With increasing mobile data demand there is a push towards heterogeneous networks. Small-scale operators (SSOs) of WLANs are becoming more prevalent, while Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) seek an outlet for their customers' data usage. These conditions prompt the need for an effective relationship between the two parties for the purpose of offloading cellular data traffic to WLANs in a way that is economically beneficial to all involved. This thesis presents a model of such a relationship, in which the SSO sets a strategic offloading price per subscriber and several MNOs can choose how many subscribers they want to offload in order to minimize their costs. We determine the optimal offloading price, identify how the SSO incorporates its own network's quality of service (QoS) into its price decision, and examine the way in which the MNOs' cost structures affect their ability to offload. This model can be applied by both MNOs and SSOs to make informed network deployment decisions, even before engaging in an offloading relationship. / Master of Science

In recent years, advancements in the field of wireless communication have led to more innovative consumer products at reduced cost. Over the next 2 to 5 years, short-range wireless devices such as Bluetooth and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are expected to become widespread throughout hospital environments for various applications. Consequently the medical community views wireless applications as ineludible and necessary. However, currently there exist regulations on the use of wireless devices in hospitals, and with the ever increasing wireless personal applications, there will be more unconscious wireless devices entering and operating in hospitals. It is feared that these wireless devices may cause electromagnetic interference that could alter the operation of medical equipment and negatively impact patient care. Additionally, unintentional electromagnetic radiation from medical equipment may have a detrimental effect on the quality of service (QoS) of these short-range wireless devices. Unfortunately, little is known about the impact of these short-range wireless devices on medical equipment and in turn the interference caused to these wireless devices by the hospital environment. The objective of this research was to design and develop an automated software reconfigurable measurement system (PRISM) to characterize the electromagnetic environment (EME) in hospitals. The portable measurement system has the flexibility to characterize a wide range of non-contiguous frequency bands and can be monitored from a remote location via the internet. In this work electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements in the 2.4 GHz ISM band were performed in two hospitals. These measurements are considered to be very first effort to analyze the 2.4 GHz ISM band in hospitals. Though the recorded EMI levels were well within the immunity level recommended by the FDA, it can be expected that Bluetooth devices will undergo a throughput reduction in the presence of major interferers such as WLANs and microwave ovens. A Bluetooth throughput simulator using semi-analytic results was developed as part of this work. PRISM and the Bluetooth simulator were used to predict the throughput for six Bluetooth Asynchronous Connectionless (ACL) transmissions as a function of piconet size and interferer distance. / Master of Science

Over the last few decades, the susceptibility of integrated circuits to electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced damages has justified the use of dedicated on-chip protection circuits. Design of robust protection circuits remains a challenging task because ESD failure mechanisms have become more acute as device dimensions continue to shrink. A lack of understanding of the ESD phenomena coupled with the increased sensitivity of smaller devices and time-to-market demands has led to a trial-and-error approach to ESD-protected circuit design. Improved analysis capabilities and a systematic design approach are essential to accomplish the challenging task of providing adequate protection to core circuit(s). The design of ESD protection circuitry for RFIC's has been relatively slow to evolve, compared to their digital counterparts, and is now emerging as a new design challenge in RF and high-speed mixed-signal IC development. Sub-circuits which are not embedded in a single System-on-Chip (SOC), such as RF Power amplifiers (PAs), are of particular concern as they are more susceptible to the various ESD events. This thesis presents the development of integrated ESD protection circuitry for two RFIC Power Amplifier designs. A prototype PA for 2.4 