Os sistemas de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos prevêem fases que envolvem desde a sua geração até a disposição final. A atividade de coleta seletiva de materiais previamente segregados é uma parte importante deste gerenciamento. Os custos envolvidos neste tipo de coleta, normalmente mais elevados que os custos da coleta regular, fazem com que esta prática não seja efetuada pela maioria dos municípios brasileiros. Esses municípios tampouco são beneficiados por parcerias privadas, uma vez que o retorno financeiro gerado pela venda do material reciclável geralmente não cobre os custos de coleta, triagem e transporte. A partir deste panorama, este trabalho busca oferecer uma contribuição para o melhor entendimento dos custos envolvidos na operação de coleta destes resíduos. Neste trabalho foram analisados os custos de três sistemas de coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos domiciliares: por pontos de entrega voluntária (PEVs), porta-a-porta, e um sistema híbrido entre os dois anteriores. A análise levou em conta os custos de transporte, que incluem custos operacionais e custos de capital para cada uma das alternativas. Um SIG-T foi utilizado para determinar a distância percorrida pelos veículos e uma metodologia para a determinação do custo total foi desenvolvida em função da quilometragem percorrida e quantidade de mão-de-obra e equipamentos utilizados. Conclui-se que o melhor método de coleta sempre estará intimamente ligado às características do local em que será implantado. Comparando os três sistemas, observou-se que para a área e para as condições apresentadas neste estudo, o sistema porta-a-porta se mostrou o mais eficaz / Urban solid waste management comprehends phases from its generation to its final disposal. The previously separated materials collection activity is an important part of this management. The costs involved in this type of collection, usually higher than conventional collection costs, make this practice not so used by Brazilian municipalities. These municipalities are neither benefited by private partnerships since the economic feedback from materials sale generally does not cover collection, separation and transport costs. From this point of view, this work seeks for a contribution to the best understanding of the involved costs in the collection operation activity. In this work the costs of three collection systems were studied: by voluntary delivery locations (VDLs), door-to-door, and a hybrid system between the preceding ones. The analysis took for granted the transportation costs to which one of the alternatives, which include operational costs and capital costs. A GIS-Trans had been used to define the traveled distance by the collection vehicles, and a cost determination methodology was developed as function of the traveled distance and the amount of labor and equipments used. It’s concluded that the choice of the best collection method will always be related with implementation area peculiarities. Comparing the three collection systems described above, the door-to-door system is showed to be more efficient for the presented area and conditions assumed for this study

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A melhoria nos processos produtivos em busca da eficiência na produção de novos bens e o crescimento populacional acompanhado pela elevação no consumo, ocasionam uma crescente geração de resíduos sólidos. Verifica-se que os problemas ambientais são decorrentes do perfil de consumo que as pessoas passaram a adotar ao longo dos anos, porém há um aumento de preocupação com a destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela sociedade. O reflexo desta preocupação são leis que foram criadas para proteger o meio ambiente. Um marco na legislação brasileira foi a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, que busca com o apoio dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, realizar uma gestão correta dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. No entanto, no país, os empreendimentos que realizam a coleta, triagem e comercialização de resíduos sólidos, possuem níveis elevados de rejeitos ocasionados nas atividades internas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em dois empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis localizados na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS para propor, a partir destes estudos, ações voltadas ao aumento da eficiência de triagem dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis instalados em vários municípios brasileiros. Foi possível observar que variáveis externas às atividades dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, como veículo utilizado na coleta, influenciam nos níveis de rejeitos encaminhados aos aterros. Gerencialmente, a coleta seletiva é mais eficaz para obter melhor aproveitamento dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. A COOTRE que realiza a coleta seletiva de RSU com caminhão com