Bakgrund: Under covid-19 pandemin infördes besöksrestriktioner som försvårade den familjecentrerade vården. Restriktionerna bidrog till att familjemedlemmar distanserades från vårdenheter vilket gjorde det svårt att involvera dem i vårdsammanhang. Då sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll inom den familjecentrerade vården så är sjuksköterskors upplevelser av denna förändring av vikt att undersöka. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av hur den familjecentrerade vården påverkades av besöksrestriktioner under covid-19. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats som baserades på tio artiklar med kvalitativ metod och tre artiklar med mixad metod. Resultatartiklarna analyserades och bearbetades enligt Popenoe et al (2021) modell. Resultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna upplevde att den familjecentrerade vården påverkades av besöksrestriktionerna under covid-19 pandemin både när det gäller kommunikation, upplevelse av delaktighet och stöd till patienter och deras familjer samt resursbrist. Sjuksköterskor upplevde dessutom att de personligen ofta kände skuld och hamnade i etiska dilemman på grund av situationer under pandemin. Konklusion: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade att besöksrestriktionerna som covid-19 medförde påverkade den familjecentrerade vården negativt. Då familjecentrerad vård har visats förbättra patientsäkerheten och vårdkvaliteten, är mer forskning inom området relevant, då det kan leda till bättre förutsättningar för varje patient att hantera, genomgå och återhämta sig från sjukdom. / Background: During the covid-19 pandemic, visiting restrictions were introduced which made family-centered care more difficult. The restrictions contributed to distancing family members from care units, which made it difficult to involve them in the care context. Since nurses have an important role in family-centered care, nurses’ experiences of this change are important to investigate. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate nurses’ experiences of how family-centered care was affected by visiting restrictions during covid-19. Method: A general literature study with an inductive approach that was based on ten articles with a qualitative method and three articles with a mixed method. The resulting articles were analyzed and processed according to Popenoe et al. (2021) model. Results: The result showed that the nurses felt that the family-centered care was affected by the visiting restrictions during the covid-19 pandemic, both in terms of communication, experience of participation, support for patients and their families and lack of resources. Nurses also experienced that they personally often felt guilty and ended up in ethical dilemmas due to situations during the pandemic. Conclusion: The result of the literature study shows that visiting restrictions caused by covid-19 negatively affected family-centered care. Family-centered care has been shown to improve patient safety and quality of care, more research in the area is relevant, as it can lead to better conditions for each patient to manage, undergo and recover from illness.

The current study is an empirical study of preference for campus open space around the drill field on Mississippi State University (MSU) campus. 83 students at Mississippi State University were selected as research objects. Based on the literature review, a research process was designed to employ VEP, content analysis and multivariate analysis---Biplot to explore the interested research problems. The study identified two most preferred landscape scene types - "Legibility" and "Coherence" using Kaplan?s "information processing model". A statistical analysis tool for multivariate analysis-Biplot was used to reveal the landscape preference patterns for campus open space as well as how certain landscape features can contribute these patterns. The study found factors such as gender, educational and cultural background can heavily affect these patterns. The result indicated that "vegetations" including tree, seasonal flowers and open grassland, were the most preferred landscape feature on campus open space. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed and some recommendations for future landscape preference study were provided.

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Several studies in the field of outdoor recreation management and planning have used computer simulation modeling to demonstrate its utility as a tool to help managers monitor encounters and similar visitor use-related indicators of quality. However, previous applications of computer simulation modeling to outdoor recreation planning and management have generally done little to assess the reliability, or precision, of model estimates. The purpose of this research is to explore several questions concerning the reliability of computer simulation model estimates for monitoring wilderness solitude-related indicators of quality. In particular, can reliable estimates of solitude-related indicators be generated for low use recreation environments, such as backcountry and wilderness areas? Is there a spatial component to questions about the reliability of computer simulation estimates for low use visitor landscapes? The research presented in this thesis examines the reliability of computer simulation estimates of wilderness solitude indicators that account for the timing and location of hiking and camping encounters in the backcountry of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This study was designed to model visitor use and inter-group encounters in the Cosby and Big Creek areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which are located within the park's proposed wilderness area. Two primary types of information about visitor use in the study area were collected to construct the computer simulation model in this study. First, information was gathered about the amount of visitation to the study area; second, information was collected about visitors' travel routes within the study area. Three alternative methods were used to estimate the number of replications needed to obtain desired levels of precision for the visitor-based and spatially based computer simulation model outputs. The results suggest that computer simulation models of visitor use can generate precise estimates for a small to moderate number of visitor-based and spatially-based outputs. However, there are constraints to generating precise estimates of use-related outputs as the number of outputs estimated simultaneously becomes large. This challenge is particularly pronounced in cases where at least some of the outputs are derived for low use attractions, trails, or camping locations. / Master of Science

This article examines how presence and participation in contemporary installation art is reconfigured in online documentation. Considering documentation as an essential component of the art experience, it discusses its ramifications from an artistic as well as an institutional perspective. Using internationally renowned installation artist Olafur Eliasson as example, the article focuses on the documentation of his large-scale installation works in the ongoing art project “Your Uncertain Archive” (https://olafureliasson.net/uncertain). This online archive gathers Eliasson’s artistic output in one (virtual) place, using various techniques to capture and expand on the original on-site art experience. Special attention is devoted to the video documentation of the recent exhibition Life (Fondation Beyeler, 2021), which uses subjective shots, masking and optical filters in order to make the claims of the exhibition more accessible to online audiences.

