Cette thèse est consacrée à la discrimination ethnico-raciale dans les stages organisés sous statut scolaire. Elle aborde ces questions du point de vue de l’école, institution disciplinaire confrontée à des transformations de ses frontières - tant au niveau de la gestion des publics que de la réorganisation de ses rapports avec l’entreprise. Elle traite d’abord du contexte politique et institutionnel de ces questions en France, qui se caractérise simultanément par une banalité des processus d’ethnicisation dans l’école et par la dénégation de l’existence de discriminations ethnico-raciales. Traitant ensuite du cadre particulier des stages, elle analyse la façon dont la discrimination prend forme, avec d’autres illégalités, dans les tensions concrètes entre une pluralité de normes co-présentes, entre l’école et l’entreprise. Elle met en évidence les mécanismes institutionnels et professionnels ainsi que les raisons d’une coproduction et d’une banalisation des discriminations par les agents de l’école. Elle analyse enfin ce que disent et ce que font les élèves des expériences discriminatoires vécues, ainsi que les tactiques à travers lesquelles ils donnent ou non sens et place à la discrimination dans leur trajectoire et dans leur rapport à l’école. Dans une approche de sociologie publique, construite dans un travail avec les acteurs publics au sein de l’institution scolaire, l’analyse s’appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes réalisées de 2004 à 2010 dans différents terrains en France. / This thesis is dedicated to the ethnico-racial discrimination in the work experience placements organized under school status. It lands these issues from the school point of view, disciplinary institution confronted with the transformations of its boundaries - as much on the level of the management of the public as on the reorganization of its connections with the company. It is first about the institutional and political environment of these issues in France, wich is simoultaneously characterized by a banality of processes of ethnicisation in the school and by the denial of the reality of ethnico-racial discrimination. Dealing then within the particular framework of professional training, this thesis analyses the way discrimination takes shape, among other illegalities, in the concrete strain between a plurality of standards co-existing in the school and the company. It brings to light the institutional and professional mechanisms as well as the reasons of a coproduction and a banalization of discriminations by school agents. At last, it analyses what the pupils make of these discriminatory experiments they live, as the strategies they will use to make sense or not of these issues, to give them room in their path and in their relationship with school. By a public sociology approach, built through a work with the public actors in the scholar institution, the analysis stands on several investigations led from 2004 to 2010 in different grounds in France.

My thesis deals with evaluation of the influence of practice acquired during university studies on future employment of university graduates on the labor market in the Czech Republic. I assume that with increasing volume of degree holders in combination with the current global economic crisis, university graduates entering the labor market need to offer some working experience apart from their degree to be offered a good job. This paper summarizes employers' expectations about graduates in comparison with graduates' opinions on their readiness to enter the labor market. The practical part of the diploma thesis analyzes opinions of university students and graduates on the importance of practice acquired during their studies for future employment. The conclusion reached explains that work experience acquired already during graduate studies improves the position on the labor market after graduation. Practice in or out of the field of studies helps graduates develop not only professional qualifications but also core competencies. Namely poorly developed core competencies are together with lack of work experience cited as the main cause of not accepting fresh graduates to employment.

Con el presente trabajo de investigación se tiene como objetivo principal mostrar un modelo de negocio enfocado en conectar a las Repymes con los jóvenes estudiantes, que se encuentren en la búsqueda de experiencia laboral bajo el concepto de una app llamada MR. JOBS, que a su vez agilizará el contacto entre las partes interesadas, ya que debido a la pandemia esto no ha sido posible por a las medidas sanitarias que se tuvieron que implementar, unos de los motivos principales por los que se tomó la decisión de desarrollar este modelo de negocio. En ese sentido, se busca que los jóvenes estudiantes como repymes se encuentren mediante los canales propuestos con beneficios en el reclutamiento y postulación, ayudándoles a ahorrar tiempo a los jóvenes y dándoles un alcance eficiente a las ofertas laborales de las repymes. / The main objective of this research work is to show a business model focused on connecting SMEs with young students, who are in search of work experience under the concept of an app called MR. JOBS, which in turn will streamline contact between interested parties, since due to the pandemic this has not been possible due to the sanitary measures that had to be implemented, one of the main reasons why the decision to develop this business model. In this sense, it is intended that young students as SMEs find themselves through the proposed channels with benefits in recruitment and application, helping them to save time for young people and giving them an efficient scope to the job offers of SMEs. / Trabajo de investigación

