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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Inductive versus deductive methods of teaching word analysis in grade three

Corcoran, Clare Mary January 1961 (has links)
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
2

Análise de coocorrência de palavras na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/AIDS indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013

Santos, Rafael Antunes dos January 2015 (has links)
A pesquisa apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em HIV/Aids indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013. O estudo analisa, com base em indicadores bibliométricos de coocorrência de palavras-chave, a dimensão cognitiva da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids a partir das informações obtidas no campo de metadados Descriptor (DE) dos 1798 artigos recuperados. A pesquisa procura ampliar o conhecimento das dimensões relativas às temáticas de pesquisa em HIV/Aids no cenário brasileiro, mas também demonstra o potencial dos procedimentos da análise de coocorrência de palavras. No referencial teórico apresenta aspectos gerais da comunicação científica, da bibliometria e da coocorrência de palavras. Os resultados de coocorrência ainda são amparados por um diagnóstico breve com uso de indicadores de atividade científica: produção ao longo dos anos, idiomas, periódicos científicos, áreas de pesquisa e instituições. Obteve medidas de frequência (lei de Zipf), de similaridade (cosseno de Salton), de densidade e de centralidade (Eigenvector) e identifica os principais cluster dos conjuntos textuais dos agrupamentos definidos na análise: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2009 e 2010-2013, com uso dos softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Google Analyzed e Google Refine. A pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids apresenta indícios de crescimento exponencial, com aumento das taxas de crescimento em todos os agrupamentos temporais. Descobriu-se que os periódicos líderes em publicações foram essencialmente os brasileiros da área da saúde e/ou internacionais especializados em HIV/Aids. O idioma preferido nas comunicações é a língua inglesa. As áreas de pesquisa predominantes foram “Doenças Infecciosas”, “Saúde Pública”, “Imunologia”, “Medicina Tropical” e “Virologia”, de um espectro multidisciplinar de 82 áreas distintas. As instituições de pesquisa mais prolíficas foram USP, Fiocruz e UFRJ num quadro de 470 instituições brasileiras (maioria públicas) e 717 estrangeiras, de 80 países (maioria norte-americana), aspecto indicativo da colaboração nacional e internacional da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids. A análise de coocorrência de palavras utilizou 77% do resultado da busca, ou seja 1392 documentos divididos nos cinco agrupamentos temporais. Todos os agrupamentos de palavras-chave apresentaram evidências do ajustamento da frequência à lei de Zipf e sinalizaram que os autores dos artigos ampliaram o léxico do campo do HIV/Aids no decorrer dos períodos. Embora a visualização da densidade do léxico e a formação dos cluster demonstrem a diversidade de palavras-chave contidas na pesquisa, se observou uma acentuada centralidade às palavras de natureza óbvia, já que também foram expressões adotadas na estratégia de busca “Aids”; “HIV”; “HIV/Aids”; “Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”; “Human immunodeficiency virus” e “Brazil”. Os resultados mais significativos puderam ser visualizados com a exclusão destas palavras na formação dos grafos. A pesquisa identificou as palavras-chave do núcleo básico do campo do HIV/Aids em cada período, a partir da definição de uma ocorrência mínima nos agrupamentos. O mainstream de palavraschave é definido pela similaridade dos pares de palavras associadas ao longo do tempo: “Adolescents”; “Antiretroviral therapy”; “Epidemiology”; “Haart”; “Highly active antiretroviral therapy”; “HIV infection”; “HIV infections”; “HIV-1”; “Mortality”; “Opportunistic infections”; “Prevention”; “Prevention & control”; “Socioeconomic factors”; “Tuberculosis”; e “Women”, além das expressões óbvias. O estudo conclui que as palavraschave usadas por autores podem demonstrar aspectos da evolução de uma área de pesquisa, assim como foi observado na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids do período 1993-2013. / The research presents an exploratory study of the Brazilian scientific production on HIV/Aids indexed in Web of Science in the period 1993-2013. The study analyzes based on bibliometric indicators of co-occurrence of keywords, the cognitive dimension of brazilian research on HIV/Aids from the information obtained in the field of metadata Descriptor (DE) of the 1798 articles retrieved. The research seeks to expand knowledge of the dimensions relating to the themes of research on HIV/Aids in the brazilian scenario, but also demonstrates the potential of co-word analysis procedures. The theoretical framework presents general aspects of science communication, bibliometrics and co-word analysis. The results of co-occurrence are still supported by a brief diagnosis through the use of scientific activity indicators: production over the years, languages, scientific journals, research areas and institutions. Obtained frequency measures (Law of Zipf), similarity (Salton’s cocine), density and centrality (Eigenvector) and identifies the main cluster of textual sets of clusters defined in the analysis: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002- 2005, 2006-2009 and 2010-2013, using the softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Analyzed Google and Google Refine. The brazilian research in HIV/Aids presents evidence of exponential growth, with increased growth rates at all time groupings. It turned out that the periodic leading publications were mainly brazilians of health and/or international specialize in HIV/Aids. The preferred language in communication is English. Predominant research areas were the "Infectious Diseases", "Public Health", "Immunology", "Tropical Medicine" and "Virology", a multidisciplinary spectrum of 82 different areas. The most prolific research institutions were USP, UFRJ and Fiocruz in a table of 470 brazilian institutions (majority public) and 717 foreign, from 80 countries (US majority), indicative aspect of national and international collaboration of brazilian research on HIV/Aids. The co-word analysis used 77% of the search result, namely 1392 documents divided into five time groups. All keyword groupings showed evidence of frequency adjustment to Zipf's law and signaled that the authors of the articles expanded the lexicon of the field of HIV/Aids over the periods. While viewing the density of the lexicon and the formation of the cluster show the diversity of keywords contained in the survey, there was a marked centrality to the words of obviousness, since they were also expressions adopted in the search strategy "Aids"; "HIV"; " HIV/Aids"; "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"; "Human immunodeficiency virus" and "Brazil". The most significant results could be viewed with the exclusion of these words in the formation of graphs. The research identified the key words of the basic core of the field of HIV/Aids in each period, from the definition of a minimum occurrence in clusters. The mainstream keyword is defined by the similarity of pairs of words associated over time, "Adolescents"; "Antiretroviral therapy"; "Epidemiology"; "Haart"; "Highly active antiretroviral therapy"; "HIV infection"; "HIV infections"; "HIV-1"; "Mortality"; "Opportunistic infections"; "Prevention"; "Prevention & Control"; "Socioeconomic factors"; "Tuberculosis"; and "Women", besides the obvious expressions. The study concludes that the keywords used by authors can demonstrate aspects of the evolution of an area of research, as was seen in the brazilian research on HIV/Aids for the period 1993-2013.
3

