Att arbeta inom synhabiliteringen som kurator idag är en komplex situation. Det gäller att kunna hantera olika typer av problem och att samverka med andra enheter. Att ha svåra samtal med barn om deras synnedsättning, stötta vårdnadshavare och hantera andra myndigheter är vanliga arbetsuppgifter för kuratorn inom synhabiliteringen. Kuratorns roll är att fungera som barn och vårdnadshavares stöd när det gäller skolsituationen. Det är många bitar som ska ordnas för att skolbarn med synnedsättning ska ges en rättvis, tillgänglig och delaktig skolsituation. I denna kvalitativa studie intervjuas fem kuratorer, inom synhabiliteringen i olika delar av Sverige, om sina kunskaper, upplevelser, erfarenheter och insatser till grundskolebarn med synnedsättning och kuratorns samverkansroll kring dessa barns situation i grundskolan. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är huvudsakligen Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska systemteori, med komplettering av Foucaults maktteori. Resultaten visar att det finns ett stort behov av samverkan med skolan och andra enheter för att skolsituationen ska bli rättvis för elever med synnedsättning. Varje skolsituation för elever med synnedsättning är unik med många komplexa faktorer utöver rent pedagogiska och sociala som spelar in när det gäller samverkanspusslet. Resultaten tyder också på viss förekomst av samverkansproblem mellan myndigheter, vårdnadshavare och skolan, som kuratorn inom synhabiliteringen får hantera. / Working as a counsellor at low vision habilitation centres is a complex situation. It is important to be able to deal with different problems and collaborate with different actors in other sectors of the society. Having conversations with children about their visual impairment, supporting guardians and dealing with other authorities is common tasks for a counsellor at low vision habilitation centres. The counsellor acts as support for the child and the guardian regarding the child´s school situation. There are many pieces to be arranged to ensure that school children with visual impairment are given a fair, accessible and participatory school situation. In this qualitative study five counsellors are interviewed about their knowledge and experiences working in the Swedish low vision habilitation centres and their interventions to primary school children with visual impairment. The study is based on Bronfenbrenner's ecology system theory of development with complementing Foucault's power theory. The results show that there is a great need for collaboration between the school and other sectors for it to be fair for students with visual impairment. The results also find that there are some collaborative problems between authorities, guardians and the school, which the counsellor have to deal with.

