Dentre as investigações realizadas em Psicologia Positiva Organizacional, encontram-se as concepções de flow e engajamento no trabalho, que podem ser utilizadas para se criar excelentes condições de funcionamento, tanto para as empresas, quanto para os trabalhadores. No entanto, esse é um processo complexo que se relaciona com recursos internos e externos às pessoas e, por isso, ao mesmo tempo em que têm o potencial de motivar ações competentes, pode gerar tensões excessivas, potencialmente prejudiciais à saúde. OBJETIVO: Com o intuito de colaborar para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e aplicações práticas nessa área, esse estudo teve como propósito central investigar as relações entre os conceitos de flow e engajamento no trabalho e analisar a influência dos recursos pessoais e do contexto laboral em cada um desses construtos. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 317 profissionais, selecionados por conveniência. Os participantes responderam um Questionário Sociodemográfico e sete escalas que permitiram medir: flow, engajamento, recursos individuais e contexto de trabalho. A coleta de dados se deu por meio eletrônico. Foi realizada análise ponderada de rede, englobando todas as variáveis dessa pesquisa, em que foram estudadas as correlações e a magnitude das mesmas. RESULTADOS: Os achados geraram recomendações e sugiram aplicações das concepções de flow e engajamento no trabalho através do investimento nos recursos individuais e laborais, com o consequente desenvolvimento de um funcionamento ótimo dos indivíduos e grupos nas organizações. CONTRIBUIÇÃO: Os resultados indicaram que as relações entre empresa e colaborador podem ser essenciais, tanto para o sucesso da instituição, como para a qualidade de vida e a performance dos seus funcionários. / From the results found in researches carried out in the labor field, it is understood that the relationship between company and employee could be essential, both for the success of the institution, as well as for the quality of life of its employees. Among the investigations carried out in Positive Organizational Psychology are the concepts of flow and engagement at work, which can be used to create excellent working conditions, both for the companies and workers. However, this is a complex process that relates to people’s internal and external resources and has the potential to motivate competent actions or generate excessive tensions potentially harmful to health. OBJECTIVE: In order to collaborate in the development of knowledge and practical applications in this area, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the concepts of flow and engagement in the workplace and to analyze the influence of personal resources and the labor context in each one of these constructs. METHOD: 317 professionals, selected by convenience, participated in this study. Participants answered a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and seven scales that allowed measuring: flow, engagement, individual resources and job demands-resources. Data collection was by electronic means. A network analysis was conducted, constituting all the variables proposed in this research, in which their relationships and their magnitude were studied. RESULTS: The findings generated recommendations and suggested applications of the concepts of flow and engagement in work through investment in individual and work resources, with the consequent development of optimal functioning of individuals and groups in organizations. CONTRIBUTION: The results indicated that the relationship between company and employee can be essential, both for the success of the institution, for the quality of life and the performance of its employees.

