Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia Giselda Rodrigues.pdf: 6444458 bytes, checksum: 21b23f9d2dbb7b981b18dca0cbf82af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The current situation of journalism in Brazil and the world is a time of changes, among them, those motivated by new communication technologies, which play an important role in how information is produced and disseminated. Journalism and the traditional journalist lose primacy in news production and compete with multiple communication possibilities and new actors. The impact of technology is also relevant in the daily lives of journalists, since the activities and techniques involved in their work suffer modifications, such as shortening the news production time, the need to understand the various technologies of communication and information increasingly sophisticated, and often the obligation to produce material for different media and formats. This research aims to identify the discursive practices of a community of journalists, in that moment of sharp changes in the profession, on the grounds of french Discourse Analysis and Ergology, the latter understood as an innovative approach of work activities, which allows to combine academic knowledge with the knowledge invested in the activity, revealing values, discourses. The treatment of the discourse from a global semantic (MAINGUENEAU, 1984/2007) assumes that the same determinations of a given discursive formation, its semantic restrictions, are extended simultaneously on the set of discursive plans and all the areas of the discourse, not only the statement, but also the enunciation, and even beyond, institutions, modes of organization of men, all submitted to the same process of structuring. The analysis of the corpus, which brought notes of observation and verbalizations from journalists in their work at Cotidiano section of the daily newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, texts published in issue corresponding to a day of work observed and also texts published on the occasion of reform presented in May 2010, allows grasping some semantic restrictions that permeate both the discourse and the activity of journalists today, and confirms the hypothesis that, compared to traditional journalism, new journalism is journalism that emerges less committed to social responsibility and more involved with entertainment / O momento atual do jornalismo no Brasil e no mundo é de mudanças, dentre elas aquelas motivadas pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação, que exercem papel importante no modo como a informação é produzida e disseminada. O jornalismo e o jornalista tradicional perdem a primazia na produção de notícias e concorrem com múltiplas possibilidades de comunicação e com novos atores. O impacto da tecnologia é também relevante no cotidiano dos jornalistas, uma vez que as atividades e técnicas envolvidas em seu trabalho sofrem modificações, tais como o encurtamento do tempo de produção de notícias e reportagens, a necessidade de conhecer as variadas tecnologias de comunicação e informação cada vez mais sofisticadas e, muitas vezes, a obrigatoriedade de produzir material para diferentes suportes e formatos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo conhecer práticas discursivas de uma comunidade de jornalistas, nesse momento de acentuadas transformações na profissão, com base nos fundamentos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa e da Ergologia, esta última entendida como forma inovadora de abordagem das atividades de trabalho, que permite conciliar os saberes acadêmicos com os saberes investidos na atividade, reveladores de valores, de discursos. O tratamento dos discursos a partir de uma semântica global (MAINGUENEAU, 1984/2007) pressupõe que as mesmas determinações de uma dada formação discursiva, suas restrições semânticas, se estendem simultaneamente sobre o conjunto dos planos discursivos e todos os domínios da discursividade, não somente o enunciado, mas também a enunciação, e mesmo, além dela, as instituições, os modos de organização dos homens, submetidos todos ao mesmo processo de estruturação. A análise do corpus, que reuniu anotações de observação do trabalho e de verbalizações de jornalistas na editoria de Cotidiano do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, textos publicados em edição correspondente a um dia de trabalho observado e, ainda, textos publicados por ocasião de reforma apresentada em maio de 2010, permite apreender algumas restrições semânticas que permeiam tanto os discursos quanto a atividade dos jornalistas na atualidade, e confirma a hipótese de que, comparado ao jornalismo tradicional, o novo jornalismo que emerge é um jornalismo menos comprometido com responsabilidade social e mais envolvido com entretenimento

Le récent développement des nanotechnologies induit des expositions potentielles aux nanoparticules dans une diversité de milieux professionnels. Une meilleure appréhension des risques et des expositions professionnelles aux nanoparticules représente alors un enjeu essentiel pour les acteurs de la prévention, ce qui nécessite d’enrichir, voire de rompre, avec les approches classiques de métrologie et de prévention. Dans ce contexte, notre thèse se centre sur le développement d’une méthodologie transdisciplinaire intégrant l’analyse de l’activité à la mesure afin de produire des connaissances sur l’exposition aux nanoparticules et sa maîtrise. A partir de la construction et de la validation d’une méthodologie par des spécialistes de la mesure des nanoparticules, de l’épidémiologie et de l’ergonomie, nos résultats s’orientent autour de trois axes. 1) La revue systématique de la littérature des préconisations actuelles pour évaluer les expositions professionnelles aux nanoparticules met en avant l’existence de 23 documents centrés sur la mesure des nanoparticules manufacturées seulement sans s’intéresser aux nanoparticules émises non intentionnellement par certains procédés industriels. Par ailleurs, ces recommandations à destination des préventeurs doivent évoluer pour une meilleure prise en compte de l’activité de travail et devenir opérationnelles. 2) La méthode d’évaluation de l’exposition produite tenant compte de ces limites, est passée par une mobilisation des acteurs de l’entreprise pour collecter des informations sur les situations potentielles d’exposition. Ensuite, des mesurages en temps réel et intégrés des aérosols, accompagnés d’enregistrements de la fréquence cardiaque et respiratoire sont synchronisés à des vidéos de situations de travail. Un découpage à différentes échelles temporelles en phase de l’activité ou en action détaillée de l’opérateur, conduit à révéler des situations d’exposition réelles aux nanoparticules, et évaluer leurs niveaux d’exposition intégrant l’intensité physique. 