Atualmente, novas alternativas para as redes de computadores estão surgindo, tais como ReMAVs (Redes Metropolitanas de Alta Velocidade), Internet2, RNP2 e Advanced ANSP (Academic Network at São Paulo). Neste novo cenário, alta largura de banda e qualidade de serviço são aspectos fundamentais. Tais redes têm como objetivo suportar o tráfego de áudio e vídeo em tempo real com qualidade, o que viabilizará o desenvolvimento de aplicações avançadas - por exemplo, aplicações de videoconferência - que exigem maiores capacidades das mesmas. Este projeto apresenta, na revisão bibliográfica, conceitos de videoconferência; suas principais características; e algumas considerações sobre os tipos de cenários e o ambiente dos participantes. Neste projeto foi realizada uma avaliação de sistemas de videoconferência baseando-se em parâmetros que foram estabelecidos de acordo com a recomendação ITU-T F.730. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível estabelecer e validar um conjunto mínimo de parâmetros para avaliação que poderá auxiliar na escolha de sistemas de videoconferência. / This project aims to present concepts of videoconference, some considerations about scenarios and environment for videoconference users, considered at the time of the evaluation. In this project was done an evaluation of videoconference systems based in parameters established under ITU-T F.730 recommendation. Futhermore, it was possible establishing and validating a minimum set of parameters for evaluation which is usefull to choose videoconference systems.

KBT-terapi har de närmaste åren alltmer utförts via videosamtal, även kallat videoconferencing  psychoterapy (VCP) i privat och regional vård i Sverige som spridits ytterligare under pandemin covid-19.  Syftet var att undersöka KBT-behandlares åsikter om VCP. Frågeställningen var ”Vad har KBT-behandlare  för attityder gällande KBT via VCP?”. Ett urval samlades in genom ett bekvämlighetsurval som erhölls genom webenkät. Enkäten spreds via E-post till två KBT-föreningar (BTF och SFKBT) och bland annat  på sociala medier. 140 fullständiga svar gav resultatet att KBT-behandlarna var positiva till VCP som  ansågs tidsbesparande och flexibelt men svårt att motivera vissa patienter till. KBT-tekniker och arbetssätt  som ansågs mer okomplicerat var agenda, behandlingsmål, hemuppgifter, boostersessioner, acceptans och  återfallsprevention. Det ansågs komplexare med känsloreglering, rollspel och exponering. Ångest,  depression och stress ansågs lättare att behandla medan större osäkerhet eller skeptiskhet fanns gällande  tvång, bipolaritet, personlighetssyndrom och fobier. Slutsats blev att VCP ansågs som ett bra sätt att bedriva  KBT med god allians. Kreativa lösningar ansågs behövas för att lösa pedagogiska utmaningar samt att det  ansågs som en utmaning att läsa av kroppsspråk och känsloläge. Vidare forskning krävs för vidare  attitydmätning hos KBT-kliniker. VCP kommer säkerligen vidareutvecklas och expandera vidare. / <p>Linköpings universitet | Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande Psykoterapeutexamensuppsats/magisteruppsats/uppsats på avancerad nivå, 15 hp | Psykoterapeutprogrammet (KBT) Höstterminen 2020 | ISRN-nummer: LIU-IBL/PST-A—20/02—SE</p>

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the world globally and the way humans conduct their work today. Face-to-face meetings have since before the pandemic been the most standard and effective way to do business, but due to the recommendations from the Swedish Public Health Agency workshops conducted by ERP-consultants does now have to be executed digitally. The transition from physical to digital meetings has imposed major challenges for consultants such as replicating the communication, lack of engagement and a higher risk for becoming fatigued. However, there is little to no research from an ERP-consultant's perspective on how to facilitate and conduct workshops as well as how it has now been affected by the ongoing global pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of workshops conducted by ERP-consultants, comparing the process of a traditional workshop to digital workshops. In addition, understanding which strengths and weaknesses can be found with traditional and digital workshops. The study also aims to create guidelines that will help ERP-consultants to achieve higher quality in digital workshops. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with five ERP-consultants and was split into two stages; first stage aimed at identifying strength and weaknesses, further the second stage of interviews aimed at evaluating the created guidelines. From the interviews several strengths and weaknesses were identified, and the weaknesses acted as a foundation for the creation of the five guidelines. In conclusion, 1) there are strengths in traditional workshops that are lost in digital workshops, and 2) there are added strengths in digital workshops that could not be fulfilled in traditional workshops.  Lastly, the study found that the traditional workshop and the face-to-face communication can not be fully replaced by the digital as it is human nature to connect and socialize with other people.

