Introdução – A capacidade para o trabalho é influenciada por vários fatores, incluindo a condição de saúde, características sócio-demográficas, estilo de vida e fatores relacionados ao trabalho. Objetivo – Analisar os fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho em uma população de eletricitários. Métodos – Estudo transversal onde foram analisados 475 trabalhadores, voluntários, de uma empresa privada no setor eletricitário do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários auto-preenchidos (Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho - ICT, Escala Estresse no Trabalho - EET, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey – SF-36, Questionário de Baecke, Questionário de tolerância de Fagerström e Questionário AUDIT). A relação entre as variáveis foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, e para comparação das médias foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. A análise conjunta das variáveis foi feita por meio de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados – Foi identificada uma diminuição progressiva do valor do ICT significativamente associada aos aumentos da idade (r=-0,16, p<0,001), do índice de massa corporal (r=-0,17, p<0,001), do consumo de álcool (r=-0,11, p=0,019), do tempo na empresa (r=-0,17, p<0,001) e da intensidade do estresse no trabalho (r=-0,37, p<0,001). O valor do ICT apresentou elevação associada ao incremento da prática de atividade física (r=0,19, p<0,001). A média do valor do ICT esteve associada à unidade de trabalho (p=0,043). O ICT esteve associado significativamente com as diversas dimensões do estado de saúde físico e mental (p<0,001 em todas as dimensões). A análise múltipla, ajustada por sexo e tempo na empresa, evidenciou que os fatores que melhor explicaram a variação do ICT foram o estresse no trabalho e as dimensões da saúde física. Uma segunda análise, excluídas as dimensões da saúde, mostrou que o estresse no trabalho, a unidade de trabalho e características do estilo de vida foram os fatores que melhor explicaram a variação do ICT. Conclusões – A pesquisa evidenciou que o estresse decorrente de fatores psicossociais do trabalho, a elevação do índice de massa corporal, o consumo de bebida alcoólica e o local de trabalho podem contribuir para a diminuição da capacidade para o trabalho, e que uma boa qualidade do estado da saúde física e a prática de atividade física podem contribuir para a manutenção da capacidade para o trabalho dos eletricitários. / Introduction – The work ability receives influence of several factors, including the health state, social and demographic characteristics, the lifestyle, and factors related to work. Aim – To analyze the factors associated with work ability in a population of electric sector workers. Methods – This is a cross-sectional study. There have been analyzed 475 volunteers workers of a private company of the electric sector of São Paulo, Brazil. They answered the questionnaires: Work Ability Index - WAI, Work Stress Scale – WSS, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey – SF-36, Baecke Questionnaire, Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire and AUDIT test. These questionnaires got information regarding work ability, stress related to psychosocial factors at work, health state, smoking, alcohol intake and practice of physical activities. The statistical analyses were done using Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression models. Results – There was a significant progressive decrease of the WAI value associated to the increase of the age (r=-0,16, p<0,001), body mass index (r=-0,17, p<0,001), alcohol intake (r=-0,11, p=0,019), time at company (r=-0,17, p<0,001) and intensity of work stress (r=-0,37, p<0,001). The WAI value presented elevation associated to the increment of the practice of physical activities (r=0,19, p<0,001). The mean of WAI was associated to workplace (p=0,043). The WAI had significant association with the several dimensions of the physical and mental health state (p<0,001 in all dimensions). The multiple analyses, adjusted for sex and time at company, showed that the factors that better explained the variability of WAI were work stress and the physical health dimensions. Another analysis, excluded the health dimensions, showed that work stress, local of work and lifestyle characteristics were those that better explained the variability of WAI. Conclusions – The stress related to psychosocial factors of the work, the body mass increase, the alcohol intake and the workplace can contribute to the decrease of work ability, and a good physical health state and the practice of physical activity can contribute to the maintenance of the work ability of the electric sector workers.

