Viele Kirchenbauten erweisen sich als beliebte touristische Stätten. Dazu gehören Wallfahrtskirchen ebenso wie Kirchen, die als kulturtouristische Attraktionen bestechen und/oder an gut frequentierten touristischen Wegen liegen. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum kirchentouristischen Angebot fokussieren auf bestimmte touristische bzw. tourismusrelevante Angebotsleistungen (z.B. Kirchenführungen), lassen jedoch umfassende angebotstheoretische Ansätze vermissen. Auf der touristischen Nachfrageseite liegt eine Vielzahl von Publikationen zu Besuchsmotiven und Erlebnissen von Kirchentouristen vor. Hingegen ist nur wenig über Werteinstellungen touristischer Kirchenbesucher gegenüber den von ihnen besuchten Stätten bekannt. Die vorliegende Dissertation kategorisiert aus tourismusökonomischer Perspektive heraus die typischen Leistungsbestandteile einer Kirche in ihrer Funktion als touristische Attraktion, identifiziert die von touristischen Kirchenbesuchern zugeschriebenen Werteattribute und entwickelt ein Modell von Kirchenbauten als touristischen Leistungs- und Wertebündeln (bzw. wertebasierten Tourismusprodukten). Auch beleuchtet die Arbeit individuelle Zahlungsbereitschaften im Kirchentourismus, die sowohl als monetäre Bewertungsinstrumente für Werteattribute von Kirchenbauten fungieren als auch die Akzeptanz besucherbezogener Finanzierungsinstrumente (z.B. Eintrittsgelder, Besucherspenden) zum (Unt)Erhalt von Kirchenbauten widerspiegeln. Im Rahmen einer empirischen Fallstudie zu drei ausgewählten Kirchenbauten in Sachsen erfolgt eine Analyse monetärer wie nicht-monetärer Wertekategorien hinsichtlich ihrer Ausprägungen bei touristischen Besuchern. Im Zuge einer Clusterzentrenanalyse ergeben sich mehrere Besuchertypen mit charakteristischen Wertemustern. Die Fallstudie zeigt auf, dass für die überwiegende Anzahl der Kirchentouristen nicht nur unmittelbare nutzungsbezogene Nutzenwerte von Kirchenbauten von Belang sind, sondern auch Werteattribute, die über die punktuelle touristische Nutzung hinausgehen und auf den Erhalt der betreffenden Kirchenbauten abzielen („Erhaltungswerte“). Die vorliegende Arbeit plädiert für den Einbezug von Nutzungs- als auch Erhaltungswerten in die touristische Angebots- und Kommunikationspolitik. Damit liefert sie einen Ansatz für ein wertebasiertes Attraktionsmanagement von Kirchenbauten und anderen (religiös-)kulturellen Tourismusattraktionen.

This study focuses on the attitudes of museumgoers toward the exhibition of human remains in modern Swedish museums. More specifically, it deals with how their attitudes toward remains are shaped and informed by museums’ materiality and institutionalized authority, whether they think of remains as humans or objects, as well as how these dead bodies ultimately become culturally meaningful to us who are still alive. Through the use of ethnographic field methods including go-along interviews and participant observation, the behaviors and opinions of museumgoers are recorded. With the help of Emmanuel Levinas’ ethical phenomenology and Annemarie Mol’s theory of multiple ontology, the cultural background against which these attitudes have taken shape is examined. The study shows that museumgoers are generally positive toward the exhibition of human remains in museums—an attitude which is influenced by the history, scientific authority, and carefully designed materiality of the museum. Among the perceived benefits of exhibiting human remains, visitors cite the ability of the remains to arouse their curiosity and serve as links to the past, as well as provide material proof that validates the museum’s claims to knowledge. However, this positive attitude is dependent on whether the remains are treated and displayed with respect. This call to treat the dead respectfully can be seen as a universal reaction to the ”face-to-face encounter” as described by Emmanuel Levinas, but at the same time, museumgoers’ interpretation of respect is culturally contingent and heavily influenced by contemporary values such as individuality, scientific objectivity, and equality. Furthermore, the perceived need to treat remains respectfully is directly tied to the perceived humanity of the remains. This is in turn dependent on how close the remains are to us in terms of appearance and temporal distance. By focusing on museumgoers instead of professionals, and through using ethnographic fieldwork to note opinions and their cultural backgrounds, this study attempts to add a fresh perspective and new knowledge to what is currently one of the hottest debates in museology: whether remains even belong in museums. Further, by recognizing that no opinion is formed in a vacuum, the narrow question of displaying death can tell us something bigger about the norms and values of Sweden today.

