Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) is an important South African commercial forestry species, providing a source of high quality raw material (fibre) for both the domestic and international pulp and paper industries. Compared with many Pinus and Eucalyptus species, there has been very little research into the wood and pulping properties of black wattle. The ability to assess pulp yield in a non-destructive manner, using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, is vital from a tree improvement perspective. Destructive sampling and analysis, results in the loss of the genotype, while also being very expensive and time consuming. In order to assess some of the important characteristics that make the species desirable from a fibre perspective, this study investigates growth characteristics, wood density and pulp yield of ten trees grown on each of three different sites namely, Bloemendal, Glen Echo and Phoenix, and from each of three different age classes being 7- , 9- and 11-years-old. In total, 90 trees were sampled for this stage of the study. In general, physical characteristics such as utilisable height and diameter at breast height of the trees differed between sites and increased with age, this age effect trend was not reflected in the pulp yield or wood density results. Pulp yield measurements ranged from 52.61 to 59.91% across all sites and age classes, which, when compared to the pulp yield from many other forestry species, is relatively high. Laboratory pulp yield data was used in conjunction with NIR spectra obtained from the same wood samples to calibrate a NIR spectrophotometer to predict pulp yield. Thirty 11- year-old trees were then chosen from the Bloemendal site and sampled extensively to investigate the within-tree variation in pulp yield. The NIR model developed was used to measure the pulp yield from the numerous samples taken from within the trees. In general, pulp yield decreased from pith to bark and from the base of the tree to about 20% of the tree height and then decreased towards the top of the tree. The within-tree variation data for pulp yield was analysed to identify the best position for non-destructive sampling, and a model was then developed to predict whole tree pulp yield based on this sample, which was taken at 1.4 m up the tree. The analyses of small samples of wood meal, using near infrared spectroscopy, enabled the prediction of whole tree pulp yield. / Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential tree taxa that could be grown as a source of biomass in the Cape Winelands region. The trials comprises of two different aspects. The first being the estimation of potential volume, density and biomass of a pair of six year-old stands of E. gomphocephala and E. cladocalyx families at two climatically different sites within the study region. The second part of the study was the early growth assessment of alternative taxa that could be planted in the region compared to the regional mainstay E. cladocalyx. The volume of families was estimated using appropriate volume equations and using the form height were none were available. The best volume yield varied from 4.6 to 11.2 m3 ha-1a-1, at the dry and sub-humid sites, respectively. Wood density, estimated from non-destructive samples at both sites, varied from 620 (sub-humid) to 588 kg m-3 (dry site). The estimated biomass production rate of the top producing families yielded 2.7 and 6.9 t ha -1a -1 at the dry and sub-humid sites, respectively. In terms of estimated biomass and survival, E. gomphocephala was more suited to the dry site, while E. cladocalyx displayed superior yield than E. gomphocephala on the sub-humid site, but not significantly so. Early growth assessment of the trial of alternative taxa found that the hybrid E. grandis × camldulensis and E. grandis × urophylla had superior biomass indices, but were more susceptible to infestation by Thaumastocoris peregrinus and Gonipterus scuttelatus. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om potensiële boom taksa vir gebruik as ’n bron van biomassa in die Kaapse Wynlandstreek te ondersoek. Die proewe behels twee aspekte: eerstens die beraming van die potensiële volume, digtheid en biomassa van sesjaaroue opstande met families van E. gomphocephala en E. cladocalyx by twee klimatologies verskillende groeiplekke in die studiegebied; tweedens die beoordeling van die vroeë groei van alternatiewe taksa wat in die streek geplant kan word in vergelyking met die streek se historiese staatmaker-spesie E. cladocalyx. Die volume van die families is beraam deur gebruik te maak van toepaslike volumevergelykings, en met behulp van ’n vormfaktor waar vergelykings nie beskikbaar was nie. Die volume aanwas by die droë en sub-humiede groeiplekke was