<p>As more organizations adopt varying work arrangements (e.g., remote, in-person work), it is increasingly important to understand factors that associate with employee’s job satisfaction under different work contexts. Previous studies, based almost entirely on in-person work contexts, have mixed findings on whether certain personality traits relate to job satisfaction. The current meta-analysis investigates the potential moderating role of work context on the relation between personality and job satisfaction. Specifically, I examine how personality traits are associated with job satisfaction differently under remote and in-person work contexts. I first compiled an integrated definition of remote work and identified the unique characteristics that contrast remote from in-person work contexts. Drawing from interactionist theories, I then highlighted how the characteristics of work context could moderate the relation between the Big Five personality traits and job satisfaction. I conducted a meta-analysis, quantitatively summarizing findings from 246 studies (<em>N</em> = 260,492). Results suggested that all five Big Five personality traits are significantly related to job satisfaction, however work context did not moderate the relation. Overall, findings from the current study suggest that the personality-job satisfaction relation is statistically significant and robust across contextual differences.</p>

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma anÃlise das relaÃÃes entre competÃncias, contexto de trabalho e desempenho individual, trazendo o campo das organizaÃÃes sociais como espaÃo de discussÃo, reflexÃo e compreensÃo destas temÃticas. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi caracterizar as dimensÃes do contexto e as competÃncias funcionais do grupo estudado, relacionando-as com o desempenho no trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, de carÃter descritivo em seus objetivos e de abordagem quantitativo-qualitativa para a coleta e tratamento dos dados. A amostra de pesquisados foi composta por agentes de recrutamento e seleÃÃo da unidade de atendimento Centro do Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Trabalho. Foram utilizados como instrumentais quantitativos, uma escala de avaliaÃÃo do contexto de trabalho e um questionÃrio para a identificaÃÃo de competÃncias embasado no Modelo IMBA. Essas informaÃÃes foram tratadas mediante estatÃstica descrita simples. Posteriormente, foi realizado um grupo focal que permitiu explorar aspectos referentes Ãs competÃncias e ao contexto, observando suas relaÃÃes e impactos para o desempenho individual, utilizando-se da anÃlise de conteÃdo para sua interpretaÃÃo. A observaÃÃo direta sistemÃtica tambÃm foi usada para auxiliar na compreensÃo da dinÃmica citada e anÃlise das informaÃÃes coletadas. Com base nos achados quantitativos, foram delimitadas 11 competÃncias funcionais e as dimensÃes do contexto de trabalho apresentaram resultado crÃtico (organizaÃÃo do trabalho) e satisfatÃrio (condiÃÃes de trabalho e relaÃÃes socioprofissionais). As informaÃÃes qualitativas apontaram aspectos que impactam na expressÃo e desenvolvimento das competÃncias, sua relevÃncia para execuÃÃo das tarefas diÃrias, o impacto social dos resultados do trabalho e a falta de reconhecimento do desempenho bem como o suporte da instituiÃÃo em superar as dificuldades apresentadas no contexto vivenciado. Conclui-se que o contexto de trabalho investigado apresenta caracterÃsticas que impactam negativamente na mobilizaÃÃo e expressÃo das competÃncias identificadas como relevantes ao grupo e, consequentemente, sobre seu desempenho. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi, portanto, alcanÃado. Ademais, os achados contribuem para aumentar o nÃvel conceitual do campo investigado, o que pode dar suporte a novos estudos na Ãrea. / This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between skills, work context and individual performance, bringing the field of social organizations as a space for discussion, reflection and understanding of these issues. The main objective of this study was to characterize the dimensions of context and operational skills of the group studied, relating them to work performance through a field research of descriptive character in their goals and quantitative-qualitative approach to collection and processing of data. The sample of respondents was composed by agents of recruitment and selection of the service unit Center of the Institute of Labour Development. A scale evaluation of the work context, and a questionnaire to identify skills were used as instrumental quantitative, grounded in IMBA model. This information was treated by simple described statistics. Afterwards this was followed by a press conference (focus group) that allowed to explore aspects related to skills and context, noting their relationships and impacts on individual performance, using content analysis for its interpretation. The systematic direct observation was also used to assist in understanding the dynamics cited and data analyzed. Based on the quantitative findings 11 functional competencies and dimensions of the context presented critical result (work organization) and satisfying (working conditions and socio-professional relationships). Qualitative information indicated aspects that impact on the expression and skills development, its relevance to execution of daily tasks, the social impact of the results of the work and the lack of recognition of performance as well as the support of the institution to overcome the difficulties presented in the context experienced. We conclude that the work context inquired has characteristics that negatively impact in the mobilization and skills expression identified as relevant to the group and, consequently, on its performance. The central objective of the research was thus achieved. Moreover, the findings contribute to increase the conceptual level of the field inquired, which can support new studies in the area.