Face à la complexité du monde de l’entreprise, le recours à l’expertise s’avère être indispensable afin de permettre au comité d’entreprise d’exercer pleinement ses attributions, et, in fine, de contribuer à l’application du principe de participation des travailleurs. Une approche plus réaliste de l’expertise permet d’établir que le comité d’entreprise a à sa disposition deux types d’experts : les experts institutionnels (l’expert-comptable, l’expert technique, l’expert libre et l’expert économique) et les experts non institutionnels (certaines commissions du comité d’entreprise et le comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail). Les liens que le comité d’entreprise et les experts entretiennent oscillent entre vision traditionnelle et vision renouvelée. De façon tout à fait traditionnelle, ces deux types d’experts accomplissent, de façon inégale, une mission d’éclaireur pour le comité d’entreprise en lui apportant de l’information mais également en la traitant lorsque cela est nécessaire. De façon plus singulière, il apparaît que les experts interviennent également dans le processus de décision, mais également dans le processus de concertation. Au-delà du rôle que les experts peuvent jouer auprès du comité d’entreprise, les liens qu’ils entretiennent avec le comité révèlent l’existence de deux sortes de dynamique sous-jacentes : une dynamique relationnelle entre les différentes parties prenantes à l’expertise, marquée par un subtil équilibre entre dépendance et indépendance des uns envers les autres, et une dynamique collective qui témoigne de l’existence d’une expertise collective constituant un système d’intelligence collective nécessaire à l’effectivité du principe de participation des travailleurs. / Given the complexity of the business environment, resorting to expertise proves to be essential for the works council to fully exercise its powers and ultimately for the council to contribute to the application of the employee involvement principle. A more realistic approach to expertise enables us to establish that the works council has two types of experts at its disposal: institutional experts (chartered accountants, technical experts, expert consultants and economic experts) and non-institutional experts (some of the works council commissions and the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (CHSCT)). The relations between the works council and experts oscillate between a traditional perspective and an updated perspective. In a very traditional fashion, these two types of experts unevenly act as pathfinders for the works council. They provide the council with information but also process this information when it is necessary. More strangely, however, experts also appear to be involved in the decision-making process as well as in the process of consultation. Beyond the tasks that experts can perform for the works council, two kinds of underlying dynamic can be evidenced by the relations between the experts and the council: a relational dynamic between the various players involved in the expertise that is characterised by a subtle balance between dependence on and independence from one other, and a collective dynamic that indicates the existence of a collective expertise. This collective expertise consists in a system of collective intelligence that is necessary to the effectiveness of the employee involvement principle.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-08-21T17:53:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo de Farias Julião.pdf: 2312669 bytes, checksum: cbb55dd1bc3b181dd07ac7d4d1da85ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo de Farias Julião.pdf: 2312669 bytes, checksum: cbb55dd1bc3b181dd07ac7d4d1da85ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-03 / A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo o amparo legal da saúde do trabalhador offshore, através da análise interdisciplinar do Anexo II da Norma Regulamentadora n°30; de Convenções Internacionais da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e do Sistema da Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001:2007. O estudo aborda os tipos de plataformas, como se estrutura o trabalho offshore na Bacia de Campos (RJ); os principais acidentes no passado e como se encontram, atualmente, as condições de trabalho e segurança nas plataformas e os problemas físicos, emocionais e profissionais do trabalhador das plataformas. A tese também apresenta a atuação da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis na prevenção de acidentes. Apesar de existirem normas nacionais e convenções internacionais, direta ou indiretamente, para garantir a segurança quanto ao ambiente de trabalho nas plataformas, elas não são efetivamente aplicadas pelas empresas offshores, o que se torna também um fator passível de comprometer a saúde do trabalhador e necessitar de normatização efetiva. / The purpose of this thesis is to study the legal protection of the health of offshore workers through the interdisciplinary analysis of Annex II of Regulatory Norm 30; International Conventions of the International Labor Organization and the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001: 2007. The study addresses the types of platforms, how to structure the offshore work in the Campos Basin (RJ); the main accidents in the past and how are currently working conditions and safety platforms and the physical, emotional and professional problems of the workers of the platforms. The thesis also presents the performance of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels in the prevention of accidents. Although there are national norms and international conventions, either directly or indirectly, to ensure safety in the work environment on the platforms, they are not effectively enforced by offshore companies, which is also a factor that could compromise workers' health and necessitate of effective standardization.