Análise de coocorrência de palavras na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/AIDS indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013

Santos, Rafael Antunes dos January 2015 (has links)
A pesquisa apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em HIV/Aids indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013. O estudo analisa, com base em indicadores bibliométricos de coocorrência de palavras-chave, a dimensão cognitiva da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids a partir das informações obtidas no campo de metadados Descriptor (DE) dos 1798 artigos recuperados. A pesquisa procura ampliar o conhecimento das dimensões relativas às temáticas de pesquisa em HIV/Aids no cenário brasileiro, mas também demonstra o potencial dos procedimentos da análise de coocorrência de palavras. No referencial teórico apresenta aspectos gerais da comunicação científica, da bibliometria e da coocorrência de palavras. Os resultados de coocorrência ainda são amparados por um diagnóstico breve com uso de indicadores de atividade científica: produção ao longo dos anos, idiomas, periódicos científicos, áreas de pesquisa e instituições. Obteve medidas de frequência (lei de Zipf), de similaridade (cosseno de Salton), de densidade e de centralidade (Eigenvector) e identifica os principais cluster dos conjuntos textuais dos agrupamentos definidos na análise: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2009 e 2010-2013, com uso dos softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Google Analyzed e Google Refine. A pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids apresenta indícios de crescimento exponencial, com aumento das taxas de crescimento em todos os agrupamentos temporais. Descobriu-se que os periódicos líderes em publicações foram essencialmente os brasileiros da área da saúde e/ou internacionais especializados em HIV/Aids. O idioma preferido nas comunicações é a língua inglesa. As áreas de pesquisa predominantes foram “Doenças Infecciosas”, “Saúde Pública”, “Imunologia”, “Medicina Tropical” e “Virologia”, de um espectro multidisciplinar de 82 áreas distintas. As instituições de pesquisa mais prolíficas foram USP, Fiocruz e UFRJ num quadro de 470 instituições brasileiras (maioria públicas) e 717 estrangeiras, de 80 países (maioria norte-americana), aspecto indicativo da colaboração nacional e internacional da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids. A análise de coocorrência de palavras utilizou 77% do resultado da busca, ou seja 1392 documentos divididos nos cinco agrupamentos temporais. Todos os agrupamentos de palavras-chave apresentaram evidências do ajustamento da frequência à lei de Zipf e sinalizaram que os autores dos artigos ampliaram o léxico do campo do HIV/Aids no decorrer dos períodos. Embora a visualização da densidade do léxico e a formação dos cluster demonstrem a diversidade de palavras-chave contidas na pesquisa, se observou uma acentuada centralidade às palavras de natureza óbvia, já que também foram expressões adotadas na estratégia de busca “Aids”; “HIV”; “HIV/Aids”; “Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”; “Human immunodeficiency virus” e “Brazil”. Os resultados mais significativos puderam ser visualizados com a exclusão destas palavras na formação dos grafos. A pesquisa identificou as palavras-chave do núcleo básico do campo do HIV/Aids em cada período, a partir da definição de uma ocorrência mínima nos agrupamentos. O mainstream de palavraschave é definido pela similaridade dos pares de palavras associadas ao longo do tempo: “Adolescents”; “Antiretroviral therapy”; “Epidemiology”; “Haart”; “Highly active antiretroviral therapy”; “HIV infection”; “HIV infections”; “HIV-1”; “Mortality”; “Opportunistic infections”; “Prevention”; “Prevention & control”; “Socioeconomic factors”; “Tuberculosis”; e “Women”, além das expressões óbvias. O estudo conclui que as palavraschave usadas por autores podem demonstrar aspectos da evolução de uma área de pesquisa, assim como foi observado na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids do período 1993-2013. / The research presents an exploratory study of the Brazilian scientific production on HIV/Aids indexed in Web of Science in the period 1993-2013. The study analyzes based on bibliometric indicators of co-occurrence of keywords, the cognitive dimension of brazilian research on HIV/Aids from the information obtained in the field of metadata Descriptor (DE) of the 1798 articles retrieved. The research seeks to expand knowledge of the dimensions relating to the themes of research on HIV/Aids in the brazilian scenario, but also demonstrates the potential of co-word analysis procedures. The theoretical framework presents general aspects of science communication, bibliometrics and co-word analysis. The results of co-occurrence are still supported by a brief diagnosis through the use of scientific activity indicators: production over the years, languages, scientific journals, research areas and institutions. Obtained frequency measures (Law of Zipf), similarity (Salton’s cocine), density and centrality (Eigenvector) and identifies the main cluster of textual sets of clusters defined in the analysis: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002- 2005, 2006-2009 and 2010-2013, using the softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Analyzed Google and Google Refine. The brazilian research in HIV/Aids presents evidence of exponential growth, with increased growth rates at all time groupings. It turned out that the periodic leading publications were mainly brazilians of health and/or international specialize in HIV/Aids. The preferred language in communication is English. Predominant research areas were the "Infectious Diseases", "Public Health", "Immunology", "Tropical Medicine" and "Virology", a multidisciplinary spectrum of 82 different areas. The most prolific research institutions were USP, UFRJ and Fiocruz in a table of 470 brazilian institutions (majority public) and 717 foreign, from 80 countries (US majority), indicative aspect of national and international collaboration of brazilian research on HIV/Aids. The co-word analysis used 77% of the search result, namely 1392 documents divided into five time groups. All keyword groupings showed evidence of frequency adjustment to Zipf's law and signaled that the authors of the articles expanded the lexicon of the field of HIV/Aids over the periods. While viewing the density of the lexicon and the formation of the cluster show the diversity of keywords contained in the survey, there was a marked centrality to the words of obviousness, since they were also expressions adopted in the search strategy "Aids"; "HIV"; " HIV/Aids"; "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"; "Human immunodeficiency virus" and "Brazil". The most significant results could be viewed with the exclusion of these words in the formation of graphs. The research identified the key words of the basic core of the field of HIV/Aids in each period, from the definition of a minimum occurrence in clusters. The mainstream keyword is defined by the similarity of pairs of words associated over time, "Adolescents"; "Antiretroviral therapy"; "Epidemiology"; "Haart"; "Highly active antiretroviral therapy"; "HIV infection"; "HIV infections"; "HIV-1"; "Mortality"; "Opportunistic infections"; "Prevention"; "Prevention & Control"; "Socioeconomic factors"; "Tuberculosis"; and "Women", besides the obvious expressions. The study concludes that the keywords used by authors can demonstrate aspects of the evolution of an area of research, as was seen in the brazilian research on HIV/Aids for the period 1993-2013.
4