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications was redesigned to provide protection to the RF input and the PA Control pins. A relatively new technique known as the L-C tank approach was used to protect the RFinput while a standard diode ring approach was used to protect the control line. The protection techniques studied were subsequently extended to a completely protected three-stage PA targeting 1.9 GHz Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telephone (DECT) applications. An on-chip shunt-L-series-C input matching network was used to provide ESD protection to the input pin of the DECT PA. A much more area efficient (as compared to the diode ring technique) Zener diode approach was used to protect the control and signal lines. The PA's RF performance was virtually unaffected by the addition of the protection circuits. Both PAs were designed in a commercially available 0.5 ìm SiGe-HBT process. The partially protected WLAN PA was fabricated and packaged in a 3mm x 3mm Fine Pitch Quad Flat Package FQFP-N 12 Lead package and had a measured ESD protection rating of ± 1kV standard Human Body Model (HBM) ESD test. The simulated DECT PA demonstrated +1.5kV/-4kV HBM performance. / Master of Science

La localisation des personnes et des objets à l’intérieur des bâtiments basée sur les réseaux WLAN connaît un intérêt croissant depuis quelques années ; ce système peut être un parfait complément pour fournir des informations de localisation statique ou dynamique dans des environnements où les techniques de positionnement telles que GPS ne sont pas efficaces. Le manuscrit de thèse propose une nouvelle approche pour définir un système WLAN de positionnement indoor (WLAN-IPS) comme un problème d'optimisation combinatoire afin de garantir à la fois une qualité de communication et une minimisation de l'erreur de positionnement via le réseau. Cette approche est caractérisée par plusieurs questions difficiles que nous abordons en trois étapes.Dans un premier temps, nous avons conçu un réseau WLAN-IPS et mis en œuvre une plateforme de test. Nous avons examiné la performance du système sous diverses contraintes expérimentales et nous nous sommes penchés sur l'analyse des relations entre l'erreur de positionnement et les facteurs environnementaux externes. Ces relations ont permis de proposer des indicateurs pour évaluer l'erreur de positionnement. Ensuite nous avons proposé un modèle physique qui définit tous les paramètres majeurs rencontrés en WLAN-IPS à partir de la littérature. L'objectif initial des infrastructures WLAN étant de fournir un accès radio de qualité au réseau, nous avons introduit un objectif supplémentaire qui est de minimiser l'erreur de localisation dans le contexte IPS. Deux indicateurs principaux ont été définis afin d'évaluer la qualité de service (QoS) et l'erreur de localisation pour LBS (Location-Based Services). Enfin après avoir défini la formulation mathématique du problème d'optimisation et les indicateurs clés de performance, nous avons proposé un algorithme mono-objectif et un algorithme multicritère basés sur Tabu Search et Variable Neighborhood Search pour fournir des bonnes solutions en temps raisonnable. Les simulations montrent que ces deux algorithmes sont très efficaces pour le problème d'optimisation que nous avons posé. / Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) using the existing WLAN have won growing interest in the last years, it can be a perfect supplement to provide location information of users in indoor environments where other positioning techniques such as GPS, are not much effective. The thesis manuscript proposes a new approach to define a WLAN-based indoor positioning system (WLAN-IPS) as a combinatorial optimization problem to guarantee the requested communication quality while optimizing the positioning error. This approach is characterised by several difficult issues we tackled in three steps.At first, we designed a WLAN-IPS and implemented it as a test framework. Using this framework, we looked at the system performance under various experimental constraints. Through these experiments, we went as far as possible in analysing the relationships between the positioning error and the external environmental factors. These relationships were considered as evaluation indicators of the positioning error. Secondly, we proposed a model that defines all major parameters met in the WLAN-IPS from the literature. As the original purpose of the WLAN infrastructures is to provide radio communication access, we introduced an additional purpose which is to minimize the location error within IPS context. Two main indicators were defined in order to evaluate the network Quality of Service (QoS) and the positioning error for Location-Based Service (LBS). Thirdly, after defining the mathematical formulation of the optimisation problem and the key performance indicators, we proposed a mono-objective algorithm and a multi-objective algorithm which are based on Tabu Search metaheuristic to provide good solutions within a reasonable amount of time. The simulations demonstrate that these two algorithms are highly efficient for the indoor positioning optimization problem.