carroceria e tria com a esteira parada, apresenta eficiência de 97,1% na triagem dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Já a COOPERESÍDUOS que recebe RSU procedentes da coleta regular realizada com caminhão compactador e opera a triagem em uma esteira com velocidade de 20m/min, possui eficiência de 15,6% na triagem de materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Cabe considerar, contudo que, embora percentualmente esta eficiência seja bem menor que a da outra cooperativa, em função da quantidade de resíduos coletados nesta forma (regular com posterior triagem) ser muito maior, o resultado financeiro ainda é superior. A efetiva melhoria no processo está na mudança do sistema de coleta, de regular para seletiva, já que na coleta regular realizada hoje em São Leopoldo, 59,7% do total coletado é inadequado à reciclagem de inertes. Estes resíduos nem deveriam passar por qualquer triagem, sendo encaminhados diretamente para área de disposição final. / The improvement in production processes in pursuit of efficiency in the production of consumer goods and population growth accompanied by an increase in consumption, cause an increasing solid waste generation. It appears that environmental problems are arising from the consumption profile that people have adopted over the years, but there is a concern increased with the proper disposal of solid waste generated by society. The reflection of this concern are laws that are designed to protect the environment. A milestone in Brazilian law was the National Solid Waste Policy, which seeks the support of pickers of recyclable materials enterprises, conduct proper management of municipal solid waste. However, in the country, the enterprises that carry out the collection, sorting and marketing of solid waste, have caused high levels of waste in the internal activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the management of municipal solid waste in two projects of recyclable material collectors located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS to propose, from these studies, actions aimed at increasing the enterprises screening efficiency of recyclable material collectors installed in various municipalities. It was observed that external variables to the activities of waste pickers ventures as a vehicle used in the collection, influence the levels of waste sent to landfills. Management, selective collection is more effective for better use of potentially recyclable materials. The COOTRE that performs the selective collection of MSW with truck body and with industry to stop treadmill, shows 97,1% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. COOPERESÍDUOS already receiving MSW coming from the regular collection held with compactor truck and operates screening on a treadmill at a speed of 20m / min, it has 15,6% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. It is worth noting, however, that although this percentage efficiency is much lower than that of the other cooperative, depending on the amount of waste collected in this way (with subsequent regular screening) be much larger, the financial result is even higher. The actual process improvement lies in changing the collection system regularly for selective, since the regular collection held today in São Leopoldo, 59,7% of the total collected is inadequate recycling of aggregates. This waste should not go through any screening being sent directly to final disposal area.

Detta arbete visar ett utformningsförslag på ett modernt miljöhus som skall underlätta källsortering av returförpackningar i samhället, baserat på arkitektoniska och tekniska funktioner. Arbetet grundar sig i de växande miljöproblemen som planeten jorden utsätts för, där källsortering och återvinning är två viktiga faktorer som måste utvecklas ytterligare för att kunna bidra till en förminskad klimatförändring. Studien baseras på tidigare framtagna teorier, observationer, enkätundersökningar och intervjuer med sakkunniga. Resultaten visar att ett miljöhus utformat utan fram- eller baksida och utan ingång, underlättar för sortering av avfall. / This work shows a design proposal of a modern recycling house, which is developed to ease waste sorting in a community, based on architectural och technical functions. The work is based on the constantly growing environmental issues that affects planet earth. Waste sorting och recycling are two important factors that have to be further developed to contribute to a reduced climate change. The study is based on previous produced theories, observations, surveys and interviews with experts in different areas. The results shows that a recycling house with no front or back and without entrance, makes it easier for people to engage in waste sorting.