This study examined the relationship the television news sequence at four-year colleges and universities has with the employment marketability of those students who major in television news. Both vocational and academic approaches were examined. Three factors were taken into consideration: if the completion of any television news curriculum aids in the television news graduate's employment marketability, if the television news curriculum has merit when weighed against work experience without completion of such a discipline, and if another academic sequence might better prepare the aspiring television journalist. The study is significant in that the field of television news has been glutted in recent years by an influx of graduates who believe that the work is glamorous and exciting. Many graduates lack the basic verbal and mechanical skills to compete in the job marketplace. The first two chapters discuss the research problem and the factors comprising it. Details of the research design follow, dividing the study into an assessment of the problem and the analysis of the results of a questionnaire that was mailed to 213 television news anchors selected through a stratified random process. A background chapter on various television news curricula is included, with numerous books and periodicals cited. Educational profiles of selected network news anchors are also featured. Almost 60 percent of the local news anchors contacted completed and returned the questionnaires. The nominal data is discussed and presented in tabular form; the data is also analyzed through a series of cross-tabulations using specific demographical information and responses. Findings of the survey indicate that the television news sequence does not appreciably aid the graduate in securing employment, that practical experience outweighs the merits of completing such a sequence, and that the aspiring television journalist might benefit more from a concentration in the liberal arts.

No description available.

The main purpose of recruiting is to find a job candidate who meets the demands of formal and informal competence at the same time as the candidate should be seen as the right person to the right place. Several job advertisements in the areas of finance and administration has at least two years of work experience as a demand before individuals can be seen as an appropriate job-candidate, hence it becomes a sort of “catch-22” for graduates with no prior work experience. The purpose of this study is to create a better understanding for recruiters’ approach and attitude to hiring individuals who only have a university degree. Our aim is to get an insight into what recruiters’ believe newly examines contributions are to organizations’, how these candidates can increase their chances of reaching an employment and further obtain a deeper understanding of the recruitment process in its various stages. In order to answer our research questions, we used an inductive approach with a qualitative methodology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with recruiters on six different companies to obtain as much depth in our understanding as possible. During our study we have found that recruiter has a positive approach towards hiring graduates without professional experience, however, it differs on the services level. We have created an awareness of that new graduates will contribute with current knowledge and a lot of energy to support business development and modernization. Graduates with no experience can increase their chances in the recruitment process, for example by lowering the threshold for employers in different ways. They should spend time on their applications and sharpen the arguments why he or she is right for the position. We do further refer to our sixth chapel to take note of all conclusions, this because we find difficulties in presenting them briefly.

Numerous factors are likely to influence response patterns to situational judgment tests, including agreeableness, leadership style, impression management, and job and organizational experience. This research presents background information and research on situational judgment tests and several constructs hypothesized to influence situational judgment test responses. A situational judgment test and manipulations to influence response patterns were developed and piloted with a small sample of management professionals and undergraduate students. Larger samples of management professionals and undergraduate students participated in the experimental research. Participants were asked to imagine that they are applying for a job. Each participant was presented with background information about a fictitious company, describing a company as either highly Participative/Supportive or highly Directive/Achieving in its leadership culture. A third description provided no information about leadership culture to serve as a control. Participants responded to a situational judgment test consisting of some commercially developed items and some new items. Then participants responded to an inventory comprised of items that measure the factors hypothesized to influence response patterns, specifically Agreeableness and Experience. Significant differences in response patterns were determined to be attributable to the Agreeableness and Experience variables, and the Leadership Culture manipulations, as well as the interaction between Experience and the Leadership Culture manipulations. No significant differences were clearly attributable to the Agreeableness by Leadership Culture interaction. The ramifications of these findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.