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaLN_TESE.pdf: 4153617 bytes, checksum: 6a9b7ed40b1f66da758afee4efaf74e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this thesis, a frequency selective surface (FSS) consists of a two-dimensional periodic structure mounted on a dielectric substrate, which is capable of selecting signals in one or more frequency bands of interest. In search of better performance, more compact dimensions, low cost manufacturing, among other characteristics, these periodic structures have been continually optimized over time. Due to its spectral characteristics, which are similar to band-stop or band-pass filters, the FSSs have been studied and used in several applications for more than four decades. The design of an FSS with a periodic structure composed by pre-fractal elements facilitates the tuning of these spatial filters and the adjustment of its electromagnetic parameters, enabling a compact design which generally has a stable frequency response and superior performance relative to its euclidean counterpart. The unique properties of geometric fractals have shown to be useful, mainly in the production of antennas and frequency selective surfaces, enabling innovative solutions and commercial applications in microwave range. In recent applications, the FSSs modify the indoor propagation environments (emerging concept called wireless building ). In this context, the use of pre-fractal elements has also shown promising results, allowing a more effective filtering of more than one frequency band with a single-layer structure. This thesis approaches the design of FSSs using pre-fractal elements based on Vicsek, Peano and teragons geometries, which act as band-stop spatial filters. The transmission properties of the periodic surfaces are analyzed to design compact and efficient devices with stable frequency responses, applicable to microwave frequency range and suitable for use in indoor communications. The results are discussed in terms of the electromagnetic effect resulting from the variation of parameters such as: fractal iteration number (or fractal level), scale factor, fractal dimension and periodicity of FSS, according the pre-fractal element applied on the surface. The analysis of the fractal dimension s influence on the resonant properties of a FSS is a new contribution in relation to researches about microwave devices that use fractal geometry. Due to its own characteristics and the geometric shape of the Peano pre-fractal elements, the reconfiguration possibility of these structures is also investigated and discussed. This thesis also approaches, the construction of efficient selective filters with new configurations of teragons pre-fractal patches, proposed to control the WLAN coverage in indoor environments by rejecting the signals in the bands of 2.4~2.5 GHz (IEEE 802.11 b) and 5.0~6.0 GHz (IEEE 802.11a). The FSSs are initially analyzed through simulations performed by commercial software s: Ansoft DesignerTM and HFSSTM. The fractal design methodology is validated by experimental characterization of the built prototypes, using alternatively, different measurement setups, with commercial horn antennas and microstrip monopoles fabricated for low cost measurements / Nesta tese, uma superf?cie seletiva de frequ?ncia (FSS) consiste de uma estrutura peri?dica bidimensional montada sobre um substrato diel?trico, que ? capaz de selecionar sinais em uma ou mais faixas de frequ?ncias de interesse. Em busca da obten??o de um melhor desempenho, dimens?es mais compactas, baixo custo de fabrica??o, entre outras caracter?sticas, estas estruturas peri?dicas t?m sido continuamente otimizadas ao longo do tempo. Devido ?s suas caracter?sticas espectrais, que s?o similares as de filtros rejeita-faixa ou passa-faixa, as FSSs t?m sido estudadas e usadas em aplica??es diversas por mais de quatro d?cadas. O projeto de uma FSS com uma estrutura peri?dica composta de elementos pr?fractais facilita a sintonia destes filtros espaciais e o ajuste de seus par?metros eletromagn?ticos, possibilitando uma constru??o compacta, que, em geral, apresenta uma resposta est?vel em frequ?ncia e desempenho superior em rela??o ? sua contrapartida euclidiana. As propriedades ?nicas dos fractais geom?tricos t?m-se mostrado bastante ?teis, principalmente para a constru??o de antenas e superf?cies seletivas de frequ?ncia, permitindo solu??es inovadoras e aplica??es comerciais na faixa de micro-ondas. Em aplica??es mais recentes, as FSSs modificam os ambientes de propaga??o indoor (conceito emergente chamado de wireless building ). Neste contexto, o uso de elementos pr?