3) Nous montrons que les échanges avec les opérateurs lors d’entretiens de confrontation aux vidéos et mesures synchronisées, permettent de rendre visibles ces situations d’exposition et leurs déterminants, sous forme de situations d’exposition caractéristiques. Cette présentation des résultats de l’analyse de l’activité, contribue à comprendre et mettre en perspective les pratiques de sécurité formelles pour les faire évoluer. C’est par ces échanges collectifs que les déterminants de l’exposition sont découverts, ce qui permet aux différents acteurs de renforcer la maîtrise de l’exposition. L’usage des situations d’exposition est aussi un moyen d’agir sur les projets de conception en transférant des repères pour la conception et la prévention. Il devient alors possible d’enrichir les évaluations de l’exposition aux nanoparticules et contribuer à la construction collective de la sécurité dans l’innovation. / The recent development of nanotechnologies has led to potential exposures to nanoparticles in a variety of workplaces. A better understanding of occupational exposures to nanoparticles represents a major stake for prevention stakeholders. These exposures require an overhaul of, and perhaps a break from traditional metrology and prevention approaches, as they are challenged by the particular characteristics of nanoparticles. In this context, this thesis focuses on the development of a transdisciplinary methodology integrating work activity analysis with measurement in order to produce knowledges on exposure to nanoparticles and its control.From the construction and the validation of a methodology between specialists in nanoparticle measurement, epidemiology and ergonomics, our results follow three axes. 1) The systematic review of the literature on current recommendations for assessing occupational exposures to nanoparticles highlights the existence of 23 documents focusing on the measurement of manufactured nanoparticles only, excluding nanoparticles emitted unintentionally by some industrial processes. In addition, these recommendations for preventionists must evolve to take better account of work activity and become operational. 2) The exposure assessment method developed in this thesis work is based on the mobilization of the company's stakeholders to gather information on potential exposure situations. Then, real-time as well as time averaged aerosol measurements, accompanied by heart rate recording, were synchronized with videos of work situations. A breakdown at different time scales, at the work activity stage or in more detailed action carried out by the operator, revealed real exposure situations to nanoparticles, and characterized the associated exposure levels, taking into account the physical intensity of the work. 3) We show that discussions with operators during confrontation interviews involving real-time measurement synchronized to videos of the work activity, made it possible to make these exposure situations and their determinants visible, in the form of “typical exposure situations”. Presenting the results in association with the work activity analysis in the companies contributes to understanding and questioning the regulated safety practices to make them change. It is through these collective exchanges that the determinants of exposure are discovered, allowing to the company’s stakeholders to improve exposure control. The use of exposure situations is also a means of influencing design projects by transferring requirements for conception or prevention. It therefore becomes possible to expand exposure assessment to nanoparticles and contribute to collectively build safety within innovation.

Bemanningsbranschen i Sverige är expansiv. Arbetet som konsult innebär ständiga anpassningar till nya miljöer. Arbetsmiljön består av psykosociala och fysiska aspekter och idag är problemen inom psykosociala arbetsmiljön mer uttalade än på 1990-talet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur personer som arbetar på ett bemanningsföretag inom lager, verkstad och industri, uppfattar att deras fysiska- och psykosociala arbetsmiljö påverkar arbetsutförande och välbefinnande på arbetet samt om demografiska faktorer inverkar på hur arbetsmiljön uppfattas. Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie, där bedömningsinstrumentet Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) har använts. I studien har 30 konsulter inom bemanningsbranschen intervjuats. Resultatet visar att de faktorer som uppfattas mest stödjande för utförandet av arbetet är ”Medlemskap i arbetsgrupp”, ”Interaktion med andra” samt ”Förväntningar i utförandet av arbetet”. De faktorer som uppfattades som mest hindrande för utförandet av arbetet var ”Arbetsuppgiftens krav”, ”Förmåner” samt ”Samspel med överordnade”. Sammanfattningsvis visade sig gemenskapen med andra, såväl med medarbetare som med kunder vara mest stödjande. De hindrande faktorerna utgjordes främst av ett bristande ledarskap från bemanningsföretagets överordnade, i form av stöd och uppskattning gentemot konsulterna. / The Swedish employment agency industry is expanding. Working as a consultant implies constant adjustments to new environments. The work environment consists of physical and psychosocial factors. Today, psychosocial problems in the work environment are more complex than in the 1990s. The aim of the study is to examine how people working in an employment agency that provides staff for warehouse, workshops and industries, perceive that their physical– and psychosocial work environment affects work performance and wellbeing at work and whether demographical factors influence how the work environment is perceived. The study is a crosssectional study, and the assessment tool Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) has been applied. In the study 30 consultants in an employment agency industry were interviewed. The result shows that environmental factors perceived as most supportive of work performance and wellbeing at work were ”Work group membership”, ”Interaction with others” and ”Work role standards”. The environmental factors of work that were perceived as most limiting of work performance, satisfaction, and wellbeing at work were “Task demands”, “Rewards” and “Supervisor interaction”. In conclusion, fellowship with others - co-workers as well as customers - was shown to be the most supportive environmental factor. The limiting factors were mainly failing leadership from the employment agency's superior, and lack of support and display of appreciation towards the consultants.

