This thesis deals with analysis of EU rules on entry and residence on the territory of Member States. These rules are described from the perspective of different groups of people, EU citizens, citizens of EFTA Member States, family members or citizens of Turkey, and also from the perspective of Member States participating in the Schengen Border Area and Member States outside this Area. The core of this thesis consist is the analysis of four key EU rules in this field, namely the Border Code (Regulation 562/2002), the Visa Code (Regulation 810/2009), the 539/2001 Regulation and the 2004/38 Directive, as well as relevant case law of the Court of Justice, that influences the interpretation of the rules in hand significantly. The rules are also assessed from the point of view of principles of legal certainty and legitimacy.

The goal of the thesis is to analyze chosen electronic payment systems. The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is dedicated to cover types of electronic payment system. Also is devoted to the issues of certain legal aspects that are common to all payment systems; defines the necessary concepts and business entities commonly encountered in the payment processing environment. Practical part focuses on the evaluation of usability, safety and usefulness for merchants mainly working with credit cards and particularly with alternative payment system like PayPal, iDEAL, Sofortbanking and Webmoney. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of certain payment systems. Describes the practical applicability of PCI DSS and 3-D Secure protocol.

This thesis analyzes the ignored humanitarian concerns in the development of the EU Asylum Policy. As a result of the strict migration control concerns, EU has engaged in forming a new regional refugee protection system which is tacitly based on limiting the access of protection seekers to the EU territories. In that context, the thesis aims to assess the scope and impact of the externalizing tendencies in the EU asylum policy development and thereby aims to attract the attention to the contradiction that EU falls in its human rights and refugee protection commitments while trying to prevent refugees from arriving to the Union&rsquo / s territories. To this aim, after giving a general account of the development of EU Asylum competence, the thesis will extensively deal with the pre-entry and the post-entry access prevention measures which act to serve to this access prevention strategy. Under pre-entry access prevention measures, the thesis will deal with the visa requirement, carrier sanctions and other complementary tools which prevent the protection seekers from ever arriving at the EU territory. Under the post-entry access prevention mechanisms the thesis will analyze the &lsquo / safe third country&rsquo / and &lsquo / host third country&rsquo / implementations and readmission agreements which aim to divert the protections seekers summarily out of the EU territories. In analyzing these policies, the thesis will try to demonstrate how EU Member States try to shirk their non-refoulment obligation, which is the heart of the refugee protection regime, through applying legitimate deemed means.

This thesis contains design of beamforming network designed for passive radar antennas. The first part contains theory of passive radars and beamforming networks. The next part implies design of beamforming network at the block digram level. Then are choosed circuits for amplitude and phase control, including the design of control communication. It follows by realization of IQ phase shifter and his automatic measurement. Based on this results is phase shifter adjusted and PCB of 2x2 beamforming network is designed. Last part includes design of control application (Matlab) and control program for STM32F407VG microcontroller.

The diploma thesis deals with the Special Work Visa (SWV) as a tool to solve the problem of the shortage of unskilled workers in agriculture, forestry and food labor market in the Czech Republic. This instrument of economic migration came into effect in December 2019 under the Czech Government regulation No. 291/1999 on special work visas for citizens of Ukraine working in agriculture, food or forestry. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to compare the practice with the newly introduced SWV with its intention - getting foreign workers into the country in a faster and easier way. The next goal of the thesis is to analyze the formation and conditions of obtaining a Special Work Visa. The third goal is to find out how was labor migration developing after 1989 and the third one is to discover the current trends of employment policy for foreigners in the Czech Republic. The thesis uses primary and secondary data and uses the dual labor market theory which explains the reasons for labor migration. The research part draws on semi-structured expert interviews. The work first analyzes the problem of labor shortages in the Czech labor market and deals with the establishment of Special Work Visa. It further analyzes in detail the goal, conditions, criteria and procedure of the SWV acquisition process....

No description available.