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Patrícia Batista Silva - 2018.pdf: 2014058 bytes, checksum: 3a654c39b228b74ae8ddbceb707e659e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / To analyze the work context and occupational damage, from the perspective of nursing staff professionals, in an Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intermediate Unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study with quantitative-qualitative approach performed at a large public health institution in the state of Goiás. The sample consisted of 44 workers from the neonatal units nursing team. Data collection was performed in the months of July and September of 2017 through observation and interview. For the data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistics were used using Student's t test and ANOVA for associations and Pearson's test for correlations, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTS: As for the professional profile, eight (18,2%) were nurses, 27 (61,4%) technicians and nine (20,4%) nursing assistants, female (100%), and mean age of 41,7 (± 9,7) years. The work context, from the perspective of the workers, was considered critical. For the organization of work, the items "excessive work rate" and "strong collection by results" presented higher averages (4,2±1,0), classified as severe. Concerning the working conditions, the highest averages corresponded to the "uncomfortable physical environment" (4,0±1,3), "a lot of noise in the environment" (4,1±1,1) and "inadequate physical space" (3,4±1,4). In the socio-professional relations, the highest averages involved "non-existent autonomy" (3,5±1,3) and "disputes among professionals" (3,5±1,1). A significant statistical difference was found between the two units for work organization factors (p=0,048), working conditions (p=0,046) and socio-professional relationships (p=0,0001). Regarding the occupational damage, the critical evaluation prevailed, with the psychological one having the highest mean (3,9±2,0) in the Intensive Care Unit. Already In the Neonatal Intermediate Unit, greater mean was identified for physical damage (2,6±1,4). There was a significant statistical difference between the Intensive and Intermediate Unit Care for the psychological (p=0,0002) and social (p=0,0009) damages. There was an association between the "work organization" domain and wage income variables (p=0,044) and hourly unit load (p=0,009); for "working conditions", the variables employment bond (p=0,016) and wage income (p=0,0001) were statistically significant. As well as for "physical damages" and the variables performed domestic activity (p=0,009), time acting on the unit (p=0,04) and wage income (p=0,02); for "psychological damages" and "social damages", there was an association with the variables working hours (p=0,02) and work shift (p=0,04/0,005). It was found a moderate and significant correlation between: physical damage and work organization (r=0,5721, p=0,0001), psychological damage and working conditions (r=0,5614, p=0,0001), psychological damage and socio-professional relations (r=0,6687, p=0,0001) and high and significant correlation between social and psychological damage (r=0,9072, p=0,0001). CONCLUSION: The work context of the neonatal units presents unfavorable elements and in inadequacy with the health and safety regulations of the worker, predisposing them to physical, psychic and social damage. / OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto de trabalho e os danos ocupacionais, na perspectiva dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Intermediaria Neonatal. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, realizado em uma instituição pública de saúde de grande porte do estado de Goiás. A amostra foi constituída por 44 trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem de unidades neonatais. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de julho e setembro de 2017 por meio de observação e entrevista. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica por meio dos testes t “student” e ANOVA para associações e o teste de Pearson para as correlações, com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Quanto ao perfil profissional, oito (18,2%) eram enfermeiros, 27 (61,4%) técnicos e nove (20,4%) auxiliares de enfermagem, do sexo feminino (100%), e com média de idade de 41,7 (±9,7) anos. O contexto de trabalho, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores, foi considerado crítico. Para o fator organização do trabalho, os itens “ritmo de trabalho excessivo” e “forte cobrança por resultados” apresentaram maiores médias (4,2±1,0), classificados como grave. Referente às condições de trabalho, as maiores médias corresponderam aos itens “ambiente físico desconfortável” (4,0±1,3), “muito barulho no ambiente” (4,1±1,1) e “espaço físico inadequado” (3,4±1,4). Nas relações sócio profissionais, as maiores médias envolveram “autonomia inexistente” (3,5±1,3) e as “disputas entre os profissionais” (3,5±1,1). Identificou-se diferença estatística significante entre as duas unidades para os fatores organização do trabalho (p=0,048), condições de trabalho (p=0,046) e relações sócio profissionais (p=0,0001). Em relação ao dano ocupacional prevaleceu a avaliação