<p> </p><p>Bemanningsbranschen i Sverige är expansiv. Arbetet som konsult innebär ständiga anpassningar till nya miljöer. Arbetsmiljön består av psykosociala och fysiska aspekter och idag är problemen inom psykosociala arbetsmiljön mer uttalade än på 1990-talet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur personer som arbetar på ett bemanningsföretag inom lager, verkstad och industri, uppfattar att deras fysiska- och psykosociala arbetsmiljö påverkar arbetsutförande och välbefinnande på arbetet samt om demografiska faktorer inverkar på hur arbetsmiljön uppfattas. Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie, där bedömningsinstrumentet Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) har använts. I studien har 30 konsulter inom bemanningsbranschen intervjuats. Resultatet visar att de faktorer som uppfattas mest stödjande för utförandet av arbetet är ”Medlemskap i arbetsgrupp”, ”Interaktion med andra” samt ”Förväntningar i utförandet av arbetet”. De faktorer som uppfattades som mest hindrande för utförandet av arbetet var ”Arbetsuppgiftens krav”, ”Förmåner” samt ”Samspel med överordnade”. Sammanfattningsvis visade sig gemenskapen med andra, såväl med medarbetare som med kunder vara mest stödjande. De hindrande faktorerna utgjordes främst av ett bristande ledarskap från bemanningsföretagets överordnade, i form av stöd och uppskattning gentemot konsulterna.</p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p>The Swedish employment agency industry is expanding. Working as a consultant implies constant adjustments to new environments. The work environment consists of physical and psychosocial factors. Today, psychosocial problems in the work environment are more complex than in the 1990s. The aim of the study is to examine how people working in an employment agency that provides staff for warehouse, workshops and industries, perceive that their physical– and psychosocial work environment affects work performance and wellbeing at work and whether demographical factors influence how the work environment is perceived. The study is a crosssectional study, and the assessment tool Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) has been applied. In the study 30 consultants in an employment agency industry were interviewed. The result shows that environmental factors perceived as most supportive of work performance and wellbeing at work were ”Work group membership”, ”Interaction with others” and ”Work role standards”. The environmental factors of work that were perceived as most limiting of work performance, satisfaction, and wellbeing at work were “Task demands”, “Rewards” and “Supervisor interaction”. In conclusion, fellowship with others - co-workers as well as customers - was shown to be the most supportive environmental factor. The limiting factors were mainly failing leadership from the employment agency's superior, and lack of support and display of appreciation towards the consultants.</p><p> </p>

The overall aim of the study is to show, from an ethnographic point of view, the what, why and how of events in the daily life of the principals studied. The ambition is to try to understand the meaning of being a principal and the complex situation in which they op-erate. Some questions raised are: What do the principals’ working days look like? What constitutes the foundations of school leadership? What characterizes the context (the cul-tures) in which they work? Has gender any significance for school leadership? Earlier knowledge about leadership is mainly based on studies of male leaders, and or-ganizations are often considered as gender neutral. These circumstances make it urgent to study leadership from a gender perspective. Using an explorative, ethnographic approach with participant observations and recorded interviews seven principals were studied. Most of the data was collected during one and a half years of fieldwork, where the work of one female principal was observed. The result shows that leadership is a complex phenomenon. Relationships are seen as an essential aspect, and most of the daily work is accomplished through meetings and conver-sations with other people. The study illuminates how “a real principal” is constructed through relationships between many different individuals and groups. In this variety of sub-cultures different values and norms of behaviour are found. Schools can thus be regarded as multicultural organizations. Daily the principal has to try to understand, be aware of, and handle this cultural diversity. Partly as a consequence of this, emotions are constantly pre-sent in principals’ daily work. Principals have to deal with their own feelings as well as those of others. Contours of a gender contract are outlined, where cultural understandings of women and men become evident, and which the principals have to relate to.