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4997522 bytes, checksum: b649b74ff3a7c2047fcab0eeccf56be9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Brazilian Federal Law number 12,305, August 2nd, 2010, which instituted the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS), establishes deadlines for some actions, such as the removal of sanitary landfills and the environmentally appropriate waste disposal, by 2014. However, this Law, a historic mark in the environmental management of the country, is subject to failure in its implementation if there is not a commitment between all the political entities of the Brazilian federation. In this context, this study is aimed at analyzing the solid waste management in the cities of Aracaju (SE) and João Pessoa (PB), both located in the northeastern part of Brazil, focusing on the methods of final disposal, the collection programs, and the problems faced in the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy on Solid Waste. To achieve the main objective of the study, it was necessary to prepare an investigation concerning the administration and management of urban solid waste in João Pessoa and in Aracaju, in order to identify the technical, economic, and socio-environmental issues that encompass the subject. We gathered information about the methods of final disposal, the separate collection systems in the cities, the plans, the actions, the laws of each city, the practices performed as well as their infrastructures. These data allowed a comparison between the cities studied. The Data Collection Method used was the Primary Data and the Secondary Data. The collection instrument was the field research (extensive direct observation), and surveys. The methods of data analysis were quantitative and qualitative, represented by simple statistics in graphics, tables, charts and flowcharts. The results showed that the cities have similarities regarding the prospects of developing proposals to implement the policy, but both face difficulties related to technical training, financial resources, environmental awareness and meeting the deadlines established by the specific law. Also, we verified that, in general, the political issues in Brazil have influence in the decision-making, therefore affect the planning of the waste management systems, inhibiting successful experiences. It was also discovered that the cities lack a system for collecting consistent, comprehensive and standardized data on quantities, compositions of solid waste and quality indicators that enable the scope and efficiency of these data systems. This shows that there is a need to restructure all executive areas directly or indirectly responsible for this issue in Brazil. Only then, will it achieve the desired objectives in the legislation, and enable an effective supervision in order to provide continuity in the actions to be implemented. / A Lei Federal Brasileira nº 12.305, de agosto de 2010, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), estabelece prazos ou limites temporais para algumas ações, como a eliminação de lixões e a consequente destinação final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos até 2014. Contudo, a implementação desta Lei, marco histórico na gestão ambiental do País, enfrentará grandes desafios que necessitam de comprometimento entre os entes da federação brasileira para que as metas sejam alcançadas. Neste contexto, o estudo objetivou analisar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos nos municípios de Aracaju (SE) e João Pessoa (PB), ambos localizados na região nordeste, focando as formas de disposição final, os programas de coleta seletiva e os problemas enfrentados para o cumprimento da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Para alcançar o objetivo principal do estudo foi necessário a elaboração de um diagnóstico quanto à gestão e o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos das capitais Aracaju e João Pessoa, de modo a elencar as dificuldades técnicas, econômicas e socioambientais que englobam a temática. Para isso, foram levantadas informações acerca das formas de disposição final e sistemas de coleta seletiva dos municípios, dos planos, das ações, das legislações municipais e das práticas realizadas, assim como das infraestruturas instaladas. Esses dados permitiram uma análise comparativa entre os municípios estudados. A metodologia utilizada para levantamento das informações foi de ordem primária e secundária, tendo como instrumentos de coleta a pesquisa de campo (observação direta extensiva) e o formulário de entrevista aberta. Os métodos de análise dos dados foram quantitativos e qualitativos, representados através de estatística simples em gráficos, tabelas, quadros e fluxogramas. Os resultados mostraram que os municípios apresentam semelhanças quanto às perspectivas de elaboração de projetos para implementação da Política, porém ambos enfrentam dificuldades relacionadas à capacitação técnica, a recursos financeiros, a sensibilização ambiental e aos cumprimentos dos prazos estipulados pela Lei em questão. Também, foi possível constatar que, de modo geral, as questões políticas no Brasil influem nas tomadas de decisões, pois afetam o planejamento dos sistemas de gestão de resíduos impossibilitando experiências exitosas. Verificou-se, ainda, que falta um sistema de coleta de dados consistentes, compreensivos e padronizados sobre quantidades, composições de resíduos sólidos e indicadores de qualidade que possibilitem o alcance e eficiência da gestão de resíduos. Salienta-se que se faz necessária a reestruturação em todas as instancias executivas direta ou indiretamente responsáveis por tal temática no Brasil. Só assim será possível atingir as metas estabelecidas na legislação e viabilizar uma fiscalização efetiva para que haja continuidade nas ações a serem implementadas.