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This dissertation examines the formation of an agro-industrial working class within the citrus industry of Valencia, Spain. In a region that was historically defined by intensive agricultural production for market, the citrus industry in Valencia became the dominant economic sector in the decades prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Its workers, straddling the agricultural and the industrial, the rural and the urban, entered into a socio-economic relationship with the rural bourgeoisie in charge of the industry. This relationship was administered through the formation of jurados mixtos (mixed commissions), associations, and citrus cooperatives that directed the harvest, worked out export contracts, began irrigation projects, and organized labor. World War I produced a crisis within the industry due to the collapse of export markets and the lack of available shipping. Workers and small farmers suffered the brunt of the effects, and as a result, their relationships with the bourgeoisie began to break down. By the declaration of the Second Republic in 1931, workers and farmers had become far more politicized and dissatisfied. As landowners and commercial agents fled Valencia after the outbreak of war in 1936, workers and smallholders banded together in collectives, based on the established tradition of cooperation, to preserve the harvest and direct orange exports, the profits of which were increasingly important in the face of prolonged conflict.I rely heavily on documentary evidence from local journals and newspapers, political organizations, contemporary photographs, and local associations. Utilizing gender and labor theory and theories from cultural studies, I show the process of proletarianization through an examination of the labor culture within Valencia in order to complicate our categories of agricultural and industrial work and how the people of Valencia created a regional identity based on orange production.

Diverse managerial control and worker resistance constitute two faces of the power struggle between management and migrant workers in contemporary South China. Their power struggle will be demonstrated in four contested terrains: Exit (the labour market), the labour process, the communication domain, and the reproduction process of labour force. The race of labour demand and supply in the local labour market is the bedrock of the power struggle in the workplace. In the labour shortage period, the high turnover and the insufficient labour supply push management to incorporate the control on worker's exit as an important part into their work. In the labour process, it is hard for management to stick on the overt, punishment-oriented control. Two new control models are created: the laissez-faire control and the "human-based" control. In contrary to the weakening managerial control, worker resistance becomes overt, frequent, and diverse in this period. It includes strike, direct refusal, making troubles, various individual transgressions, and the construction of resistant discourse. Mobile communication creates a new battlefield in which management invents novel ways to enhance control while workers discover new methods of self-protection and resistance. Mobile phone becomes a micro, electronic Panopticon, used by management to locate, track, and control workers. In order to resist the ubiquitous control brought by mobile phone, migrant workers either directly refuse to purchase a mobile phone, or create various excuses to "lose" the connection with management. The factory dormitory is the site where managerial control over the reproduction of labour force can practice. In the labour shortage period, management strengthens their control on the factory dormitory and canteen, in order to stabilize the labour force and reduce the labour cost. Strike, threat, complaint, and looking for alternatives are workers' tactics to resist the dormitory regime. These four contested terrains constitute a new picture of labour politics in South China, which is full of conflicts, ambivalences, contradictions, and innovations. / Key Words: Control, Resistance, Migrant Worker, Labour Politics, Mobile Phone, South China / This research examines a new sophistication in the power struggle between the new generation of migrant workers and their management, in a time of rising labour shortage in South China. Different from previous studies, this research focuses on the dynamic interaction between capital and labour and pays more attention to the creative practices of migrant workers, especially in their readiness to leave unhappy working conditions to seek jobs elsewhere, their strategic utilization of the advantage position in the labour market to fight for their interests, and their use of personal communication technology to open up a space for reshaping work relationships and circumventing control by the management. / Peng, Yinni. / Adviser: Susanne Y. P. Choi. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-10, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-257). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

The routine consumption patterns of ordinary consumers in the first half of the nineteenth century, particularly those in the provinces, have been neglected. This thesis sheds light on this area by investigating one particular commodity, clothing. To undertake this, a range of archival sources, visual evidence and surviving dress relating to the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire have been examined. The data has enabled an analysis of the consumption of clothing in different locations within the two counties, including county towns, industrial regions and villages, to be carried out. The results have highlighted the many different methods of clothing supply available to the non-elite consumer, which included shop retailing, itinerant selling, illicit networks and clothing distributed via the Poor Law and charity. The thesis demonstrates firstly that the non-elite consumer could obtain clothing from a variety of outlets, using different acquisition methods. Secondly, it shows that this clothing varied in both style and the way it was manufactured, often depending on the supply network utilised. The thesis questions assumptions about the availability of ready-made clothing, the nature of retailing clothing in rural areas, the decline of hawking and peddling, the non-elite use of clothing shops and non-elite consumers’ relationship with fashion. It emphasizes that non-elite consumers had a complex relationship with their clothing, influenced in part by personal preference, gender, economic circumstances and stage in the life-cycle. This thesis shows the multifarious ways non-elite, provincial consumers acquired and wore their clothing.