Orientador: Lígia Maria Presumido Braccialli / Banca: Eduardo José Manzini / Banca: Marilda Moraes Garcia Bruno / Resumo: A locomoção segura e independente, pelos mais variados espaços, constitui-se em um grande desafio para as crianças com deficiência visual. Essa habilidade pode ser favorecida pelo programa de orientação e mobilidade, que deve ser parte essencial do processo educacional desses alunos. O ensino dessa habilidade também é um grande desafio para os profissionais de orientação e mobilidade. Há, na literatura, relatos da existência de um padrão de locomoção característico de pessoas com deficiência visual. No entanto, não há estudos que apontem sugestões para trabalhar aspectos específicos da locomoção que seriam fundamentais para uma locomoção eficiente desses indivíduos. Esses fatos motivaram a realização desta pesquisa, que teve como objetivos: analisar a marcha de alunos com deficiência visual, na faixa etária entre 5 e 7 anos de idade, por meio da cinemetria, e sugerir procedimentos para auxiliar o profissional de orientação e mobilidade no ensino de alguns aspectos específicos da locomoção de alunos com deficiência visual. Para tanto, participaram 9 crianças: 6 cegas e 3 com baixa visão, com idade entre 5 e 7 anos, 5 do gênero masculino e 4 do gênero feminino, todas com padrão de marcha independente. A análise da locomoção foi realizada por meio de softwares específicos para análise tridimensional da locomoção: Evart 5.0 e Orthotrack 6.2. Foi efetuada uma análise descritiva dos dados obtidos em relação aos parâmetros lineares da marcha: velocidade, cadência, comprimento do ciclo de marcha e abertura da base de apoio; e em relação à posição e orientação das articulações do corpo: cabeça, tronco, pelve, ombro, cotovelo, quadril, joelho e pé. O estudo permitiu observar algumas características na locomoção, que foram comuns à maioria das crianças. Essas características foram: baixa velocidade e cadência, reduzido comprimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The safe and independent locomotion by the most varied spaces constitutes a great challenge for children with visual impairment. This ability can be favored by the orientation and mobility program that should be essential part of these students' educational process. The teaching of that ability is also a great challenge for the orientation and mobility professionals. In the literature there are reports of the existence of a locomotion pattern in people with visual impairment. However, there are not studies that suggest how to work specific aspects of the locomotion that would be fundamental for an efficient locomotion of these individuals. These facts have motivated this research and the objectives were: to analyse the gait of students with visual impairment, in the age group between 5-7 years, by kinematic and to suggest procedures to aid the orientation and mobility professionals, teaching them some specific aspects of the students' locomotion with visual impairment. Nine children participated in the study: 6 blind and 3 with low vision, aged between 5-7 years old, 5 of the masculine gender and 4 of the feminine gender, everybody with pattern of independent gait. The analysis of the locomotion was done by specific softwares for three-dimensional analysis of the locomotion: Evart 5.0 e Orthotrack 6.2. A descriptive analysis of data in relation to gait parameters was accomplished: velocity, cadence, stride length and wide support base; and to the position and orientation of the body articulations: head, trunk, pelvis, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and foot. The study has allowed observing some characteristics in the locomotion that were common to the most of the children. The characteristics were: low velocity and cadence, reduced stride length, enlarged support base, maintenance of the head in rotation, with lateral inclination and in flexion or extension... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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The thesis deals with the topic of foreigner's families living in the Czech Republic who have children with disabilities. The purpose of the thesis is to find out how these families perceive their situation, what are their needs, what resources they use and which obstacles they encounter. The first part of the thesis focuses on theoretical concepts of disability, including the description of different types of disabling conditions, the situation of families with disabled children and the social support system in the Czech Republic. The fundamental information about foreigners in the Czech Republic together with main concepts of culture and multiculturalism are also presented. The existing research findings from Canada, USA and UK are explored at the end of the first part. The second part is dedicated to the author's qualitative research using semi-structured interview and open coding. The research findings are described in seven categories - cultural and language aspects, living with a child with disability, health care, institutional support, information sources, informal support and parent's strategies for handling the situation, and unfulfilled needs including suggestions for improvement.

This diploma thesis covers the pupils with visual impairment who are school educated through the supportive measures of varying degrees. Firstly, it describes the essential concepts related to the topic. The first chapter introduces visual functions and their most common disorders, plus visual disorders in childhood which can be encountered in education. In following chapters, the definition and classification of terms used in the Catalogue of support measures in the Czech Republic is introduced and defined. The main terms covered are visual impairment and impaired visual perception and the education specifics are described for each groups of pupils according to the severity of visual impairment. This thesis also contains detailed analysis of support areas and each supportive measure designed for pupils in need of support in education due to the visual impairment and impaired visual perception. In the second part of practical study, research goals and questions are defined. From medical and other relevant reports of special pedagogical centre the qualitative research analysis had been conducted. The data were collected from selected primary school pupils who are using varying degrees of supportive measures. In total, it includes insight of seven pupils who are educated with the second, third and...

Bakgrund: Ögonsjukdomar och nedsatt syn är ett folkhälsoproblem som förväntas att öka runt om i världen. Den främsta orsaken till synnedsättning och blindhet är ögonsjukdomar där några av de vanligaste är katarakt, åldersrelaterad makuladegeneration, glaukom och retinopati. Synnedsättning kan skapa fysiska och psykiska följder i det dagliga livet, exempelvis isolering, ökad risk för skador och minskad självständighet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa personers upplevelser av att leva med synnedsättning och hur detta påverkar utförandet av aktiviteter i det dagliga livet. Metod: En litteraturstudie har genomförts med induktiv ansats. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed där 12 artiklar valdes ut som utgör grunden för uppsatsens resultat. Bearbetningen av den insamlade datan genomfördes med stöd av en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom att personer med nedsatt syn upplevde att synnedsättningen hade en betydande inverkan på de dagliga aktiviteterna. Detta visade sig genom att svårigheter uppstod vid vissa aktiviteter, såsom matlagning och mobilisering. Detta medförde att strategier skapades för att underlätta aktiviteterna. Situationen medförde även olika känslor, både positiva och negativa. Konklusion: Resultatet kan bidra med betydande kunskap kring hur personer med synnedsättning upplever aktiviteter i det dagliga livet, vilket är användbart för sjuksköterskan för att kunna tillämpa god omvårdnad och personcentrerad vård. / Background: Eye diseases and impaired vision are a public health problem that is expected to increase around the world. The main causes of visual impairment and blindness are eye diseases where some of the most common are cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and retinopathy. Visual impairment can create physical and mental consequences in daily life, such as isolation, increased risk of injury and reduced independence. Purpose: The purpose was to highlight people's experience of living with visual impairment and how this affects the performance of activities in daily living. Method: A literature study has been conducted with an inductive approach. Searches were made in the databases CINAHL and PubMed where 12 articles were selected which formed the basis for this essays result. Results: It was found that people with impaired vision experienced that visual impairment had a significant impact on daily activities. This was evidenced by the fact that difficulties arose for example with cooking and mobilisation. This resulted in strategies that were created to facilitate activities. The situation also led to different emotions, both positive and negative. Conclusion: The results can contribute knowledge about how people with visual impairment experience activities in daily living, which is useful for better nursing and person-centered care.