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La estrategia de la Unión Europea para la gestión de residuos se articula a través de una serie de directivas que toman como punto de partida la Directiva 2008/98/CE. En ella, se establece un marco jurídico para el tratamiento de los residuos diseñado para preservar el medio ambiente, poniendo el foco en la importancia del empleo de las mejores técnicas disponibles para la gestión, recuperación y reciclado de residuos, reduciendo así el uso de los recursos naturales. Ello ha derivado en diferentes normativas que obligan a las economías a ser más sostenibles, priorizando la minimización de residuos y, cuando no sea posible, favoreciendo su reutilización y reciclado. En España, todo ello ha sido traspuesto al ordenamiento jurídico a través de la reciente Ley 7 /2022, de 8 de abril, de residuos y suelos contaminados para una economía circular, en la que el papel protagonista recae en los municipios. La ciudad de Castelló de la Plana es una ciudad mediterránea de tamaño medio que dispone de un sistema completo de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos y que, como todo sistema, presenta oportunidades de mejora. El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral es, por tanto, la mejora del sistema de gestión de residuos actual partiendo de un análisis detallado de sus principales dimensiones. Concretamente, se ha analizado la evolución histórica de las principales fracciones de residuos de la ciudad observando cómo los factores externos pueden afectar a su tendencia; se ha estudiado la composición de los biorresiduos recogidos selectivamente para ayudar al dimensionamiento de los servicios de recogida y de nuevas instalaciones de valorización provinciales; se ha propuesto la mejor tecnología de motorización disponible para la renovación de la flota de vehículos recolectores y se ha desarrollado una metodología para priorizar los planes de acción incluidos en el Plan Local de Residuos de la ciudad, a través de un análisis de sus principales indicadores. Estas propuestas de mejora están encaminadas al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible fijados para el año 2030 y atienden, por tanto, a demandas de sostenibilidad y circularidad. En cuanto a la forma de presentación de este trabajo, debe reseñarse que ha sido elaborado mediante el compendio de publicaciones en las que se han evaluado las cuatro dimensiones del sistema citadas anteriormente. Para ello, se han analizado investigaciones anteriores y, utilizando los datos propios del municipio, se han realizado análisis estadísticos y de decisión multicriterio para obtener resultados que facilitan los procesos de toma de decisiones estratégicas, tácticas y operativas que mejorarán la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos. De estos análisis, se han extraído importantes conclusiones que permitirán manejar mejor futuras situaciones extraordinarias (como la reciente crisis sanitaria), realizar acciones encaminadas a la mejora en la separación en origen, mejorar las flotas de vehículos de recogida de residuos y optimizar los recursos municipales mediante la priorización de planes de acción. Estos resultados pueden suponer una aportación muy útil para los responsables municipales en gestión de residuos ya que, mediante el uso de los métodos aquí definidos, se proporcionan aportaciones teóricas y prácticas para la toma de decisiones, así como para el desarrollo de futuros trabajos de investigación. / [CA] L'estratègia de la Unió Europea per a la gestió de residus s'articula a través d'una sèrie de directives que prenen com a punt de partida la Directiva 2008/98/CE. En ella, s'estableix un marc jurídic per al tractament dels residus dissenyat per a preservar el medi ambient, posant el focus en la importància de l'ús de les millors tècniques disponibles per a la gestió, recuperació i reciclatge de residus, reduint així l'ús dels recursos naturals. Això ha derivat en diferents normatives que obliguen les economies a ser més sostenibles, prioritzant la minimització de residus i, quan no siga possible, afavorint la seua reutilització i reciclatge. A Espanya, tot això ha sigut transposat a l'ordenament jurídic a través de la recent Llei 7 /2022, de 8 d'abril, de residus i sòls contaminats per a una economia circular, en la qual el paper protagonista