onderskeidelik 4.6 en 11.2 m3 ha-1j-1. Houtdigtheid is beraam deur nie-destruktiewe monsters uit die opstand te neem. Gemiddelde digthede het variëer van 588 (sub-humied) tot 620 kg m-3 (droë groeiplek). Die beraamde biomassaproduksie van die top-families beloop onderskeidelik 2.7 en 6.9 t ha -1j -1 vir die droë en sub-humiede groeiplekke. In terme van beraamde biomassa en oorlewing, is E. gomphocephala meer geskik vir droër groeiplekke , terwyl E. cladocalyx by die sub-humiede groeiplek ’n hoër opbrengs as E. gomphocephala getoon het, hoewel nie betekenisvol nie. Beramings van die vroeë groei by die proef met alternatiewe taksa het getoon dat die basters E. grandis × camldulensis en E. grandis × urophylla hoër biomassa-indekse het, maar meer vatbaar is vir besmetting deur Thaumastocoris peregrinus en Gonipterus scuttelatus. / Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:01:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 897624 bytes, checksum: d480d10072d149a1cc7bfa53c79a065b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of fifteen eucalypt clones forest productivity on wood basic density and kraft pulping yield. Four regions with different raining intensities were used for this study. The base was a trial of genetic and environmental interaction, testing 48 hybrids eucalipt clones, of with 15 with bether silvicultural performance were selected for basic density and kraft pulping yeld analysis. Results obtained demonstrated significant differences in forest annual growth increments and the correlation between forest productivity and wood basic density, showed itself low, concerning genetic aspect and negatively high, considering environmental aspect. It was also detected lower pulping yields for eucalypts clones planted in lower productivity regions and having higher wood density. Differently from other studies published by technical literatures, the alkali charge for pulping did not show significant correlation with pulping yield. / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da produtividade de 15 clones híbridos de eucalipto, plantados em quatro regiões de precipitações pluviométricas distintas, na densidade básica da madeira e na polpação kraft. A base do estudo foi um experimento de interação genótipo x ambiente, em que 48 clones híbridos de eucalipto foram plantados em quatro regiões distintas em termos de precipitação, na região extremo sul da Bahia. Os melhores 15 clones em termos de desempenho silvicultural foram selecionados para análise de densidade básica e polpação Kraft. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições por local e seis plantas por parcela. Aos 7 anos de idade, os clones foram mensurados e avaliados do ponto de vista silvicultural, ou seja, forma do tronco e da copa, além da incidência de doenças. Os 15 melhores clones tiveram suas madeiras amostradas e transformadas em cavacos, para posterior determinação de suas densidades básicas, também foram submetidos a cozimentos Kraft em digestor Batch, contendo células para 250 gramas de cavacos. Os resultados indicaram diferença significativa de incremento médioanual entre as quatro regiões estudadas, mostrando efeito positivo da precipitação sobre a produtividade e a correlação entre o IMA e a densidade básica da madeira, baixa no aspecto genético e negativamente alta, no aspecto ambiental. Também foi observado menor rendimento de celulose dos clones na região onde ocorreu a menor produtividade e maior densidade da madeira, provavelmente pela maior dificuldade de impregnação dos cavacos pelo álcali. Contrariando outros estudos descritos em literatura, a demanda de álcali para polpação não apresentou correlação com o rendimento decelulose.

No contexto das mudanças climáticas, a sobrevivência e a produtividade das plantações de eucaliptos poderão ser afetadas. Assim, são necessárias pesquisas em nutrição florestal, como a avaliação do K e do Na e sua interação com a disponibilidade hídrica com o crescimento e propriedades do lenho de eucaliptos. Em experimento instalado, em 20 de junho de 2010 de tipo \"Split-plot\", foram avaliadas as árvores de Eucalyptus grandis submetidas a dois regimes hídricos (100% e 63%) e três tipos de fertilização (K, Na e controle). O diâmetro do tronco (cada 15 dias, com dendrômetros) e a altura total (cada 6 meses) das árvores foram mensurados no período do 40º ao 61º mês. A umidade do solo foi analisada semanalmente e a precipitação e temperatura diariamente. Foram analisadas as propriedades do lenho de 48 árvores, no 47º mês, por amostragem destrutiva, avaliando-se a sua densidade aparente, densidade básica, estrutura anatômica e proporção cerne/alburno. Os resultados mostraram que a precipitação influenciou significativamente o crescimento das árvores, seguindo-se a temperatura