in the Septuagint (LXX) version, or more accurately, the Old Greek (OG) version. Specifically, this dissertation attempts to understand the semantic meaning of these psalms at the point of their inception, or composition, i.e. as translated literary units derivative of a presumed Semitic Vorlage. Stated differently, this dissertation sets out to understand how these psalms were interpreted in translation by the translator(s). With the task of interpretation comes the assumption that the “original” or “oldest” verifiable text can be first established since neither the OG nor its Vorlage are known to be extant. To this end it is necessary to begin with the best critical editions available while also attempting to reconstruct a viable representative of the OG and Vorlage in the light of standard text-critical criteria and translation technique. Although the Old Greek text is the object of study, the transmission history and related history of interpretation for both the Greek and Hebrew are selectively examined insofar as they are necessary as comparisons for the LXX at the point of its inception, and the Vorlage from which it was derived. This work assumes – in accordance with the way translation may be understood generally – that the translator(s) of the Psalms were attempting to communicate his/her Vorlage to a new audience. In this respect translation may be viewed as communication that crosses a language boundary. As such, both lexical replication and idiomatic representation fall within the scope of interpretation. Both phenomena occur in Ps 38 and 145 in varying degrees and both phenomena comprise aspects of the translator’s cross-lingual communication. Chapter 1 establishes preliminary concepts regarding translation in terms of isomorphic and isosemantic representation, textual criticism of the Psalter, and select MSS and witnesses used throughout the study. Chapter 2 surveys key modern translations of the Septuagint as well as certain trends in Translation and Communication Studies for methodological and hermeneutical approaches. Chapter 3 derives working methodological principles based upon the discussions in chapters 1 and 2. Chapters 4 and 5 are detailed, word-by-word, clause-by-clause, commentaries on Psalms 38 and 145 respectively. Chapter 6 offers a summary and conclusions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling is 'n kommentaar op Psalm 38 en 145 in die Septuagint (LXX), of meer bepaald, die Oud Griekse (OG) weergawe. Die navorsing poog in besonder om die semantiese betekenis van hierdie psalms ten tyde van hul ontstaan of samestelling te verstaan, dit wil sê as vertaalde literere eenhede wat vermoedelik op 'n Semitiese Vorlage gebaseer is. Anders gestel: Hierdie verhandeling is daarop uit om te begryp hoe die vertaler(s) van hierdie psalms die tekste vertolk het. Die taak van vertolking behels die veronderstelling dat die 'oorspronklike' of 'oudste' verifieerbare teks eers bepaal kan word. Sover bekend het nog die OG weergawe nog sy Vorlage egter behoue gebly. Daarom is dit nodig om met die beste beskikbare kritiese uitgawes te begin, en terselfdertyd 'n lewensvatbare weergawe van die OG teks en Vorlage te probeer rekonstrueer aan die hand van standaard- tekskritiese maatstawwe en -vertaaltegnieke. Hoewel dit hoofsaaklik die OG teks is wat bestudeer word, word die oorlewerings- en verwante geskiedenis van vertolking vir sowel die Grieks en Hebreeus ook selektief ondersoek in soverre dit vergelyk kan word met die ontstaansvorm van die LXX sowel as die Vorlage waarop dit gebaseer is. In pas met die waarskynlike algemene opvatting oor vertaling, gaan hierdie navorsing van die veronderstelling uit dat die vertaler(s) van die psalms sy/haar/hul Vorlage aan 'n nuwe gehoor wou probeer oordra. In die opsig kan vertaling as kommunikasie oor taalgrense heen beskou word. As sodanig val sowel leksikale duplisering as idiomatiese verteenwoordiging binne die bestek van vertolking. Albei verskynsels kom in wisselende mate in Psalm 38 en 145 voor en albei behels aspekte van die vertaler se intertaalkommunikasie. Hoofstuk 1 lê voorlopige konsepte met betrekking tot vertaling vas wat betref isomorfiese en isosemantiese verteenwoordiging, tekstekritiek op die Psalter, en uitgesoekte manuskripte (MSS) en getuienisse wat deur die hele studie gebruik word. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek kernmoderne vertalings van die Septuagint sowel as bepaalde tendense in Vertaling en Kommunikasiestudie vir metodologiese en hermeneutiese benaderings. Op grond van die besprekings in die eerste twee hoofstukke, lê hoofstuk 3 metodologiese werksbeginsels neer. Hoofstuk 4 en 5 bevat uitvoerige, woord-vir-woord-, sinsdeel-vir-sinsdeel-kommentaar op Psalm 38 en 145 onderskeidelik. Hoofstuk 6 sluit af met 'n samevatting en gevolgtrekkings.