Toute activité humaine requiert un espace. La situation de travail n’échappe pas à cette exigence. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ spatial de l’activité de travail. Elle cherche à articuler la question de l’activité à celle de sa dimension spatiale dans la réalisation du travail. Cette réflexion apporte un éclairage sur la relation et le rôle de l’espace dans la réalisation de l’activité sous l’angle de l’analyse et de la conception.L’objet de la réflexion consiste, dans un premier temps, à revisiter la notion d’espace dans la situation de travail. La visée est de développer en ergonomie la réflexion sur la dimension spatiale de l’activité. Après un balayage des approches du concept d’espace, les résultats d’une analyse du travail en milieu postal sont exploités pour proposer le concept d’espace de l’activité. Il s’agit de l’espace modelé et agi dans et par l’activité de travail. Il s’inscrit dans un double cadre théorique : (i) L’approche instrumentale permet de montrer comment l’espace donné est modifié et ajusté dans l’activité. L’artefact comporte le dispositif matériel (éléments du bâti, matériels) mais aussi organisationnel (agencements).(ii) La théorie défendue par l’enaction vise à saisir la dimension émergente de l’espace de l’activité dans sa construction simultanée et imbriquée au déroulé de l’activité. Il s’agit d’une production et d’une transformation continue de l’espace au sens d’une « production locale ». Le concept d’espace de l’activité constitue une nouvelle unité d’analyse permettant la prise en compte de la dimension spatiale dans la situation de travail. La réflexion vise, dans un second temps, à proposer une démarche pour intervenir en conception avec l’objectif de développer l’activité et l’espace de l’activité. Elle invite à une conception conjointe de l’activité et de son espace. Cette approche par l’espace de l’activité est illustrée par l’intervention - recherche conduite en milieu postal. L’idée défendue est que toute activité se réalise dans un espace de façon matérielle et immatérielle au travers des actions, des relations entre les sujets ou entre les sujets et les objets qui les entourent dans la réalisation de l’activité.- D’un côté, il s’agit de concevoir l’espace, en tant que dispositif matériel et organisationnel, comme un support à l’activité dans une approche instrumentale et développementale des artefacts et des activités.- De l’autre, il s’agit de prendre en compte la dimension émergente de l’espace de l’activité qui déborde de la visée proprement instrumentale.L’enjeu est d’engager une démarche pour penser conjointement l’espace et l’activité dans une visée de développement de l’activité et de l’espace de l’activité. / All human activity requires a spatial dimension; working is not circumventing this prerequisite. The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of the working activity’s spatial dimension. Working is addressed in the space dimensional context that is necessary for it’s accomplishment. This reflection sheds light on the role and relation of space in the accomplishment of the activity.The reflection consists first in revisiting the notion of space in the context of work; the aim is to develop in terms of ergonomics, the understanding of the spatial dimension of the activity. Results from the analysis of work in a postal environment are used in order to propose the concept of “the space of activity”. This is about modeled space and it acts in and through the working activity.It arises in the frame of a double theoretical context:- The instrumental approach allows us to demonstrate how a given space is modified and adjusted during the activity. The artefact consists of the material devices (building material) and organization (layout).- The enaction theory consists in catching the emerging dimensions of the activity’s space simultaneously to the activity’s development. It is about continuous creation and transformation of the space in terms of “local production”. The concept of the activity’s space represents a novel analysis unit allowing the consideration of the space dimension in working situations. Second, the reflection consists in the proposition of an approach that interferes with the conception and the objectives to develop the activity and the space for the activity. This requests a joint conception of the activity and it’s space. The approach by the activity’s space is illustrated by the intervention that is a research conducted in a postal environment. The defended idea is that any activity is carried out in space in a material and immaterial manner, through actions, relations between the subjects or between the surrounding objects and subjects in the achievement of the activity- On one side, it is about defining space as a material and organizational device and as a support for activity in an instrumental and developmental approach by the artifacts and activities.- On the other side, it is about taking in account the emerging dimension of the activity’s space that overcomes the purely instrumental goal. The challenge is to create a way to think about both the space and the activity in a perspective of activity development and space.