mínima e a umidade do solo. O K e o Na mostraram interação com a precipitação, (i) no período seco, com a redução do incremento do tronco das árvores com o Na e a sua paralisação com o K, (ii) no período chuvoso, com o aumento do incremento em diâmetro e altura do tronco, em relação ao controle. O Na em relação ao K resultou em menor crescimento das árvores de eucalipto. Com a exclusão de 37% da chuva houve efeito negativo nas árvores com K; no tratamento controle e com aplicação de Na a exclusão não mostrou efeito significativo até o 58º mês. Em relação à (i) densidade do lenho das árvores- ocorreu a sua diminuição com K e Na (menor com Na), e incremento com a menor disponibilidade hídrica; K não diminuiu a densidade sob maior disponibilidade hídrica; (ii) anatomia do lenho- observaram-se vasos de maior diâmetro e menor frequência com K e Na (maior com K); as fibras apresentaram variação significativa com Na (com fibras mais longas e largas com menor espessura da parede); a menor disponibilidade hídrica resultante da exclusão de 37% da chuva não afetou aos vasos e fibras; (iii) relação cerne/alburno- o K e Na promoveram a formação de maior proporção de cerne em relação às árvores do tratamento controle, sem influência significativa da exclusão parcial de chuva. Relações entre anatomia e densidade do lenho mostraram que mudanças nas dimensões das fibras foram acompanhadas de mudanças na densidade do lenho; e maior taxa de crescimento nem sempre se relaciona com a diminuição da densidade do lenho. Os resultados indicaram que a perda de características desejáveis na densidade, fibras e proporção de alburno, com a adição de K ou Na (principalmente Na) na adubação básica, são altamente compensados pela maior produção de lenho, no entanto em regiões mais áridas e com maior risco de seca prolongada, potássio e sódio podem agravar o déficit hídrico. / In the context of climate change, survival and productivity of eucalyptus plantations may be affected. Thus, research is needed on nutrition and forest ecophysiology, such as the evaluation of K and Na and their interaction with water availability on the growth and wood properties of eucalyptus. In a split-plot type, experiment installed on June 20, 2010 we evaluated Eucalyptus grandis trees submitted to two water regimes (100% and 63%) and three fertilizer supplies (K, Na and control). The stem diameter was measured every 15 days with dendrometers and total height, every 6 months in the period from 40th to 61st month. Soil moisture was analyzed weekly and precipitation and temperature daily. The wood properties of 48 trees were analyzed after 47 months, by destructive sampling, evaluating their apparent density, specific gravity, anatomical structure and heartwood/sapwood proportion. The results showed that precipitation significantly influenced the growth of the trees, followed by the minimum temperature and soil moisture. K and Na showed interaction with precipitation, (i) in the dry season, by reducing the growth of the tree trunks with Na and its stoppage with K, (ii) during the rainy season, with increasing growth in diameter and height of the trunk, compared with the control. The Na, as compared to K, resulted in lower growth of the eucalyptus trees. With the artificial exclusion of 37% of throughfall there was a negative effect on the growth of trees fertilized with K; but in the control and Na treatment the rainfall exclusion showed no significant effect until 58º month. In relation to (i) density of the wood of trees, there was a decrease in K and Na (lower with Na), and an increase with lower water availability; although the K did not reduce the density under higher water availability; (ii) wood anatomy- larger vessels with lower frequency were formed with K and Na supply (with higher K); the fibers showed significant variations with Na (longer and wider fibers with smaller wall thickness); and the lower water availability from the of 37% rainfall exclusion did not affect vessels and fibers; (iii) Heartwood/sapwood ratio; K and Na promoted the formation of larger proportion of heartwood in relation to the trees from the control treatment, and there was no significant influence of the partial rainfall exclusion. Relationships between anatomy and wood density showed that changes in fiber dimensions were accompanied by changes in the wood density; and the higher growth rate is not always associated with decreased wood density. The results indicate that the loss of desirable characteristics in density, fiber and proportion of sapwood, with the addition of K or Na (mainly Na) in the basic fertilization are highly compensated by the increased wood production, though in more arid regions with increased risk of prolonged drought, potassium and sodium can aggravate water deficit.