L’étude proposée dans ce mémoire porte sur le processus de visite des adolescents de 14-16 ans au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal. Je mobilise principalement les concepts de « médiateurs » et « médiations », entendus selon la définition proposée par Hennion (1988, 2000). En effet, Hennion propose de voir la médiation non comme un pont entre deux entités, vision commune de la médiation, mais comme un processus en construction. Ainsi, le médiateur est un élément qui va capter l’attention du jeune visiteur et la médiation est l’action qui va se développer dans cette relation médiateur-visiteur. L’analyse vise plus particulièrement à identifier les médiateurs qui agissent durant cette visite et à comprendre les médiations qui se mettent en place. Cette étude a été réalisée au moyen d’entrevues semi-structurées et d’observations participantes, auprès de six adolescents, âgés de 14 à 16 ans. Une première entrevue permettait de connaître les antécédents de ces jeunes à l’égard des musées et de comprendre suite à quelles mises en condition ils se rendaient à l’exposition. Une observation, par groupe de deux participants, a ensuite été menée lors de l’exposition du Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal : Il était une fois l’impressionnisme. Une histoire de l’impressionnisme : chefs-d’œuvre de la peinture française du Clark. Ces observations ont permis de repérer les moments qui ont capté l’attention des participants durant leur visite. Enfin, une seconde entrevue a été l’occasion de revenir sur leur expérience de visite et de dégager les médiations qui se sont mises en place. Sur les bases de ce terrain, ce mémoire met en avant un ensemble de médiateurs (les autres visiteurs, l’environnement physique, l’œuvre et le récit) et de médiations (rêver, comprendre, se projeter, admirer, comparer et refuser) qui se sont développées chez ces adolescents. Suite à cela, ce mémoire propose une explication du processus de visite tel qu’analysé chez ces adolescents à travers la représentation de la « spirale coquillage ». Cette représentation souligne le fait que le processus de visite n’est pas un phénomène linéaire mais se fait par la confrontation des antécédents de l’adolescent avec sa nouvelle expérience de visite. Il s’agit donc d’un processus circulaire qui se base sur ses antécédents pour construire progressivement de nouvelles strates, qui conditionneront ses prochaines expériences au musée. / The study presented in this thesis focuses on the visiting process of teenagers from 14 to 16 years old at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. I am principally drawing on concepts of “mediators” and “mediations”, following the definition given by Hennion (1988, 2000). Indeed, Hennion suggests that mediation should not be seen as a bridge between two entities, which is the common vision of mediation, but rather as a process under construction. Thus, the mediator is an element that will capture the young visitor's attention and mediation is the action that will develop in this mediator-visitor relationship. The analysis more specifically aims to identify the mediators acting during this visit and to understand the mediations that get constituted. This study was conducted with six teenagers between 14 and 16 years old. A first interview enabled me to become acquainted with the background of the young visitors regarding museums, and to understand in which conditions they were going to the exhibit. An observation, done in binomial groups, was then carried out during Once upon a time Impressionism. A story of impressionism: great French paintings from the Clark, the exhibit held at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. These observations allowed me to spot the moments that attracted the teenagers' attention during the visit. Finally, a second interview gave the opportunity to go over their visiting experience and to bring out the mediations that occurred. On the basis of this fieldwork, this thesis foregrounds a set of mediators (the other visitors, the environment, the works and stories) and mediations (dreaming, understanding, planning, admiring, comparing and refusing) that teenagers have developed. Following this, the thesis offers an explanation of the visiting process as analyzed with these teenagers through the representation of the “shell spiral''. This representation emphasizes the fact that the visiting process is not a linear phenomenon, but is created through the confrontation of the teenager's background with his new visiting experience. It is thus a circular process that relies on the teenager's background to progressively build new strata that will condition his future museum experiences.