Cette thèse se propose d’aborder les représentations et pratiques des arrêts maladie, essentiellement à partir des discours des travailleurs et d’observations in situ, dans l’aide à domicile et les musiques actuelles. L’hypothèse développée est celle d’une pratique polysémique, intelligente, et morale. Polysémique, car les travailleurs donnent des sens multiples aux arrêts maladie, en font un usage varié : les arrêts protègent leur santé dans des environnements astreignants ; ils servent aussi de message pour alerter collègues ou hiérarchie, en vue d’améliorer le bien-être collectif, de s’élever contre des logiques arbitraires ; ils peuvent enfin être interprétés comme une sanction, au sens de conséquence logique d’une situation (notamment les conditions de travail), et au sens de punition, à l’égard de l’employeur ou du travailleur lui-même. Intelligente, car les travailleurs mènent une réflexion avant de recourir aux arrêts, évaluant leur impact, analysant le contexte, les usages. Ils s’adaptent aux normes en vigueur aux niveaux local et macro-social, essaient à l’occasion de modifier la donne. Ils évoluent dans leurs représentations et leurs actes, apprennent de leur expérience, modifient leurs positions tout au long de leurs carrières (de travailleur, de malade, carrière familiale, …), selon les rôles sociaux qui leur incombent. Morale enfin, car les travailleurs tiennent compte des conséquences de leurs arrêts, dans une attitude de « loyauté » envers leurs collègues, leurs clients, leur travail ou leur entreprise. Ils jugent de la légitimité des arrêts et y recourent, ou non, dans le respect ou la lutte pour un ordre plus juste et conforme aux valeurs du métier. / The purpose of this current doctoral thesis was to investigate sick leave practices and representations, mainly through workers’ discourses and field observation, in the home care and contemporary popular music sectors. The hypothesis is that sick leave is a polysemous, intelligent and moral practice. Polysemous, in the sense that workers give sick leaves various meanings and use them in many different ways: sick leaves protect their health from demanding work environments. They serve as warnings for colleagues and hierarchy, in an attempt to improve collective welfare, to speak out against employer’s hegemony. They can be interpreted as a logical outcome of a given context (mainly poor working conditions and organization), as well as a punishment for the employer or the worker himself. Intelligent, because workers think carefully before they have recourse to sick leave, they assess their ins and outs, analyze the situation, the common practices. They adapt to social norms, at both local and macro-social levels, try when possible to be game changers. Their views and behaviors about sick leaves change over time, they learn from their experience, rethink their positions along their careers (within illness, work, family…), according to the social roles they are expected to endorse. Eventually, sick leaves are a moral practice as workers take into account the consequences of their leave : they behave with « loyalty » towards their colleagues, their clients, their work or their company. They evaluate the legitimacy of sick leaves and use them or not according to this judgment, in the respect or the fight for equity, and the defense of their professional identity and values.

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les travaux français qui portent sur les grandes surfaces alimentaires en sociologie du travail ont privilégié l’étude des caissières sans se soucier outre mesure des salariés des rayons. Cette thèse vise à rétablir ce déséquilibre en se focalisant sur les managers de rayon, premier niveau d’encadrement des magasins.Afin d’étudier ce groupe, nous commençons par mobiliser la sociologie du travail pour conduire une analyse microsociologique de leur travail quotidien. Les managers ont pour principales missions de faire progresser le chiffre d’affaires et la marge des rayons sous leur responsabilité ainsi que de motiver leurs équipes d’employés. Ils sont donc en interaction constante avec les employés chargés de la mise en rayon des produits, d’une partie des commandes et de la gestion des stocks, mais aussi avec d’autres interlocuteurs comme les fournisseurs ou encore les clients. Ce sont les membres de la direction du magasin (manager secteur, directeur) qui leur donnent des directives, contrôlent leurs résultats et évaluent leur comportement.Afin de prendre de la hauteur vis-à-vis des interactions quotidiennes, nous mobilisons également la sociologie des professions pour conduire une analyse davantage mésosociologique et macrosociologique. Nous étudions de cette façon les transformations de l’organisation du travail dans les magasins et celles du groupe des managers de rayon, toutes deux étroitement corrélées aux mutations structurelles de la branche de la distribution qui s’adapte en permanence aux aléas de la conjoncture économique et au goût versatile des consommateurs. Nous nous focalisons par conséquent sur les changements du travail, de l’emploi et de l’organisation des supermarchés et des hypermarchés qui touchent les managers depuis les années 2000 et s’accélèrent au cours des années 2010.Contrairement aux monographies réalisées sur les caissières, cette approche permet au moins deux choses. Premièrement, nous pouvons replacer dans leur contexte les nombreuses transformations du travail, de l’organisation et de l’emploi qu’ont