Over the past several years destination loyalty has begun to take up an increasing amount of focus within the tourism research field. While there are still a number of question marks of its different aspects and true value to the destination, the subject has been described as prioritized. On that account, the purpose of this study has been to seek understanding of how Stockholm relate to this, and how their expressed strategies towards the international market can be understood within a destination loyalty perspective. Furthermore, the DMO Visit Stockholm’s marketing and communication strategies towards foreign followers on digital platforms have been examined. To reach knowledge of this, a document study of Visit Stockholm and Svensk Turism was carried out, whereafter three interviews took place with representatives from these two organizations. Lastly, a netnographic examination was carried out of Visit Stockholm’s official webpage and their accounts on Facebook and Instagram. The results showed that strategies have yet to be expressed formally regarding destination loyalty, but that there is an awareness of the issue and that it most likely will play a bigger role in the future. In addition to that, there have been empirical findings which show that marketing and communication in fact is conducted, which can relate to destination loyalty. A challenge for Stockholm in the future will be to further take advantage of the possibilities that the digital channels offer. An active approach will be required in imposing new relations to followers and visitors, and in the retaining of existing relations. / Under de senaste åren har destinationslojalitet börjat ta upp alltmer fokus inom den turistiska forskningen. Medan det ännu finns kvar flera frågetecken över dess olika aspekter och egentliga värde för destinationen, så har ämnet beskrivits som speciellt prioriterat. Med anledning av det har syftet med denna undersökning varit att söka förståelse för hur Stockholm förhåller sig till detta, och hur deras uttalade strategier mot den internationella marknaden kan förstås utifrån ett destinationslojalitetsperspektiv. Vidare har undersökts hur DMO:n Visit Stockholms faktiska marknadsföring och kommunikation till utländska följare förs på digitala plattformar. För att nå denna kunskap utfördes en dokumentstudie av Visit Stockholm samt Svensk Turism, därefter ägde tre intervjuer rum med representanter från dessa två organisationer. Till sist utfördes även en netnografisk undersökning av Visit Stockholms officiella hemsida, samt deras konton på Facebook och Instagram. Resultaten visade att det ej i dagsläget finns några uttalade formella strategier kring destinationslojalitet, men att det finns en medvenhet kring frågan och att det troligtvis kommer att bli mer aktuellt i framtiden. Utöver detta har empiriska fynd gjorts som visar på att det faktiskt förs marknadsföring och kommunikation på sociala medier som kan kopplas till destinationslojalitet. En utmaning för Stockholm inför framtiden blir att ytterligare ta till vara på de möjligheter som de digitala kanalerna kan erbjuda. Ett aktivt arbete kommer att krävas inför skapandet av nya relationer till följare och besökare, samt bibehållandet av existerande relationer.