crítica, sendo o psicológico o com maior média (3,9±2,0) na UTIN. Já na UCIN, identificou-se maior média para o dano físico (2,6±1,4). Verificou-se diferença estatística significativa entre a UTIN e UCIN para os danos psicológico (p=0,0002) e social (p=0,0009). Houve associação entre o domínio “organização do trabalho” e as variáveis renda salarial (p=0,044) e carga horaria na unidade (p=0,009); para “condições de trabalho”, as variáveis vínculo empregatício (p=0,016) e renda salarial (p=0,0001) foram estatisticamente significativas. Como também para “danos físicos” e as variáveis realiza atividade doméstica (p=0,009), tempo que atua na unidade (p=0,04) e renda salarial (p=0,02); para os “danos psicológicos” e “danos sociais” houve associação com as variáveis carga horaria de trabalho (p=0,02) e turno de trabalho (p=0,04/0,005). Constatou-se correlação moderada e significativa entre: dano físico e organização de trabalho (r=0,5721; p=0,0001), dano psicológico e condições de trabalho (r=0,5614; p=0,0001), dano psicológico e relações sócio profissionais (r=0,6687; p=0,0001) e correlação alta e significativa entre dano social e psicológico (r=0,9072; p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O contexto laboral das unidades neonatais apresenta elementos desfavoráveis e em inadequabilidade com as normativas da saúde e segurança do trabalhador, predispondo-os ao dano físico, psíquico e social.

Les sciences relevant des sciences du vivant et de l'environnement (biologie, risques naturels, télédétection, etc.) ont depuis de nombreuses années accumulé les données d'observation et développé de grandes variétés de traitements.Les scientifiques de ces domaines doivent asseoir leur réflexion par des validations expérimentales. Celles-ci nécessitent la mise en œuvre de chaînes de traitements (ou protocoles expérimentaux) plus ou moins complexes.Le concept de "workflow" a été introduit de manière globale et raffiné en "workflow scientifique".Les systèmes actuels restent cependant difficiles à appréhender par des scientifiques dont les préoccupations ne relèvent pas directement de l'ingénierie informatique.L'approche suivie, en terme de méthodologie et de composants, propose une solution à ce problème.L'hypothèse initiale repose sur la vision utilisateur qui conçoit son travail en trois étapes :- La phase de planification, qui consiste à définir un modèle métier abstrait d'un workflow ;- La phase intermédiaire, qui consiste à concrétiser le modèle abstrait précédemment défini, en localisant les diverses ressources existantes au sein de ce que nous désignons comme contexte de travail. La définition, la vérification et la validation des modèles concrets reposent sur la connaissance des experts et sur la compatibilité des éléments du modèles ;- La phase dynamique, qui consiste à exécuter le modèle concret validé avec un moteur d'exécution.La thèse se focalise principalement sur les divers problèmes soulevés dans les deux premières phases (planification et intermédiaire).A partir d'une analyse des travaux existants, nous déclinons les divers maillons :méta modèle et langage de workflow, contexte de travail, graphe de ressources, traitement de cas d'incompatibilité de la proposition.La validation des travaux s'est effectuée dans plusieurs domaines cibles: biologie, risques naturels et télédétection.Un prototype a été développé, il propose les fonctionnalités suivantes :conception et sauvegarde de chaines de traitements abstraites,description et localisation de ressources, vérification de la validité des chaînes concrètes. / For many years in life and the environmental science domains (such asbiology, risk, remote sensing, etc.), observational data haveaccumulated and a great number of related applications have beenimplemented. Scientists working in these domains have to establish theirreflections and evaluations based on experimental validations, whichrequire a more or less complex workflow. The "workflow" has beenintroduced as a global and general concept, and defined as "scientificworkflow". However, the current complex systems remain difficult toaccess by scientist, whose expertise is not directly related to thedomain of computer science engineering.Within the following approach we propose a methodical solution for thisproblem.The initial hypothesis is based on the vision of an user, who conceiveshis work in three stages:1) The conception stage, which consists of constructing an abstractworkflow model;2) The intermediate stage, which represents an instantiation step of thepre-defined abstract model, by locating different existing resources inan environment, named "work context" in our approach. The definition,verification and validation of a concrete model depend on the experts'knowledge of his specialized domain and the compatibility of elements inthe model.3) The dynamic stage, which consists of establishing and executing thevalid concrete model by using a workflow execution engine.In this thesis we mainly concentrate on the different problems raised bythe first two stages (conception and intermediate). Based on an analysisof existing efforts we decline some elements such as meta model and theassociated workflow language, work context, resource graph, solution propositions for incompatible compositions.The validation for our approach has been carried out in various target domains such as biology, natural risk and remote sensing. A prototype has been developed, which provides the following functionalities:construction and saving the abstract workflow models, description and location of (data / application) resource, verification and validation of concrete workflow models.