Subject of this thesis was the issue of effectiveness of wireless networks from the perspective of services. Become acquainted with WiFi network standard IEEE 802.11 with protocols and principles of WiFi networks and services. It should be focused on the quality of service QoS. In teoretical part of this thesis are described problems considering wireless networks, layer model and types of nets used in WiFi. Standard IEEE 802.11 is analysed in details including supplements and used packets. Special attention is paid to the quality of service QoS. Next are discussed the principles and application services as VoIP, videoconferencing, video streaming and others in WiFi network. On the basis of obtained knowledge is designed extensive WiFi network with assured supply of services. For modelling and simulation of wireless network is used software development environment Opnet Modeler. Model of wireless network is used to optimize and analyse this wireless communication network. In thesis are also simulated properties of data which are sensitive to delay. In last part of thesis is created a laboratory work, which contains a submission of task, detailed theory, wiring diagram, instructions for elaboration, guidelines for simulation and example of elaboration of task. Work is about comparison of network with used 802.11b and 802.11e standard, and support of quality of service QoS.

Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de démontrer la faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et d’évaluer les bénéfices apportés par un programme d'APA multivarié à domicile pour des personnes âgées utilisant un système de visioconférence collectif. Quarante et un participants (67-80 ans) ont été recrutés et répartis en 3 groupes : un groupe témoin non entraîné, deux groupes entraînés en visioconférence et en face à face. Le programme d’APA a été dispensé sur 4 mois (2 séances d’1h par semaine). En vue d’améliorer la qualité de vie et les caractéristiques physiologiques des pratiquants, des exercices de résistance, d’équilibre et de travail aérobie étaient proposés à chaque séance. Afin d’évaluer les effets de ce programme, un protocole d’évaluation similaire en pré- et post-programme a été mis en place. La qualité de vie, la condition physique, l'équilibre, la marche simple et en situation de double tâche, la rythmicité biologique circadienne (température, somnolence et fatigue subjectives et cycle activité-repos) ont été évalués. Les principaux résultats ont montré une amélioration de la qualité de vie, de la puissance d’extension de la jambe, de la puissance maximale aérobie et du cycle activité-repos. L’entraînement n’a pas eu d’effet notable sur les capacités d’équilibration et de marche. Si des gains ont été obtenus, les effets sont globalement plus nombreux et semblent plus marqués suite à la diffusion classique par rapport à la diffusion en visioconférence. Les améliorations obtenues en visioconférence montrent cependant qu'il s'agit d'un outil pertinent et adapté au public âgé qui pourra être proposé en transition ou en complément des administrations traditionnelles. / The main goals of this thesis were to determine the feasibility, the acceptability, and to evaluate the benefits brought by a multivariate home based APA program for older adults using a videoconferencing system.Forty-one participants aged between 67 and 80 years old were recruited and separated into three groups: an untrained control group, and two groups trained by videoconferencing or face-to-face programs. The APA program was provided during 4 months, with two sessions of one hour per week. In order to improve the quality of life and the physiological characteristics of the participants, resistance, balance and aerobic exercises were conducted during each session. In order to evaluate the effects induced by this program, the evaluation protocol was similar for the pre- and post-program tests. Quality of life, physical condition, balance, simple and dual walking-tasks and circadian rhythmicity (temperature, subjective sleepiness and fatigue, rest-activity cycle) were evaluated.Main results showed improvement of quality of life, of the leg extension power, of the maximal aerobic power and of the rest-activity cycle. The training did not affect significantly balance and walking abilities of the participants.Although benefits have been obtained for both trained groups, effects are globally more important and seem larger when using the traditional face-to-face program in comparison to the use of the novel videoconferencing program. Nevertheless, the benefits observed using the video-conferencing program demonstrate its relevance in older adults. This program could thus be suitable as a complement or in transition of traditional methods (i.e. face-to-face).

