Testing is a necessary component of software development, but it is also an expensive one, especially if performed manually. One way to mitigate the cost of testing is to implement test automation, where the test cases are run automatically. For any organisation looking to implement test automation, the most interesting cost is time. Automation takes time to implement and one of the most obvious benefits of automation is that the automated test execution time is lower than that of manual execution. This thesis contains a literature study covering testing methodology, especially in regards to the domain of web application testing. The literature covered also included three economic models that may be used to calculate the costs of automation compared to manual testing. The models can be used to calculate the time it would take, or the number of necessary executions, for the total cost of test automation to be lower than of that of manual testing. The thesis is based on a case study of test automation for the StoredSafe platform, a web application. Three sets of test automation frameworks were used to implement three different test suits and the test implementation times were collected. The data collected were then used to calculate the time it would take, using the three economic models, for the cost of automated test cases to become equal to that of with manual testing. The data showed that the estimated time to reach breakeven for the three frameworks varied between 2½ and at worst 10 years, with an average of 3½ years. The models and data presented in this thesis may be used in order to estimate the cost of test automation in comparison to manual testing over longer periods of time, but care must be taken in order to ensure that the data used is correct in regards to one’s own organisation or else the estimate may be faulty.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo la implementación de un Sistema Web para el Colegio de Notarios de Lima que será utilizado principalmente por el área de archivo de ex-Notarios en el proceso de Conclusión de Escrituras, proceso que consiste en culminar las firmas pendientes de las personas que intervienen en una Escritura Pública, en la actualidad este servicio se realiza de forma manual, es lento y engorroso. El sistema permitirá al cliente contar con una respuesta inmediata del estado actual de la Escritura Pública, costo del servicio y de esta manera decidir al instante si continua con el servicio solicitado, todo gracias a la base de datos de Escrituras Públicas digitalizadas, que han sido enviadas por los notarios que han cesado de su función. Además, agilizará el proceso de respuesta del Notario encargado respecto a los informes de Conclusión de Escritura enviados por el Encargado del archivo, la fecha de conclusión y notificación por correo electrónico. El sistema permitirá tener un mejor control del proceso actual gracias a que las tareas serán administradas y personalizadas según el perfil de cada usuario. Dicho sistema utiliza la tecnología web que dispone de información en tiempo real y está orientado a la búsqueda de documentos digitalizados. Por último el sistema podrá generar reportes respecto al servicio realizado en el área de archivo permitiendo a la Junta Directiva del Colegio de Notarios de Lima tomar decisiones para planificar estrategias de gestión. This thesis aims to implement a Web System for the College of Notaries of Lima which will be used mainly for the archive area of former notaries in the process of concluding Scriptures process of culminating the outstanding signatures people involved in a public deed, at present this service is performed manually, it is slow and cumbersome. The system will allow customers to have immediate feedback of the current state of the Deed, cost of service and thus decide immediately whether to continue with the requested service, thanks to the database Deeds digitized, which have been submitted by notaries who have ceased to function. In addition, it will streamline the process commissioned Notary response regarding Conclusion Writing reports sent by the File Manager, the completion date and email notification. The system will allow better control of the current process by which tasks are managed and customized to each user's profile. This system uses web technology that provides real-time information and is aimed at finding scanned documents. Finally the system can generate reports regarding the service performed in the area of file allowing the Board of the Association of Notaries of Lima make decisions to plan management strategies.

Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:41:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Takahashi_Fabio_M.pdf: 1666534 bytes, checksum: e3f3856c1777c40bd5655d85ba32fcef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de ferramentas computacionais para a realização da avaliação emergética de sistemas agrícolas utilizando as tecnologias XML, XSLT, Java, JSP, Struts e banco de dados MySQL. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, foram desenvolvidos documentos XML para representar os sistemas de agricultura química da Flórida e do Brasil. Um arquivo XSLT foi criado para processar e calcular o fluxo de emergia para cada recurso e visualizar os resultados utilizando o navegador Internet Explorer. As informações registradas nos arquivos XML são: tipo de recurso (contribuição da natureza e da economia humana), quantidade utilizada, unidade de medida, fator de conversão de unidades e transformidades solares. A análise emergética dos sistemas agrícolas pode ser feita de maneira fácil, através da modificação dos campos ¿quantidade de recursos utilizados¿ nos arquivos XML. Na segunda etapa um aplicativo java foi desenvolvido para abrir os arquivos XML e modificar esses campos. Na terceira etapa foram desenvolvidas páginas web dinâmicas utilizando-se as tecnologias JSP e Struts. Com esta ferramenta o usuário pode escolher o sistema, alterar os valores dos recursos utilizados, gravar esses dados no banco de dados e visualizar os resultados. As principais conclusões deste trabalho são: (a) a utilização da tecnologia XML e Java facilita a análise emergética dos sistemas agrícolas; (b) disponibilizando estas ferramentas na internet, o diagnóstico emergético pode ser difundido e amplamente utilizado, sem perder seus padrões de qualidade; (c) esta metodologia pode ser adaptada para representar todos os sistemas agrícolas brasileiros, incluindo os modelos ecológicos como também os químicos / Abstract: This work had the goal of developing computational tools to make the emergy evaluation of agricultural systems using the technologies XML, XSLT, Java, JSP, Struts and the MySQL database. At the first stage of this work, XML documents were developed to represent the chemical agricultural systems of Florida and Brazil. A XSLT archive was created to process and to calculate the emergy flows for each resource and to visualize the results using the Internet Explorer Navigator. The information stored on the XML archives are: type of resources (contribution of nature and economy), amount used, units of measure, units conversion factors and solar transformities. The emergy analysis of agricultural systems can be done in an easy way, through the modification of the ¿quantity of resources used¿ fields on the XML archives. At the second stage, a java application was developed to open the XML archives and to modify these fields. At the third stage dynamic web pages were developed using the technologies JSP and Struts. With this tool the user can choose the system, modify the values of used resources, save these data on the database and visualize the results. The main conclusions of this work are: (a) the use of XML and Java technologies make easier the emergy analysis of agricultural systems; (b) making these tools available at the internet, the emergy diagnosis can be spread out and widely used, without losing its quality standards; (c) these methodologies can be adapted to represent all the Brazilian agricultural systems, including the ecological models as well as the chemical models / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelo Eduardo Nunan.pdf: 2892243 bytes, checksum: 5653024cae1270242c7b4f8228cf0d2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Web applications are currently an important environment for access to services available on the Internet. However, the security assurance of these resources has become an elementary task. The structure of dynamic websites composed by a set of objects such as HTML tags, script functions, hyperlinks and advanced features in web browsers may provide numerous resources and interactive services, for instance e-commerce, Internet banking, social networking, blogs, forums, among others. On the other hand, these features helped to increase the potential security risks and attacks, which are the results of malicious codes injection. In this context, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is highlighted at the top of the lists of the greatest threats to web applications in recent years. This work presents a method based on supervised machine learning techniques to detect XSS in web pages. A set of features extracted from URL contents and web document are employed in order to discriminate XSS patterns and to successfully classify both malicious and non-malicious pages / As aplicações web atualmente representam um importante ambiente de acesso aos serviços oferecidos na Internet. Garantir a segurança desses recursos se tornou uma tarefa