Na busca por compreender as razões do sucesso e do fracasso escolares em meios populares, Bernard Charlot e sua equipe iniciaram suas pesquisas dedicando-se a analisar as relações e os sentidos que os estudantes estabelecem com a escola e com o saber. Essas pesquisas resultaram na noção de relação com o saber, segundo a qual as experiências individuais e o sentido que o aluno atribui aos seus estudos teriam maior influência no seu desempenho escolar do que sua origem social. Em nosso país, estudantes das camadas populares, estatisticamente, têm poucas chances de acesso ao ensino superior, sobretudo em universidades públicas, e dar continuidade a esses estudos cursando pós-graduação, pode ser um desafio ainda maior. Sendo assim, a pesquisa teve o objetivo de conhecer a relação com o saber desenvolvida por estudantes de pós-graduação oriundos das camadas populares e compreender de que forma ela foi desenvolvida ao longo de suas trajetórias escolares, incluindo a experiência na graduação e na pós-graduação. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com cinco estudantes de pós-graduação, de cada uma das cinco áreas de conhecimento, segundo a divisão utilizada pela CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), a saber: Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Ciências Biológicas. A dedicação e o empenho dos estudantes, o apreço pelo saber, a importância do hábito de leitura, a referência a professores marcantes e a grande satisfação que o acesso ao conhecimento lhes proporcionou foram aspectos que evidenciaram a existência de uma forte relação com o saber escolar. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o desenvolvimento e o fortalecimento dessa relação com o saber foram possibilitados pelo acesso a uma educação de qualidade e à presença de condições objetivas favoráveis ao estudo em algum momento de suas trajetórias escolares. Dependendo dessas condições objetivas, a relação com o saber escolar pôde ser observada de forma mais ou menos nítida já durante a educação básica nas trajetórias de alguns estudantes. Em todos os casos, entretanto, essa relação tornou-se mais evidente após o ingresso na universidade, na qual todos apresentaram bons resultados, todos fizeram iniciação científica e todos continuaram demonstrando um desejo ainda maior de aprender, o que nos parece ter sido fruto da oportunidade que lhes foi dada dentro desta instituição de ter acesso a um ensino de qualidade e de poder dedicar-se integralmente aos estudos. / Intending to understand the reasons for school success and failure in working classes, Bernard Charlot and his team began their research by analyzing the relationships and senses that students establish with the school and with the knowledge. These researches have resulted in the notion of relation to knowledge, according to which the individual experiences and the sense that the students attribute to their studies would have a greater influence on their academic performances than their social origins. In Brazil, students from the workin classes, statistically, have little chance to access higher education, especially in public universities, and to continue these studies by post-graduation. Thus, the research had the objective of knowing the relationship with the knowledge developed by postgraduate students coming from the working classes and to understand how it was developed along its scholar trajectories, including the experience in undergraduate and post-university graduate. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with five postgraduate students from each of the five areas of knowledge, according to the division used by CAPES (Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), namely: Exact and Earth Sciences, Humanities, Health Sciences, Applied Social Sciences and Life Sciences. The dedication and commitment of the students, the appreciation for knowledge, the importance of the reading habit , the reference to outstanding teachers and the great satisfaction that the access to knowledge gave them were aspects that evidenced the existence of a strong relationship with school knowledge. The results of the research indicate that the development and strengthening of this relationship with knowledge were made possible by access to quality education and the presence of objective conditions favorable to the study at any moment in their school trajectories. Depending on these objective conditions, the relationship with school knowledge could already be observed in a more or less clear way already during the basic education in the trajectories of some students. In all cases, however, this relationship became more evident after entering the university, in which all the students showed good results, everyone did scientific initiation and all continued to demonstrate an even greater desire to learn, which seems to have been the result of opportunity given them within this institution to have access to quality education and to be able to devote themselves fully to the studies.