Análise de coocorrência de palavras na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/AIDS indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013

Santos, Rafael Antunes dos January 2015 (has links)
A pesquisa apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em HIV/Aids indexada na Web of Science no período 1993-2013. O estudo analisa, com base em indicadores bibliométricos de coocorrência de palavras-chave, a dimensão cognitiva da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids a partir das informações obtidas no campo de metadados Descriptor (DE) dos 1798 artigos recuperados. A pesquisa procura ampliar o conhecimento das dimensões relativas às temáticas de pesquisa em HIV/Aids no cenário brasileiro, mas também demonstra o potencial dos procedimentos da análise de coocorrência de palavras. No referencial teórico apresenta aspectos gerais da comunicação científica, da bibliometria e da coocorrência de palavras. Os resultados de coocorrência ainda são amparados por um diagnóstico breve com uso de indicadores de atividade científica: produção ao longo dos anos, idiomas, periódicos científicos, áreas de pesquisa e instituições. Obteve medidas de frequência (lei de Zipf), de similaridade (cosseno de Salton), de densidade e de centralidade (Eigenvector) e identifica os principais cluster dos conjuntos textuais dos agrupamentos definidos na análise: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2009 e 2010-2013, com uso dos softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Google Analyzed e Google Refine. A pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids apresenta indícios de crescimento exponencial, com aumento das taxas de crescimento em todos os agrupamentos temporais. Descobriu-se que os periódicos líderes em publicações foram essencialmente os brasileiros da área da saúde e/ou internacionais especializados em HIV/Aids. O idioma preferido nas comunicações é a língua inglesa. As áreas de pesquisa predominantes foram “Doenças Infecciosas”, “Saúde Pública”, “Imunologia”, “Medicina Tropical” e “Virologia”, de um espectro multidisciplinar de 82 áreas distintas. As instituições de pesquisa mais prolíficas foram USP, Fiocruz e UFRJ num quadro de 470 instituições brasileiras (maioria públicas) e 717 estrangeiras, de 80 países (maioria norte-americana), aspecto indicativo da colaboração nacional e internacional da pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids. A análise de coocorrência de palavras utilizou 77% do resultado da busca, ou seja 1392 documentos divididos nos cinco agrupamentos temporais. Todos os agrupamentos de palavras-chave apresentaram evidências do ajustamento da frequência à lei de Zipf e sinalizaram que os autores dos artigos ampliaram o léxico do campo do HIV/Aids no decorrer dos períodos. Embora a visualização da densidade do léxico e a formação dos cluster demonstrem a diversidade de palavras-chave contidas na pesquisa, se observou uma acentuada centralidade às palavras de natureza óbvia, já que também foram expressões adotadas na estratégia de busca “Aids”; “HIV”; “HIV/Aids”; “Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”; “Human immunodeficiency virus” e “Brazil”. Os resultados mais significativos puderam ser visualizados com a exclusão destas palavras na formação dos grafos. A pesquisa identificou as palavras-chave do núcleo básico do campo do HIV/Aids em cada período, a partir da definição de uma ocorrência mínima nos agrupamentos. O mainstream de palavraschave é definido pela similaridade dos pares de palavras associadas ao longo do tempo: “Adolescents”; “Antiretroviral therapy”; “Epidemiology”; “Haart”; “Highly active antiretroviral therapy”; “HIV infection”; “HIV infections”; “HIV-1”; “Mortality”; “Opportunistic infections”; “Prevention”; “Prevention & control”; “Socioeconomic factors”; “Tuberculosis”; e “Women”, além das expressões óbvias. O estudo conclui que as palavraschave usadas por autores podem demonstrar aspectos da evolução de uma área de pesquisa, assim como foi observado na pesquisa brasileira em HIV/Aids do período 1993-2013. / The research presents an exploratory study of the Brazilian scientific production on HIV/Aids indexed in Web of Science in the period 1993-2013. The study analyzes based on bibliometric indicators of co-occurrence of keywords, the cognitive dimension of brazilian research on HIV/Aids from the information obtained in the field of metadata Descriptor (DE) of the 1798 articles retrieved. The research seeks to expand knowledge of the dimensions relating to the themes of research on HIV/Aids in the brazilian scenario, but also demonstrates the potential of co-word analysis procedures. The theoretical framework presents general aspects of science communication, bibliometrics and co-word analysis. The results of co-occurrence are still supported by a brief diagnosis through the use of scientific activity indicators: production over the years, languages, scientific journals, research areas and institutions. Obtained frequency measures (Law of Zipf), similarity (Salton’s cocine), density and centrality (Eigenvector) and identifies the main cluster of textual sets of clusters defined in the analysis: 1993-1997, 1998-2001, 2002- 2005, 2006-2009 and 2010-2013, using the softwares Bibexcel, Excel, Hermetic Word Frequency Counter, Ucinet, NetDraw, VOSViewer, Analyzed Google and Google Refine. The brazilian research in HIV/Aids presents evidence of exponential growth, with increased growth rates at all time groupings. It turned out that the periodic leading publications were mainly brazilians of health and/or international specialize in HIV/Aids. The preferred language in communication is English. Predominant research areas were the "Infectious Diseases", "Public Health", "Immunology", "Tropical Medicine" and "Virology", a multidisciplinary spectrum of 82 different areas. The