Die Prüfungsjahrgänge 2015 und 2016 der Universitäten (Chemnitz, Dresden, Freiberg und Leipzig) und Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (Dresden, Leipzig, Mittweida, Zittau-Görlitz und Zwickau) im Geschäftsbereich des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Wissenschaft, Kultur und Tourismus (SMWK) sind Gegenstand der 3. Sächsischen Absolventenstudie. Die Prüfungsjahrgänge oder Prüfungskohorte 2015/16 umfassen alle Absolventinnen und Absolventen, die von dem Beginn des Wintersemesters 2014/15 bis zum Ende des Sommersemesters 2016 ihr Studium erfolgreich abgeschlossen haben. Nach den Prüfungsjahrgängen 2006/07 und 2010/11 liegen damit zu einer dritten Prüfungskohorte ausführliche Daten zum Berufseinstieg der Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen aus dem Freistaat Sachsen vor.:Zusammenfassung III 1 Einleitung 1 2 Profil der befragten Absolventinnen und Absolventen 5 2.1 Fächergruppen und Studienbereiche, Hochschultypen und Abschlüsse 5 2.2 Soziodemografische Angaben 12 2.2.1 Geschlecht der Befragten 12 2.2.2 Alter beim Studienabschluss 15 2.2.3 Staatsangehörigkeit und Migrationshintergrund 16 2.2.4 Bildungsherkunft der Befragten 18 2.2.5 Betreuungsverantwortung der Absolventinnen und Absolventen 21 2.3 Wege zur Hochschule 23 2.3.1 Erworbene Hochschulzugangsberechtigungen 23 2.3.2 Noten der Hochschulzugangsberechtigungen 26 3 Studienverlauf und Rückblick auf das Studium 29 3.1 Studienerfolg 30 3.1.1 Abschlussnoten 30 3.1.2 Einhaltung der Regelstudienzeit 32 3.2 Rückblickende Bewertung des Studiums 35 3.2.1 Studienbedingungen 35 3.2.2 Anforderungen 39 3.2.3 Kompetenzerwerb 42 3.3 Studienaufenthalte im Ausland 49 3.4 Rückblickende Bewertung der Studienentscheidung 54 3.4.1 Studienentscheidung aus heutiger Sicht 54 3.4.2 Relevanz der Arbeitsmarktchancen bei der Studienentscheidung 57 4 Übergang vom Studium in den Beruf 61 4.1 Berufseinstieg und früher Berufsverlauf 61 4.1.1 Tätigkeitsverlauf im Überblick 62 4.1.2 Erwerbstätigkeit und Erwerbslosigkeit im Zeitverlauf 68 4.1.3 Elternzeit im Zeitverlauf 82 4.2 Weiterqualifikation 85 4.2.1 Promotion (MDS-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen) 86 4.2.2 Weiteres Studium (Bachelor) 98 4.2.3 Facharztweiterbildung 109 4.3 Praktika nach dem Studium 111 4.4 Stellensuche 121 4.4.1 Beginn der Stellensuche 121 4.4.2 Aufwand und Erfolg der Stellensuche 123 4.4.3 Probleme bei der Stellensuche 124 4.4.4 Strategien der Stellenfindung 128 4.5 Erste Erwerbstätigkeit 131 4.5.1 Berufsstart 131 4.5.2 Berufliche Stellung und Einkommen 134 4.5.3 Adäquanz der Erwerbstätigkeit 139 4.5.4 Wirtschaftsbereich und Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Dienst 145 4.5.5 Rahmenbedingungen der Erwerbstätigkeit 149 5 Regionale Mobilität 153 5.1 Region des Erwerbs der Hochschulzugangsberechtigung 154 5.2 Regionale Ausrichtung der Stellensuche 161 5.3 Region der ersten Erwerbstätigkeit 166 5.4 Region der Hochschulzulassungsberechtigung und der ersten Erwerbstätigkeit – Mobilitätstypen 173 6 Berufliche Zufriedenheit, Veränderungen und Zukunftspläne 181 6.1 Berufliche Zufriedenheit 181 6.2 Berufliche Veränderungen 187 6.3 Zukunftsperspektiven 193 A Methodische Anmerkungen und Datengrundlage 199 A.1 Grundgesamtheit und Stichprobe 199 A.2 Erstellung des Fragebogens und Durchführung der Befragung 201 A.3 Rücklauf und Datenqualität 204 B Abbildungen und Tabellen 209 C Literaturverzeichnis 331 D Fragebögen 335