Thesis (PhD) Stellenbosch University, 2014 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how the contextual frames of reference (CFRs) of the three extant Setswana Bibles – Moffat, Wookey and BSSA (Bible Society of South Africa) – could have impacted on their renderings of the book of Ruth. The fact that the Bibles were translated within contexts that differed from those of the Hebrew text of Ruth gives rise to the assumption that some of such contexts or frames could have had problematic influences on decision making during translation. Differing frames were assumed to have led to differences (i.e., translation shifts) between the translations and the Hebrew text. Such frames were hypothesised to have emanated from socio-cultural, textual, communication-situational and organisational circumstances pertaining to the making of the Hebrew text and the translations. Since contextual frames of various kinds presumably converged on the Setswana target texts (TTs), this study proposes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to frame analysis, namely, the cognitive CFR model. The framework, which is embedded in biblical interpretation, merges insights from other disciplines including translation studies, cognitive semantics and cultural studies. The translators‟ decisions are evaluated using the heuristic perspective of “an exegetically justifiable rendering.” The study identified indeed countless shifts in the three Setswana translations which resulted from hypothetical socio-cultural, organisational, communicational and textual factors. Moffat‟s shifts revealed a predomination of organisational CFRs throughout the book of Ruth. The organisational CFR also stood out occasionally for Wookey as well. BSSA did not show a predomination of any class of CFRs but manifested the least problematic CFRs. As far as the negative influences of CFRs were concerned, BSSA was the least affected, followed by Wookey and lastly Moffat. The study reveals that it could sometimes be simple, but other times also be difficult or impossible, depending on the pertinent CFR, to provide an exegetically justifiable rendering of an ST unit. Yet, it can be concluded from this study that an awareness of CFRs during translation or analysis of translations can contribute towards the improvement of existing translations or the reduction of problematic shifts in new Bible translation projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe die kontekstuele verwysingsraamwerke (KVRs) van die drie bestaande Setswana Bybels - Moffat, Wookey en BSA ( Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika) – hulle weergawes van die boek Rut kon beïnvloed het. Die feit dat die Bybels vertaal is binne kontekste wat verskil van dié van die Hebreeuse teks van Rut, dra by tot die aanname dat van die kontekste of raamwerke moontlik ‟n problematiserende invloed op besluitneming tydens die vertalingsprosesse kon hê. Daar is aangeneem dat verskillende raamwerke lei tot verskille (byvoorbeeld: vertaalskuiwe) tussen die vertalings en die Hebreeuse teks. Daar is veronderstel dat sulke raamwerke spruit uit sosio-kulturele, tekstueel-kommunikatiewe en organisatoriese omstandighede van die vertaalproses asook die van die Hebreeuse teks. Aangesien verskillende soorte kontekstuele raamwerke vermoedelik ingespeel het op die Setswana teikentekste (TTs), fokus hierdie studie op 'n geïntegreerde multi-dissiplinêre benadering tot die raamwerk-analise, naamlik die kognitiewe KVR model. Die raamwerk, wat ingebed is in die veld van Bybelse interpretasie, kombineer insigte uit ander dissiplines, insluitend: vertaalkunde, kognitiewe semantiek en kulturele studies. Die vertaler se besluite word geëvalueer met behulp van die heuristiese perspektief van "'n eksegeties begrondbare vertaling." Die studie het inderdaad talle vertaalskuiwe in die drie Setswana vertalings geïdentifiseer wat teruggevoer kon word na hipotetiese sosio-kulturele, organisatoriese-, kommunikatiewe- en tekstuele faktore. Moffat se vertaalskuiwe vertoon ‟n dominansie van organisatoriese KVRs regdeur die boek Rut. Die invloed van organisatoriese KVR‟s is dikwels ook in Wookey geïdentifiseer. BSA