Abstrakt Examinationsnivå: Examensarbete, 15 högskolepoäng, inom lärarprogrammet Högskolan i Gävle Titel: Barns mångkulturella formningar genom barnlitteraturen: Utifrån kvalitativ textanalys utförda på ett urval av Astrid Lindgrens verk Författare: Edlund, Nadja                                                                                                         Termin och år: Ht 2008                                                                                                           Institution: Institutionen för Pedagogik, didaktik och psykologi. Handledare: Daniel Pettersson                                                                                    Nyckelord: Mångkultur, litteratur perspektiv, barns formning, Astrid Lindgren   Syftet med uppsatsen är undersöka vilka värderingar som ingår i benämningen mångkultur samt hur barns mångkulturella uppfattningar formas genom barnlitteratur representerad av utvalda verk författade av Astrid Lindgren. . Frågeställningen i denna C-uppsats lyder: Vilka mångkulturella uppfattningar formas barn av genom barnlitteraturen? Metod som använts för att ta reda på frågeställningen är kvalitativ textanalys. Genom denna metod kom det relevanta fram som behövdes för att sammanställa ett urval av mångkulturella uppfattningar och tänkanden de olika figurerna i Astrid Lindgrens böcker förmedlar i texten. Det faktum att pedagoger och föräldrar läser det som andra läst för dem när de själva var barn kan ha en påverkan i varför böckerna följer med i dagens samhälle. Uppsatsen belyser mångkulturens innehåll i de utvalda verk av Astrid Lindgren som valts och hur barns uppfattningar och formning ser ut utifrån det litterära perspektivet. Med mångkultur menas etnicitet, religion, bakgrunder, förhållningsätt, klasskillnader samt förutfattade meningar. Med formning menas barns uppfattningspräglingar och värderingsskapande som sker i barnens utveckling. Uppsatsens statistik och listor är utdragna från året 2006. Med anledning av att det med beslut från regeringen var mångkulturens år. Det kändes också aktuellt att kort nämna nuvarande statistik samt äldre statistik för att visa ett brett tidsperspektiv på Astrid Lindgrens böckers existens på topplistorna. Resultatet redovisar det som genom en kvalitativ textanalys upptäckts och innefattar det som ingår i begreppet mångkultur. Detta redovisas i utdrag, citat och genom ord som förekommer i Astrid Lindgrens böcker. I diskussionen framkommer det faktum att barns formning till stora delar sker genom litteraturen och att Astrid Lindgren fyller en stor del av den litteraturen som läses av barn och det automatiskt påverkas deras formning och uppfattningar. Mångkultur presenteras och framställs både ur positiva och negativa aspekter i Astrids böcker. Det är därför viktigt att det existerar en medvetenhet hos pedagoger för vad för slags värderingar vi förmedlar genom exempelvis litteratur som läses för barnen. / The purpose with this essay is to illuminate how children’s perceptions about multi cultural and its values are created trough literature for children. And to examine what child literature and its value stands for. By multi cultural the aspects of ethnicity, religion, tradition, culture, class is included. In this essay the literature who is being granted is one of Sweden’s most read authors Astrid Lindgren. The essays method is text analysis and seven of Astrid Lindgrens most read characters are being used in the result area. The choice of Astrid Lindgren is being motivated by her importance in child literature true generations and the fact that her book Pippi Långstrump still is the most borrowed book in library’s according to Svff (the association of Swedish authors). The results are containing extracts from the books where seven of her most famous characters exist. The results present examples of multi cultural aspects that are presented in these books. The discussion will contribute in what ways children can be formed true these results. These results show both positive and negative aspects of Astrid Lindgrens books vied from the multi-cultural perspective.

This dissertation investigates whether and why social structure influences cooperative organizational strategic decision making in an international relations context, and in particular, similar voting in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The economic and institutional embeddedness of organizations which are operationalized using network concepts are posited as and found to be influences. Additionally, nested institutional embeddedness is investigated in an inter-organizational setting. Based on a sensitivity analysis, nested organizational embeddedness can potentially have both negative and positive effects. Multiple issues and network methodology combined with an enormous and varied data set offer a wide-range of future research opportunities. More specifically, trade, military alliances, diplomatic visits, and two-mode International Government Organizational (IGO) networks affect voting behaviour in the UNGA due to power and influence relationships that demand or encourage organizational level reciprocity, either as vote buying in backroom bargaining situations or for compliance reasons; maintaining the nation’s good reputation is of importance in international relations. Each type of inter-organizational network involves an interesting theoretical twist that makes it worth researching and while theory testing is the primary objective, outcomes include practical implications for negotiators. Finally, an advantageous data set offers an excellent context for unique and successful testing of embeddedness view concepts in tighter causal relationships compared to other studies that observe performance rather than decision outcomes. Moreover, the methodological approach is a demonstration of how to deal with a multi-faceted econometric challenge.