The diploma thesis deals with the family and the specifics of education for blind children. The idea of the work is to create written material intended for all those interested in the topic, but especially for parents of blind children, who inform about the influence of parental education on the development of a blind child. The aim of the diploma is to find out how and why there is an insufficient level of self-service skills in specific blind children, from the perspective of their own child, his parents and the pedagogues working with him. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. The theoretical part introduces the reader to the concept of family and its functions. Furthermore, attention is paid to educational styles and the relationship to a blind child is specified in more detail. The last chapter deals with cognitive, psychomotor and social development and the specifics of education for blind children. The research part of the work is processed in the manner of a qualitative survey. The research design is case studies of five selected blind children. The data are collected by the method of interviews with blind children, their parents and pedagogical staff, as well as by own observation and analysis of documents. KEY WORDS family, blind...

The aim of the thesis is to provide a qualitative analysis of the RightHear navigation system in the building of the Faculty of Education, Charles University (Magdalény Rettigové 4, Prague) as a means of providing assistance with spatial navigation and independent mobility to visually impaired people. In the introduction, the thesis provides an overview of various aids and systems supporting independent mobility of the visually impaired. It also discusses the RightHear navigation system. The research part of the thesis analyses the current configuration of the RightHear system and proposes ways to improve it in the Faculty of Education building. The research utilised the methods of participatory observation and an unstructured in-depth interview with two consultants. The output of the thesis is a proposal for a new configuration of the RightHear navigation system in the building and suggestions for general rules for creating descriptions used for indoor navigation with RightHear. This output is based on knowledge of spatial orientation, independent mobility of visually impaired people and indoor navigation systems as well as the consultants' comments. The thesis includes specific conclusions and recommendations for practice and future research.