vertoon egter nie „n oorheersing van enige klas van KVRs nie. Tewens, dit vertoon die minste problematiese KVRs. Sover die negatiewe invloede van KVRs betref, is BSA die minste geraak, gevolg deur Wookey en laastens Moffat. Die studie toon dat dit soms eenvoudig, maar ander kere ook moeilik of onmoontlik is, afhangend van die pertinente KVR, om 'n eksegeties-regverdigbare vertaling van 'n GT eenheid te bied. Tog, kan dit afgelei word uit hierdie studie dat 'n bewustheid van KVRs tydens vertaling of ontleding van vertalings kan bydra tot die verbetering van reeds bestaande vertalings of die vermindering van problematiese vertaalskuiwe in nuwe Bybelvertalingsprojekte.

Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation d’un système d’aide à l’évolution du web de données en utilisant un système multi-agents. Plus particulièrement, elle a pour but de guider l’utilisateur dans sa démarche de modification d’une base de connaissances RDF. Elle aborde les problématiques suivantes : intégrer de nouveaux triplets résultant de l'annotation des documents, proposer le changement adéquat dans les deux niveaux, ontologie et données, en se basant sur des mesures de similarités, analyser les effets de changements sur la qualité des données et la gestion des versions en prenant en considération d'éventuels conflits. Cette question de recherche complexe engendre plusieurs problématiques dont les réponses sont dépendantes les unes des autres. Pour cela, nous nous sommes orientées vers le paradigme agent pour décomposer le problème. Il s’agit de répartir les tâches dans des agents. La coopération entre les agents permet de répondre au besoin de dépendance évoqué ci-dessus pour bénéficier de l’aspect dynamique et combler les inconvénients d’un système modulaire classique. Le choix d’un tel écosystème nous a permis de proposer une démarche d’évaluation de la qualité des données en employant un modèle d’argumentation. Il s’agit d’établir un consensus entre les agents pour prendre en considération les trois dimensions intrinsèques : la cohérence, la concision la complétude, la validation syntaxique et sémantique. Nous avons modélisé les métriques d’évaluation de chaque dimension sous forme d’arguments. L’acceptation ou pas d’un argument se décide via les préférences des agents.Chaque modification donne lieu à une nouvelle version de la base de connaissances RDF. Nous avons choisi de garder la dernière version de la base de connaissances. Pour cette raison, nous avons choisi de préserver les URI des ressources. Pour garder la trace des changements, nous annotons chaque ressource modifiée. Néanmoins, une base de connaissances peut être modifiée par plusieurs collaborateurs ce qui peut engendrer des conflits. Ils sont conjointement le résultat d’intégration de plusieurs données et le chevauchement des buts des agents. Pour gérer ces conflits, nous avons défini des règles. Nous avons appliqué notre travail de recherche au domaine de médecine générale. / In this thesis, we investigate the evolution of RDF datasets from documents and LOD. We identify the following issues : the integration of new triples, the proposition of changes by taking into account the data quality and the management of differents versions.To handle with the complexity of the web of data evolution, we propose an agent based argumentation framework. We assume that the agent specifications could facilitate the process of RDF dataset evolution. The agent technology is one of the most useful solution to cope with a complex problem. The agents work as a team and are autonomous in the sense that they have the ability to decide themselves which goals they should adopt and how these goals should be acheived. The Agents use argumentation theory to reach a consensus about the best change alternative. Relatively to this goal, we propose an argumentation model based on the metric related to the intrinsic dimensions.To keep a record of all the occured modifications, we are focused on the ressource version. In the case of a collaborative environment, several conflicts could be generated. To manage those conflicts, we define rules.The exploited domain is general medecine.