Naturvårdsverkets koncept naturum är ett besökscentrum i naturen och syftar till att vara en port till naturen. Detta för skapa ett fortsatt intresse i att bevara den svenska naturen. Naturumen är också en viktig del av Naturvårdsverkets arbete att göra naturen mer tillgänglig för människor och en del av att synliggöra naturen, dess värde och samtidigt locka fler människor att utforska och upptäcka naturen. Flera kommuner har på eget initiativ skapat naturum och ytterligare kommuner är intresserade av konceptet, dock är betydelsen för kommunerna de är placerade i ett outforskat område. Därför har denna explorativa studie genomfört en kartläggning av tidigare erfarenheter av naturumens betydelse, och applicerats i Tyresö kommun, för att bidra till en ökad förståelse kring betydelsen av Naturvårdsverkets koncept naturum. Kartläggningen av erfarenheter är insamlat via intervjuer med flera aktörer som Naturvårdsverket, Länsstyrelsen Stockholm, stiftelsen Tyrestaskogen och kommuner med naturum tillsammans med ett frågeformulär utskickat till naturumföreståndarna. De tidigare erfarenheterna visar att naturum har en stor betydelse för kommunerna och har många olika funktioner utöver att vara en port till naturen. Dessa sträcker sig från kunskapsspridande och besöksmål, till social mötesplats, symbol för kommunen och en resurs för utbildningsverksamhet. I uppsatsen konstateras att det finns stora möjligheter för Tyresö att uppnå dessa funktioner genom ett naturum och att det väl knyter an till flera av Tyresös kommuns existerade mål. Uppsatsen avslutas med vidare rekommendationer för Tyresö kommun kring deras arbete med ett potentiellt naturum i kommunen. / The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency concept naturum is a visitor center aimed at being a gateway to nature. It also aims at creating a continuing interest in preserving the Swedish nature. Naturum is also an important part of the Environmental Protection Agency's efforts to make nature more accessible to people and it is also aims at visualizing nature, its value and at the same time attract more people to explore and discover nature. Several municipalities have on their own initiative created naturum and there are several others that are interested in the concept, however the impacts of naturum towards the municipalities they are located in is an unexplored field of research. Therefore, this exploratory study conducted an examination of previous experiences of naturums impacts applied in Tyresö municipality to contribute to an increased understanding of the importance of the Environmental Protection Agency concept. The examination of experiences were collected through interviews with several actors as the Environmental Protection Agency, County Administrative Board of Stockholm, the foundation Tyrestaskogen and municipalities together with a questionnaire sent out to the head of all the naturum in Sweden. The previous experience shows that naturum has a great importance for municipalities and has many functions in addition to being a gateway to nature. These range from the dissemination of knowledge and tourist attraction to a social meeting place, a symbol of the municipality and a resource for educational purposes. The paper noted that there are numerous opportunities for Tyresö municipality to achieve these functions through a naturum in the municipality and that it links to several of Tyresö municipality existing goals. The paper concludes with recommendations for Tyresö municipality about their future work with a potential naturum in the municipality.

The purpose of this essay is to look at how museums design their activities as tourist destinations through the dissemination of history. In order to research this problem we have posed the following questions: How do museums act in order to animate and interpret history? What does the future hold for the museums? In order to find the answers to these questions we have made a deep-going analysis of the activities of four museums, Nordiska Museet, Etnografiska Museet, Historiska Museet and Naturhistoriska Museet. These museums have been analyzed by means of interviews, observations and the study of documents. Our theoretical perspective is informed by a hermeneutic perspective as well as Foucault´s definition of museums as institutions, and the concept of storytelling. Our conclusions are as follows: Museums have progressed from an Enlightenment ideal to a more post-modern approach, which means that they want to activate the visitors and make them reflect and form their own opinion by presenting different versions of the past that will stimulate imagination. Our belief is that this trend will continue and the museums will become even more oriented towards creative tourism at the same time as they will protect their position as vehicles and creators of knowledge and guardians of the Swedish cultural heritage. Unfortunately a growing centralization of the field is working in the direction of limiting the range of offers and restricting the museums´ potential to offer different versions of the past. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur museer genom förmedlandet av historia formar sin verksamhet som besöksmål. För att få svar på detta har vi ställt oss följande frågor: Hur verkar museerna för att levandegöra och tolka historia? Vad har museerna för framtid? För vår undersökning har vi genomfört en djupgående analys av fyra museers verksamhet, Nordiska museet, Etnografiska museet, Historiska museet samt Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Dessa har analyserats genom intervjuer, observationer samt dokumentstudier. De teoretiska utgångspunkter vi använt oss av är hermeneutik, Foucaults definition av museer som institution samt storytelling. De slutsatser vi kommit fram till är följande: Museerna har utvecklats ifrån ett upplysningsideal till en mer postmodernistisk inriktning där de vill aktivera besökarna till att tänka själva. Museerna arbetar aktivt för att visa fler perspektiv i historieredovisningen och försöker på olika sätt finna nya sätt att aktivera besökarna för att ge en levande bild av det förflutna. I framtiden tror vi att museerna kommer att fortsätta denna utveckling mot att bli mer upplevelseorienterade samtidigt som de värnar om sin unicitet som kunskapsförmedlare och bevarare av vårt gemensamma svenska kulturarv. Tyvärr går utvecklingen mot en ökad centralisering vilket minskar mångfalden av museer samt ger färre möjligheter till fler tolkningar av historien.