-fractais tamb?m tem apresentado resultados promissores, tornando mais efetiva a filtragem de mais de uma faixa de frequ?ncias com uma estrutura de camada simples. Esta tese aborda o projeto de FSSs com elementos pr?-fractais baseados nas geometrias de Vicsek, Peano e dos ter?gonos, que funcionam como filtros espaciais do tipo rejeita-faixa. As propriedades de transmiss?o das superf?cies peri?dicas s?o analisadas para a concep??o de dispositivos eficientes, compactos e com respostas est?veis em frequ?ncia, aplic?veis na faixa de micro-ondas e adequados para utiliza??es em comunica??es indoor. Os resultados s?o discutidos em termos do efeito eletromagn?tico decorrente da varia??o de par?metros como, n?mero de itera??es fractais (ou n?vel do fractal), fator de escala, dimens?o fractal e periodicidade da FSS, de acordo com o elemento pr?-fractal utilizado. A an?lise da influ?ncia da dimens?o fractal sobre as propriedades de resson?ncia de uma FSS ? uma contribui??o nova no que diz respeito ?s pesquisas com dispositivos de micro-ondas que utilizam geometrias fractais. Devido ?s caracter?sticas pr?prias e a forma geom?trica dos elementos pr?-fractais de Peano, a possibilidade de reconfigura??o destas estruturas tamb?m ? investigada e discutida. Esta tese aborda ainda, a constru??o de filtros seletivos eficientes com novas configura??es de patches pr?-fractais do tipo ter?gonos, propostos para controle de cobertura WLAN em ambientes indoor, rejeitando os sinais nas faixas de 2,4~2,5 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) e 5,0~6,0 GHz (IEEE 802.11a). As FSSs s?o analisadas inicialmente por meio de simula??es executadas pelos programas comerciais Ansoft DesignerTM e HFSSTM. A metodologia de projeto ? validada atrav?s da caracteriza??o experimental dos prot?tipos constru?dos utilizando, alternativamente, diferentes setups de medi??o, com antenas corneta comerciais e monopolos de microfita de fabrica??o pr?pria para medi??es de baixo custo

Utveckling av teknik skapar ständigt nya möjligheter men innebär också stora förändringar för företag och organisationer. Mobiltelefoner, surfplattor, bärbara datorer, mobilkommunikation och molnteknik gör det möjligt idag att inte längre vara bunden av tid, plats eller en enhet för att kunna arbeta. Förändringen innebär att en ny typ av flexibla och yteffektiva kontor med inga fasta arbetsplatser blir allt vanligare. Problemet med de så kallade flexkontoren är att veta var eller när en kollega befinner sig på kontoret är inte lika självklart, framförallt om det är stort kontor med flera våningsplan. Målsättningen med detta arbete är att ta fram och implementera en inomhuspositioneringstjänst eller en så kallad Location-Based Service, till företaget Connecta AB. Tjänsten ska göra det möjligt för användare att med hjälp av sin mobiltelefon dela med sig av sin nuvarande arbetsplats i en kontorsmiljö. Resultatet av arbetet är en Location Based Service som gör det möjligt för en användare att med hjälp av en Androidtelefon med stöd för kortdistanskommunikationstekniken Near Field Communcication att dela med sig av sin nuvarande arbetsplats. Den molnbaserade serverlösningen Windows Azure används för att lagra registrerade arbetsplatser. / Development of technology constantly creates new opportunities but it can also mean major chang-es for companies and organizations. Today phones, tablets, laptops, mobile communications and cloud technology make it possible to be no longer bound by the time, location or device in order to work. The change means that a new office type that is more flexible and space efficient due to no fixed workplaces, is becoming more common. A problem with this type of offices that are known as flex-offices is that it is not obvious where or when a colleague is in the office, especially if it is large office with multiple floors. The aim of this work is to develop and implement a Location-Based Service for the company Connecta AB. The service will enable users to use their mobile phone to share their current workplace location in an office environment. The result of this work is a Location-Based Service that enables a user to use an Android phone with support for Near Field Communcication to share their current workplace position. The cloud-based server solution, Windows Azure is used to store indexed workplace positions.