Por meio da análise de versões de textos redigidas por um mesmo sujeito ao longo de um período de onze anos, o quanto podemos compreender a respeito das vicissitudes envolvidas na aprendizagem da escrita do texto acadêmico? Essa pergunta norteou a investigação que deu origem à presente tese cujo objeto voltou-se ao percurso de escrita de um pesquisador em formação. Seu objetivo geral foi, a partir da análise de marcas de reformulação textual em versões de texto, discutir as particularidades do papel da escrita na formação de um pesquisador, papel esse intrinsicamente relacionado com a própria formação em curso. Tomando a psicanálise de orientação lacaniana como nosso principal arcabouço teórico, procuramos dar a ver como o pesquisador estabeleceu relação entre sua palavra e a palavra do outro, nas versões que escreveu para os textos que vieram a ser dois relatórios de iniciação científica, uma dissertação de mestrado e uma tese de doutorado. Com isso, quisemos dar a ver quais foram os pontos de virada pelos quais o pesquisador passou, em diferentes momentos de sua formação, para conseguir construir um lugar próprio para enunciar (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007). Nossa tese é aquela segundo a qual, por meio da análise das marcas visíveis e invisíveis de formulação textual (GRÉSILLON, 2007), podemos empreender construções em análise (FREUD, 1937) que nos permitem calcular, em nível cognitivo, como o pesquisador está superando os obstáculos epistemológicos que entravam sua reconstrução do conhecimento da modalidade científica (BACHELARD, 1996) e, em nível subjetivo, como, por meio das operações de alienação e separação (LACAN, 1964), colocou-se, emocionalmente, em posição de poder a vir construir novo conhecimento. Com relação aos objetivos específicos tivemos: 1) Analisar as marcas de reformulação textual em versões de texto redigidas por um pesquisador em formação; 2) Analisar, em versões de texto redigidos por um pesquisador em formação, a dinâmica do ultrapassamento de obstáculos epistemológicos em momentos que podem ser qualificados de pontos de virada (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007); e 3) Estudar a influência que as intervenções realizadas por terceiros (o orientador e colegas de grupo de pesquisa) em versões de texto têm no processo de escrita de textos acadêmicos. A análise de versões de textos permitiu concluir que o ultrapassamento dos obstáculos epistemológicos está ligado à possibilidade de o pesquisador em formação alterar a relação que estabelece com o conhecimento. Para tanto, ele precisa submeter suas impressões iniciais a uma rede simbólica, reformulando o que escreveu. / By means of the analysis of text versions written by the same person over eleven years, what can be comprehended about the vicissitudes related to the learning of the academic text writing? This question directed the investigation that resulted in this thesis which focus is the writing path of a researcher in training. Its general objective was, through the analysis of marks of textual revision in text versions, discuss the particularities of writing in the training of a researcher, being writing intrinsically related to the training ongoing. Taking Lacanian psychoanalysis as our main theoretical framework, we attempted to demonstrate how the researcher stablished a relationship between his own words and the others in the text versions that became two undergraduate research reports, a master dissertation and a PhD thesis. Thus, we intended to demonstrate the turning points by which the researcher passed though in different moments of his training in order to construct a proper place to express himself (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007). Our thesis is that though the analysis of the visible and the invisible signs of textual formulation (GRÉSILLON, 2007) it is possible to undertake constructions in analysis (FREUD, 1937) that allow us to calculate, cognitively, how the researcher is overcoming the epistemological obstacles that impede his knowledge reconstruction of the scientific modality (BACHELARD, 1996) and, subjectively, how, through the operations of alienation and separation (LACAN, 1964), the researcher put himself, emotionally, in order to be able to construct new knowledge. With regard to the specific objectives, we had: 1) Analyze the marks of textual revision in text versions written by a training researcher; 2) Analyze, in text versions written by a training researcher, the dynamic of overcoming the epistemological obstacles in moments that can be considered turning points (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007); and 3) Study the influence the interventions made by others (the supervisor and research group colleagues) in text versions had in the writing process of academic texts. The analysis of text versions allowed us to conclude that the surpassing of the epistemological obstacles is related to the possibility of the training researcher changing the relation he stablishes with knowledge. In order to do so, he needs to submit his initial impressions to a symbolic net, reformulating what had written.