Sjukvården ska vara jämlik för alla patienter, men rapport från Socialstyrelsen visar att det finns brister i den svenska sjukvården. Ögonsjukvården på ett av Sveriges större sjukhus fick under sommaren 2021 in synpunkter gällande bristande tillgänglighet och bemötande. Ögonsjukvården hade lokaler som inte var anpassade för patienter med synskada, och bemötandet visade brist på insikt i hur det är att ha en synskada. Ett projekt startades i samarbete med Synskadades Riksförbund, för att tillsammans åtgärda dessa brister. Fyra patienter med synskada fick besöka ögonmottagningen och uppmärksamma brister och ta fram åtgärdsförslag. De fick även svara på en enkät före och efter genomförandet av åtgärderna för att senare kunna utvärdera om förändringarna lett till en förbättring eller inte. Frågorna gällde fyra aspekter i tillgänglighet på olika delar av sjukhuset. För att förbättra bemötandet föreslog Synskadades Riksförbund en insiktsutbildning för personalen. Utbildningen skulle ledas av personer med synskada, med målet att öka personalens förståelse för hur det är att leva med en synskada, Utbildningen följdes av en intervjustudie för att undersöka medarbetarnas erfarenhet av co-production, och hur verksamheten i framtiden kan samarbeta med patienterna. Resultatet visar att alla utom en patient upplevde förbättring av tillgängligheten på alla fyra aspekter. En av patienterna tyckte att tre av fyra aspekter hade förbättrats. Totalt 23 medarbetare hann genomgå insiktsutbildningen. Målet på en ökad tillgänglighet uppnåddes, medan målet om att hinna med att utbilda 30 medarbetare inte uppnåddes. Resultatet av studien visade att co-production är ett uppskattat arbetssätt som anses effektivt för att uppnå mer jämlik sjukvård. Slutsatsen är att co-production tillsammans med patienterna har lett till både bättre tillgänglighet och bättre bemötande. Projektet fortsätter, och målet under året är att alla medarbetare ska hunnit genomgå insiktsutbildningen. Projektet har tilldelats medel för fortsatta insatser för en mer jämlik sjukvård för ögonsjukvårdens patienter. / Healthcare must be equal for all patients, but a National Board of Health and Welfare report found shortcomings in Swedish healthcare in this area.  During 2021 the eyecare department at one of Sweden’s largest hospitals received remarks on accessibility and service. The facilities were not adapted for visually impaired patients, and they felt a lack of insight into their needs. A joint project was started with the Swedish Association of Visually Impaired (SRF) to address these shortcomings. Four members with visual impairments visited the clinic to assess the facilities, in order to propose an improvement plan. The participants also completed a questionnaire, before and after implementation of changes, to evaluate if it had improved. The questions covered four aspects of accessibility in different parts of the hospital. To improve the patient interaction, SRF proposed awareness training for hospital staff. The training was led by visually impaired people, with the goal of increasing awareness about living with visual impairments. The training was followed by a study about the staffs’ experience on co-production and how future collaboration with patients could be done. The results show that all but one patient experienced an improvement in accessibility in all four aspects. One of the patients thought that three out of four aspects had improved. 23 employees completed the awareness training. The goal of increased accessibility was achieved; however, the goal of training 30 employees was not reached. The study showed that co-production is appreciated and was considered effective in achieving more equal healthcare.  The conclusion is that co-production led to both better accessibility and treatment. The project continues, and the goal is for all employees to complete awareness training this year. The project has secured funds for continued efforts for a more equal healthcare for eye care patients.

This study aimed to explore sound design and sound representation techniques to strengthen the inclusion of players with sensory disabilities alongside non-disabled players. Additionally, it aimed to identify characteristics in inclusiveness components for video games. Tap Tone is a 3D action-adventure prototype with iteratively improved inclusiveness components based on research and requirements analyses. Twenty-five participants were recruited for user tests and divided into four groups: 1) non-disabled, 2) vision impaired, 3) deaf and hard of hearing, and 4) blindfolded players. Data were collected with a questionnaire and saved in-game data. The data was analyzed using statistical methods, including ANOVA and a t-test. Results indicate that the experience for deaf and hard of hearing is significantly different from the groups vision impaired and non-disabled. The results indicate similarities in experience for non-disabled and vision impaired players. Moreover, the player performance indicates similarities between the groups non-disabled, vision impaired and deaf and hard of hearing. Finally, the study identified and discussed key characteristics of the inclusiveness components. / Denna studie syftade till att utforska ljuddesign och ljudrepresentationstekniker för att stärka inkluderingen av spelare med sensoriska funktionshinder tillsammans med icke-handikappade spelare. Dessutom syftade det till att identifiera egenskaper i inkluderande komponenter för videospel. Tap Tone är en prototyp av ett 3D-action-äventyrsspel med stegvist förbättrande inkluderingskomponenter baserade på forskning och kravanalyser. Tjugofem deltagare rekryterades för användartester och delades in i fyra grupper: 1) ickehandikappade, 2) synskadade, 3) döva och hörselskadade och 4) spelare med ögonbindel. Data samlades in med ett frågeformulär och data sparad genom spelet. Datan var analyserad med hjälp av statistiska metoder, inklusive ANOVA och ett t-test. Resultaten tyder på att upplevelsen för döva och hörselskadade skiljer sig signifikant från grupperna med synskada och icke-handikappade. Resultaten indikerar likheter i erfarenhet för icke-handikappade och synskadade spelare. Dessutom indikerar spelarens prestation likheter mellan grupperna icke-handikappade, synskadade och döva och hörselskadade. Slutligen identifierade och diskuterade studien nyckelegenskaper hos de inkluderande komponenterna.