vécues les salariés des rayons depuis le tournant des années 2010. Quand cela s’avère nécessaire, nous détaillons l’impact différencié de ces mutations sur les managers en fonction de leur appartenance à un ou plusieurs segments professionnels : enseigne intégrée vs indépendante, rayons alimentaires vs non alimentaires, zone urbaine vs rurale, supermarchés vs hypermarchés, faible présence syndicale vs délégués syndicaux revendicatifs.Notre approche nous permet par ailleurs de développer une réflexion dans le champ de la sociologie des professions : entre une approche fonctionnaliste qui se focalise sur l’unité d’une profession et une approche interactionniste qui insiste sur la diversité des pratiques au sein d’un même groupe professionnel, nous mobilisons le concept d’ethos professionnel pour penser à la fois l’unité et la diversité du groupe des managers de rayon. Nous proposons pour ce faire une définition personnelle de l’ethos en trois dimensions : une dimension pratique (activité, tâches, travail concret), une dimension symbolique (discours, normes, valeurs, représentations) et une dimension sociale (sexe, classe, race, diplôme, âge). Cet ethos ainsi défini articule les caractéristiques objectives d’un groupe professionnel avec ses valeurs et représentations et avec son travail concret.La thèse se divise en deux grandes parties. La première décrit la dimension pratique de l’ethos professionnel des managers de rayon. La seconde ajoute les dimensions symbolique et sociale de cet ethos bousculé par les récentes réorganisations des magasins. La thèse se conclut par une définition précise du concept d’ethos professionnel qui ouvre des perspectives de recherche concernant d’autres groupes professionnels. / For the past 30 years, research in France concerning workplace sociology within supermarkets and hypermarkets have highly favored the study of cashiers, thus disregarding the department employees. The aim of this dissertation is to restore this discrepancy by focusing on department managers who represent the first level of management in retail stores.In order to study this specific workforce, a focus on workplace sociology was initially necessary to advance a microsociological analysis of their daily work. The main tasks of department managers are to increase the turnover and the profits of the departments they are responsible for as well as keeping up the motivation of their teams. Therefore, they are interacting on a daily basis with the employees responsible for shelving, ordering, and stock managing products as well as dealing with suppliers and customers. Instructions are given by the store management i.e. store manager or sector manager, who also check the employees’ results and assess their behavior. To get some insight into the daily interactions in a supermarket, the sociology of professions was considered to produce a mesosociological and macrosociological analysis of the workplace and employment. This serves as a way to study the evolution in retail stores’ work structure as well as the changes in the particular group of department managers. Both are closely linked to the structural changes of the retail industry which is constantly adjusting to the contingencies of the economic context and the changeable desire of customers. Therefore, the mutations at work will be highlighted, for the employment and management in supermarkets and hypermarkets, which have impacted managers since the early 2000s ; a process that began accelerating around 2010.Unlike the numerous monographs that can be found on the topic of cashiers, this approach will focus on two elements. First, we will contextualize the structural and employment evolutions at work that retail employees have faced since the turn of the 2010s. We will elaborate, when needed, on the differentiated impact of these mutations on managers depending on their relation to one or several professional segments: food store chains vs. independent stores, food department vs. non-food departments, urban areas vs. rural areas, supermarkets vs. hypermarkets, weak union presence vs. strong union representation. In addition, this method leads to a deeper consideration on the sociology of professions: 1) a functionalist theoretical approach which focuses on the individuality of a profession and 2) an interactionist theoretical approach underlining the variety of practices within the same professional group. The concept of professional ethos is all the while used to encompass both the uniqueness and variety of department managers. A personal interpretation of this ethos will be developed revolving around 3 points: a practical dimension (practice, activities, tasks, rules, daily missions), a symbolic dimension (discourse, norms, values, representations) and a social dimension (gender, education, age, social category). This new definition of ethos, remaining consistent with the objective features of a professional group and its values, representation, and daily work, will open up new perspectives of research regarding other professional groups.This dissertation is divided into two parts. The first is dedicated to the practical dimension of the professional ethos of department managers. The second is devoted to the symbolic and social aspects of this work ethos which has been disturbed by the recent restructuring of retail stores. This thesis will conclude with an accurate definition of the concept of professional ethos which will contribute to understand other professional groups.