Esta tese aborda a circulação no Brasil de versões em espanhol produzidas por estúdios de Hollywood nos primeiros anos do cinema sonoro. Procuramos identificar nestes filmes algumas representações que os produtores norte-americanos vincularam à identidade latina. Temos o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo como recorte geográfico, a partir da pesquisa histórica de recepção nas revistas Cinearte e A Scena Muda e nos jornais Correio da Manhã e O Estado de São Paulo. Entre 1930 e 1935, esses periódicos mencionaram uma série de produções hollywoodianas em língua espanhola, que nossas revistas consideraram inferiores aos filmes originais em inglês devido à barreira da língua e aos padrões de qualidade cinematográficos estabelecidos. Visamos demonstrar como a recepção das versões pela imprensa carioca e paulistana marcou o distanciamento que alguns grupos de nossa elite cultural projetavam em relação à América Latina, bem como um espelhamento nos Estados Unidos, afirmando uma relação imperialista pela via da cultura. / This dissertation approaches the circulation in Brazil of the Spanish-language versions produced by Hollywood Studios in the early years of sound cinema and aim to identify in these films some representations of Latinidad made by American producers. The cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo constitute the geographic approach. The magazines Cinearte and A Scena Muda, and the newspapers Correio da Manhã and O Estado de São Paulo were the main reference for the historical research. Between 1930 and 1935 these journals mentioned some Hollywood Spanish-language productions, which Brazillian magazines considered worse than the original English-language films because of the language barrier and the established film quality standards. This work aims to demonstrate how the reception of the Spanish-language versions by the Brazilian press marked the distancing that some groups of Brazil´s cultural elite projected towards Latin America, as well as a mirroring in the United States. It marks an imperialist relation through culture.

Este trabalho apresenta um mecanismo para evolução de esquemas para bancos de dados orientados a objetos. A necessidade de alteração do esquema conceitual de dados pode surgir em qualquer momento da vida de um sistema, por motivos como incorporar novas especificações e necessidades do usuário, reaproveitamento de classes em outros sistemas a correção de falhas de modelagem. Uma ferramenta deste tipo deve permitir ao usuário a maior variedade possível de alterações e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilitar um alto grau de independência lógica de dados, para reduzir ao máximo possível a necessidade de alteração dos programas de aplicação que utilizam o esquema. O modelo de dados utilizado está baseado nos modelos de outros sistemas orientados a objetos, como Orion é O2. Ele permite a definição de classes, atributos simples e construídos pelo usuário, métodos, como forma de encapsular os objetos e herança múltipla de atributos e métodos para subclasses. Além disso, para manter o histórico de modificações realizadas, versões de instâncias, classes e métodos são utilizadas. Versões de um objeto formam um grafo acíclico, sendo a versão mais recente a "default". Como forma de manter a coerência no uso de versões de diferentes objetos, o conceito de contextos de esquemas é definido. A proposta baseia-se no conceito de invariantes, condições básicas para a base de dados ser considerada válida e consistente pelo sistema. Invariantes estruturais e comportamentais são definidos e mantidos. Diversas operações que podem ser realizadas sobre um esquema são descritas, detalhando para cada uma as suas opções e efeitos. Alguns mecanismos auxiliares para aumentar a transparência de alterações de esquemas são esboçados. Como uma aplicação específica do mecanismo genérico apresentado, outro é desenvolvido para o ambiente STAR. Seu modelo de dados e os gerentes de versões e metodologia são explicados, tendo suas características mais relevantes para este trabalho detalhadas. Tomando o esquema de objeto como um esquema de dados e as tarefas do gerente de metodologias como métodos, o mecanismo também se baseia em invariantes que são utilizados para validar a correção das modificações realizadas, cuja semântica está descrita detalhadamente. O mecanismo definido revelou-se extremamente flexível e capaz de manter não só o histórico do desenvolvimento de determinada aplicação, como também alternativas de um mesmo sistema que esteja sendo construído utilizando um banco de dados orientado a objetos, tendo atendido satisfatoriamente aos requisitos básicos definidos inicialmente. / This work presents a schema evolution