Over the course of last decade, the demand for VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) applications has increased significantly among enterprises and individuals due to its low cost. This increasing demand resulted in a significant increase in users who require reliable VoIP communication systems. QoS (Quality of Service) is a major issue in VoIP implementation and is a method to impel the development of real-time multimedia services like VoIP and videoconferencing. However, there are certain challenges in achieving QoS for VoIP application, which need special attentions; like latency and packet loss. The VoIP servers which are functioning on single core software/hardware model have high latency and packet loss issues due to their limited processing bandwidth. A multicore software/hardware model is the solution to cope up with the increasing demands of VoIP and yet an active research area in telecommunication. Using a multicore software/hardware model for VoIP has several challenges, one of the challenges is to design and implement QoS Benchmarking module for VoIP client and server on multicore. In this thesis the focus is on latency and packet loss of SIP messages on OpenSIPS server. This is done by performing stress testing for QoS benchmarking, where delay and call drop rate is calculated for SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) signaling messages on parallel VoIP client server model. The model is built in C for multicore and is used as a simulation tool. SIP is widely deployed protocol for call establishment, maintenance and termination in VoIP.

This thesis focuses on early beginnings of a video conferencing platform Zoom, its development and enormous rise during the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease, and on its influence on users. It focuses particularly on millennials who are already familiar with this kind of technology. The aim of this work is primarily to determine the effects of Zoom, as a video conferencing platform, on user's activities because they were used to perform them in a physical contact with other people. However, due to restrictions resulting from epidemiological measures, participants were forced to move their activities to the online environment. The thesis focuses on answering these research questions: How do people's behaviour, perception of the situation and their self-presentation change when using Zoom in comparison to a face-to-face meeting? How have the activities of users changed while using Zoom, due to COVID-19, namely March to December 2020? How and for what reasons do users use Zoom? How do users perceive Zoom's affordances? In order to answer these questions, qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews. These were attended by ten respondents who regularly use Zoom for a certain activity that was carried out in personal before the pandemic. Respondents were millennials,...

Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om kuratorers erfarenheter av att utöva stödsamtal via videosamtal inom primärvården. Vidare är syftet att öka kunskapen om kuratorernas förhållningssätt till stödsamtal som genomförs via videosamtal. Därför syftade studien till att undersöka vilka möjligheter respektive utmaningar kuratorer upplever i utövandet av stödsamtal via videosamtal inom primärvården samt deras förhållningssätt till dessa samtal. För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes studien med en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Totalt intervjuades sex kuratorer som arbetar inom primärvården i olika regioner i Sverige och valdes utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval. Det teoretiska begreppet om professionellt förhållningssätt och Kommunikationsteori har tillämpats i analysen av de empiriska resultaten. Resultaten visar att videosamtal som verktyg kan ha både för- och nackdelar för både kuratorer och patienter. Det framkommer även att kuratorerna upplever en förlust av icke-verbal kommunikation i samtal via videolänk och att den icke-verbala kommunikationen ofta ersätts och förstärks av verbal kommunikation. Studien visar även att miljön vid samtal via videolänk kan ses som både en resurs och ett hinder för både kuratorerna och patienterna. Studiens resultat belyser även att omfattning av utbildning vad gäller videosamtal och kollegialt stöd är olika för kuratorerna men att de framhäver betydelsen av att tillgodose patientens behov. Studien uppmärksammar vikten av självreflektion för utveckling i den professionella yrkesrollen. / The study aims to increase knowledge about social workers, i.e counsellors, experiences and approaches of practicing videoconferencing in primary care. Therefore, the study aimed to examine counsellors’ experiences regarding opportunities, challenges and approaches of these calls. A qualitative methodology was employed through a series of semi-structured interviews to collect the data. A thematic analysis of the interviews was used to analyse the practitioners’ responses. Through convenience sampling, a total of six primary care counsellors who work in six different regions in Sweden were selected and interviewed. The theoretical concept of the Professional Approach and Communication Theory has been applied in the analysis of the empirical results. The results demonstrate that videoconferencing as a tool, can have both advantages and disadvantages for both the practitioner and the patient. The results indicated that some non-verbal cues are lost during video call counselling, however, those are often replaced and reinforced by verbal communication. The study also shows that the environment of video call can both facilitate and hinder the experience of the session, for both the practitioner and the patient. In addition, the extent of videoconferencing training and collegial support differs across practitioners, but there is a strong emphasis on the importance of accommodating the patient's needs. Lastly, the study accentuates the importance of self-reflection within practitioners for ongoing professional development.