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar o discurso político produzido pelo Estado Novo, sobretudo pelo seu órgão publicitário mais importante: o Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda DIP. Ligado a isso, realiza-se também uma discussão conceitual sobre o papel das classes trabalhadores neste momento e seu relacionamento com o Estado, mostrando como elas inicialmente apareceram na literatura como agentes passivos ou massa, passando posteriormente a serem vistas como atores conscientes de suas ações. O trabalho realiza igualmente uma análise do discurso estadonovista, no qual se percebe como as imagens correntes do regime e a relação do Estado com a sociedade, foram elaboradas e debatidas por intelectuais ligados diretamente ao governo, numa revista oficial, a Cultura Política. Por fim, examina-se como esse discurso se tornava mais palatável, quando o Estado se dirigia diretamente às classes trabalhadoras, como nas festas de Primeiro de Maio. / The aim of this work is to analyze the political discourse produced by the Brazilian Government during the period known as Estado Novo. In particular, the role of DIP (the Department of Press and Propaganda) is investigated in the formulation of this discourse. The dissertation also brings a conceptual discussion about the role of the working classes in this period and their relationship with the State. In sum, the working classes were initially presented in most works as passive agents or masses, but later passed to be considered as conscious actors. Moreover this work analyses the Estado Novo discourse, noting how the images of the regime at the period as well as the manner with which the State related to society were elaborated and debated by intellectuals directly connected to the Government in an official magazine, Cultura Política. Finally the dissertation points out that the political discourse became more appealing in moments such as the May First Celebrations when the State addressed directly to the working classes.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar concepções de sofrimento e terapêuticas dos usuários de um ambulatório de Saúde Mental de um posto de saúde localizado na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro. Estas concepções, calcadas num universo holista e hierárquico de valor, contrastam com as concepções de sofrimento, pessoa e terapêuticas próprias das práticas psi, indissociáveis da perspectiva individualista que lhe deu origem, cuja concepção de pessoa é calcada na experiência de uma interioridade psicológica, dotada de liberdade de escolha, autonomia, apontando, consequentemente, para concepções acerca do adoecimento e da terapêutica bastante diferentes daquelas próprias a uma configuração hierárquica de valores. Nesse sentido, discutem-se as repercussões que essas diferenças trazem para o estabelecimento de uma relação terapêutica. Observou-se que as concepções de sofrimento e a terapêutica dos entrevistados situam-se na configuração do nervoso, na qual aspectos físicos e morais da perturbação estão imbricados de forma indissociável. Na medida em que eles se auto-representam a partir de suas relações familiares e laborativas, a construção do que seja perturbação está referida a essa relacionalidade, que lhes confere uma identidade numa organização hierárquica. A psicoterapia é também englobada por essa mesma lógica, sendo deslocada do seu sentido individualista original, para ser ressignificada à luz do modelo físico-moral da perturbação e da relacionalidade própria à configuração do nervoso. Dessa forma, entende-se a psicoterapia como conversa que visa o desabafo, botar para fora os problemas, assim como forma de pensar em outras coisas que não o problema, duas estratégias consideradas terapêuticas na configuração do nervoso. / This work aims to introduce the conceptions of suffering and therapeutics in patients of a public Mental Health clinic. These, inserted in a holistic and hierarchic universe of value, contrast to the conceptions of suffering, person and therapeutics of psychological practices, which are based on individualistic values, on the experiences of a psychological inner self, freedom of choice and self-government. Thus, the consequences of this difference to the therapeutic relation are discussed. The study perceives that the interviewees` conceptions fits in the nervous configuration, in which physical and moral aspects of perturbation are imbricate. The sense of perturbation involves a process of self-representation emerged from interviewees familial and laborious relationships, that confer an identity in a hierarchical organization on them. The psychotherapy is also encompassed by the nervous configuration, differing from its original individualistic signification. In this sense, psychotherapy is treated as a conversation that has in view to spit it out as well as a way of thinking about other things two strategies considered therapeutical in the nervous configuration.