De nos jours, nombre de villes ont développé leur propre festival. Un festival est un événement qui transforme la ville et constitue un atout qui contribue à la distinguer. Dans cette situation, l’analyse d’une ville ne peut ainsi faire abstraction de l’événement festivalier et de la relation qui l’unit à la société de la ville. Cette relation est examinée à partir de la notion de festivalisation et conduit à envisager conjointement deux points de vue, celui des habitants et celui des visiteurs. On analyse ainsi ce qui se passe autour des habitants qui vivent au rythme du festival et autour des visiteurs, à la fois pendant le festival et pendant le reste de l’année. A travers ces points de vue dits « endogène » et « exogène », la festivalisation amène à se poser la question du « rassemblement » au niveau international à l’ère du numérique en privilégiant l’approche de l’anthropologie de la communication. Dans cette thèse, on analyse la festivalisation en s’appuyant sur la société avignonnaise : le Festival d’Avignon, les Avignonnais et les visiteurs asiatiques avec, en miroir, le Festival d’Édimbourg et les Écossais. / Nowadays many towns have developed their own festival. A festival is an event that transforms the town and establishes an asset which goes towards distinguishing it from others. In this situation the analysis of a town cannot ignore the festival event and the relationship which links it to the community of the town. This relationship is examined from the notion of festivalisation and brings about the consideration of two points of view simultaneously, that of the inhabitants and that of the visitors. We thus analyse what happens around the inhabitants who live to the rhythm of the festival and around the visitors, both during the festival and throughout the rest of the year. Through these points of view called « endogenous » and « exogenous », festivalisation leads us to ask the question of « gathering » on an international level in the digital era, favouring the approach of the anthropology of communication. In this dissertation, we are analysing festivalisation based on the community of Avignon : the Avignon Festival, the inhabitants and Asian visitors, in comparison with the Festival of Edinburgh and the Scots.

Les recherches multiculturelles en management prévalent sur les organisations à but lucratif, tandis que les études interculturelles sur les zones naturelles protégées constituent encore un domaine relativement peu exploité. Cette thèse propose des modèles interculturels adaptés (issus du modèle existant de Hofstede, complétés des concepts appartenant aux domaines du marketing et du management) pour l’analyse de la gestion de parcs et des expériences des visiteurs vécues au sein des parcs naturels européens (protégés). Parmi les différentes méthodes utilisées, les plus pertinentes s’avèrent être la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des dirigeants de parcs et l’enquête effectuée auprès des visiteurs, tandis que l’analyse de documents et les observations complètent nos résultats. À partir de nos analyses sur la gestion des parcs, les parties prenantes, les activités outdoor et les expériences des visiteurs, nous concluons que les différences culturelles influencent à la fois la gestion du parc et les expériences des visiteurs, mais d’une façon distincte. Bien que les différences culturelles soient constatées entre les visiteurs français et hongrois, leurs modes de consommation montrent des signes de facteurs internationaux/globaux, tandis que le choix des activités physiques et des caractéristiques démographiques s’avèrent également façonner les expériences des visiteurs. Les opérations et les directions de la gestion des parcs ont également confirmé être influencées par les différences culturelles dans une plus large mesure, bien qu’elles soient aussi déterminées par les caractéristiques géographiques des sites naturels. Cependant, les considérations managériales sont aussi liées au comportement du visiteur, au contexte législatif et aux caractéristiques géographiques du site. / Cross-cultural investigations in management prevail over those on for-profit organizations, while intercultural studies on protected natural areas is a relatively untapped field of research. This thesis proposes cross-cultural models (adapted from the existing model of Hofstede, along with marketing and management concepts) for the analysis of the park management and visitor experiences at (protected) European natural parks. Among the various methods used, the most relevant were the semi-directed interviews with actors of the park management and the visitor survey, while document analysis and observations also completed our findings. Using our analysis of the park management, stakeholders, physical activities, and visitor experiences, we concluded, that cultural differences influence both the park management and visitor experiences, though, in different ways. While cultural differences were found between the French and Hungarian visitors, their recreational consumption patterns show signs of international/global considerations, whereas the choice of physical activities and demographic characteristics also proved to shape visitor experiences. In turn, operations and directions of park management were confirmed to be affected by cultural differences to a larger extent, while these were also influenced by the geographical characteristics of the natural sites. However, managerial considerations were found to be interrelated with the visitors’ behavior, the legislative background and the geographical features of the area.

Visitor use in parks and protected areas inevitably leads to resource impacts. In order to effectively manage for resource impacts, it is important for managers to not only understand ecological aspects of their system but sociological aspects as well. The two papers presented in this thesis used integrated approaches to better understand the current level of resource impacts within the Bear Lake Road Corridor of Rocky Mountain National Park and to explore visitor perceptions of these impacts. The first paper used traditional monitoring and assessment techniques, as well as recently developed methodologies, to determine the current level of resource impacts and examine areas for potential future resource change. Findings showed that there is significant impact in the trail system, particularly at popular hiking destinations. At two of these popular hiking destinations, with current use levels, there is potential for future resource change. Integration with measures of social norms showed that visitors are frequently experiencing resource conditions within the Bear Lake Road Corridor that are considered unacceptable.