elementar. A estrutura de sites dinâmicos constituída por um conjunto de objetos, tais como tags de HTML, funções de script, hiperlinks e recursos avançados em navegadores web levou a inúmeras funcionalidades e à interatividade de serviços, tais como e-commerce, Internet banking, redes sociais, blogs, fóruns, entre outros. No entanto, esses recursos têm aumentado potencialmente os riscos de segurança e os ataques resultantes da injeção de códigos maliciosos, onde o Cross-Site Scripting aparece em destaque, no topo das listas das maiores ameaças para aplicações web nos últimos anos. Este trabalho apresenta um método baseado em técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina supervisionada para detectar XSS em páginas web, a partir de um conjunto de características extraídas da URL e do documento web, capazes de discriminar padrões de ataques XSS e distinguir páginas web maliciosas das páginas web normais ou benignas

Digitaliseringens utveckling genomsyrar stora delar av samhället där informationsteknologi bidragit till tidigare otänkbara möjligheter och fördelar. I dagsläget har organisationer rationaliserat flertalet affärsprocesser där teknologin anses utgöra en fundamental utgångspunkt. Informationsteknologins framfart medför förändringar kring kommunikation där begreppet interoperabilitet introduceras som: samverkan mellan två eller fler system med motivet att utbyta information. Vidare har cirkulär ekonomi erhållit mer uppmärksamhet under senare år där motivet är att förbättra problematiken kring resurshantering och återvinning. Den här studien syftar till att skapa grunden för utformningen av ett informationssystem med stöd av ett interoperabilitetsramverk där motivet är att understödja verksamheter vid sambokningstransporter. Det här har genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsansats där intervjuer har nyttjats som datainsamlingsmetod där studien har avgränsats till mikro-, små- och medelstora organisationer. Dessa är belägna inom en glest befolkad kommun i Sverige där företagsrepresentanter från Orust kommun bidragit med empirisk data. / The evolution of digitization permeates large parts of society where information technology has contributed to previously unthinkable possibilities and benefits. At present, organizations have rationalized most business processes where technology is considered to be a fundamental starting point. The advancement of information technology brings about changes in communication where the concept of interoperability is introduced as: collaboration between two or more systems with the purpose of exchanging information. In addition, circular economics have gained more attention in recent years, the purpose of which is to improve the problem of resource management and recycling. This study aims to provide the basis for the design of an information system, supported by an interoperability framework, with the purpose of supporting co-transport activities. This has been done using a qualitative research effort where interviews have been used as a data collection method in which the study has been delimited to micro, small and medium-sized organizations. These are located within a sparsely populated municipality in Sweden, where business representatives from Orust Municipality contributed empirical data.

In practical laboratory classes students traditionally receive data by reading from a measurement device (ruler, clock, voltmeter, etc.) or digitally as files in exchange formats such as CSV (comma separated value). In many cases these data have to be processed later using non-linear regression, here referred to as curve fitting. Therefore, analog data first have to be digitalised and imported to a data analysis and visualisation program, which is often commercial and requires installation. In this paper we present an alternative concept fusing open-source community tools into a single page web application facilitating data acquisition, visualisation, analysis via non-linear regression and further post processing usable for error calculations. We demonstrate the e-learning potential of this web application accessible at curvefit.tu-chemnitz.de in the context of acquired data as typically obtained in physical laboratory classes from undergraduate studies. A prototype workflow for the topic 'specific electric resistance determination' is presented along with a technical description of the basic web technology used behind. Restrictions, such as limited portability or cumbersome ways to share results electronically between student and supervisor as occurring in traditional software applications are overcome by enabling export via URL. The discussion is complemented by thorough comparison of curve fitting web applications with focus on their capability to be adaptable to user-specific models (equations) as faced by (undergraduate) students in the context of their education in laboratory classes in natural and life sciences, such as physics, biology and chemistry.