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3821.pdf: 9544933 bytes, checksum: 38813dfd917abb1a5ccb01677139ca30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-18 / This research aims to describe, in the organizational dynamics of a clothing manufacturing industry of medium size, more specifically in their sewing unit, the changes occurred during the implementation and use of performance indicators when aggregated in their development concepts and methods of Situated Ergonomics. The Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs) has always been part of the organizations and in recent decades has become more important due to the competitiveness and constant changes of the market as well as evolving toward more balanced structures to include all important factors that influencing the organizations competitiveness. The motivation of this study was the observation that PMSs identifies the priorities of performance in a top-down flow within the organizational structure, usually leaving or passing through the strategy. This process presents a strong bias technocentric, in which it aims to understand the structure and the organization's business processes and relegates to other instances much of real parts which are run by people in the everyday operations. Having the perception of this limitation, among other weaknesses in their development, deployment and use, many of these publishers of these models recommend that development is a participatory process, but does not define the way and depth to examine the reality of working at this level. Situated Ergonomics, in turn, pursued the objectives of well-being of the worker and process performance by analyzing the employee at work during the work activity and its effective contribution through verbalizations and confrontation of representations, so better understand their conditions and determinants. This Situated Ergonomics feature appeared to meet the limitation observed in the development of PMSs in a manner that sought to enter their concepts and methods during the development, deployment and use of performance indicators in the unit of sewing clothing manufacturing industry of medium size. The study was conducted through an action research which aimed to harmonize the cycles of intervention proposed by Haims and Carayon for the implementation of an ergonomics program, based on Situated Ergonomics, and the script development of PMS proposed by Andersen and Fagerhaug. The study indicated that by incorporating concepts and methods of ergonomics located in the development process and review of performance indicators this condition allowed the emergence of knowledge and collective needs, and develop a space for discussion and negotiation that enabled a better understanding of different views on the processes of transformation and its goals on the work carried out and performance indicators. In this context the incorporation proved to be mentioned as an important factor of change in the way the information is used by the SMD stakeholders. Despite the positive aspects of the negotiation space developed in these conditions, it was observed that this area is fragile in the face of contingencies that occur in a medium sized company. / Esta pesquisa busca descrever, na dinâmica organizacional de uma média empresa de confecção do vestuário, mais especificamente em sua unidade de costura, as mudanças ocorridas durante a implementação e uso de indicadores de desempenho quando agregado em seu desenvolvimento os conceitos e método da ergonomia situada. Os Sistemas de Medição de Desempenho (SMDs) sempre estiveram presentes nas organizações e vem nas últimas décadas tornando-se mais importantes devido à competitividade e às mudanças constantes do mercado, bem como evoluindo para estruturas mais balanceadas para abranger os principais fatores que influenciam na competitividade das organizações. A motivação deste estudo foi a observação de que os SMDs identificam as prioridades de desempenho num fluxo top down dentro da estrutura organizacional, geralmente partindo ou passando pela estratégia. Este processo traz consigo um viés fortemente tecnocêntrico, no qual se procura compreender a estrutura e os processos de negócio da organização e relega-se a outras instâncias boa parte do real que é executado pelas pessoas no cotidiano operacional. Tendo a percepção desta limitação, dentre outras fragilidades no seu desenvolvimento, implantação e uso, muitos dos divulgadores destes modelos recomendam que seu desenvolvimento seja um processo participativo, mas não define a forma e o grau de profundidade em analisar a realidade do trabalho neste nível. A Ergonomia Situada, por sua vez, busca atender os objetivos de bemestar do trabalhador e de desempenho do processo analisando o trabalhador em ação, durante sua atividade de trabalho e com sua efetiva contribuição por meio de verbalizações e confrontações das representações, de forma a compreender melhor os seus condicionantes e determinantes. Esta característica da Ergonomia Situada pareceu atender a limitação observada no desenvolvimento dos SMDs de forma que se buscou inserir seus conceitos e método durante o processo de desenvolvimento, implantação e uso de indicadores de desempenho na unidade de costura de uma empresa de confecção de vestuário de médio porte. O estudo foi conduzido através de uma pesquisa-ação na qual se buscou compatibilizar os ciclos de intervenção proposto por Haims e Carayon para implantação de um programa de ergonomia, no caso baseado na ergonomia situada, e o roteiro de desenvolvimento de SMD proposto por Andersen e Fagerhaug. O estudo indicou que ao se incorporar conceitos e métodos da ergonomia situada no processo de desenvolvimento e reavaliação de indicadores de desempenho esta condição permitiu a emersão de saberes e necessidades coletivas, além de desenvolver um espaço de discussão e negociação que possibilitou uma melhor compreensão dos diferentes olhares sobre os processos de transformação e suas metas, sobre os trabalhos realizados e sobre os indicadores de desempenho. Neste contexto a incorporação mencionada mostrou-se como um importante fator de mudança na forma como as informações do SMD são utilizadas pelos atores. Apesar dos aspectos positivos do espaço de negociação desenvolvido nestas condições, observou-se que este espaço é frágil frente às contingências que ocorrem numa empresa de porte médio.