The diploma thesis deals with the proposal of new interventions within the area above the underground reservoirs in the area of the Žlutý kopec. Various urban structures, atmospheres and influences of surrounding, natural or urbanistic are encountered in the area. The place is unique for its location near the historic center of Brno, the potential of the green public priesthood within a built-up part of the city with a view of the city's landmark, Spilberk Castle. The aim of the work is to offer a dessign that responds to these impacts and links them in a design that complements existing underground reservoirs. It invites the inhabitants of the city, new visitors or tourists to regenerate body and soul, in the gallery or athletic center in the environment of reservoirs. The programme of the place offers both, the social space through a new cultural and visitor center but also soothing space in the form of a park.

The task was to design a new use for three former underground reservoirs on Žlutý kopec in Brno and its area. The main goal of the pre-diploma project was to define the use of reservoirs, which is reflected in the urban design. Connections, entrances to the area, the use of existing buildings and overall use of the area is part of the urbanism part. The main design itself contains the building of the information and visitor center, which allows access to the oldest and youngest reservoir. The design of the building uses different height levels in the area and connects the street level with the park level.

Mit Hilfe von Öffentlichkeitsarbeit wird die Gesellschaft über fachspezifische Themen informiert und Verständnis für Handlungsnotwendigkeiten, die Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft haben können, aufgebaut. Das Informieren der Gesellschaft über forsttechnische Handlungen im Wald ist ein wichtiger Teil forstlicher Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Die Problematik forsttechnischer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit besteht darin, den richtigen Informationsinhalt zu identifizieren, um die gewünschte Zielgruppe anzusprechen. In der Forschungsarbeit „Forsttechnik kommunizieren“ wird dargestellt, inwiefern die Wahl des Kommunikationsinhaltes einen Einfluss auf die Wirksamkeit der forsttechnischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit hat. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist ein Kommunikationsprozess, dessen Zustandekommen bestimmt ist durch den Inhalt der ausgesendeten Information und die Eigenschaften des potentiellen Empfängers, dem Waldbesucher. Bezüglich der emotionalen Einstellung und dem Grundwissen verschiedener Waldbesuchertypen gegenüber Holzerntetechnik sowie deren Interesse an unterschiedlichen forsttechnischen Informationsinhalten und der Wirksamkeit, zielorientierter Öffentlichkeitsarbeit werden sechs Arbeitshypothesen aufgestellt. Diese Hypothesen können durch die Auswertung einer speziell zu diesem Zweck entwickelten Waldbesucherbefragung, die in Form eines teilstrukturierten Interviews mit interaktivem Ansatz durchgeführt wurde, bestätigt werden. Für die Darstellung des Kommunikationsprozesses im Rahmen forsttechnischer Maßnahmen wird in der Arbeit ein Modell entwickelt, welches die für das Zustandekommen des Kommunikationsprozesses entscheidenden Einflussfaktoren, die Eigenschaften des Waldbesuchers, den Informationsinhalt und die Umgebungssituation im Wald, berücksichtigt und die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung nachvollziehbar visualisieren kann. Als wesentliches Ergebnis der Arbeit lässt sich das Interesse des Waldbesuchers an den sechs untersuchten Informationsinhalten Rohstoff Holz, Pfleglichkeit bei der Waldarbeit, Sicherheit der Waldarbeiter, Waldwege, Hightech-Arbeitsplatz und Kosten der Holzernte beschreiben. Das Thema Rohstoff Holz löst das stärkste Interesse der Waldbesucher aus. Die Themen Hightech-Arbeitsplatz und Kosten der Holzernte interessieren den Waldbesucher nicht und sind demzufolge für die forsttechnische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ungeeignet. Es wird detailliert dargestellt, welche Eigenschaften Waldbesucher aufweisen, die Interesse an den untersuchten Informationsinhalten zeigen. Mit den Ergebnissen der Arbeit wird bestätigt, dass durch die Wahl des richtigen Informationsinhaltes zielgruppenorientierte Öffentlichkeitsarbeit durchgeführt und hierdurch die Wirksamkeit dieses Kommunikationsprozesses verbessert werden kann. / By public relations, the society is informed of expert topics and, therefore, the necessity of actions in the forest that may affect the society. Informing the public on technological activities in the forest is an important part of public relations in forestry. The problem of public relations in forest technology is to find the right topics that attract the addressed audience. The present research project "Communicating Forest Technology” discusses how the choice of communication topics impacts the effectiveness of public relations in forest technology. Public relations are seen as a communication process. The conclusion of this process is determined by the content of the transmitted information and the properties of the potential recipient, the forest visitor. In this paper six working hypotheses are set up. The hypotheses refer to a) the emotional state and b) the basic knowledge of different types of forest visitors to wood harvesting technology as well as c) their interest in various topics containing forest technological background and d) the effectiveness of target oriented public relations. The hypotheses are confirmed by the analysis of a forest visitor survey. This (especially for this purpose developed) survey is conducted as semi-structured interview with an interactive approach. A model to illustrate the communication process in forest technology was developed. The model visualizes crucial factors for the realization of the communication process. The factors are the characteristics of the visitor, the topic of the information and the situation in the forest. The main result of this study is the presentation of the interest of the forest visitor according to the six reviewed topics: resource wood, compatibility during forest management, safety of forest workers, conditions of forest roads, high-tech workplace in the forest and expenses of harvesting. The topic resource wood causes the strongest interest by forest visitors. The forest visitors show no interest in the issues of high-tech workplace and expenses of harvesting. Therefore, these issues are not suitable for public relations in forest technology. (The properties of forest visitors who show interest in the analyzed information contents are presented in detail.) The results of the research project confirm that choosing the right topic is necessary for target oriented public relations. The effectiveness of this communication process can be improved by target oriented public relations.