The objective of this study was to test the line intersect sampling (LIS) methodology using the design-based inference with stratified systematic sampling and two transect shapes: a straight line and a cross shape, both with three different lengths (100, 150, and 200 m) to estimate the number of coarse woody debris (CWD) elements, their volume, biomass and carbon stocks; by decay class; furthermore, we fit and select CWD biomass and carbon models. The study area includes two types of native forest in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (SSF) and a Cerrado sensu-stricto (CSS). Two strata were chosen in each area, and in each stratum ten sampling units were installed according to a systematic sampling protocol. Each sampling unit had one North- South line of 200 m superimposed over the other lengths (100 and 150 m) and three lines (one for each length) in the East-West direction forming the cross shapes, for a total 650 m per sampling unit. All CWD elements with a diameter _ 10 cm that crossed the transect were tallied. For each element, the diameter, length, perpendicular width, decay class, and (when possible) species was recorded. Disc samples were taken from each element, from which cylinder samples were extracted then oven dried to determine density. These cylinders were milled and analyzed to determine carbon content (%). The volume of each element was calculated by taking the difference between cross-sectional area and any hollowed area, then multiplying by the element\'s length. Biomass was calculated by multiplying volume values by density values, and carbon stocks were calculated by multiplying biomass by the carbon percentage factors computed via lab analysis. Total estimators were calculated by area and per hectare for the number of CWD elements, their volume, biomass, and carbon stocks. These estimators were calculated by stratum then combined across the entire sample population. The data from each sampling unit was also used to calculate the wood density and carbon concentration by decay class, as well as to fit linear and nonlinear models. For the SSF area, the most accurate transect design was the 200 m cross shaped; and for the CSS area was selected the 150 m cross shape. Both areas showed lower biomass values (1.3 and 6.7 Mg/ha for the CSS and SSF areas, respectively) than other studies in the Amazon Forest where CWD research has been conducted. In both areas, as the decay class increased (from least to most rotten material), wood density decreased, which follows the same pattern as other literature. Carbon concentration barely changed within decay classes. Using a conversion constant of 50%, similar carbon stock results were obtained. Nonlinear models (using diameter and length as predictor variables) proved an efficient tool for predicting CWD biomass at an element level. As expected, biomass data exhibited heteroscedasticity, which was mitigated by modeling the variance of the residuals with a power function of the combined variable. Adding decay class as an indicator variable also resulted in model improvement. / Este estudo buscou testar a metodologia de amostragem pela linha interceptadora (LIS), usando a inferência baseada no design, com amostragem sistemática estratificada em duas formas de transectos: linha reta e forma de cruz, ambos com três diferentes comprimentos de transectos: 100, 150 e 200 m para estimar o número de elementos, volume, biomassa e estoque de carbono de madeira morta; investigar a densidade da madeira e a concentração de carbono da madeira morta pela classe de decomposição; e, ajustar e selecionar modelos de biomassa e carbono de madeira morta, em dois tipos de floresta nativa no estado de São Paulo, Brasil: uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (SSF) e um Cerrado sensu-stricto (CSS). Em cada tipo florestal foram selecionados dois estratos e localidas dez unidades de amostragem em cada. A unidade de amostragem é um transecto Norte-Sul, com 200 m, que sobrepõe os outros comprimentos (100 e 150 m), e três transectos (para cada comprimento) na direção Leste-Oeste, formando a cruz, totalizando 650m. Foram medidos todos os elementos de madeira morta grossa (CWD) que cruzaram o transecto com um diâmetro _10 cm. Foi medido o diâmetro na interseção, o comprimento, a largura perpendicular, o elemento foi classificado de acordo com a classe de decomposição e, quando possível, a espécie foi identificada. De cada elemento foi retirado um disco de amostra na interseção, este foi fotografado para o cálculo da área oca. De cada disco foram extraídos cilindros, secos em estufa para determinação da densidade, estes foram moídos e analisados para determinação do teor de carbono (%). O volume de cada elemento foi calculado pela diferença da área seccional e área oca, multiplicada pelo comprimento; a biomassa foi calculada multiplicando o volume pela densidade; e o estoque de carbono foi calculado multiplicando a biomassa pela concentração de carbono. Os estimadores do total foram calculados por área e por hectare para o número de elementos de CWD, volume, biomassa e estoque de carbono; foram calculados por estrato, e combinados para a população. Os dados dos 650m de cada unidade foram utilizados para calcular as médias da densidade da madeira e concentração de carbono por classe de decomposição e, para construção de modelos lineares e não-lineares. Para a SSF, o design mais preciso foi transectos em forma de cruz, com 200 m. Para CSS foram selecionados transectos em cruz, com 150 m. As áreas apresentaram valores de biomassa 1.3-6.7 Mg/ha para CSS e SSF, respectivamente. Em ambos tipos florestais foi encontrado que à medida que a classe de decomposição aumenta (mais fresco para mais podre), a densidade da madeira diminui, seguindo os mesmos padrões encontrados na literatura. A concentração de carbono não apresentou mudança dentro das classes de decomposição. Modelos nãolineares com diâmetro e comprimento como variáveis preditoras provaram ser uma ferramenta eficiente para predizer a biomassa e carbono de CWD. Como esperado, os dados de biomassa apresentaram heterocedasticidade, mitigada pela modelagem da variância dos resíduos com uma função de potência. A adição da classe de decomposição como variável indicadora também mostrou melhora nos modelos.