Denna rapport redovisar utvecklingen av en tjänst för att lättare kunna söka praktikplats och praktikanter. Tjänsten utvecklades som ett eget projekt att senare kunna visas upp som ett förslag för intressenter av verktyg som detta. Utvecklingen har följt dagens principer för användbarhetsdesign och upplevelsedesign. Målet har under hela utvecklingsperioden varit att skapa något som speglar denna tids trender och applikationer för möten. Resultatet av detta projekt har landat i en hifi prototyp, grafisk profil samt konceptbeskrivning för hur tjänsten ska fungera och användas. Denna prototyp kommer senare att utvecklas och skapas som en webbapplikation. / This report accounts the development of a service to make it easier for students to get an internship. The web application is a self-developed project meant to be later be presented for companies interested in similar areas as this. The development follows the principles of usability and experience design. The goal during the process has the hole time been to create a something that follow this eras trends for meeting applications. The result ended in a wellstructured hifi prototype, a graphic profile guide as well as a concept for further development of the service. The prototype will in the next step be developed into a real web application.

The Department of Engineering Science at University West in Trollhättan was in need of a new system for scheduling personnel, as the existing system is based upon an Excel-file and is hard to work with and does not provide an easy way for the users to collaborate.The purpose of this study was to examine how existing principles and guidelines regarding interface design can be used to create a new web based system with a high usability. The purpose is also to examine how participatory design affects the design process and outcome.To create a system with a high grade of usability, a number of existing rules and guidelines regarding usability and a number of subjects regarding interaction design, were used by the development team as tools.Even though the study showed that usability guidelines can be a valuable tool and provide a good foundation it is important to emphasize the use of other techniques. For example the use of participatory design, which in the study was found to be of great value to the development team. / Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap vid Högskolan Väst i Trollhättan var i behov av ett nytt tjänsteplaneringssystem då det nuvarande system som är Excel-baserat är svårt att arbeta med och ej erbjuder något effektivt sätt för användarna att samarbeta.Syftet med studien var att studera hur de principer och riktlinjer som finns gällande interaktionsdesign kan användas för att skapa ett nytt webbaserat system. Syftet var också att undersöka hur deltagande design påverkar design processen och dess resultat.För att skapa ett system med en hög grad användarbarhet har ett antal regler och riktlinjer som berör användarbarhet och ett antal begrepp inom interaktionsdesign använts av utvecklingslaget som verktyg.Även om studien visar att användning av användarbarhetsriktlinjer kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg och erbjuda en god grund är det viktigt att använda fler tekniker. Till exempel användandet av deltagande design, som i studien har funnits vara av stort värde för utvecklingslaget.

The relational database model was defined in the 1970‟s and is the dominating database type today.  The main difference between data from a relational database and a hierarchical data structure is that the relational database stores records in tables. The records have no particular order, but can include links in terms of relationships with other records. A hierarchical structure organizes data in the form of a tree structure  and  can for an example be found in organizational structures in which different levels involves different responsibilities.  If the data stored in a relational database is to be presented in a hierarchically, a conversion of the data structure is required. The intention of this paper is to describe how such a conversion can be performed.   To investigate the conversion methods, case studies has been conducted on the basis of a specific organization‟s hierarchical structure. Web based prototypes were developed in Silverlight to evaluate the conversion of a hierarchical structure, based on the organization that was represented in a relational database. Existing tools were used in order to extract data from a database and transfer data in a client-server architecture.  The result is a framework for the conversion of relational data into hierarchical structure and describes the process step by step. A conversion process includes the design of the database source, extraction and transfer of data to a web client and the algorithm for performing the conversion into a tree structure. / Relationsdatabaser definierades på 1970-talet och är den dominerande databastypen idag. Skillnaden mellan data i en relationsdatabas och en hierarkisk datastruktur är att relationsdatabasen sparar poster i tabeller. Poster i tabellerna behöver ingen inbördes ordning, men kan omfatta  kopplingar i form av relationer till andra poster. En hierarkisk struktur organiserar data i form av trädstruktur och återfinns till exempel i organisationsstrukturer där olika nivåer innefattar olika ansvarsområden.  Om data som sparats i en relationsdatabas skall visas upp hierarkiskt krävs en omvandling av datastrukturen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för hur en sådan omvandling kan utföras.  För att utreda omvandlingsmetoder har fallstudier bedrivits utifrån en specifik organisations hierarkiska struktur. Webbaserade prototyper utvecklades i Silverlight för att utvärdera omvandling till hierarkisk struktur utifrån organisationen som fanns representerad i en relationsdatabas.  Till hjälp existerar verktyg för att extrahera data ur databas samt överföra data i klient-server arkitektur.  Resultatet är ett ramverk för omvandling av relationsdata till hierarkisk struktur  och beskriver processen steg för steg. En omvandlingsprocess omfattar utformning av databas för källa, extrahering och överföring av data till en webbklient samt  algoritm  för utförande av omvandling till trädstruktur.