La thèse s'appuie essentiellement sur l'activité de travail du tuteur pour mieux comprendre la co-construction de son identité professionnelle. Cette activité, qui n'est pas reconnue comme une profession, mais comme une fonction qui fait appel à des compétences très sophistiquées. Les normes de cette fonction sont proposées par l'institution, mais comme ce n'est pas une profession reconnue, elle n'est pas régulée. Il s'agit d'un travail prescrit, basé sur des compétences préétablies. Mais quand les tuteurs et tutorés sont confrontés à la réalité, avec un parcours à faire dans l'activité réelle, comment ce processus se déroule-t-il ? Quelle est l'influence de l'activité de travail dans la co-construction de l'identité professionnelle du tuteur ? Sans être reconnu, le tutorat est généralement relégué à une activité secondaire. Cette étude a été réalisée afin de mieux comprendre l'identité professionnelle du tuteur, La méthodologie a été structurée en trois étapes : l'analyse documentaire du travail prescrit par le programme Àgora ; l'analyse du contenu du forum de 13 et après cinq tuteurs et l'entretien d'explication dirigé avec cinq tuteurs. À la fin de cette étude nous avons pu constater que l'identité du tuteur est liée à divers éléments : les valeurs, la culture, l'éducation et l'expérience, mais qu'il n'a pas une seule façon d'agir, mais de nombreuses manières d'interagir, qui changent selon les choix et les outils du tuteur. Le tuteur doit donc maîtriser un ensemble de compétences qui appuieront ses choix en fonction du moment et des interfaces dans les enjeux de son activité. / The thesis is based essentially on the work activity of the tutor to better understand the co-construction of professional identity. This activity, which is not recognized as a profession, but as a function that uses highly sophisticated skills. Standards of this function are provided by the institution, but as it is not a recognized profession, it is not regulated. There is a prescribed work, based on predetermined competencies. But when tutors and tutees face reality, with a route to do in real activity, how this process is developed? What is the influence of the actual work activity in the co-construction of tutor's professional identity? This study was developed in order to better understand professional identity. The methodology was structured into 3 steps: documentary analysis about work prescribed by the Àgora program - all the tutors of the course of specialization in primary health care in the family; analysis of the content of the forum of 13 and 5 tutors; the interview of explanation conducted with 5 tutors. At the end of this study, it was found that the identity of the tutor is linked to various elements, values, culture, education, experience. And that there isn't a way of acting, but many manners to interact that will change according to the choices and tools that the tutor has. So, the tutor must master a set of skills that will support his choices depending on the moment and interfaces into play. / No Brasil os primeiros registros de educação a distância remontam o início do século XX. De lá para cá foram muitos os projetos e leis que tramitaram no Senado com o intuito de melhor estruturar essa atividade de ensino. No entanto, um dos pontos importantes nesse processo ainda é clarear o papel do tutor. Isto não é uma tarefa muito simples, dada a complexidade do seu papel, as mudanças no cenário histórico cultural e os avanços das tecnologias da informação e comunicação. O impacto dessas mudanças na educação pode ser percebido de muitas maneiras, do número de informações acessíveis e abertas a todos até a exclusão social, de regiões e indivíduos desfavorecidos, provocada por longas distâncias geográficas e sociais. Com esse olhar, em 2006, o governo Brasileiro fortaleceu a proposta de acesso a uma formação superior e desenvolvimento social a partir da educação a distância, sancionando leis e fomentando o acesso de toda a população brasileira. Com esse processo a figura do tutor toma corpo no cenário nacional. Sem ser reconhecida, a tutoria é normalmente relegada a uma atividade secundária. Como o tutor poderá visar uma melhor estruturação de suas tarefas prescritas para responder a necessidade do tutorado? Quais são os limites dessa relação pedagógica? O trabalho prescrito é baseado em competencias pré-estabelecidas. Mas quando tutores e tutorados são confrontados com a realidade, com um percurso a ser feito, em uma atividade real como este processo se desenvolve? Qual a influência da atividade real de trabalho na co-construção da identidade profissioanal do tutor? Este estudo foi elaborado com o intuito de melhor compreender a identidade profissional a partir das interfaces : tutorado, conteúdo, contexto sócio histórico, politico, econômico, institucional, seus pares e ele mesmo. Nós partimos da hipótese de que o tutor desenvolve suas competências didático-pedagógicas e educativas a partir de sua experiência no exercício da tutoria na plataforma. Para isso ele conta, em certos casos, com uma transferência de competências vindas de outras experiências profissionais e de ensino. Mas na experiência online, ele deve desenvolver outras competências de ensino baseadas em marcadores linguísticos que constituem indicadores que lhe permitem estruturar e adaptar a mediação à aprendizagem do tutorado. E este processo contribui para co-construir a sua identidade profissional. A metodologia foi estruturada em 4 etapas: análise documental; análise do trabalho prescrito pelo programa Àgora à todos tutores do curso de especialização em atenção básica em saúde da família; análise do conteúdo do fórum de 13 tutores, a partir do qual foram estruturadas as perguntas para a etapa seguinte; e entrevista de explicitação realizada com cinco tutores. Todas essas etapas foram acompanhadas de revisão sistemática da literatura, com o intuito de compreender a atividade do tutor e compreender os elementos que constituem sua identidade profissional. No final deste estudo foi possível constatar que a identidade do tutor