Les changements environnementaux à l’échelle globale peuvent se traduire par une modification des conditions abiotiques et de la diversité biologique. La fonction de production des écosystèmes forestiers a la particularité d'être à la fois soumise à, et régulatrice de ces changements environnementaux. Il apparaît alors primordial de comprendre la manière dont la diversité en essences et les facteurs abiotiques exercent le contrôle de cette fonction. Au cours de mes travaux j’ai étudié la variation de l'effet du mélange d’essences sur leur productivité dans un contexte climatique et édaphique changeant. Grâce à une double approche, basée sur des données locales et des données de l'Inventaire forestier national, je me suis concentrée sur cinq espèces forestières européennes majeures en peuplements purs et bispécifiques : Quercus petraea, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba et Picea abies. En plaine je montre que l'effet du mélange d’essences varie peu avec les facteurs abiotiques. De plus cet effet est déterminé par la tolérance à l'ombrage de l'espèce accompagnatrice. En montagne l’effet du mélange d’essences sur leur productivité est plus fort et positif lorsque les facteurs abiotiques sont les plus limitants pour la croissance. Ces résultats illustrent l’intérêt d'intégrer les facteurs abiotiques et les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des espèces comme déterminants de l'effet de la diversité biologique sur les fonctions de l'écosystème. / Global environmental changes may lead to a modification of abiotic factors and biological diversity. The production function in forest ecosystems has the particularity to be both subjected to, and a regulator of, these environmental changes. Understanding how forest productivity is driven by species diversity and environmental factors is therefore a critical issue. This PhD thesis studies how tree species mixture affects their productivity along edaphic and climatic gradients. Based on an approach using both an original dataset and the national forest inventory dataset, I focused on five major species of European forests in pure and two-species forests: Quercus petraea, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Picea abies. In lowlands, abiotic factors had little impacts on the outcome of tree species mixture on productivity. In addition, the effect of tree species mixture was determined by the shade tolerance of companion species. In highlands, the positive effects of tree species mixture were strongest when the abiotic factors were the most limiting for growth. These results highlight the importance of considering abiotic factors and the functional characteristics of species as drivers of the effect of biological diversity on ecosystem functions.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-11-18T00:32:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Marcelo dos Santos Silva - 2013.pdf: 7962051 bytes, checksum: 4e7968dec1d69dfb701ea5b5c43215dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T00:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Marcelo dos Santos Silva - 2013.pdf: 7962051 bytes, checksum: 4e7968dec1d69dfb701ea5b5c43215dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of wood anatomy of the Atlantic Forest woody species, discussing their ecological/functional value, in addition to qualifying these species for energy generation and/or papermaking, based on derived values from measurements of the fibers and the bulk density. Serra da Jiboia is one of the areas indicated as priority for conservation of the Atlantic Forest and considered of extreme biological importance in terms of vegetation. Three to ten samples of 25 species were collected in the Serra da Jiboia, El?sio Medrado, Bahia. The portion from 1 to 3 cm from the bark was considered for making a macerate, histological slides, and measurement of the bulk density. The results are shown in two chapters and two appendices. In chapter 1, the existence of ecological trends for the Atlantic Forest of Serra da Jiboia was examined. The high frequency for growth rings boundaries distinct, diffuse porosity, absence of vessel arrangement, simultaneous presence of multiple and solitary vessels, simple perforation plates, tangential diameter of vessel larger than 350 ?m, nonseptate fibers, fiber length between 900-1600 ?m, fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits, rays per millimeter: 4-12, rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied and presence of inorganic inclusions. Most of these