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar o discurso político produzido pelo Estado Novo, sobretudo pelo seu órgão publicitário mais importante: o Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda DIP. Ligado a isso, realiza-se também uma discussão conceitual sobre o papel das classes trabalhadores neste momento e seu relacionamento com o Estado, mostrando como elas inicialmente apareceram na literatura como agentes passivos ou massa, passando posteriormente a serem vistas como atores conscientes de suas ações. O trabalho realiza igualmente uma análise do discurso estadonovista, no qual se percebe como as imagens correntes do regime e a relação do Estado com a sociedade, foram elaboradas e debatidas por intelectuais ligados diretamente ao governo, numa revista oficial, a Cultura Política. Por fim, examina-se como esse discurso se tornava mais palatável, quando o Estado se dirigia diretamente às classes trabalhadoras, como nas festas de Primeiro de Maio. / The aim of this work is to analyze the political discourse produced by the Brazilian Government during the period known as Estado Novo. In particular, the role of DIP (the Department of Press and Propaganda) is investigated in the formulation of this discourse. The dissertation also brings a conceptual discussion about the role of the working classes in this period and their relationship with the State. In sum, the working classes were initially presented in most works as passive agents or masses, but later passed to be considered as conscious actors. Moreover this work analyses the Estado Novo discourse, noting how the images of the regime at the period as well as the manner with which the State related to society were elaborated and debated by intellectuals directly connected to the Government in an official magazine, Cultura Política. Finally the dissertation points out that the political discourse became more appealing in moments such as the May First Celebrations when the State addressed directly to the working classes.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar concepções de sofrimento e terapêuticas dos usuários de um ambulatório de Saúde Mental de um posto de saúde localizado na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro. Estas concepções, calcadas num universo holista e hierárquico de valor, contrastam com as concepções de sofrimento, pessoa e terapêuticas próprias das práticas psi, indissociáveis da perspectiva individualista que lhe deu origem, cuja concepção de pessoa é calcada na experiência de uma interioridade psicológica, dotada de liberdade de escolha, autonomia, apontando, consequentemente, para concepções acerca do adoecimento e da terapêutica bastante diferentes daquelas próprias a uma configuração hierárquica de valores. Nesse sentido, discutem-se as repercussões que essas diferenças trazem para o estabelecimento de uma relação terapêutica. Observou-se que as concepções de sofrimento e a terapêutica dos entrevistados situam-se na configuração do nervoso, na qual aspectos físicos e morais da perturbação estão imbricados de forma indissociável. Na medida em que eles se auto-representam a partir de suas relações familiares e laborativas, a construção do que seja perturbação está referida a essa relacionalidade, que lhes confere uma identidade numa organização hierárquica. A psicoterapia é também englobada por essa mesma lógica, sendo deslocada do seu sentido individualista original, para ser ressignificada à luz do modelo físico-moral da perturbação e da relacionalidade própria à configuração do nervoso. Dessa forma, entende-se a psicoterapia como conversa que visa o desabafo, botar para fora os problemas, assim como forma de pensar em outras coisas que não o problema, duas estratégias consideradas terapêuticas na configuração do nervoso. / This work aims to introduce the conceptions of suffering and therapeutics in patients of a public Mental Health clinic. These, inserted in a holistic and hierarchic universe of value, contrast to the conceptions of suffering, person and therapeutics of psychological practices, which are based on individualistic values, on the experiences of a psychological inner self, freedom of choice and self-government. Thus, the consequences of this difference to the therapeutic relation are discussed. The study perceives that the interviewees` conceptions fits in the nervous configuration, in which physical and moral aspects of perturbation are imbricate. The sense of perturbation involves a process of self-representation emerged from interviewees familial and laborious relationships, that confer an identity in a hierarchical organization on them. The psychotherapy is also encompassed by the nervous configuration, differing from its original individualistic signification. In this sense, psychotherapy is treated as a conversation that has in view to spit it out as well as a way of thinking about other things two strategies considered therapeutical in the nervous configuration.