Recent studies have shown that there are currently more than 1.08 billion of Smartphones in the world, with around 89% of them used throughout the day. On average each of these users transfers more than 450 Mbytes per month via either a cellular network or a Wi-Fi network. So far it has been up to the user to decide which one of these two networks to use at each particular moment. In this master’s thesis, the potential energy savings that could be achieved by means of automating the choice of network interface are explored. This way, the user equipment itself would be able to initiate handovers from one radio access technology to another depending on each particular service and on the environmental conditions, and hence it could extend its battery life. The work has focused in energy efficient vertical handovers (VHOs) between Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi networks. The rapid growth and increasing interest in LTE networks have been the main reasons why these networks have been chosen over Third Generation Mobile Networks. Nevertheless this work can be easily extended to other radio access technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). During the thesis project, the potential energy savings via VHOs depending on the type of service have been studied, as well as the different processes involved in a handover decision process. In order to do so, an energy consumption profile of each interface has been built, the different services have been modeled, and a heterogeneous scenario with Wi-Fi and LTE networks has been simulated. The thesis presents how these savings change within each service and with the environmental conditions (network load, interferences). The results show that large energy savings can be achieved. Nevertheless, the potential savings for each different user device can significantly differ. The VHO decision process includes two main aspects that need further study: investigating energy efficient ways of discovering accessible Wi-Fi access points and measuring the available throughput in each network at the moment of the decision. In addition, within LTE-Advanced and HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks), a lot of research regarding how LTE operators can offload traffic to smaller networks is being performed. These smaller networks consist basically of LTE micro cells and Wi-Fi. Both the energy savings and the potential energy expenses of offloading different kinds of traffic to a Wi-Fi network were also studied in this master’s thesis project, using the same approach described in the previous two paragraphs. / Enligt beräkningar så finns det nu mer än 1.08 miljarder smarta telefoner i världen, och ungefär 89% av dem används varje dag. Varje användare överför mer än 450 megabyte per månad i genomsnitt, antingen via cellulära mobilnät eller Wi-Fi. För närvarande är det användaren som avgör vilket av dessa interface som ska användas vid varje tidpunkt. I detta examensarbete utvärderas vilka energibesparingar som kan uppnås genom att automatisera valet av nätverksinterface. På detta vis skulle den mobila enheten själv utföra handover från en radioaccessteknik till en annan beroende på aktiva tjänster och på radioomgivningen, och därmed utöka batteriets livstid. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på vertikal handover mellan LTE och Wi-Fi nätverk. Den snabba tillväxten och det ökande intresset för LTE är den främsta anledningen till att LTE har valts istället för 3G. Det är dock möjligt att med små förändringar generalisera arbetet till andra radioaccesstekniker, till exempel WiMAX eller UMTS. De potentiella energibesparingarna genom vertikala handovers för olika typer av tjänster har studerats, liksom de olika stegen i handover-beslutsprocessen. För detta syfte har en energikonsumtionsprofil skapats för varje interface, de olika tjänsterna har modellerats och ett scenario med Wi-Fi- och LTE-nätverk har simulerats. Denna rapport beskriver hur dessa energibesparingar ändras för varje tjänstetyp och med ändringar av omgivningen (nätverkslast och interferens). Resultaten har visat att stora energibesparingar kan uppnås, även om dessa besparingar kan variera mycket för olika UEs. Beslutet om vertikal handover inkluderar två huvudsakliga aspekter som kräver fortsatta studier: energieffektiva metoder för att upptäcka tillgängliga WiFi-accesspunkter som går att ansluta sig till och mätning av den upplevda datahastigheten i varje nätverk före beslutet om vertikal handover tas. Parallelt med detta examensarbete pågår omfattande studier om hur mobiloperatörer kan avlasta datatrafik till basstationer med kortare räckvidd. Dessa småskaliga nätverk förväntas bestå av LTE mikro/pico celler och/eller Wi-Fi nätverk. Detta examensarbete inkluderar även studier av de potentiella energibesparingar eller energikostnader för att avlasta olika slags trafik till Wi-Fi nätverk.