Texas is one of 17 states with both 1862 and 1890 Extension programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the partnership amongst agents of Texas AgriLife Extension Service and the Cooperative Extension Program, in counties that have both Extension programs. Seventy-eight agents participated in the study, of which, 73% (N=57) were employed by Texas AgriLife Extension Service and 24% (N=19) were employed by the Cooperative Extension Program. Cohen's D Effect Size was used to determine the practical significance of differences among agents' perception of the relevance of Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Cooperative Extension Program at Prairie View A&M University, along with the agents' understanding of the partnership, willingness to partner and knowledge of the Operational Guidelines. As part of the study, agents also identified strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of having two programs in the State and provided recommendations for strengthening the partnership. Among agents, there was a high degree of relevance for Texas AgriLife Extension Service, while there was a moderate degree of relevance for the Cooperative Extension Program-Prairie View A&M. Cohen's D Effect size suggested a large practical difference amongst agents in their perception of both Extension programs. Findings indicated a moderate degree of knowledge of the Operational Guidelines and understanding of the partnership amongst agents. Cohen's D Effect size value (d =.1.29) and (d =1.30) suggested a large practical differences amongst agents, from the two programs, in relation to their willingness to partner and understanding of the partnership respectively. Strengths of having two Extension programs identified by agents were the Extension programs ability to reach new and diverse audiences and address community and state needs. Weaknesses identified were agents competing against one another for audiences, two programs causing confusion to clientele, and a lack of understanding on how to collaborate. Opportunities of having two Extension programs identified were collaborating on programs, reaching diverse audiences, and the ability to provide more services. Agents provided recommendations of better communication to understanding the partnership and how to partner, clearer job descriptions to prevent duplication and competition, and making the citizens the priority instead of the Extension programs.

By use of interview data, this thesis investigates how two moral points of view, the Conventional and Radical, held by study participants relate to: 1) factors that influence ethics; 2) role models of a self-defined well-lived life; 3) factors that help and hinder participants from living their well-lived life; and, 4) experience of pressures to compromise and freedom to live out their ideals within organizations. A longitudinal analysis is applied comparing participant moral point of view as students, to participant perceptions since entering the workforce as university graduates. The results show differences and similarities within the four areas of interest based on moral point of view. The implications of finding differences in participant perceptions based on moral point of view are discussed, and areas for future research are offered. / October 2006

Acquisition of 3D model of real objects and scenes is indispensable and useful in many practical applications, such as digital archives, game and entertainment industries, engineering, advertisement. There are 2 main methods for 3D acquisition : laser-based reconstruction (active method) and image-based reconstruction from multiple images of the scene in different points of view (passive method). While laser-based reconstruction achieves high accuracy, it is complex, expensive and difficult to set up for large-scale outdoor reconstruction. Image-based, or multi-view stereo methods are more versatile, easier, faster and cheaper. By the time we begin this thesis, most multi-view methods could handle only low resolution images under controlled environment. This thesis targets multi-view stereo both both in large scale and high accuracy issues. We significantly improve some previous methods and combine them into a remarkably effective multi-view pipeline with GPU acceleration. From high-resolution images, we produce highly complete and accurate meshes that achieve best scores in many international recognized benchmarks. Aiming even larger scale, on one hand, we develop Divide and Conquer approaches in order to reconstruct many small parts of a big scene. On the other hand, to combine separate partial results, we create a new merging method, which can merge automatically and quickly hundreds of meshes. With all these components, we are successful to reconstruct highly accurate water-tight meshes for cities and historical monuments from large collections of high-resolution images (around 1600 images of 5 M Pixel images)

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Goytisolo es una figura clave de la literatura española del siglo XX. Conoce bien a los árabes y su cultura. La imagen del árabe es vista desde occidente a través de una larga serie de esterotipos. Goytisolo defiende la ola de violencia que condujo al mundo árabe a sentarse en el banquillo de los acusados, como responsable de todos los males. Goytisolo ataca a los occidentales que ignoran que su historia no les da derecho a aconsejar a nadie. Y opina que la visión actual sobre el Islam cae en una serie de errores de perspectiva, debido al traslado mecánico de conceptos propios a un campo cultural ajeno. La sencillez del credo islámico aclara la unión del interior y la difusión constante a lo largo de catorce siglos. El gran Yihad para el creyente no es más que una lucha interna contra su propio egoismo. Es el deseo de cambiar el mundo. / Goytisolo is a key figure in 20th century spanish literature. He exhibits a sound knowledge of the Arabs and their culture. Arabs, whose lives seem to be less worthy than other peoples, are contemplated through a long series of stereotypes. Goytisolo defends the wave of violence which led the Arab world to be accused of all the evil. He reminds western countries of some of the cruellest episodes in human history. He goes on to suggest that some views on Islam are wrong, since they depart from ideas and values which are inherently western and cannot be easily translated anywhere else. The simple message of Islamic beliefs makes it easy to understand the strong bonds among Muslims and the spread of the cult thoughout fourteen centuries. The great "Yihad" means to Muslim believers an inner struggle against their own selfishness. It is a wish to change the world.

This thesis in an invistigation into the concept of "harm" and its moral relevance. A common view is that an analysis of harm should include a counterfactual condition: an act harms a person iff it makes that person worse off. A common objection to the moral relevance of harm, thus understood, is the non-identity problem. This thesis criticises the counterfactual condition, argues for an alternative analysis and that harm plays two important normative roles. The main ground for rejecting the counterfactual condition is that it has unacceptable consequences in cases of overdetermination and pre-emption. Several modifications to the condition are considered but all fail to solve this problem. According to the alternative analysis to do harm is to perform an act which (1) is responsible for the obtaining of a state of affairs which (2) makes a person’s life go worse. It is argued that (1) should be understood in terms of counterfactual dependence. This claim is defended against counterexamples based on redundant causation. An analysis of (2) is also provided using the notion of a well-being function. It is argued that by introducing this notion it is possible to analyse contributive value without making use of counterfactual comparisons and to solve the non-identity problem. Regarding the normative importance of harm, a popular intuition is that there is an asymmetry in our obligations to future people: that a person would have a life worth living were she to exist is not a reason in favour of creating that person while that a person would have a life not worth living is a reason against creating that person. It is argued that the asymmetry can be classified as a moral option grounded in autonomy. Central to this defence is the suggestion that harm is relevant to understanding autonomy. Autonomy involves partly the freedom to pursue one’s own aims as long as one does no harm.

Aims of this thesis is to discuss and try to found out the requested competencies for leaders during crisis