é ligada a vários elementos, valores, cultura, formação, experiência. Mas que não há uma maneira de atuação, mas sim várias maneiras de interagir que variam conforme as escolhas e ferramentas que o tutor possui. Também a maneira pela qual o tutor realiza sua mediação é baseada na forma como o tutorado interage e se posiciona na plataforma. Assim o tutor deve 222 dominar um conjunto de competências que o apoiarão em suas escolhas dependendo do momento e das interfaces em jogo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josiane.pdf: 6047437 bytes, checksum: 7ed52c285e70263e8bf9e1b22b21a251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the relevance of supervised preservice training for teachers training and the complexity of this activity, this research has as its general aim to investigate characteristics of the work of Portuguese language preservice teaching trainees in order to contribute for the understanding of conflicts arising in this training stage. To do this, we propose the following specific aims: (a) to investigate to whom is directed the activity of Portuguese language teaching trainees during supervised preservice training; (b) to verify from linguistic practices of teaching trainees how discussions about norms applying to their activity arise; (c) to analyze how the use of self by oneself and by others happens during preservice training and (d) to identify discursive clues that refer to the real of the activity of Portuguese language teaching preservice training. Our theoretical background are studies of Bakhtin s Circle that have as their crucial assumption the conception of language as a constitutively dialogical phenomenon, studies that are integrated for the aims of our work with studies carried through by Work Sciences, which consider work a complex object and recognize the importance of analyzing language for adequately understanding it. In accordance with the adopted theoretical perspective and taking into account the importance of having work protagonists talk about the activity they carry through, we created two different speech spaces for research subjects three teaching trainees from the Course of Letters of a private university of a city of Rio Grande do Sul to talk about their preservice training period: (a) individual interviews and (b) the participation in a discussion group. As a parameter for focusing the analysis, considering recurrence and aims to reach, we selected, by examining utterances produced by trainees, three topics in circulation: (a) to whom teaching activity is directed during supervised preservice training, (b) conceptions of Portuguese language teaching and (c) difficulties lived during preservice training. From each topic and considering the reflection's theoretical basis, we analyzed from an enunciative-discursive point of view, trainees utterances produced considering interdependently the specific conditions of research, the situation where verbal interactions materialize and linguistic materiality aspects. Results point to the fact that speech spaces created in the research provided different interactions that produced in alterity relationships several different subjectivity productions and the recognition of part of the complexity of the teaching activity in preservice training. Moreover, considering the dynamic character of human subjects, language, the sense and work activity itself, dimensions traversed by a multiplicity of voices, we point out some characteristics of Portuguese language preservice teaching trainees activity: (a) their work is constituted from the conflicting character of the other to whom they direct their activity and from the restricted space for the use of self, mainly by oneself; (b) their practice is traversed by a permanent tension among antecedent norms (proceeding from different spaces) and the inevitable renormalizations and (c) there is a movement of constant tension between the activity carried through and the real of the activity , and therefore trainees are evaluated at all moments and need to adjust their work to requirements that are not only different but many times divergent from their own points of view / Levando em consideração a importância do estágio supervisionado na formação docente e a complexidade dessa atividade, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar características do trabalho de professores-estagiários de língua portuguesa, a fim de contribuir para a compreensão dos conflitos dessa etapa de formação. Para atingir tal objetivo, propomos os seguintes objetivos específicos: (a) investigar para quem é direcionada a atividade do professor de língua portuguesa durante a realização do estágio supervisionado; (b) verificar, a partir das práticas linguageiras dos professores-estagiários, como aparece o debate de normas em sua atividade; (c) analisar como se dá o uso de si por si e pelos outros durante o estágio de língua portuguesa e (d) verificar pistas discursivas que remetem ao real da atividade do professor de língua portuguesa no período de seu estágio. Sob o ponto de vista teórico, partimos dos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin, que têm como pressuposto básico a concepção de que a linguagem é constitutivamente dialógica, e estabelecemos interlocução com os estudos realizados pelas Ciências do Trabalho que consideram o trabalho como um objeto complexo e reconhecem a importância da análise da linguagem para a sua compreensão. De acordo com a perspectiva teórica adotada e levando em conta a importância de o protagonista do trabalho verbalizar sobre a atividade que realiza, criamos dois diferentes espaços de fala para que os participantes da pesquisa três professores-estagiários, alunos do Curso de Letras de uma universidade particular do interior do Rio Grande do Sul falassem sobre a sua prática de estágio docente: (a) entrevistas individuais e (b) participação em um grupo de discussão. Como critério de entrada na análise, tendo em vista a recorrência e os objetivos propostos, selecionamos, por meio dos enunciados produzidos pelos estagiários, três