recau en els municipis. La ciutat de Castelló de la Plana és una ciutat mediterrània de grandària mitjana que disposa d'un sistema complet de gestió de residus sòlids urbans i que, com tot sistema, presenta oportunitats de millora. L'objectiu fonamental d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral és, per tant, la millora del sistema de gestió de residus actual partint d'una anàlisi detallada de les seues principals dimensions. Concretament, s'ha analitzat l'evolució històrica de les principals fraccions de residus de la ciutat observant com els factors externs poden afectar la seua tendència; s'ha estudiat la composició dels bioresidus recollits selectivament per a ajudar al dimensionament dels serveis de recollida i de noves instal·lacions de valorització provincials; s'ha proposat la millor tecnologia de motorització disponible per a la renovació de la flota de vehicles recol·lectors i s'ha desenvolupat una metodologia per a prioritzar els plans d'acció inclosos en el Pla Local de Residus de la ciutat, a través d'una anàlisi dels seus principals indicadors. Aquestes propostes de millora estan encaminades al compliment dels Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible fixats per a l'any 2030 i atenen, per tant, a demandes de sostenibilitat i circularitat. Quant a la forma de presentació d'aquest treball, ha de ressenyar-se que ha sigut elaborat mitjançant el compendi de publicacions en les quals s'han avaluat les quatre dimensions del sistema citades anteriorment. Per a això, s'han analitzat investigacions anteriors i, utilitzant les dades pròpies del municipi, s'han realitzat anàlisis estadístiques i de decisió multicriteri per a obtindre resultats que faciliten els processos de presa de decisions estratègiques, tàctiques i operatives que milloraran la gestió dels residus sòlids urbans. D'aquestes anàlisis, s'han extret importants conclusions que permetran manejar millor futures situacions extraordinàries (com la recent crisi sanitària), realitzar accions encaminades a la millora en la separació en origen, millorar les flotes de vehicles de recollida de residus i optimitzar els recursos municipals mitjançant la priorització de plans d'acció. Aquests resultats poden suposar una aportació molt útil per als responsables municipals en gestió de residus ja que, mitjançant l'ús dels mètodes ací definits, es proporcionen aportacions teòriques i pràctiques per a la presa de decisions, així com per al desenvolupament de futurs treballs de recerca. / [EN] The European Union's strategy for waste management is articulated through a series of directives that take Directive 2008/98/EC as a starting point. It establishes a legal framework for waste treatment designed to preserve the environment, focusing on the importance of using the best available techniques for waste management, recovery and recycling, thus reducing the use of natural resources. This has led to different regulations that oblige economies to be more sustainable, prioritizing waste minimization and, when this is not possible, favouring its reuse and recycling. In Spain, all this has been transposed into the legal system through the recent Law 7 /2022, of April 8, on waste and contaminated soils for a circular economy, in which the leading role falls to the municipalities. The city of Castelló de la Plana is a medium-sized Mediterranean city that has a complete system of solid urban waste management and that, like any system, presents opportunities for improvement. The main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is, therefore, the improvement of the current waste management system based on a detailed analysis of its main dimensions. Specifically, the historical evolution of the main waste fractions of the city has been analysed, observing how external factors can affect their trend; the composition of bio-waste collected selectively has been studied to help the sizing of collection services and new provincial recovery facilities; the best available motorization technology has been proposed for the renewal of the fleet of collection vehicles and a methodology has been developed to prioritize the action plans included in the Local Waste Plan of the city, through an analysis of its main indicators. These improvement proposals are aimed at meeting the Sustainable Development Goals set for the year 2030 and therefore address sustainability and circularity demands. With regard to the presentation of this work, it should be noted that it has been prepared by means of a compendium of publications in which the four dimensions of the system mentioned above have been evaluated. For this purpose, previous research has been analysed and, using the municipality's own data, statistical and multi-criteria decision analyses have been carried out to obtain results that facilitate the strategic, tactical and operational decision-making processes that will improve the management of urban solid waste. From these analyses, important conclusions