The IEEE 802.11a protocol is part of the IEEE 802 protocols for implementing WLAN Wi- Fi computer communications in various frequencies. These protocols find applications worldwide, covering a wide range of devices like mobile phones, computers, laptops, household appliances, etc. Since wireless communication is being used, data that is transmitted is susceptible to noise. As a means to recover from noise, the data transmitted is encoded using convolutional encoding and correspondingly decoded on the receiver side. The decoder used is the Viterbi decoder, in the PHY layer of the protocol. This thesis investigates soft-decision Viterbi decoder implementations that meet the requirements of the IEEE 802.11a protocol. It aims to implement a rate-flexible design as a coarse grain re-configurable architecture using the SiLago framework. SiLago is a modular approach towards ASIC design. Components are designed as hardened blocks, which means they are synthesised and pre-verified. Each block is also abuttable like LEGO blocks, which allows users to connect compatible blocks and make designs specific to their requirements, while getting performance similar to that of traditional ASICs. This approach significantly reduces the design costs, as verification is a one-time task. The thesis discusses the strongly connected trellis Viterbi decoding algorithm and proposes a design for a soft decision Viterbi decoder. The proposed design meets the throughput requirements of the communication protocol and it can be reconfigured to work for 45 different code rates, with programmable soft decision width and parallelism. The algorithm used is compared against MATLAB for its BER performance. Results from RTL simulations, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed design are discussed. Recommendations for future improvements are also made. / IEEE 802.11a-protokollet är en del av IEEE 802-protokollen för att implementera WLAN Wi-Fi-datorkommunikation i olika frekvenser. Dessa protokoll används i applikationer över hela världen som täcker ett brett spektrum av produkter som mobiltelefoner, datorer, bärbara datorer, hushållsapparater etc. Eftersom trådlös kommunikation används är data som överförs känslig för brus. Som ett medel för att återhämta sig från brus kodas överförd data med hjälp av faltningskodning och avkodas på motsvarande sätt på mottagarsidan. Den avkodare som används är Viterbi-avkodaren, i PHY-skiktet i protokollet. Denna avhandling undersöker mjuka beslut Viterbi avkodarimplementeringar som uppfyller kraven i IEEE 802.11a protokollet. Det syftar till att implementera en hastighetsflexibel design som en grovkornig konfigurerbar arkitektur som använder SiLago ramverket. SiLago är ett modulärt synsätt på ASIC design. Komponenterna är utformade som härda block, vilket innebär att de är syntetiserade och förverifierade. Varje block kan också kopplas ihop, som LEGO block, vilket gör det möjligt för användare att ansluta kompatibla block och göra designer som är specifika för deras krav, samtidigt som de får prestanda som liknar traditionella ASICs. Detta tillvägagångssätt minskar designkostnaderna avsevärt, eftersom verifiering är en engångsuppgift. Avhandlingen diskuterar den starkt kopplade trellis Viterbi-avkodningsalgoritmen och föreslår en design för en mjuk Viterbi-avkodare. Den föreslagna designen uppfyller kommunikationsprotokollets genomströmningskrav och den kan konfigureras om för att fungera för 45 olika kodhastigheter, med programmerbar mjuk beslutsbredd och parallellitet. Algoritmen som används jämförs mot MATLAB för dess BER-prestanda. Resultat från RTL-simuleringar, fördelar och nackdelar med den föreslagna designen diskuteras. Rekommendationer för framtida förbättringar görs också.

Au cours des dernières décennies, nous avons été témoins d'une évolution considérable dans l'informatique mobile, réseau sans fil et des appareils portatifs. Dans les réseaux de communication à venir, les utilisateurs devraient être encore plus mobiles exigeant une connectivité omniprésente à différentes applications qui seront de préférence au courant de leur contexte. Certes, les informations de localisation dans le cadre de leur contexte est d'une importance primordiale à la fois la demande et les perspectives du réseau. Depuis l'application ou de point de vue utilisateur, la fourniture de services peut mettre à jour si l'adaptation au contexte de l'utilisateur est activée. Du point de vue du réseau, des fonctionnalités telles que le routage, la gestion de transfert, l'allocation des ressources et d'autres peuvent également bénéficier si l'emplacement de l'utilisateur peuvent être suivis ou même prédit. Dans ce contexte, nous nous concentrons notre attention sur la localisation à l'intérieur et de la prévision transfert qui sont des composants indispensables à la réussite ultime de l'ère de la communication omniprésente envisagé. Alors que les systèmes de positionnement en plein air ont déjà prouvé leur potentiel dans un large éventail d'applications commerciales, le chemin vers un système de localisation à l'intérieur de succès est reconnu pour être beaucoup plus difficile, principalement en raison des caractéristiques difficiles à l'intérieur et l'exigence d'une plus grande précision. De même, la gestion de transfert dans le futur des réseaux hétérogènes sans fil est beaucoup plus difficile que dans les réseaux traditionnels homogènes. Régimes de procédure de transfert doit être sans faille pour la réunion strictes de qualité de service (QoS) des applications futures et fonctionnel malgré la diversité des caractéristiques de fonctionnement des différentes technologies. En outre, les décisions transfert devraient être suffisamment souples pour tenir compte des préférences utilisateur d'un large éventail de critères proposés par toutes les technologies. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de mettre au point précis, l'heure et l'emplacement de puissance et de systèmes efficaces de gestion de transfert afin de mieux satisfaire applications sensibles au contexte et mobiles. Pour obtenir une localisation à l'intérieur, le potentiel de réseau local sans fil (WLAN) et Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) que l'emplacement autonome technologies de détection sont d'abord étudiés par des essais plusieurs algorithmes et paramètres dans un banc d'essai expérimental réel ou par de nombreuses simulations, alors que leurs lacunes sont également été identifiés. Leur intégration dans une architecture commune est alors proposée afin de combiner leurs principaux avantages et surmonter leurs limitations. La supériorité des performances du système de synergie sur le stand alone homologues est validée par une analyse approfondie. En ce qui concerne la tâche de gestion transfert, nous repérer que la sensibilité au contexte peut aussi améliorer la fonctionnalité du réseau. En conséquence, deux de tels systèmes qui utilisent l'information obtenue à partir des systèmes de localisation sont proposées. Le premier schéma repose sur un déploiement tag RFID, comme notre architecture de positionnement RFID, et en suivant la scène WLAN analyse du concept de positionnement, prédit l'emplacement réseau de la prochaine couche, c'est à dire le prochain point de fixation sur le réseau. Le second régime repose sur une approche intégrée RFID et sans fil de capteur / actionneur Network (WSAN) de déploiement pour la localisation des utilisateurs physiques et par la suite pour prédire la prochaine leur point de transfert à deux couches de liaison et le réseau. Etre indépendant de la technologie d'accès sans fil principe sous-jacent, les deux régimes peuvent être facilement mises en œuvre dans des réseaux hétérogènes [...] / Over the last few decades, we have been witnessing a tremendous evolution in mobile computing, wireless networking and hand-held devices. In the future communication networks, users are anticipated to become even more mobile demanding for ubiquitous connectivity to different applications which will be preferably aware of their context. Admittedly, location information as part of their context is of paramount importance from both application and network perspectives. From application or user point of view, service provision can upgrade if adaptation to the user's context is enabled. From network point of view, functionalities such as routing, handoff management, resource allocation and others can also benefit if user's location can be tracked or even predicted. Within this context, we focus our attention on indoor localization and handoff prediction which are indispensable components towards the ultimate success of the envisioned pervasive communication era. While outdoor positioning systems have already proven their potential in a wide range of commercial applications, the path towards a successful indoor location system is recognized to be much more difficult, mainly due to the harsh indoor characteristics and requirement for higher accuracy. Similarly, handoff management in the future heterogeneous wireless networks is much more challenging than in traditional homogeneous networks. Handoff schemes must be seamless for meeting strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the future applications and functional despite the diversity of operation features of the different technologies. In addition, handoff decisions should be flexible enough to accommodate user preferences from a wide range of criteria offered by all technologies. The main objective of this thesis is to devise accurate, time and power efficient location and handoff management systems in order to satisfy better context-aware and mobile applications. For indoor localization, the potential of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies as standalone location sensing technologies are first studied by testing several algorithms and metrics in a real experimental testbed or by extensive simulations, while their shortcomings are also identified. Their integration in a common architecture is then proposed in order to combine their key benefits and overcome their limitations. The performance superiority of the synergetic system over the stand alone counterparts is validated via extensive analysis. Regarding the handoff management task, we pinpoint that context awareness can also enhance the network functionality. Consequently, two such schemes which utilize information obtained from localization systems are proposed. The first scheme relies on a RFID tag deployment, alike our RFID positioning architecture, and by following the WLAN scene analysis positioning concept, predicts the next network layer location, i.e. the next point of attachment to the network. The second scheme relies on an integrated RFID and Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network (WSAN) deployment for tracking the users' physical location and subsequently for predicting next their handoff point at both link and network layers. Being independent of the underlying principle wireless access technology, both schemes can be easily implemented in heterogeneous networks. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed schemes over the standard protocols regarding prediction accuracy, time latency and energy savings

ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) Integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) program is currently testing a wireless local area networking (WLAN) in an L-band telemetry (TM) channel to evaluate the feasibility and capabilities of enhancing traditional TM methods in a seamless wide area network (WAN). Several advantages of networking are real-time command and control of instrumentation formats, quick-look acquisition, data retransmission and recovery (gapless TM) and test point real-time verification. These networking functions, and all others, need to be tested and evaluated. The iNET team is developing a WLAN based on 802.x technologies to test the feasibility of the enhanced telemetry implementation for flight testing.