Detta examensarbete är utfört för Imano AB och behandlar ämnet databaser. Enorma mängder data finns lagrad i databaser världen över, men bara en bråkdel av all data används till något. Data kan förekomma i många olika former och en mängd olika typer av databaser har vuxit fram som komplement till de traditionella relationsdatabaserna. För sociala nätverk, logistiksystem, e-handel och i många andra sammanhang är relationer mellan dataposter ofta lika intressant som själva datainnehållet. När så är fallet kan grafdatabaser vara ett intressant alternativ. I en grafdatabas sparas relationer mellan enskilda dataposter som egna objekt, och denna egenskap kan användas för att ställa frågor om hur data relaterar till andra data. För att på ett effektivt sätt kunna utnyttja grafdatabasens egenskaper finns behov för ett lättillgängligt och användbart verktyg. Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa ett verktyg, som kombinerar grafdatabasen Neo4js förmåga att hantera relationer mellan enskilda dataposter med visuell presentation av data i en webbapplikation. Studien undersöker om detta verktyg gör att användaren lättare kan få ny förståelse ur befintlig data. Denna studie är i grunden ett utvecklingsarbete som följer principerna för metoden Design Science Research. Metoden består av en utvecklingsprocess i flera steg där empirin är den kunskap som erhålls under arbetets gång. I utvecklingsprocessen ingår även kvalitativa undersökningsmetoder för att samla in data vid demonstration och utvärdering av artefakten. I rapporten jämförs grafdatabaser med relationsdatabaser. Studien avser dock endast att peka på skillnader gällande vissa egenskaper och genomför ingen fullständig jämförelse av exempelvis prestanda. Studien visar enligt utvecklarna att grafdatabasen Neo4j har egenskaper som gör den lämplig för användning där relationer mellan enskilda dataposter är viktiga som källor till kunskap. Resultatet av forskningen är att ny förståelse kan komma ur befintlig data genom användning av grafdatabas, speciellt om den kombineras med visualisering. / This thesis written in swedsh is done for Imano AB and deals with the subject databases. Huge amounts of data are stored in databases worldwide, but only a fraction of all the data is used. Data can exist in many different forms and various types of databases have emerged as a complement to the traditional relational databases. In social networking, logistics systems, e-commerce and many other contexts, relationships between data items are often as interesting as the actual data content. When this is the case, graph databases provide solutions to problems that other databases cannot handle. In a graph database relationships between individual data records are stored as own objects. Thanks to this, it is easier to ask questions about how data relate to other data. To effectively exploit the graph database’s features there is a need for an accessible and useful tool. The purpose of the project is to create a tool that combines the graph database Neo4j’s ability to manage relationships between individual data items with visual presentation of data in a web application. The study examines whether this tool allows the user to more easily gain new insights from existing data. This study is basically a software development process which follows the principles of the method of Design Science Research. The method consists of a development process in several stages where empirical data is the knowledge obtained during work. The development process also includes qualitative research methods to collect data at the demonstration and evaluation of the artifact. The study shows, according to the developers that the graph database Neo4j has properties that make it suitable for use where relationships between individual data items are important as sources of knowledge. The result of the research is that new understanding can emerge from existing data using a graph database, especially when combined with visualization