Technology is a promising means for increasing rural individuals’ access to behavioral healthcare. However, the range of technology use in rural areas is currently unknown. The aims of this study were to examine the use of technology in rural areas, the relationship between technology use and willingness to access pediatric mental health services via videoconferencing, and this relationship within the context of other critical variables linked to service uptake. Data were collected at 2 pediatric primary care clinics. While no significant relationship was found between technology use and willingness to use videoconferencing, a significant relationship emerged between previous service seeking and willingness to use videoconferencing. These findings indicate the need for more research examining other variables’ relationships to willingness to seek help via technology, such as general help-seeking attitudes, unfamiliarity with videoconferencing services, or other variables included in previously established models of technology adoption.

This project is a case study conducted at Ericsson where a new type of learning activity has been tested. The reason for conducting this study is that Ericsson together with other companies within the technology field faces a significant challenge to acquire knowledge fast enough to keep up with new trends and technological developments. The main research questions in this study are how the participants experience these learning activities and what the most important factors are for successful learning within this context. Further, it is investigated how these learning activities are affected when they are scaled from one to many locations with interactive video conferencing rooms. Data were collected in a four-month period, and the data consisted of qualitative interviews, observations, questionnaires and impressions perceived during the time spent in Ericsson’s office. Given this collected data, the direction of the study changed during the study’s duration, since new questions arose that needed to be answered. The results indicate that the interaction changes when video conferencing tools are used, the number of interaction decreases; however, there are indications that the quality of content increases. The participants believe that interaction is an essential part of learning, and to create a safe environment for having discussions and for asking questions. Further, motivation and expectations seem to be crucial factors for successful learning activities. The analysis of these results implies that clear information, planning and a high level of structure in the implementation is required for a truly interactive learning environment to exist, in particular, if more than one location is participating. To make it possible for the participants to prior their personal development, it seems to help them to set the right expectations in prior is important. Furthermore, the social aspect regarding relations and the possibility to build personal networks seems to become the ground for motivation and attitude when it comes to participating. In conclusion, the studied activity of interactive learning seems to be a way forward for Ericsson to face technical development and new trends in the market since this is a way of creating awareness and giving a broader perspective. This activity can, with support from the theoretical perspectives, be seen as a starting point for learning, where the process for each continues afterwards. For Ericsson to continue to develop this interactive learning activity, recommendations are given at the end of this report for further improvements. / Detta är en fallstudie genomförd på Ericsson där en ny typ av lärandeaktivitet har undersökts. Anledningen till att dessa tester görs är att Ericsson och andra teknikföretag står inför en stor utmaning att kunna lära sig nya områden i samma takt som nya trender kommer och tekniken utvecklas. Huvudfrågorna i denna studie är hur deltagarna upplever det lärandekoncept som testats, samt vilka framgångsfaktorerna är och vad som händer med interaktionen när konceptet skalas upp med hjälp utav interaktiva videokonferensrum. Datainsamling gjordes löpande under fyra månaders tid och bestod utav kvalitativa intervjuer, observationer, frågeformulär och allmänna observationer och intryck under tidens gång på Ericsson. Utifrån insamlade data ändrades studiens riktning under arbetets gång för att besvara nya frågor som dykt upp. Resultaten visar på att interaktionen förändras när videokonferensverktyg används, och att mängden interaktion minskar men att kvalitén på innehållet i interaktionen kan öka. Deltagarna anser att interaktionen är en viktig del i lärandet, samt att det är ett tryggt klimat för att diskutera och ställa frågor. Motivation och förväntningar anses också vara viktiga faktorer. Analys visar på att det krävs tydlig information, planering och struktur i genomförandet för att ett interaktivt lärandeklimat ska kunna existera, särskilt när flera rum är sammankopplade. För att deltagare ska kunna prioritera sitt lärande tycks förväntningar vara centrala, och det är upp till organisatörerna att hjälpa deltagarna sätta rätt förväntningar. Den sociala aspekten gällande relationer och möjligheten att bygga kontaktnätverk verkar ligga till grund för motivation och attityd vad gäller deltagande. Sammanfattningsvis verkar denna typ av interaktiva lärandeaktiviteter vara ett sätt för Ericsson att möta den tekniska utvecklingen och de nya trender som de har framför sig, då det bidrar till förståelse och ett bredare perspektiv. Dessa aktiviteter kan, med stöd från de teoretiska perspektiven, ses som en startpunkt för lärande där processen hos varje individ fortsätter även efteråt. För att i framtiden fortsätta arbetet med att förbättra dessa lärandeaktiviteter avslutas denna rapport med ett antal rekommendationer för fortsatt utveckling.