most prolific research institutions were USP, UFRJ and Fiocruz in a table of 470 brazilian institutions (majority public) and 717 foreign, from 80 countries (US majority), indicative aspect of national and international collaboration of brazilian research on HIV/Aids. The co-word analysis used 77% of the search result, namely 1392 documents divided into five time groups. All keyword groupings showed evidence of frequency adjustment to Zipf's law and signaled that the authors of the articles expanded the lexicon of the field of HIV/Aids over the periods. While viewing the density of the lexicon and the formation of the cluster show the diversity of keywords contained in the survey, there was a marked centrality to the words of obviousness, since they were also expressions adopted in the search strategy "Aids"; "HIV"; " HIV/Aids"; "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"; "Human immunodeficiency virus" and "Brazil". The most significant results could be viewed with the exclusion of these words in the formation of graphs. The research identified the key words of the basic core of the field of HIV/Aids in each period, from the definition of a minimum occurrence in clusters. The mainstream keyword is defined by the similarity of pairs of words associated over time, "Adolescents"; "Antiretroviral therapy"; "Epidemiology"; "Haart"; "Highly active antiretroviral therapy"; "HIV infection"; "HIV infections"; "HIV-1"; "Mortality"; "Opportunistic infections"; "Prevention"; "Prevention & Control"; "Socioeconomic factors"; "Tuberculosis"; and "Women", besides the obvious expressions. The study concludes that the keywords used by authors can demonstrate aspects of the evolution of an area of research, as was seen in the brazilian research on HIV/Aids for the period 1993-2013.
5

Collaboration between UK universities : a machine-learning based webometric analysis

Kenekayoro, Patrick January 2014 (has links)
Collaboration is essential for some types of research, which is why some agencies include collaboration among the requirements for funding research projects. Studying collaborative relationships is important because analyses of collaboration networks can give insights into knowledge based innovation systems, the roles that different organisations play in a research field and the relationships between scientific disciplines. Co-authored publication data is widely used to investigate collaboration between organisations, but this data is not free and thus may not be accessible for some researchers. Hyperlinks have some similarities with citations, so hyperlink data may be used as an indicator to estimate the extent of collaboration between academic institutions and may be able to show types of relationships that are not present in co-authorship data. However, it has been shown that using raw hyperlink counts for webometric research can sometimes produce unreliable results, so researchers have attempted to find alternate counting methods and have tried to identify the reasons why hyperlinks may have been created in academic websites. This thesis uses machine learning techniques, an approach that has not previously been widely used in webometric research, to automatically classify hyperlinks and text in university websites in an attempt to filter out irrelevant hyperlinks when investigating collaboration between academic institutions. Supervised machine learning methods were used to automatically classify the web page types that can be found in Higher Education Institutions’ websites. The results were assessed to see whether ii automatically filtered hyperlink data gave better results than raw hyperlink data in terms of identifying patterns of collaboration between UK universities. Unsupervised learning methods were used to automatically identify groups of university departments that are collaborating or that may benefit from collaborating together, based on their co-appearance in research clusters. Results show that the machine learning methods used in this thesis can automatically identify both the source and target web page categories of hyperlinks in university websites with up to 78% accuracy; which means that it can increase the possibility for more effective hyperlink classification or for identifying the reasons why hyperlinks may have been created in university websites, if those reasons can be inferred from the relationship between the source and target page types. When machine learning techniques were used to filter hyperlinks that may not have been created because of collaboration from the hyperlink data, there was an increased correlation between hyperlink data and other collaboration indicators. This emphasises the possibility for using machine learning methods to make hyperlink data a more reliable data source for webometric research. The reasons for university name mentions in the different web page types found in an academic institution’s website are broadly the same as the reasons for link creation, this means that classification based on inter-page relationships may also be used to improve name mentions data for webometrics research. iii Clustering research groups based on the text in their homepages may be useful for identifying those research groups or departments with similar research interests which may be valuable for policy makers in monitoring research fields; based on the sizes of identified clusters and for identifying future collaborators; based on co-appearances in clusters, if identical research interests is a factor that can influence the choice of a future collaborator. In conclusion, this thesis shows that machine learning techniques can be used to significantly improve the quality of hyperlink data for webometrics research, and can also be used to analyse other web based data to give additional insights that may be beneficial for webometrics studies.
6