La formación profesional del estudiante es importante para poder insertarse en el mercado laboral. Según Pedro (2020), la situación se ha agravado con la llegada de la covid-19 ya que desde inicios del 2020 los estudiantes han tenido que llevar sus cursos teóricos y prácticos de manera virtual. Esto ha ocasionado muchas dificultades como la eficiencia en el aprendizaje del estudiante, problemas de conectividad y problemas económicos. Esta situación ha afectado a los egresados ya que al momento de enfrentarse a la inserción laboral tendrá que afrontar múltiples desventajas como la dificultad de encontrar trabajo o en caso encuentre no se verá preparado para asumir el cargo. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo indagar en las experiencias de los egresados de la carrera de Comunicación Audiovisual de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas al insertarse al mercado laboral. Para ello, se conoce el diseño curricular de la carrera y la relación de los estudiantes con el mercado laboral. Asimismo, se identifica las vivencias de los recién egresados al enfrentar la pandemia y se indaga en las decisiones que buscan para insertarse en el mercado laboral. / The vocational training of the student is important in order to be able to enter the labour market. According to Pedro (2020), the situation has worsened with the arrival of covid-19 since the beginning of 2020 students have had to take their theoretical and practical courses virtually. This has caused many difficulties such as efficiency in student learning, connectivity issues and economic problems. This situation has affected graduates since at the time of facing the labor insertion will have to face multiple disadvantages such as the difficulty of finding work or if found he will not be ready to take office. This research aims to investigate the experiences of graduates of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas when inserting themselves into the labor market. To do this, the curricular design of the career and the relationship of the students with the labor market are known. To do this, the curricular design of the career and the relationship of the students with the labor market are known. Likewise, it identifies the experiences of recent graduates when facing the pandemic and investigates the decisions they seek to insert themselves into the labor market. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto se genera a partir de la preocupación que afecta a muchos estudiantes universitarios de los últimos ciclos que no cuentan con experiencia laboral, debido a los amplios requisitos que solicitan las empresas; la falta de capacitación previa en los procesos de reclutamiento y selección para obtener el puesto de practicante, así como la dificultad de conseguir cursos que se relacionen con su profesión y que sean económicamente accesibles. Es por eso que nuestro proyecto apuesta por la creación de una aplicación llamada My First Practice, en donde estudiantes de últimos ciclos podrán potenciar sus habilidades y especializarse más en el sector de su interés laboral, a través de la experiencia de estudiantes que ya se encuentran trabajando y, junto a la colaboración de pymes, puedan cumplir con el perfil que las empresas desean. Este proyecto consta de dos etapas; en la primera etapa se validó el problema mediante entrevistas a nuestro público objetivo y especialistas; la segunda etapa se realizó se validó la solución con la finalidad de conocer si nuestro proyecto resulta ser viable y escalable en su ejecución. El diferencial de la aplicación My First Practice está basada en su tecnología, una bolsa de trabajo solo con ofertas de pymes, cursos de especialización y el aprendizaje de la mano con estudiantes con experiencia laboral; el conjunto de todas estas características brinda un modelo de negocio que busca facilitar la obtención de las primeras prácticas preprofesionales. / This project is generated by the concern that affects many university students of the last cycles who do not have work experience, due to the extensive requirements requested by companies; the lack of prior training in the recruitment and selection processes to obtain the position of practitioner, as well as the difficulty of obtaining courses that are related to their profession and that are economically accessible. That is why our project supports the creation of an application called My First Practice, where final cycle students can enhance their skills and specialize more in the sector of their work interest, through the experience of students who are already working and, together with the collaboration of SMEs, can meet the profile that companies want. This project consists of two stages; in the first stage the problem was validated through interviews with our target audience and specialists; the second stage the solution was validated in order to know if our project turns out to be viable and scalable in its execution. The differential of the My First Practice application is based on its technology, a job board only with offers from SMEs, specialization courses and hand-in-hand learning with students with work experience; the set of all these characteristics provides a business model that seeks to facilitate the obtaining of the first pre-professional practices. / Trabajo de investigación