characteristics were interpreted as ecological trends for the Atlantic Forest of Serra da Jiboia, based on an analysis of the literature about their functional meanings and their correlation with the environmental characteristics of this environment. A smaller amount was assessed as arising from general evolutionary trends for the angiosperms. The conduction area, mesomorphy and vulnerability index, showed wide variation. More integrated studies involving wood anatomy which consider other aspects of the plants should be developed for a better understanding of the ecologic trends as well as its contrasting variations. In chapter 2, in which the anatomical and physical qualification of the wood for paper and/or energy production was made, four derived values ? wall fraction, flexibility coefficient, Runkel ratio and slenderness ratio ? and bulk density were measured. None of the species displayed all of the derived values optimal for paper production, although if each derived value is considered separately many of them could be qualified for this purpose. Most of the species were considered appropriate for power generation because they exhibit high wall fraction, Runkel ratio and high bulk density, and low flexibility coefficient. Aspidosperma discolor, Helicostylis tomentosa, Miconia amoena and Myrsine guianensis stand out from the rest. In conclusion, Serra da Jiboia proves to be a potential area for sustainable management studies of economically viable timbers. / Esse trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da anatomia do lenho de esp?cies arb?reas da Mata Atl?ntica, discutindo seu valor ecol?gico/funcional, al?m de qualificar estas esp?cies para gera??o de energia e/ou fabrica??o de papel, baseando-se nos valores derivados das dimens?es das fibras e na densidade aparente. A Serra da Jiboia ? uma das ?reas indicadas como priorit?rias para conserva??o da Mata Atl?ntica e classificada como de extrema import?ncia biol?gica no quesito vegeta??o. Foram coletadas de tr?s a dez amostras de 25 esp?cies nesta ?rea, localizada no munic?pio de El?sio Medrado, Bahia. Considerou-se a por??o entre 1-3 cm a partir da casca para confec??o de macerado, das l?minas histol?gicas e aferi??o da densidade aparente. Os resultados est?o apresentados em dois cap?tulos, e dois ap?ndices. No cap?tulo 1, examinou-se a exist?ncia de tend?ncias ecol?gicas para a Mata Atl?ntica da Serra da Jiboia, registrou-se alta frequ?ncia para an?is de crescimento distintos, porosidade difusa, aus?ncia de arranjo dos vasos, presen?a simult?nea de vasos solit?rios e m?ltiplos, placa de perfura??o simples, comprimento dos elementos de vasos maior que 350 ?m, fibras com ar?ola das pontoa??es simples a reduzida, presen?a de fibras n?o septadas, comprimento da fibra entre 900-1600 ?m, 4-12 raios por mil?metro, raios e elementos axiais n?o estratificados e presen?a de inclus?es inorg?nicas. A maioria destas caracter?sticas foi interpretada como tend?ncias ecol?gicas para a Mata Atl?ntica atrav?s da discuss?o com a literatura sobre seus significados funcionais e a correla??o destes com as caracter?sticas ambientais desse ambiente. Uma menor quantidade foi avaliada como decorrente das tend?ncias evolutivas gerais para as angiospermas. A ?rea de condu??o, ?ndice de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfismo apresentaram grande varia??o, trabalhos mais integrativos, envolvendo a anatomia da madeira, que considerem outros aspectos das plantas, devem ser desenvolvidos para uma melhor compreens?o das tend?ncias ecol?gicas, bem como da varia??o que se contrap?em a esta. No cap?tulo 2, no qual ? feita a qualifica??o anat?mica e f?sica da madeira para fabrica??o de papel e/ou produ??o de energia, quatro valores derivados ? fra??o parede, coeficiente de flexibilidade, ?ndice de Runkel e ?ndice de enfeltramento ? e a densidade aparente foram mensurados. Nenhuma esp?cie apresentou todos os valores derivados ?timos para a produ??o de papel, embora se considerado cada valor derivado isoladamente muitas delas podem ser qualificadas positivamente para este fim. A maioria das esp?cies apresentou-se aptas ? gera??o de energia por exibirem fra??o parede, ?ndice de Runkel e densidade aparente alta e baixo coeficiente de flexibilidade, destacando-se Aspidosperma discolor, Helicostylis tomentosa, Miconia amoena e Myrsine guianensis. Conclui-se, portanto, que a Serra da Jiboia apresenta-se como uma ?rea em potencial para estudos de manejo sustent?vel de madeiras economicamente vi?veis.

No description available.

No description available.