字彙分析教學對高中生單字習得影響之研究 / A Study of the Effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Vocabulary Acquisition in a Taiwanese Senior High School

徐鍬鳳, Hsu, Chiou-feng Unknown Date (has links)
論文提要內容: 本研究旨在探討字彙分析教學對台灣高中生學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之影響。本研究結果希望對英文老師在教單字上有很大的啟示作用和幫助。 共有146位仁愛高中二年級學生參與這項研究,他們被分為實驗組和控制組;學期初,受試者接受英文能力測驗和單字前測,依據英文能力測驗成績,實驗組和控制組又細分為高低分兩組群。受試者在接受單字前測後,施以不同之單字教學:實驗組之教學方法包含字彙分析而控制組則否。18週後,他們接受單字後測。除接受後測外,實驗組還接受問卷調查和訪談。 研究結果顯示實驗組在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之進步均大於控制組。在學習生字方面的進步,實驗組和控制組平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = 2.777, p = .006)。此外,以英文程度而言,在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面,高分組表現均優於低分組;在學習生字方面的進步,實驗高分組和控制組高分平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = .4529, p = .000);低分組群則否(t = .249, p = .804)。經問卷調查分析和訪談,實驗組對字彙分析教學大部分持正面看法,高低分組群看法也大致上相似;在字尾使用、利用字首、字根、字尾推測字義和字彙分析法強化已習得單字三方面,高分組較低分組持更肯定之看法。本文根據研究結果,提出英語教學上之應用以及未來研究之建議。 / Abstract The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Taiwanese senior high school students’ vocabulary acquisition in learning new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. It is hoped that the results of the study can give suggestions and inspirations to English teachers in vocabulary development. Involved in this study were 146 second graders at Jen-ai Senior High School. They were divided into the experimental and the control groups. At the beginning of the semester, all subjects took an English proficiency test and a vocabulary pretest. According to their scores in the English proficiency test, they were further divided into high and low proficiency levels. After the vocabulary pre-test, the experiment began. The experimental and the control groups received different vocabulary instructions: the instruction of the former involved word analysis, but that of the latter did not. After 18 weeks, all of the subjects took a vocabulary post-test. In addition to the vocabulary test, the experimental group was also asked to fill in a questionnaire. Later, some interviews were conducted. The results of the studies reveal that the experimental group made more progress than the control group in acquiring new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. With regard to acquiring new words, the former significantly outperformed the latter (t = 2.777, p = .006). Besides, in terms of proficiency levels, the experimental high subgroup made more progress than the experimental low one. Regarding learning new words, the experimental high subgroup significantly outperformed the control one (t = .4529, p = .000), but there was no statistical difference between the low proficiency subgroups (t = .249, p = .804). Also, the questionnaire and interview results show that most of the subjects in the experimental group were positive about Word Analysis Instruction and that the high and low proficiency levels share similar points of view; in use of suffixes and vocabulary consolidation, high proficiency subjects tend to hold a more positive view than low proficiency ones. Based on the above results, some pedagogical implications for English teachers and suggestions are provided at the end of the study.
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網頁弱點最佳化補強 / Patching web application vulnerabilities with optimal word correction algorithm

薛慶源, Shueh, Ching Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
在這篇論文中我們利用程式碼補強達到使有害的攻擊字串用最小的編輯成本去修正成無害的一般字串,主要分為兩個階段,第一階段,我們利用一個安全性分析工具Stranger來分析使用者的PHP原始碼,藉此找到可能被程式碼注入的攻擊點,並產生基於確定有限狀態自動機基礎的安全特徵,這個安全特徵包含了所有可被接受的無害字串可以當作攻擊過濾器使用,第二階段,我們採取基於文字與自動機之間最短編輯距離的演算法來以最少成本修正攻擊字串,有害的攻擊字串會被一個最少變動的無害字串所取代,我們結合所提出的方法來測試一些網頁跟回報實驗結果 / The security problems of web application are always questioned and concerned by users because that can cause huge loss of nancial and privacy. We want to provide a online service that is open to public users, who can access and upload their codes to check for potential vulnerabilities. Moreover, if there exist vulnerabilities and may be cause damages, it will guide users how they can edit their codes through a easy way step by step. In this paper, we propose an optimal word correction approach for patching string related vulnerabilities in web applications. To be brief, we synthesize patches that sanitize malicious inputs to normal ones with the shortest edit distance. The analysis consists of two phases: First, we use automata based static string analysis techniques called Stranger to detect vulnerabilities in web applications, and generate sanitization signatures that accept un-malicious inputs as an input lter that ensures the vulnerabilities are not exploited with respect to given attack patterns. Second, we adopt the shortest edit-distance algorithms between words and automata to nd a minimum way on the cost of edit distance to patch malicious inputs. A malicious input (not accepted by the sanitization signature) is replaced with an unmalicious string and has the minimum change of character from the original input. We integrate the presented approach with Stranger and report the result of experiments on various web applications.
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Elaboração de indicadores de produção cientifica com base na análise cientométrica das dissertações e teses do IPEN / Construction of scientific production indicators based on scientometrics analysis of ipen dissertations and theses