have been drawn that will make it possible to better manage future extraordinary situations (such as the recent health crisis), carry out actions aimed at improving separation at source, improve waste collection vehicle fleets and optimize municipal resources by prioritizing action plans. These results can be a very useful contribution for municipal waste management managers since, by using the methods defined here, theoretical and practical contributions are provided for decision making, as well as for the development of future research work. / Moreno Solaz, H. (2023). Análisis y mejora del sistema integral de gestión de resíduos sólidos urbanos en la ciudad de Castellón de la Plana respondiendo a demandas de sostenibilidad y circularidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/199548 / Compendio

Thesis (M. Com. (Accounting)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / South Africa has seen an increase in population over the years and that has resulted in the increase in waste which has created problems in waste collection. Waste management service delivery has become one of the essential services provided by local municipalities. It is essential for local municipalities to effectively provide waste management services to the public. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of the waste management budget on waste management service delivery. A quantitative research approach is used in the study and secondary data was sourced from local municipalities' websites for 12 years, that is, the reporting period from 2010 - 2021. The study tests the correlation between waste capital expenditure, waste operating expenditure, waste collection revenue, Budget performance and municipal waste management service delivery in selected municipalities in South Africa. Using the Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) the results indicated that there is a significant correlation between municipal waste management service delivery and waste capital expenditure, waste operating expenditure, waste collection revenue and budget performance. The study suggests that local municipalities should increase their municipal waste budget to improve the quality of waste management service delivery.

L’augmentation de la quantité des déchets ménagers dans le District d’Abidjan constitue une pression énorme pour l’environement et la santé des populations. Les soutiens ponctuels des organismes internationaux tels que la Banque Mondiale et la présence de nombreux acteurs (Etat, institutions internationales, acteurs locaux) n’ont pas empêché la persistance de la problématique de la gestion des déchets dans l’agglomération abidjanaise. La faiblesse du rendement et du taux de recouvrement de la Taxe d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères imputée aux ménages pour la gestion des ordures, ne permet pas de répondre aux besoins de financement de la filière. Ainsi, cette thèse analyse les conditions et effets de l’accès des ménages d’Abidjan à un service amélioré de collecte des déchets. Pour cela, nous avons mené une enquête d’évaluation contingente (consentement à payer). En recourant à un modèle de choix discret (probit), nous avons pu mettre en évidence le lien entre les caractéristiques des ménages et leur volonté à participer à une gestion améliorée de leurs ordures. Nous avons démontré l’existence d’un lien entre l’accès à des services de collecte des déchets et aux latrines améliorées. Ce résultat va dans le sens des ODD qui préconisent une gestion intégrée de l’assainissement. Le recours à une méthode d’appariement a permis d’évaluer, de manière originale, les bénéfices du recours à un service informel de pré-collecte des déchets pour les ménages enquêtés. Les déterminants de la demande avérée pour un service informel ont d’abord été identifiés. L’indice de richesse (richesse matérielle), le genre, la durée de stockage des ordures, le fait que le ménage considère les maladies comme étant le problème majeur lié aux déchets, sont les facteurs qui expliquent le recours à un service de pré-collecte de leurs ordures. Par ailleurs, ce recours génère, d’après les résultats de la modélisation, des bénéfices socio-économiques quantifiables en termes d’une part, de développement socio-économique et humain et d’autre part, en termes de solutions de financement de la filière par la mise en place d’une taxe incitative (au ramassage des ordures). Enfin, à l’aide de la méthode des prix hédonistes appliquée aux données de notre enquête, nous avons identifié une relation positive entre les équipements de base d’un logement tel que l’accès à l’eau, à l’électricité et aux latrines et le prix des loyers. En revanche, la faible qualité du service actuel de collecte des ordures ménagères dans les quartiers enquêtés ou le fait que la charge liée à la collecte soit récurrente, expliqueraient sa non influence sur le prix locatif des logements. / The increase in amount of household wastes in Abidjan is an