La diversité dans les équipes pose plusieurs enjeux, notamment en ce qui concerne la performance d’équipe. Les études jusqu’à présent ont rapporté un lien parfois positif, parfois négatif ou inexistant entre la présence de diversité et la performance de l’équipe. Puisque les équipes interdisciplinaires sont de plus en plus sollicitées par les organisations pour faciliter la résolution de problèmes de plus en plus complexes, il semble important de bien comprendre comment la diversité affecte la performance d’équipe. L’une des avenues encore peu explorée s’attarde à la perception de la diversité plutôt qu’à la diversité objective, par l’entremise de l’étude de l’identification à l’équipe. En effet, une identification à l’équipe forte permettrait d’atténuer la perception de diversité et aurait un impact positif sur la performance. Cependant, très peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce phénomène et aucune, à notre connaissance, n’a évalué l’impact de l’identification à l’équipe sur les processus d’équipe ou n’a évalué l’impact de différents types d’identification simultanément sur la performance d’équipe. Faute d’écrits sur la question, la compréhension du phénomène d’identification dans les équipes s’avère partielle. Par ailleurs, la définition et la mesure de l’identification à l’équipe sont affligées de plusieurs problèmes psychométriques, ce qui engendre beaucoup de confusion dans les écrits scientifiques portant sur l’identification à l’équipe. Devant ce constat, la présente thèse vise à approfondir la compréhension du phénomène d’identification à l’équipe sur la performance d’équipes interdisciplinaires et d’en clarifier la conceptualisation et la mesure. Dans cette optique, trois études, regroupées en deux articles, ont été menées auprès de deux échantillons indépendants. Ancré dans les écrits scientifiques portant sur l’identification à l’organisation (p.ex. Ashforth, & Mael, 1989; Christ, van Dick, Wagner & Stellmatcher, 2003; Edward, 2005; Tajfel, 1978), le premier article a pour visées de proposer une conceptualisation claire et intégrée de l’identification dans un contexte organisationnel, puis de développer et valider une mesure de l’identification à l’équipe. Deux études ont été réalisées pour évaluer les propriétés psychométriques de cette mesure. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires, de même que des analyses de fidélité et de validité confirment les propriétés psychométriques préliminaires de l’échelle. Les implications pour la pratique et la recherche sont abordées en détail. La diversité est considérée comme l’un des obstacles à la performance d’équipe au sein d’équipes interdisciplinaires. C’est pourquoi le second article évalue ce phénomène en considérant l’impact de différents types d’identification (c.-à-d. l’identification à l’équipe et l’identification à la profession) sur la performance d’équipe. À la lumière du modèle d’Ilgen et collaborateurs (2005), les types d’identification et leur influence respective sur la performance d’équipe par l’entremise de processus d’équipe (c.-à-d. les conflits et la collaboration) ont été évalués. Cette étude est la première à considérer les interactions entre les types d’identification sur la performance d’équipe au sein d’équipes interdisciplinaires. Deux cent soixante-huit employés canadiens du système de la santé ont répondu à différents questionnaires autorapportés. Des analyses de processus conditionnels de médiations modérées (Hayes, 2013) démontrent que l’identification à l’équipe influence la performance d’équipe par l’entremise du processus de collaboration, alors que l’identification à la profession et les conflits n’auraient pas d’impact. Cette étude met en lumière l’impact de deux types d’identification en évaluant leurs impacts simultanément, en plus de suivre les recommandations de Mathieu et collaborateurs (2008) et d’évaluer simultanément l’impact de plus d’un type de processus d’équipe (c.