Igami, Mery Piedad Zamudio 10 May 2011 (has links)
A importância da elaboração de indicadores está amplamente difundida na sociedade atual. Observa-se seu uso rotineiro nos mais diversos segmentos da sociedade. Na área científica essa prática também já está consolidada, corrobora esta afirmação o número de trabalhos registrados nas principais bases de dados; prevalecem, no entanto, os estudos quantitativos, os quais fazem uso de dados obtidos a partir de bases de dados internacionais. Diante dessa constatação o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter indicadores científicos a partir da análise das dissertações e teses produzidas por um programa de pós-graduação no período de 1977 até 2009. Foram obtidos três tipos de indicadores bidimensionais, numéricos temáticos e de produtividade, para tanto foram utilizadas técnicas de bibliometria avançada. As dissertações e teses foram categorizadas tematicamente utilizando a Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions e o Tesauro do International Nuclear Information System (INIS). Por meio da técnica de análise de clusters e de trajetória, as dissertações e teses foram agrupadas em cinco grupos temáticos demonstrando o comportamento passado e a tendência de crescimento de cada grupo. Para a extração dos dados sobre a produtividade das teses, em nível de artigos, foi utilizado o Currículo Lattes e a base local do IPEN. Especificamente para se identificarem os níveis de correlação entre os artigos e as teses, foi utilizada a técnica de coocorrência de palavras (co-word analysis) e no caso foram utilizadas as palavras-chave de ambos os itens de literatura. Os autores das teses foram consultados, por meio de um questionário, para validação dos dados. Obtiveram-se indicativos de que 55,9% dos artigos produzidos em um período de cinco anos antes e cinco anos depois da defesa da tese têm forte correlação com esta. Foi observado também que os artigos correlacionados têm sido publicados, em média, 1,63 (ano) antes da apresentação da tese. Foi demonstrado, que as bases de dados, quando bem estruturadas, são instrumentos multifuncionais com grande potencial para o uso em estudos dessa natureza. Observou-se que a qualidade dos indicadores está fortemente associada à qualidade dos dados obtidos das bases de dados. / Construction of Indicators plays an important role in the contemporaneous society. It could be observed their ordinary use by all the activities segments. In scientific area it is not different; such practice has already been consolidated; this statement could be corroborated by the innumerous papers published about this matter in the main databases; however, there is a prevalence of quantitative studies, which obtain data from the international databases, analyzing journal articles. Concerning this finding, the main objective of this study was to elaborate scientific indicators from a local institutional data base, using as a corpus of the study the dissertations and theses, produced by a graduate program in the period of 1977 to 2009.Three types of two-dimensional indicators were obtained by using bibliometric techniques: numerical, thematic and productivity. For dissertations and theses thematic characterization it was used the Subject categories and scope descriptions and the International Nuclear Information System Thesaurus (INIS). Through the statistical technique of clustering analysis, it was possible to classify them in five main groups, showing former performance and growth future trends of each group; for data extraction about theses productivity, regarding articles published; the Curriculo Lattes, and the local institutional database were used. Co-word analysis technique was used to establish a more precise correlation, between articles and theses, and for this purpose it was used the keywords from a controlled vocabulary. In order to validate the results, it was performed a survey, with the theses authors. Results obtained indicated that 55.9% of the articles published, between 5 years, before and after the thesis presentation, are strongly correlated to it. It was also observed that, correlated articles have been published, in an average of, 1, 63 year before the thesis presentation. Concerning databases, it was shown that they are valuable tools and could be used with multifunctional purposes, with a great potential to be used in bibliometric studies. It was also observed that the indicators reliability is strongly associated to the quality of data obtained from the databases.
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\"Aspectos nutricionais de compostos fenólicos em ovinos alimentados com leguminosas forrageiras\" / Nutritional aspects of phenolic compounds in sheep fed with leguminous forage