mechanism, based on an object oriented data model. Conceptual schema modifications are needed al any moment in the life cycle of a system, for example, to incorporate new specifications and users' solicitations, to reuse classes developed for other system and to correct modeling errors. This mechanism has to allow a great number of different operations and, at the same time, a high data logic independence to reduce the number of changes in applications programs. For this proposal we are considering an object oriented data model, similar to those existing in Orion and O2. Class definitions, simple attributes and attributes constructed by the user, methods to encapsulate objects and multiple inheritance of attributes and methods to subclasses are allowed. Instances, classes and methods are versionable. Connected directed acyclic graphs organize the versions of an object. There is one current version, which either is the most recent (the default) or one defined by the user. Schema contexts are introduced to keep track of the correspondence that exists among all the versions created, assuring the selection of a method version adequate for a version instance. The mechanism is based on schema invariants, that are basic conditions that always must be satisfied in order to insure that the schema is in a correct state. Structural and behavioral invariants are defined and checked by the system. The designer can use a complete set of operations to change the schema. The semantic of all operations is described, with its options and effects. Some auxiliary mechanisms are incorporated to facilitate schema change transparency. As an application, a generic mechanism for schema evolution is developed to the STAR framework. The data model, version and methodology managers of STAR are explained. The mechanism is based on invariants to validated changes considering an object schema as conceptual schema. and the methodology manager tasks like methods. The mechanism is extremely flexible and capable of maintaining the history of schema development and alternatives of classes ; methods and instances' descriptions. The previously defined characteristics are allowed in a satisfactorily way, resulting in a very useful tool for software design.

Por meio da análise de versões de textos redigidas por um mesmo sujeito ao longo de um período de onze anos, o quanto podemos compreender a respeito das vicissitudes envolvidas na aprendizagem da escrita do texto acadêmico? Essa pergunta norteou a investigação que deu origem à presente tese cujo objeto voltou-se ao percurso de escrita de um pesquisador em formação. Seu objetivo geral foi, a partir da análise de marcas de reformulação textual em versões de texto, discutir as particularidades do papel da escrita na formação de um pesquisador, papel esse intrinsicamente relacionado com a própria formação em curso. Tomando a psicanálise de orientação lacaniana como nosso principal arcabouço teórico, procuramos dar a ver como o pesquisador estabeleceu relação entre sua palavra e a palavra do outro, nas versões que escreveu para os textos que vieram a ser dois relatórios de iniciação científica, uma dissertação de mestrado e uma tese de doutorado. Com isso, quisemos dar a ver quais foram os pontos de virada pelos quais o pesquisador passou, em diferentes momentos de sua formação, para conseguir construir um lugar próprio para enunciar (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007). Nossa tese é aquela segundo a qual, por meio da análise das marcas visíveis e invisíveis de formulação textual (GRÉSILLON, 2007), podemos empreender construções em análise (FREUD, 1937) que nos permitem calcular, em nível cognitivo, como o pesquisador está superando os obstáculos epistemológicos que entravam sua reconstrução do conhecimento da modalidade científica (BACHELARD, 1996) e, em nível subjetivo, como, por meio das operações de alienação e separação (LACAN, 1964), colocou-se, emocionalmente, em posição de poder a vir construir novo conhecimento. Com relação aos objetivos específicos tivemos: 1) Analisar as marcas de reformulação textual em versões de texto redigidas por um pesquisador em formação; 2) Analisar, em versões de texto redigidos por um pesquisador em formação, a dinâmica do ultrapassamento de obstáculos epistemológicos em momentos que podem ser qualificados de pontos de virada (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007); e 3) Estudar a influência que as intervenções realizadas por terceiros (o orientador e colegas de grupo de pesquisa) em versões de texto têm no processo de escrita de textos acadêmicos. A análise de versões de textos permitiu concluir que o ultrapassamento dos obstáculos epistemológicos está ligado à possibilidade de o