Chaque année, près de 165 000 ménages locataires sont assignés au tribunal par leurspropriétaires dans d'une procédure d'expulsion pour dette locative, soit plus de 1% des ménagesrésidant dans le parc locatif de France métropolitaine. Fondée sur une enquête statistique etethnographique menée dans un département populaire de région parisienne, cette thèse restitue lesinégalités de trajectoire procédurale d'un échantillon de locataires en procédure d'expulsion, en lienavec l'activité des institutions publiques chargées de recouvrir leurs créances et d'administrer cecontentieux : commissions de travail social liées au droit au logement, tribunaux d'instance, bureaudes expulsions de la préfecture et commissariats de police. Elle met tout d'abord en lumière lesconditions et la rationalité économiques spécifiques qui conduisent un nombre important deménages populaires à suspendre le paiement du loyer plutôt que de recourir à d'autres circuitsd'endettement. La thèse analyse ensuite les dispositifs de recouvrement et les usages du droit quemobilisent les propriétaires afin de recouvrir et de sanctionner les créances locatives, et letraitement que réserve l'institution judiciaire à leurs demandes et aux locataires indisciplinés. Elleétudie enfin les logiques régaliennes de l'autorisation administrative et de l'exécution, par lesservices de l’État et les acteurs publics locaux, du concours de la force publique à l'encontre desménages condamnés par le tribunal et se refusant à quitter leur logement. En définitive, la thèseanalyse l'endettement locatif comme une transaction à crédit particulière, dont les dispositifs derecouvrement et de sanction coercitive font apparaître la violence légitime de l’État comme uneinstance nécessaire à la reproduction du marché du logement, de ses normes économiques commedes inégalités de statuts résidentiels qui le structurent. / Every year, nearly 165,000 indebted tenants are summoned to French housing courtsbecause of rent arrears. This number represents more than 1% of the renter households in thecountry. Based on an inquiry, both statistical and ethnographic, which we conducted in a destituedistrict in the Parisian suburbs, this dissertation sheds light on the unequal judicial trajectories of asample of indebted tenants facing a court summons, and analyzes the activity of the publicinstitutions in charge of collecting rent debts and carrying out eviction proceedings. The study firsthighlights the specific economic rationality which leads impoverished households to suspend thepayment of their rent rather than sacrifyng other domestic expenditures or taking out other types ofcredit. The dissertation then focuses on how landlords bring the dispute to court, and identifies thefactors of the judge's ruling in evictions cases. Thirdly, the research deals with the work of the localstate “eviction bureau” employees, who deliver legal authorizations to police eviction squads toexecute the court-orderedj physical removal of the defaulting renters who refuse to vacate thepremisses. By studying rent debts collection practices and legal eviction proceedings, thisdissertation shows how the State's legitimate violence, both physical and symbolic, enables thereproduction of the rental housing market.