-à-d. processus de transition, d’action et interpersonnel). Les implications pratiques qui découlent de cette étude incluent la formation d’équipe, (Salas et al., 2008), les activités de consolidation d’équipe (Klein et al. 2009) pour améliorer la collaboration, en plus de la rehausser l’attractivité de l’appartenance à l’équipe (Dutton et al., 1994) et de favoriser un style de leadership transformationnel (Hirst, et al., 2009) pour engendrer une plus grande identification à l’équipe. Une discussion générale précise la portée des résultats présentés dans le cadre des deux articles. / Diversity poses many challenges within teams, especially in regard to team performance. So far, some studies have shown a positive, negative and ever non-significant link between diversity and team performance. Since organizations are relying more often on interdisciplinary teams to help them solve the increasingly complex problems they face, it appears important to understand how diversity affects team performance. One fresh way to look at the problem is by looking at perceived diversity instead of objective diversity through the lenses of team identification. Indeed, strong team identification would attenuate perceived of diversity and would positively impact team performance. However, very few studies have investigated this phenomenon and, to our knowledge, none have looked at the impact of team identification influence on team processes nor looked at the impact of different types of identification on team performance. Due to a gap in the literature, the influence of identification within teams is not well understood. Moreover, the definition and measure of team identification has, so far, been plagued with numerous psychometric problems. This generates even more confusion surrounding the literature on team identification. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the impact of team identification on team performance within interdisciplinary teams and to clarify its definition and measurement. In order to do so, three studies were conducted using two independent samples and are presented in two articles. Taking root in organizational identification literature (e.g. Ashforth, & Mael, 1989; Christ, van Dick, Wagner & Stellmatcher, 2003; Edward, 2005; Tajfel, 1978), the first article proposes a clearer and integrated definition of identification in an organisational context. Following the clear conceptualization of team identification, a new scale was developed and validated. Two studies were conducted to assess its psychometric proprieties. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, plus reliability and validity analysis provide support for the scale’s reliability and validity. Practice and research implication are discussed in greater depth. Diversity is often considered an obstacle to team performance in interdisciplinary teams. Therefore, the second article addresses this issue by looking at the impact of types of identification (e.g. team and profession identification) on team performance. Drawing on Ilgen and collaborators’ (2005) model, the influence of these types of identification on team performance through their influence on team processes (e.g. conflict and collaboration) was evaluated. This study is the first to consider the interaction of different types of identification on team performance within interdisciplinary teams. Two hundred and sixty-eight Canadian healthcare employees answered five self-assessed questionnaires. Conditional process analyses (Hayes, 2013) show that team identification impacts team performance through its influence on collaboration, while neither identification to one’s profession nor conflicts impacts this relation. This study highlights the impact of different types of identification by considering their simultaneous effect. Moreover, in line with Mathieu et al.’s (2008) suggestion, different types of team processes were simultaneously evaluated (e.g. transition, action and interpersonal process). Practical implications that arise from this research includes team training (Salas et al., 2008), or team building activities (Klein et al. 2009) to improve collaboration, and heightened attractiveness of team membership (Dutton et al., 1994) or favoring transformational leadership (Hirst, et al., 2009) to foster greater team identification. A general discussion addresses the implications of the results presented in these two articles.