pesquisador em formação alterar a relação que estabelece com o conhecimento. Para tanto, ele precisa submeter suas impressões iniciais a uma rede simbólica, reformulando o que escreveu. / By means of the analysis of text versions written by the same person over eleven years, what can be comprehended about the vicissitudes related to the learning of the academic text writing? This question directed the investigation that resulted in this thesis which focus is the writing path of a researcher in training. Its general objective was, through the analysis of marks of textual revision in text versions, discuss the particularities of writing in the training of a researcher, being writing intrinsically related to the training ongoing. Taking Lacanian psychoanalysis as our main theoretical framework, we attempted to demonstrate how the researcher stablished a relationship between his own words and the others in the text versions that became two undergraduate research reports, a master dissertation and a PhD thesis. Thus, we intended to demonstrate the turning points by which the researcher passed though in different moments of his training in order to construct a proper place to express himself (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007). Our thesis is that though the analysis of the visible and the invisible signs of textual formulation (GRÉSILLON, 2007) it is possible to undertake constructions in analysis (FREUD, 1937) that allow us to calculate, cognitively, how the researcher is overcoming the epistemological obstacles that impede his knowledge reconstruction of the scientific modality (BACHELARD, 1996) and, subjectively, how, through the operations of alienation and separation (LACAN, 1964), the researcher put himself, emotionally, in order to be able to construct new knowledge. With regard to the specific objectives, we had: 1) Analyze the marks of textual revision in text versions written by a training researcher; 2) Analyze, in text versions written by a training researcher, the dynamic of overcoming the epistemological obstacles in moments that can be considered turning points (RIOLFI; ALAMINOS, 2007); and 3) Study the influence the interventions made by others (the supervisor and research group colleagues) in text versions had in the writing process of academic texts. The analysis of text versions allowed us to conclude that the surpassing of the epistemological obstacles is related to the possibility of the training researcher changing the relation he stablishes with knowledge. In order to do so, he needs to submit his initial impressions to a symbolic net, reformulating what had written.

Dans un environnement guide par les procedes de fabrication de logiciel (EGPFL), la gestion de l'information est un probleme complexe qui doit concilier deux besoins : gerer le produit logiciel et gerer les procedes de fabrication. Outre la grande quantite d'entites diverses et fortement interdependantes, la gestion du produit doit prendre en compte l'aspect evolutif et les facteurs de variation du logiciel, ainsi que la nature cooperative des activites de fabrication des logiciels. La gestion des procedes recouvre la modelisation, l'execution, l'evaluation et la supervision des procedes. Diverses informations doivent alors etre prises en compte : la trace d'execution des procedes, les evenements survenus dans l'environnement et les mesures de qualite. Nous proposons les objets historiques annotes pour gerer l'information d'un EGPFL. L'objet historique constitue la notion de base d'un modele a objets historique permettant de representer a la fois les entites logicielles et leur evolution. La notion d'annotation vient, quant a elle, enrichir ce modele pour permettre d'introduire des informations qui denotent des faits (notes, mesures, observations, etc) pouvant etre ponctuellement associes aux entites de l'EGPFL. Un langage de requetes est defini afin d'acceder aux differentes informations. Grace a ce langage, l'EGPFL dispose d'un service puissant pour rassembler, a partir de la base d'objets, les diverses informations necessaires a l'evaluation et au controle des procedes de fabrication. Nous proposons egalement d'exploiter les possibilites offertes par notre modele pour definir des evenements et, eventuellement, en conserver un historique. Les evenements permettent d'identifier des situations liant des informations provenant aussi bien de l'etat courant que des etats passes de l'EGPFL. C'est pourquoi la definition d'un evenement peut comporter des conditions exprimees dans le langage de requetes. L'emploi d'annotations permet d'enregistrer les occurrences d'evenements, ainsi qu'une partie de l'etat du systeme. Une implantation du modele est proposee dans le systeme Adele.