This diploma thesis deals with a situations of workers of the labour Office of the CZECH republic department care allowance, who are in the performance of their work influenced by certain factors, which are in this thesis discussed. In the thesis is include the legislative framework of social work, of inclusive a participating observation, ethical dilemmas in connection with the entry into a dwelling, where is lived the dying person, and further includes claims on the moral quality of social workers. A purpose of the thesis is to approach the work of social workers, the labour Office of the CZECH republic at the department's contribution to care and their utilization in the performance of social work.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L'objet de cette thèse est l'analyse quantitative et qualitative des emplois salariés du secteur des services à la personne que nous menons sur données individuelles. Après une introduction et un premier chapitre décrivant le secteur de services à la personne et ses enjeux économiques et sociaux, nous présentons, dans les trois chapitres suivants, trois essais microéconométriques. Nous testons au chapitre 2 la motivation intrinsèque des salariés des organismes agréés de services à la personne, selon que l'OASP est à but lucratif ou pas. Nous montrons que cette motivation est concentrée principalement chez les salariés percevant un salaire brut supérieur à 1,6 Smic. Ensuite, l'étude proposée au chapitre 3 sur les déterminants des transitions des salariés des services à la personne vers l'emploi stable met en lumière que les mêmes facteurs n'impactent pas de la même manière ces salariés selon les caractéristiques de leur activité, notamment le caractère multi-actif et mono-actif. Enfin, le chapitre 4 consiste en une évaluation de la politique d'allègement de 15 points des cotisations sociale employeur en faveur des particuliers employeurs déclarant leurs salariés «au réel». Cette politique publique affecte positivement l'activité salariée de l'emploi à domicile. Au plan méthodologique, cette thèse met en œuvre 3 modélisations économétriques différentes : un modèle à régime (chapitre 2), un modèle à risques concurrents (chapitre 3), et enfin la méthode classique des doubles différences (chapitre 4). / This dissertation aims to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of wage employment in the sector of services to individuals by using individual data. The introduction and the first chapter describe the sector of services to individual and the economic and social issues. In the three subsequent chapters it presents three microeconometric trials.In chapter two, we present intrinsic motivation of employees in authorised organizations for services to individua (OASP), depending on whether the organization is for-profit or non-profit. This motivation is mainly focused among workers erning a gross salary above 1.6 times the minimum wage. ln chapter 3, the study of the factors that determine the transitions of employees to steady employment highlights that these factors affect those employees differently according to the characteristics of their work, especially the multi-active and mono-active feature. Finally, chapter 4 consists of evaluating the reduction policy of 15 points in employers' social security contributions favoring individual employers who report the actual wages. This public policy positively affects domestic employment. In terms of methodology, this dissertation implements three different econometric models: a switching model regression (chapter 2), a competing risks model (chapter 3), and, finally, the classical method of differences-in-differences (chapter 4).

O estudo sustenta a tese que as características individuais e laborais e a suspeição de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores influenciam no absenteísmo ao trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar as características individuais, o estresse laboral e os distúrbios psiquiátricos menores como preditores de absenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, em um intervalo de dois anos. Foram entrevistados 254 trabalhadores de enfermagem (amostra por conveniência e não probabilística) no início e no final de dois anos: a primeira entrevista ocorreu entre novembro de 2008 e maio de 2009 e a segunda entre janeiro e maio de 2011. O desfecho foi o absenteísmo ao trabalho no período de dois anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, o Self-Report Questionaire, a Job Stress Scale e um instrumento para caracterização da amostra. O absenteísmo foi coletado por meio da base de dados eletrônica do hospital. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e analítica, considerando estatisticamente significativos aqueles com valor de p bicaudal menor a 0,05 ou com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para o cálculo do Risco Relativo (RR), os trabalhadores foram divididos entre aqueles com ou sem absenteísmo, assim como aqueles com absenteísmo elevado (pertencentes ao quartil 75%) versus os outros. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. No período de dois anos, 83,9% dos trabalhadores apresentaram pelo menos um dia de falta ao trabalho e a mediana da taxa de absenteísmo foi de 1,7%, sendo que metade da amostra faltou até 60,8 horas e 25% faltaram acima de 139,6 horas nesse período. Evidenciou-se maior taxa de absenteísmo nos trabalhadores de enfermagem com menor escolaridade, com filho(s); sem tempo para lazer; com doenças osteomusculares com Diagnóstico Médico (DM); com suspeição de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores (DPM); com cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermagem; que possuíam outro emprego; insatisfeitos com o local de trabalho e com baixo Apoio Social no trabalho. O RR para absenteísmo em dois anos foi maior nos trabalhadores: sem tempo para lazer (RR=1,15 e IC95%=1,0-1,2); com doença com DM (RR=1,19, IC95%=1,0-1,3); com doença osteomuscular com DM (RR=1,11 e IC95%=1,0-1,2); com suspeição de DPM (RR=1,21 e IC95%=1,1-1,2); de Unidades de Alta Complexidade (RR=1,10 e IC95%=1,0-1,2) e insatisfeitos com o local de trabalho (RR=1,20 e IC95%=1,1- 1,2). No que tange ao RR para absenteísmo elevado em dois anos, foi maior nos trabalhadores de enfermagem com menor escolaridade (RR=1,64 e IC95%=1-2,6); sem tempo para lazer (RR=2,48, IC95%=1,5-3,8); com suspeição de DPM (RR=2,11 e IC95%=1,2-3,4); com cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermagem (RR=2,67 e IC95%=1,2-5,8); com outro emprego (RR=2,27 e IC95%=1,3-3,8); insatisfeitos com o local de trabalho (RR=2,29 e IC95%=1,2- 4,2) e com baixo Apoio Social no trabalho (RR=1,56 e IC95%=1,0-2,6). Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que a taxa de absenteísmo em dois anos foi significativamente influenciada pelas variáveis: tempo para lazer, número de doenças com DM, suspeição de DPM e turno de trabalho. Os resultados contribuem para reflexões a ações em saúde do trabalhador e para os gestores hospitalares, pois indicam as variáveis que influenciam o absenteísmo no trabalho de enfermagem e fornecem subsídios para a proposição de estratégias de prevenção e promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. / This study defends that individual and work-related features, and the suspicion of minor psychiatric disorders influence absenteeism from work. This is a prospective cohort study with a quantitative approach. Its general objective was to analyze individual features, work stress and minor psychiatric disorders as predictors of absenteeism in nursing workers from a university hospital in a two-year interval. 254 nurses were interviewed (non-probability, convenience sample) in the beginning and the end of two years: the first set of interviews took place from November, 2008, to May, 2009, and the second from January to May, 2011. The outcome was absenteeism from work in the two-year period. To collect the data the instruments used were the Work Ability Index, the Self-Report Questionnaire, the Job Stress Scale and an instrument to characterize the sample. Absenteeism was collected through the hospital's electronic database. The data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics, considering as statistically significant those with a bicaudal p of less than 0.05 or with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. To calculate the Relative Risk (RR), workers were divided between those with or without absenteeism, as well as between those with high absenteeism (those belonging to the 75% quartile) and the others. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In the two-year interval, 83.9% of workers were absent from work for at least one day and the median rate of absenteeism was 1.7%. Half the sample was absent from work for up to 60.8 hours and 25% was absent for more than 139.6 hours in this interval. A higher rate of absenteeism was observed in less educated nursing workers, with child or children; with no leisure time; with musculoskeletal diseases with Medical Diagnosis (MD); with suspicion of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD); working as nursing technician or nursing assistant; who had another job; who were unsatisfied with the workplace and had low Social Support at work. RR for absenteeism in two years was higher in workers: with no leisure time (RR=1.15 and CI95%=1.0-1.2); with diseases with MD (RR=1.19 and CI95%=1.0-1.3); with musculoskeletal diseases with MD (RR=1.11 and CI95%=1.0-1.2); with suspicion of MPD (RR=1.21 and CI95%=1.1-1.2); working in High Complexity Units (RR=1.10 and CI95%=1.0-1.2) and unsatisfied with the workplace (RR=1.20 and CI95%=1.1). RR for high absenteeism in two years was higher in less educated nursing workers (RR=1.64 and CI95%=1-2.6); with no leisure time (RR=2.48 and CI95%=1.5-3.8); with suspicion of MPD (RR=2.11 and CI95%=1.2-3.4); working as nursing technician or nursing assistant (RR=2.67 and CI95%=1.2-5.8); with another job (RR=2.27 and