This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how individuals perceive nature and engage with Texas state park (TSP) programs and resources while also identifying major barriers that visitors perceive/encounter when visiting TSPs. This study looks through the anthropological lens by using theoretical frameworks such as habitus, presentation of the social self, space and place, as well as communities of practice (CoP), to better understand the factors that influence the establishment and maintenance of an individual's relationship to nature and participation in related practices. This study illustrates how an individual's relationship to nature is influenced by experiences in early life that involve activities, landscape or bioregion, and social factors. Relationships with nature are strengthened through social support especially when CoPs are involved. By understanding park visitor experiences through motivations and limitations to participating in the outdoors, parks can expand engagement tactics, foster existing and create new CoP related to nature that aid in the introduction and adoption of outdoor learning and experiences creating lifelong stewards. The study offers recommendations on how TSPs can address visitor barriers and increase nature affinity with the use of targeted outreach and engagement methods through agency interpretive resources and programs with the goal of expanding the public's relationship with nature.

Publicly funded art institutions in Sweden are tasked with the mission of making contemporary art available and accessible to the citizens. This thesis investigates three cases of publicly funded art institutions in Sweden, namely Göteborgs Konsthall, Malmö Konsthall and Liljevalchs Konsthall. The study examines the exhibitions presented by the institutions during the fall of 2023 and how they are curated to be inclusive or exclusive towards visitor groups. By using a model of curatorial values in conjunction with a constructed model of the exhibition as social space, inspired by Henri Lefebvre’s concept “social space”, this research will reveal different strategies used by the institutions for mediating curatorial intentions through the exhibitions.    Empirically the thesis is based on observations of three exhibitions and their visitors and interviews with exhibition hosts. The material is used to examine how the institutions work towards different audiences and how curatorial decisions influence visitor behaviour within the selected institutions.    The results show that the three cases differ in curatorial decisions and values. Further, the social space model used indicates that institutions differ in how they award agency to visitors. The analysis shows that visitors, by acting in unpredictable ways, contribute to the social space of exhibitions in ways not intended by the curator.     In conclusion, this study shows that the mission of the municipality-driven art institution is multifaceted and holds challenges when attempting to engage a broad audience while displaying exhibitions of high artistic integrity. The curatorial choices reflect in the audience and these choices therefore determine who will partake in the exhibition. The curator therefore plays a crucial role in how the exhibitions work with inclusivity.