L'Algérie et la Chine figurent toutes deux sur la liste, commune aux États membres de l'Union européenne (UE), des nationalités soumises à l'obligation de visa Schengen pour voyager à destination d'un ou plusieurs pays européens. En Chine, plus de 95% des visas demandés sont délivrés par les consulats des pays Schengen, mais en Algérie, près d'un dossier sur deux est refusé. Partant d'un tel écart, la thèse interroge le visa Schengen comme l'instrument d'une mobilité à deux vitesses. Ce faisant, elle propose de questionner la production, la légitimation et l'éventuelle contestation de la répartition inégale de la liberté à se déplacer. D'un point de vue théorique, la thèse s'appuie sur l'approche de l'instrumentation, qui conduit à décomposer l'analyse du visa Schengen en quatre niveaux (communautaire, politico-diplomatique, bureaucratique, public). D'un point de vue méthodologique, cette recherche articule deux enquêtes de terrain auprès des consulats français d'Alger et Beijing, et une série d'entretiens menés avec les décideur∙ses français∙es et européen∙nes entre Bruxelles, Paris et Nantes. Tout d'abord, la thèse souligne que le visa Schengen comprend, dès sa négociation par les acteurs européens, des conceptions antagonistes de la mobilité, orientées vers la lutte contre l'immigration irrégulière, mais aussi vers des considérations économiques ou encore d'ordre diplomatique. Ensuite, les fonctions de régulation du visa Schengen sont redéfinies au cas par cas. Dans le cas de l'Algérie, la rareté du visa se comprend à la lumière de la relation postcoloniale avec la France, qui adopte dans ce pays tiers une « politique du robinet des visas », où le verrouillage de l'accès à la mobilité coexiste avec des facilitations soit exceptionnelles, soit réservées aux élites. En Chine, on assiste à l'inverse à une mise à l'agenda du visa au service de l'attractivité touristique. À Beijing, les consulats européens se disputent les parts du marché global des demandeur∙ses de visa chinois∙es, cadré∙es comme touristes dépensier∙es dont il faut faciliter la mobilité. Cette politique du chiffre crée alors une dissonance chez les agent∙es visa, socialisé∙es à l'impératif de lutte contre le « risque migratoire ». Enfin, la thèse met en évidence, à travers l'immersion ethnographique dans chaque terrain, que les bureaucrates et les demandeur∙ses de visa détiennent un pouvoir discrétionnaire, leur permettant de renégocier, selon des dispositions organisationnelles et individuelles, la distribution de la mobilité. À la lumière de ces différents résultats, la thèse permet d’établir que la régulation de la mobilité à plusieurs vitesses par le régime de visa Schengen se joue à plusieurs échelons : entre pays exemptés et ceux obligés ; entre pays de la liste négative ciblés par des logiques différentes, et entre ressortissant∙es d'une même nationalité. Cet instrument donne donc à voir une production complexe des inégalités de mobilité globales et infranationales, créant des lignes de démarcation entre désirables et indésirables. / Algeria and China both feature on the European Union's (EU) list of third country nationals that are subjected to Schengen visa requirements for short-term travel to one or more European countries. In China, over 95% of visa applications are accepted, while in Algeria, almost one out of two visa applications are refused. To understand this discrepancy, the thesis examines the Schengen visa as the instrument of a two-tier mobility. Hence, this research, analyses the production, legitimation, and possible contestation of the unequal distribution of mobility. The theoretical framework of the dissertation relies on the approach of instrumentation, which leads to investigate four levels of analysis of Schengen visa policy (EU policymaking; bilateral migration diplomacy; implementation by bureaucrats and appropriation by applicants). The methodological approach rests on multisite fieldwork, including ethnographic observation of Schengen visa policy implementation by French consulates in Algiers and Beijing, and a series of interviews conducted with French and European decision-makers in Brussels, Paris, and Nantes. Firstly, the thesis highlights that, from the EU policy-making process onwards, the Schengen visa embodies antagonistic conceptions of the regulation of mobility: it seeks to curb irregular immigration, but also to promote economic growth and foster diplomatic relationships. As a result, the Schengen visa policy is a regime of compromise, entailing a contingent and random distribution of mobility. Then, the instrument and its functions are redefined on a case-by-case basis. In the case of Algeria, French consulates implement a restrictive visa policy. The Schengen visa primarily serves an immigration-reducing function from the former colony. The "locking policy" coexists with exceptional facilitations for elites only, which make the visa a rarity. By contrast, the case of China reveals the agenda-setting of a policy focused on tourism attractiveness. In Beijing, European consulates compete for the global market share of Chinese visa applicants, framed as “big-spender”-type tourists whose mobility must be facilitated. This run for attractiveness engenders a dissonance among consular agents, since they are conditioned to the fight against "migratory risk". Eventually, ethnographic immersion enables to emphasize that in both cases, bureaucrats and applicants all hold a discretionary power. It allows them to proceed to organisational and individual arrangements, which renegotiate the distribution of access to mobility. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that the regulation of multi-speed mobility by the Schengen visa regime is played out at several levels: between exempt and obliged countries; between countries on the negative list targeted by different logics, and between nationals of the same third country. In brief, his research reveals how one single instrument can assume very antagonistic regulatory functions. Schengen visa policies thus structure an unequal mobility regime, creating global and social demarcation between desirable and undesirable foreigners.