Godoy, Patrícia Barboza de 29 March 2007 (has links)
As leguminosas constituem uma importante fonte de alimentos para os ruminantes e podem ser exploradas para pastejo direto ou, se conservadas, para fornecimento na forma de feno ou silagem. Algumas leguminosas possuem compostos fenólicos em sua composição. A caracterização química dessas as plantas possibilita melhor uso das mesmas na alimentação animal assim como um melhor entendimento dos efeitos positivos e negativos dos compostos fenólicos na nutrição dos animais. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo: (i) avaliar a composição química de cinco leguminosas de interesse para a alimentação de ruminantes; (ii) estudar os efeitos dos taninos de diferentes leguminosas na produção de gases in vitro; e (iii) estudar os efeitos de dietas constituídas com estas leguminosas no consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em ovinos. O primeiro trabalho (Capítulo 3) refere-se à caracterização in vitro das leguminosas forrageiras (Leucaena leucocephala (Leucena), Arachis pintoi (Amendoim forrageiro), Stylosanthes guianenses cv mineirão (Estilosantes mineirão), Stylosanthes guianenses cv Campo Grande (Estilosantes Campo Grande e Calopogonio sp. (Calopogônio). Foram avaliadas a composição química, a quantificação de taninos, a fermentabilidade ruminal e a síntese microbiana e os resultados obtidos demonstraram valores de proteína bruta compatíveis com a literatura, exceto para o Calopogônio e Estilosantes Campo Grande (< 60 g kg-1 MS). Os teores de taninos variaram significativamente dentre as plantas estudadas, entretanto o teor de tanino condensado pode ser considerado seguro para os animais (entre 30 a 40 eq-g leucocianidina kg-1 MS). As cinco leguminosas apresentaram boa fermentabilidade in vitro, com baixo tempo de colonização (~ 4 h) e T ½ (tempo gasto para atingir metade do valor da Produção Potencial de Gases) inferior a 25 h. A técnica in vitro de incorporação de radiofósforo mostrou efeito significativo da adição de polietileno glicol (PEG) na avaliação da síntese microbiana, demonstrando o efeito dos taninos presentes nas leguminosas estudadas sobra a síntese de proteína no rúmen. O segundo trabalho (Capítulo 4) refere-se à caracterização e avaliação nutricional in vitro de Medicago sativa (Alfafa), Cajanus cajan (Feijão guandu), Mucuna aterrina (Mucuna preta) e Mucuna pluriens (Mucuna cinza). A composição química, a quantificação de taninos e a cinética de fermentação destas leguminosas e dietas experimentais constituídas de fenos de Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp), milho triturado, sal mineralizado na proporção de 30:18:2 com a adição (50%) de cada uma das leguminosas foram estudadas (tratamento ALF, GND, MCZ, MPT respectivamente para Alfafa, Feijão guandu, Mucuna cinza e Mucuna preta). Alfafa apresentou o maior conteúdo de proteína bruta (185 g kg-1 MS) e os teores de taninos variaram significativamente entre as plantas estudadas. Mucuna cinza apresentou maior e Alfafa menor valores de tanino condensado (50 e 0,2 eg. G leucocianidina kg-1 MS respectivamente). Com exceção da Alfafa, todas as outras leguminosas apresentaram incremento de gases quando incubadas in vitro na presença de PEG; o que reflete a atividade biológica dos taninos presente nestas plantas. Em relação às dietas experimentais, apenas as dietas GND e MCZ apresentaram incrementos de gases na presença de PEG. O terceiro trabalho (Capítulo 5) descreve a avaliação nutricional in vivo das dietas experimentais utilizadas no Capítulo 4 (ALF, GND, MCZ, e MPT). Foram utilizados ovinos da raça Santa Inês, machos, castrados com peso vivo médio de 53 ± 5,1 kg. As dietas foram oferecidas de acordo com o peso vivo de cada animal (3%) durante o ensaio de consumo voluntário, enquanto que durante o ensaio de digestibilidade, foi oferecida em cerca de 90% do consumo voluntário determinado anteriormente. Nenhuma dieta apresentou quantidade de taninos condensados considerado prejudicial aos animais. Todas as dietas estudadas apresentaram consumo voluntário e consumo de nutrientes semelhantes. Apenas ALF apresentou maior digestibilidade de PB, enquanto que a MCZ apresentou menor digestibilidade da mesma fração. É concluído com esses trabalhos que as leguminosas estudadas constituem uma importante fonte de nutrientes para os ruminantes, contudo, os teores de taninos condensados devem ser monitorados a fim de que sejam preparadas dietas que não alterem o consumo voluntário nem a fermentação ruminal, e consequentemente disponibilização dos nutrientes aos animais / Leguminous plants constitute an important source of food for the ruminants and they can be explored as direct grazing or, if conserved, for supply in the form of hay or silage. Some of those plants possess phenolic compounds in its composition. The chemical characterization of such plants make possible better use of them in the animal feeding as well as a better understanding of the positive and negative effects of the phenolic compounds in the nutrition of the animals. It was aimed with the present study: (i) to evaluate the chemical composition of five leguminous plants of interest for the feeding of ruminant; (ii) to study the effects of the tannins of different leguminous plants in the in vitro gas production assay; and (iii) to study the effects of diets constituted with these leguminous plants in the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients in sheep. The first work (Chapter 3) refers to the characterization in vitro of the leguminous foragers (Leucaena leucocephala (Leucena), Arachis pintoi (Amendoim forrageiro), Stylosanthes guianenses cv mineirão (Estilosantes mineirão), Stylosanthes guianenses cv Campo Grande (Estilosantes Campo Grande) and Calopogonio sp. (Calopogônio). They were appraised for the chemical composition, the quantification of tannins, the ruminal fermentability and the microbial synthesis. The obtained results demonstrated compatible values for crude protein content, except for Calopogônio and Estilosantes Campo Grande (< 60 g kg-1 DM). The tannin content varied significantly among the studied plants, however the condensed tannin content can be considered safe for the animals (between 30 to 40 eq-g leucocianidin kg-1 DM). The five leguminous plants presented good in vitro fermentability, with low time of colonization (~ 4 h) and T ½ (time spent to reach half of the value of the potential gas production) less than 25 h. The in vitro technique of radio labeled phosphorus incorporation showed significant effect of the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the evaluation of the microbial synthesis, demonstrating the effect of the presence of tannins in the studied leguminous plants. The second work (Chapter 4) refers to the characterization and in vitro nutritional evaluation of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Cajanus cajan (Feijão guandu), Mucuna aterrina (Mucuna preta) and Mucuna pluriens (Mucuna cinza). The chemical composition, the quantification of tannins and the kinetics of fermentation of these leguminous plants and four constituted experimental diets with Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon sp), corn grain, mineralized salt (30:18:2) with the addition (50%) of each one of the leguminous plants were studied (treatment ALF, GND, MCZ, MPT respectively for Alfalfa, Feijão guandu, Mucuna cinza and Mucuna preta). Alfalfa presented the highest content of crude protein (185 g kg-1 DM) and the tannin content varied significantly among the studied plants. Mucuna cinza presented greater and Alfalfa lower values of condensed tannin (50 and 0.2 eg g leucocianidin kg-1 DM respectively). Except for the Alfalfa, all the other leguminous plants presented increment of gases when incubated in vitro in the presence of PEG; what reflects the biological activity of the tannins present in these plants. In relation to the experimental diets, just the diets GND and MCZ presented increments of gases in the presence of PEG. The third work (Chapter 5) describes the in vivo nutritional evaluation of the experimental diets used in the Chapter 4 (ALF, GND, MCZ, and MPT). Santa Inês males, castrated with live weight of 53 ± 5.1 kg sheep were used. The diets were offered in agreement with the liveweight of each animal (3%) during the voluntary intake assay, while during the digestibility trial, it was offered in about 90% of the voluntary intake determined previously. No diet presented amount of condensed tannins considered harmful to the animals. All of the studied diets presented similar voluntary intake and nutrients consumption. Just ALF presented higher crude protein digestibility, while MCZ presented lower digestibility of the same fraction. It is concluded with those works that the studied leguminous plants constitutes an important source of nutrients for the ruminants, however, the condensed tannins content should be monitored so that it can prepare diets to neither alter the voluntary intake nor the ruminal fermentation, and consequently guaranteeing the supply of nutrients to the animals
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Elaboração de indicadores de produção cientifica com base na análise cientométrica das dissertações e teses do IPEN / Construction of scientific production indicators based on scientometrics analysis of ipen dissertations and theses