Les entrepôts de données intègrent les informations en provenance de différentes sources, souvent réparties et hétérogènes et qui ont pour objectif de fournir une vue globale de l'information aux analystes et aux décideurs. L'ensemble des données avec leurs historiques sert pour l'aide à la décision. La conception et la mise en œuvre d'un entrepôt se fait en trois étapes : extraction-intégration, organisation et interrogation. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux deux dernières. Pour nous, l'organisation est une tâche complexe et délicate, pour cela, nous la divisons en deux parties : structuration et gestion des données. Ainsi, pour la structuration, nous proposons la définition d'un modèle multidimensionnel qui se compose de trois classes : Cube, Dimension et Hiérarchie. Nous proposons également un algorithme pour la sélection de l'ensemble optimal des vues à matérialiser. La gestion de données doit prendre en compte l'évolution des entrepôts. Le concept d'évolution de schéma a été introduit pour récupérer les données existantes par le biais de leur adaptation au nouveau schéma. Néanmoins, dans les systèmes qui doivent gérer des données historiques, l'évolution de schéma n'est pas suffisante et la maintenance de plusieurs schémas est requise. Pour cela, nous proposons l'utilisation des versions de schémas bitemporels pour la gestion, le stockage et la visualisation des données courantes et historisées (intensionnelles et extensionnelles). Finalement, pour l'interrogation, nous avons développé une interface graphique qui permet la génération (semi-automatique) des indicateurs. Ces indicateurs (par exemple, 'le nombre de séjours par établissement et par maladie') sont déterminés par le cadre applicatif. Nous avons eu l'opportunité de travailler dans le cadre d'un projet médical, ce qui nous a permis de vérifier et de valider notre proposition sur des données réelles.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é, primeiramente, o levantamento de versões brasileiras para canções de Bob Dylan e, posteriormente, a análise das letras dessas versões. A intenção é compreender como os compositores brasileiros fizeram a leitura do compositor americano. O resultado mostra um quadro com 46 versões, realizadas no período de 1968 a 2008, que se referem a três períodos da obra de Bob Dylan, antes, durante e depois do que o biógrafo Robert Sheldon denominou Primeiro Ciclo Rock. Os dados permitem separar dois grandes grupos de compositores brasileiros: um contém aquelas versões feitas a partir dos álbuns pertencentes ao Primeiro Ciclo Rock de Dylan, gerando a estatística de mais de 52% dos casos, e o outro contém versões que focaram nas outras fases do músico. / The main purpose of this research was to collect Brazilian versions of Bob Dylan’s songs and analyze both Portuguese and English lyrics, searching for evidences on how Brazilian songwriters have interpreted Dylan’s work in their cultural context. Results show a table with 46 Brazilian versions made from 1968 to 2008. They were analyzed according to what the biographer Robert Shelton called Rock Cycle. Statistics show more than 52% of those versions referring to pre-rock cycle and rock cycle, aiming the musician’s production from 1963 to 1965, mainly. This paper analyses Brazilian version lyrics in comparison to original lyrics.