temas em circulação: (a) o direcionamento da atividade docente durante o estágio supervisionado, (b) concepções referentes ao ensino de língua portuguesa e (c) dificuldades no desenvolvimento do estágio. A partir de cada tema e tendo em vista os pressupostos teóricos que embasam a reflexão, analisamos, sob o ponto de vista enunciativo-discursivo, enunciados dialógicos produzidos considerando, de forma interdependente, as condições específicas de pesquisa, a situação em que se materializam as interações verbais e aspectos da materialidade lingüística. Resultados apontam para o fato de que os espaços de fala criados na pesquisa proporcionaram diferentes interações suscitando, na relação de alteridade, variadas produções de subjetividade e o reconhecimento de parte da complexidade da atividade docente no período de estágio. Além disso, considerando a dinamicidade do sujeito, da linguagem, dos sentidos e da própria atividade laboral, dimensões perpassadas por uma multiplicidade de vozes, destacamos algumas características da atividade do professorestagiário de língua portuguesa: (a) seu trabalho é constituído a partir do caráter conflituoso do direcionamento da atividade e do restrito espaço ao uso de si, principalmente por si; (b) sua prática é perpassada por um embate permanente entre as normas antecedentes (provenientes de diferentes espaços) e as renormalizações e (c) há um movimento de tensão constante entre a atividade realizada e o real da atividade , pois o estagiário é avaliado a todo momento e precisa adequar seu trabalho a exigências distintas, muitas vezes divergentes de seus próprios pontos de vista

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-12T12:38:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 singularidade_atividade.pdf: 968669 bytes, checksum: 121cc6b63ad2ee3f41ca4a395cc5b467 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-12T12:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 singularidade_atividade.pdf: 968669 bytes, checksum: 121cc6b63ad2ee3f41ca4a395cc5b467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e compreender a singularidade do trabalhador presente nas situações de trabalho, quando, em atividade de trabalho. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma indústria do segmento automotivo, situada em Porto Alegre, junto a trabalhadores que, atualmente, ocupam o cargo de montador de produção. O referencial teórico foi sustentado por dois pilares. A perspectiva ergológica, por Yves Schwartz, tomou uma representação significativa nesta pesquisa pelo fato de ter uma visão filosófica sobre a atividade de trabalho, considerando a singularidade, valores, escolhas e saberes do trabalhador em atividade. A segunda perspectiva incorporada foi de Bernard Charlot - antropológica - ao estudar a relação que o sujeito estabelece com seu saber. A partir do aporte teórico, juntamente com os dados coletados, foi possível realizar uma discussão e entender que os trabalhadores procuram, singularmente, criar, recriar e renormalizar em situações de trabalho. Isso se torna factível porque a atividade é um momento a ser vivido pelos trabalhadores. Por mais prescrita que seja a atividade, sempre haverá lacunas. O trabalho representa um objeto duplo para os trabalhadores. Por um lado, há o objetivo de atender às necessidades de independência financeira e de estar inserido socialmente. Por outro, o trabalho atendeu estes trabalhadores como objeto de desejo. Nas situações de trabalho, foi possível identificá-los investindo emocionalmente, se movimentando, se mobilizando para atender além do que havia sido prescrito pela empresa. Pode-se inferir que tal mobilização tenha ocorrido a partir da relação que constituíram com seus familiares, pais, amigos, colegas e professores, como também pela noção de classe: ser metalúrgico. Ao se colocar uma lupa na singularidade do trabalhador, emerge um grande desafio que é considerar as consequências para a formação do trabalhador da singularidade presente na sua atividade de trabalho e na sua relação com o saber. Assim, poderá influenciar nos fundamentos da educação de trabalhadores em nosso país. / This study aimed to analyze and understand the singularity of worker in labor situations, when in work activity. Data collection was performed in an automotive industry, located in Porto Alegre, with workers who currently occupy the position of production assembler. The theoretical reference was supported by two pillars. The ergological perspective, by Yves Schwartz, took a significant representation in this research, because it has a philosophical view on the work activity, considering the singularity, values, choices and knowledge of the worker in activity. The second incorporated perspective was anthropological, by Bernard Charlot, when studying the relation the subject establishes with his knowledge. From the theoretical contribution, with the data collected, it was possible to make a discussion and understand that workers seek, in a singular way, to create, to recreate and to renomalizate in work situations. This becomes feasible because the activity is a moment to be experienced by workers. However, it is prescribed, there will always be gaps. The work represents a double object to workers. On the one hand there is the objective of meeting the needs of financial independence and being placed socially. Second, the work met these workers as objects of desire. In work situations, it was possible to identify them investing emotionally, moving, preparing to meet beyond what had been prescribed by the company. It can be inferred that such mobilization occurred from the relationship that formed with their families, parents, friends, colleagues and teachers, but also by the notion of class: being metallurgists. When putting a magnifying glass on the singularity of the employee, it emerges a big challenge: to consider the consequences for the training worker of the singularity present in the work activity and its relationship with the knowledge. Thus, it can influence education workers fundaments in our country.