Mery Piedad Zamudio Igami 10 May 2011 (has links)
A importância da elaboração de indicadores está amplamente difundida na sociedade atual. Observa-se seu uso rotineiro nos mais diversos segmentos da sociedade. Na área científica essa prática também já está consolidada, corrobora esta afirmação o número de trabalhos registrados nas principais bases de dados; prevalecem, no entanto, os estudos quantitativos, os quais fazem uso de dados obtidos a partir de bases de dados internacionais. Diante dessa constatação o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter indicadores científicos a partir da análise das dissertações e teses produzidas por um programa de pós-graduação no período de 1977 até 2009. Foram obtidos três tipos de indicadores bidimensionais, numéricos temáticos e de produtividade, para tanto foram utilizadas técnicas de bibliometria avançada. As dissertações e teses foram categorizadas tematicamente utilizando a Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions e o Tesauro do International Nuclear Information System (INIS). Por meio da técnica de análise de clusters e de trajetória, as dissertações e teses foram agrupadas em cinco grupos temáticos demonstrando o comportamento passado e a tendência de crescimento de cada grupo. Para a extração dos dados sobre a produtividade das teses, em nível de artigos, foi utilizado o Currículo Lattes e a base local do IPEN. Especificamente para se identificarem os níveis de correlação entre os artigos e as teses, foi utilizada a técnica de coocorrência de palavras (co-word analysis) e no caso foram utilizadas as palavras-chave de ambos os itens de literatura. Os autores das teses foram consultados, por meio de um questionário, para validação dos dados. Obtiveram-se indicativos de que 55,9% dos artigos produzidos em um período de cinco anos antes e cinco anos depois da defesa da tese têm forte correlação com esta. Foi observado também que os artigos correlacionados têm sido publicados, em média, 1,63 (ano) antes da apresentação da tese. Foi demonstrado, que as bases de dados, quando bem estruturadas, são instrumentos multifuncionais com grande potencial para o uso em estudos dessa natureza. Observou-se que a qualidade dos indicadores está fortemente associada à qualidade dos dados obtidos das bases de dados. / Construction of Indicators plays an important role in the contemporaneous society. It could be observed their ordinary use by all the activities segments. In scientific area it is not different; such practice has already been consolidated; this statement could be corroborated by the innumerous papers published about this matter in the main databases; however, there is a prevalence of quantitative studies, which obtain data from the international databases, analyzing journal articles. Concerning this finding, the main objective of this study was to elaborate scientific indicators from a local institutional data base, using as a corpus of the study the dissertations and theses, produced by a graduate program in the period of 1977 to 2009.Three types of two-dimensional indicators were obtained by using bibliometric techniques: numerical, thematic and productivity. For dissertations and theses thematic characterization it was used the Subject categories and scope descriptions and the International Nuclear Information System Thesaurus (INIS). Through the statistical technique of clustering analysis, it was possible to classify them in five main groups, showing former performance and growth future trends of each group; for data extraction about theses productivity, regarding articles published; the Curriculo Lattes, and the local institutional database were used. Co-word analysis technique was used to establish a more precise correlation, between articles and theses, and for this purpose it was used the keywords from a controlled vocabulary. In order to validate the results, it was performed a survey, with the theses authors. Results obtained indicated that 55.9% of the articles published, between 5 years, before and after the thesis presentation, are strongly correlated to it. It was also observed that, correlated articles have been published, in an average of, 1, 63 year before the thesis presentation. Concerning databases, it was shown that they are valuable tools and could be used with multifunctional purposes, with a great potential to be used in bibliometric studies. It was also observed that the indicators reliability is strongly associated to the quality of data obtained from the databases.

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