enormous strain on the environment and on the health of local populations.Support from international institutions such as the World Bank and the presence of many actors (State, international institutions and local actors) have not prevented the persistence of the waste management problem in Abidjan. In this thesis, we analyse the conditions and implications of households for improved waste collection service in Abidjan. For this, we conducted a contingent valuation survey (willingness to pay). By using a discrete choice (probit) model, we were able to highlight the link between household characteristics and their willingness to participate in improved waste management. We have demonstrated a link between access to waste collection services and improved latrines. This result is in line with the SDGs, which advocate integrated sanitation management.At first, the determinants of the demand turned out for an informal service were identified. The wealth index, the gender, the duration of storage of the garbage, the fact that the household considers the diseases as being the major problem bound to waste, are the factors which explain the recourse to a service of pre-collection of their garbage. Besides, this recourse generates, according to the results of the modelling, quantifiable socioeconomic profits in terms of socioeconomic and human development in the first hand and on the other hand, in terms of solutions of financing of the sector by the implementation of an incentive tax. Finally, by using the hedonic price method, which applied to our survey data, we identified a positive relationship between the basic attachments of a dwelling such as access to water, electricity and latrines and the price of rents. On the other hand, the low quality of the current garbage collection service would explain its no-influence on the rental price of housing

Solid waste management is a global issue that affects everyone. The management of waste collection routes is a critical challenge in urban environments, primarily due to inefficient routing. This thesis investigates the use of real-time virtual replicas, namely Digital Twins to optimize waste collection routes. By leveraging the capabilities of digital twins, this study intends to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of waste collection operations. The ‘gap’ that the study aims to uncover is hence at the intersection of smart cities, Digital Twins, and waste collection routing. The research methodology comprises of three key components. First, an exploration of five widely used metaheuristic algorithms provides a qualitative understanding of their applicability in vehicle routing, and consecutively waste collection route optimization. Building on this foundation, a simple smart routing scenario for waste collection is presented, highlighting the limitations of a purely Internet of Things (IoT)-based approach. Next, the findings from this demonstration motivate the need for a more data-driven and intelligent solution, leading to the introduction of the Digital Twin concept. Subsequently, a twin framework is developed, which encompasses the technical anatomy and methodology required to create and utilize Digital Twins to optimize waste collection, considering factors such as real-time data integration, predictive analytics, and optimization algorithms. The outcome of this research contributes to the growing concept of smart cities and paves the way toward practical implementations in revolutionizing waste management and creating a sustainable future. / Sophantering är ett globalt problem som påverkar alla, och hantering av sophämtningsrutter är en kritisk utmaning i stadsmiljöer. Den här avhandlingen undersöker användningen av virtuella kopior i realtid, nämligen digitala tvillingar, för att optimera sophämtningsrutter. Genom att utnyttja digitala tvillingars förmågor, avser den här studien att förbättra effektiviteten av sophämtning. Forskningsmetoden består av tre nyckeldelar. Först, en undersökning av fem välanvända Metaheuristika algoritmer som ger en kvalitativ förståelse av deras applicerbarhet i fordonsdirigering och således i optimeringen av sophämtningsrutter. Baserat på detta presenteras ett enkelt smart ruttscenario för sophämtning som understryker bristerna av att bara använda Internet of Things (IoT). Sedan motiverar resultaten av demonstrationen nödvändigheten för en mer datadriven och intelligent lösning, vilket leder till introduktionen av konceptet med digitala tvillingar. Därefter utvecklas ett ramverk för digitala tvillingar som omfattar den tekniska anatomin och metod som krävs för att skapa och använda digitala tvillingar för att optimera sophämtningsrutter. Dessa tar i beaktning faktorer såsom realtidsdataintegrering, prediktiv analys och optimeringsalgoritmer. Slutsatserna av studien bidrar till det växande konceptet av smarta städer och banar väg för praktisk implementation i revolutionerande sophantering och för skapandet för en hållbar framtid.