CI95%=1.3-3.8); unsatisfied with the workplace (RR=2.29 and CI95%=1.2-4.2) and with low Social Support at work (RR=1.56 and CI95%=1.0-2.6). The multivariate analysis showed that the rate of absenteeism in two years was significantly influenced by the variables: leisure time, number of diseases with MD, suspicion of MPD and work shift. Results contribute to thoughts and actions towards the worker's health and also help health managers, for they indicate the variables that influence absenteeism in the nursing work and aid the proposal of strategies for prevention and the promotion of health, and for the workers' quality of life. / El estudio defiende la tesis de que las características individuales y laborales y la sospecha de disturbios psiquiátricos menores influyen en el absentismo laboral. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo, con análisis cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo general fue examinar las características individuales, el estrés laboral y los disturbios psiquiátricos menores como predictores de absentismo en trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario, en un periodo de dos años. Se entrevistaron 254 trabajadores de enfermería (muestra por conveniencia y no probabilística) en el inicio y al final de dos años: la primera entrevista se realizó entre noviembre de 2008 y mayo de 2009, y la segunda entre enero y mayo de 2011. El desenlace fue el absentismo laboral en el periodo de dos años. Para colectar los datos se utilizaron el Índice de Capacidad Laboral, el Self Report Questionaire, la Job Stress Scale y un instrumento para la caracterización de la muestra. El absentismo fue colectado a través de la base de datos electrónica del hospital. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y analítica, considerando estadísticamente significativos los de valor p de dos colas menor a 0,05 o con intervalo de confianza de 95%. Para el cálculo del Riesgo Relativo (RR) se dividieron los trabajadores entre los clasificados como con o sin absentismo, y también los que mostraban absentismo elevado (pertenecientes al cuartil 75%) versus los otros. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. En el periodo de dos años, el 83,9% de los trabajadores presentaron por lo menos un día de falta en el trabajo y el promedio de porcentaje de absentismo fue de 1,7%, siendo que la mitad de la muestra faltó hasta 60,8 horas y el 25% faltó más de 139,6 horas en ese periodo. Se evidenció un mayor porcentaje de absentismo laboral en los enfermeros con menor escolaridad, con hijo(s); sin tiempo para ocio; con enfermedades osteomusculares con Diagnóstico Médico (DM); con sospecha de Disturbios Psíquicos Menores (DPM); con cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermería; con otra ocupación; insatisfechos con el local de trabajo y con bajo Apoyo social en el trabajo. El RR para absentismo en dos años fue más alto en los trabajadores: sin tiempo de ocio (RR=1,15 y IC95%=1,0-1,2); con enfermedad con DM (RR=1,19, IC95%=1,0-1,3); con enfermedad osteomuscular con DM (RR=1,11 y IC95%=1,0-1,2); con sospecha de DPM (RR=1,21 y IC95%=1,1-1,2); de Unidades de Alta Complejidad (RR=1,10 y IC95%=1,0-1,2) e insatisfechos con el local de trabajo (RR=1,20 y IC95%=1,1-1,2). En lo que respecta al RR para absentismo elevado en dos años, fue más alto en los trabajadores de enfermería con menor escolaridad (RR=1,64 y IC95%=1-2,6); sin tiempo para ocio (RR=2,48, IC95%=1,5- 3,8); con sospecha de DPM (RR=2,11 y IC95%=1,2-3,4); con cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermería (RR=2,67 y IC95%=1,2-5,8); con otro empleo (RR=2,27 y IC95%=1,3-3,8); insatisfechos con el local de trabajo (RR=2,29 y IC95%=1,2-4,2) y con bajo Apoyo Social en el trabajo (RR=1,56 e IC95%=1,0-2,6). En el análisis multivariado se verificó que el porcentaje de absentismo en dos años fue significativamente influenciado por las variables: tiempo para ocio, número de enfermedades con DM, sospecha de DPM y turno de trabajo. Los resultados contribuyen a los reflexiones y acciones la salud del trabajador y para los gestores hospitalarios, pues indican las variables que influyen en el absentismo laboral de enfermería y proveen subsidios para proponer estrategias de prevención y promoción de la salud y de la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.

A good motivation and stimulation system is necessary to induct employees in a specific way towards goals stated by the motivator. This final project deals about the company motivation and stimulation system. The goal {\"\i}s to find out some solutions how to better the system and use motivators more effective. I have chosen a questionnaire method for determining goals and the research has been carried out in the international retail selling company. After evalution of the answers I found out that the employees weren´t satisfied with the motivators used in the company. I suggested some ways how to better the situation in the company and make the emplyees satisfied.