This theses focuses on the issue of study of foreigners from formal Soviet Union in the Czech Republic. The goal of this work is to analyse and evaluate steps on the student's journey from initial idea to study in the Czech Republic, through main obstacles that need to be overcome in the process to basic requirements and necessities that need to be fulfilled. These issues were analyzed in eight connected chapters, six theoretical and two practical. Results of the practical part uncover the most problematic areas a foreign student encounters during the study at the college in the Czech Republic. The paper also includes suggested solutions to these problems.

Datum: 26:e juni 2019 Nivå: C-uppsats, i företagsekonomi, specialisering marknadsföring. Institution: Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle - Luleå Tekniska Universitet Författare: Sara Bohlin Handledare: Maria Ek Styvén Titel: Fördelar och nackdelar med att konsumera secondhandkläder Nyckelord: Secondhandkläder, secondhand, traditionellt tillverkade kläder, kläder, miljömedvetenhet, prismedvetenhet, behov av att vara unik, modeintresse, behov av att visa status upplevelse av ofräschhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för konsumenters drivkrafter när det gäller att köpa eller inte köpa secondhandkläder. Metod: Deduktiv studie med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångsätt som genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Slutsatserna som drogs efter intervjuerna var att de vanligaste anledningarna till att köpa secondhandkläder var miljömedvetenhet, prismedvetenhet och modeintresse. De av de intervjuade som köpte mycket secondhandkläder utryckte alla på något sätt att de också hade ett behov av att ha en unik stil. Den vanligaste anledningen till att inte köpa secondhandkläder var modeintresse. Detta visade sig genom att de flesta av de intervjuade som köpte få eller inga kläder på secondhand också svarade att de var intresserade av mode. / Date: June 26, 2019 Level: C-uppsats, thesis in business Administration, Specialization Marketing Institution: Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences - Luleå University of Technology Author: Sara Bohlin Title: Advantages and disadvantages of consuming second-hand clothes Tutor: Maria Ek Styvén Key words: Second-hand clothes, second-hand, traditionally made clothes, clothes, environmentalism, price sensitivity, need for uniqueness, fashion involvement, need for status, perception of contamination. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to better understand what, motivates consumers to buy or not to buy second-hand clothes. Method: A deductive study with a qualitative approach that was implemented using semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: The conclusions drawn after the interviews were that the most common reasons for buying second-hand clothes were environmentalism, price sensitivity and fashion involvement. Those of the interviewed who bought a lot of second-hand clothes all expressed in some way that they also had a need to have a unique style. The most common reason for not buying second-hand clothes was fashion involvement. This was shown by the fact that most of the interviewees who bought few or no clothes on second-hand, also replied that they were interested in fashion.

邁入21世紀，許多環境趨勢與變動如全球化浪潮、時基競爭、快速回應的壓力等，使現代組織面臨另一波的典範轉移。面對如此動盪的環境，近年來一些組織為了得以快速地感知與因應環境變動，開始由單一組織的營運活動逐漸轉變為「跨組織」、甚至「跨產業」的連結與互動，透過組織間價值利益交換與共同演化，產生高度的適應性與多樣性，得以與複雜不確定的動盪環境共存。組織間連結關係的普遍，使得學術界與實務界開始將關於企業競爭力的探討，由組織內在能力之強調轉移至與組織生存攸關之外部資源的管理上。而對於企業來說，發展的關鍵就是如何與其他企業相互協調、將資源集中起來為消費者創造價值。 本研究從複雜適應系統(Complex Adaptive Systems)角度出發，試圖剖析一「組織間連結」群體之現有樣貌與未來可能樣貌。本研究首先針對相關文獻、研究進行整理，由系統觀點找出複雜適應系統的組織發展光譜，並提出其中商業生態系統(Business Ecosystem)與混序式組織(Chaordic Organization)兩個組織類型將座落於此組織發展光譜之兩端，而混序式組織將可視為一複雜適應系統的最終理想境界，如同相關文獻所述。 本研究更進一步針對兩種組織類型內涵進行解構，並佐以現行個案：台積電公司與Visa國際組織進行實例驗證，歸納出「生態型」與「混序型」兩種經營模式，並於共同特徵與對稱差異分析下，得出以下結論與管理意涵： 1)未來動盪環境之下，組織協議力量(protocal)將取代傳統控制力量，促成網絡內部之複雜與多樣性；2) 協議力量下，未來組織之創新將發生在價值活動的任何一端，屬「激發創新」；3) 面對動盪環境，組織複雜與適應性的建立，將會是不斷重複且持續循環的任務與挑戰。