Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Carvalho de Oliveira.pdf: 7402478 bytes, checksum: 6416a0d4f012af98bef0be176cc30585 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research intends to understand how art contributes to a widening of the field of affects which interfere with clinical activity in Psychology. In analysis, through the follow-up of processes, including those belonging to the author with her own affects, experiences and encounters, trigger situations which discuss the state of the art; the work of Frida Kahlo as a passage way in the relationship life-art, and some scenes, fragments and syntheses, which articulate themselves in the central question of the research: life, art, affects and clinical activity, organized with the fundamental support of the philosophy of Deleuze, which helped me thinking more strongly about an open therapeutic space, in some deviant way which overflows the consulting room and the classroom. In my daily practice of the art-informed making of psychology, I understand life as an intensive map composed by passages, possibilities and landscapes where, with the strength of sensitivity, each person produces their own artwork, which is not necessarily an object, but instead their own lives, a transitional space towards some kind of emancipatory transformation, autonomous, critical and creative / Esta pesquisa busca compreender como a arte contribui para o alargamento do campo dos afetos que atravessam a relação do fazer clínico na psicologia. Em análise, por meio do acompanhamento de processos, inclusive os da própria autora com os seus afetos, experiências e encontros, situações disparadoras que discutem o estado de arte; a obra de Frida Kahlo como via de passagem na relação vida-arte, e algumas cenas, fragmentos e sínteses, que se articulam na questão central da pesquisa: vida, arte, afetos e clínica, organizada com o auxílio principal da filosofia de Deleuze, que me ajudou a pensar mais fortemente num espaço terapêutico aberto, num caminho de desvio que transborda o consultório e a sala de aula. Na minha prática cotidiana dos fazeres da psicologia atravessados pela arte, entendo a vida como um mapa intensivo composto por passagens, possibilidades e paisagens onde, com a força da sensibilidade, cada um produz a sua própria obra de arte, que não é necessariamente um objeto, mas sim a própria vida, um espaço de trânsito rumo a algum tipo de transformação emancipatória, autônoma, crítica e criativa

Objective: The concept of recovery has become an integral part of modern mental health care. Understanding the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of key recovery interventions, such as Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP), is essential in order to expand the theoretical understanding of recovery and inform how to target recovery in treatment. Therefore a systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the mental health outcomes of WRAP for adults. The empirical study then explored three constructs in relation to WRAP and recovery. These were social problem solving, cognitive defusion and social identification. Method: The systematic review of the mental health outcomes of WRAP was conducted by searching four databases, contacting the authors of WRAP research and seeking evaluative information from organisations that deliver WRAP. Fourteen relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. Whereas, the empirical study recruited participants on a trans-diagnostic basis from across Scotland. Using a quantitative cross sectional design, 109 participant's completed 5 self-report questionnaires. These were the Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about WRAP Questionnaire (WRAP beliefs), the Recovery Assessment Scale - Short (RAS-S), the Social Problem Solving Inventory - Revised - Short (SPSI-R-S), the Four Item Measure of Social Identification (FISI) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Correlation, regression and mediation analysis were used to explore relationships, and in particular, the predictors and mediators of recovery. Results: The systematic review provided strong evidence that WRAP has a significant positive impact on hope and also reduces the symptoms of mental illness. However, whether WRAP improves personal levels of recovery was unclear and a possible risk of disempowerment was found. Promising preliminary mental health outcomes in the areas of confidence in managing mental health, quality of life, service use, self-advocacy and knowledge attitudes and beliefs about recovery were highlighted. Only studies that did not use peer facilitators failed to find significant increases in hope compared to treatment as usual control groups. In the empirical study, the results indicated that all the constructs examined were correlated to recovery. In the regression analysis, WRAP beliefs, social problem solving and cognitive defusion also demonstrated a predictive relationship with recovery. Mediation analysis indicated that, social problem solving mediated two distinct relationships. One between WRAP beliefs and recovery, and another between cognitive defusion and recovery. The social problem solving subscales also showed how the two predictors relate to recovery through social problem solving in different ways. Social identification with the WRAP group did not significantly predict or mediate recovery. Conclusions: The systematic review indicated having peer facilitators delivering WRAP is key to helping participants foster hope and that a further randomised control trial could help clarify if improved personal recovery is an outcome of WRAP. It additionally suggested how the relationship between WRAP beliefs and recovery could be explored, as per the design of the empirical study. Findings from the empirical study implied that improving participants' social problem solving and cognitive defusion should be specifically targeted in WRAP delivery. The studies combined indicate that to achieve the best recovery results interventions, like WRAP, should target inspiring hope through peer support, improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about recovery and cognitive defusion from unhelpful thoughts.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized the world over as a major public health issue. Autism is highly prevalent, persists across the lifespan, and is characterized by behaviors that can profoundly impair typical functioning. Interventions based on behavioral strategies have proven effective, but there are significant barriers to care, including cost, intensity of treatment, and access to qualified practitioners. The impact of ASD and obstacles to appropriate care are magnified by systemic limitations in developing countries. Parent training holds promise as a method of disseminating therapy to underserved areas. This study investigated the effectiveness of a pyramidal parent training intervention in Macedonia. Fifteen parents of children with ASD were trained in three specific strategies for promoting prosocial skills: eye contact, compliance, reducing restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). Parents reported daily ratings of these skills and their own confidence, action or engagement, and family distress. Participants were ethnic Macedonians from the capital of Skopje with at least one child with ASD between the ages of 2 and 13 years. This study utilized a single case research design. Data were collected per and post intervention using an interrupted time series design. Individual response was analyzed visually and Tau U effect sizes were calculated. Moderator and mediator effect was considered following the method initially established by Gaynor and Harris (2008). Effect sizes were small but significant for the group overall for all variables except restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). The program was especially effective for younger children, those with comorbid hyperactivity, those with low to moderate symptomology, and those with no prior special education services.

An associate degree of nursing program in the southeastern region of the United States has had significant increases in student attrition over the past few years. Admission requirements did not include an entrance exam, such as the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS), which may be useful in decreasing the deficiencies associated with poor student progression. Guided by the Knowles' theory of adult learning and Bandura's social learning theory, the purpose of this correlation study was to explore the relationship between the TEAS scores and the cumulative grade point average (GPA) of first-year students to determine if success at the completion of students' first year in the nursing program can be predicted from the overall TEAS score and its subsections of reading, math, science, and English. Archival data for 130 nursing students enrolled from 2012 to 2013 were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. According to the study results, there was a significant correlation of the total TEAS score and student GPA after the first year of nursing school. The first semester GPA was positively related to the TEAS English score and the TEAS science score; however, there was no significant correlation found for TEAS math and reading scores with students' GPA. A 3-day workshop and a student mentoring program were developed to address academic deficiencies of at-risk nursing students, particularly in English and science. Positive social change can occur through improved retention, which will lead to a higher number of nursing graduates eligible to take and pass the National Certification Licensure Exam for Registered Nurses, provide job security for graduates, and improve the present critical shortage of nurses in the United States.

<p>Reports of software a development projects that miss schedule, exceeds budget and deliver products with poor quality are abundant in the literature. Both researchers and the industry are seeking methods to counter these trends and improve software quality.</p><p>Software Process Improvement is a systematic approach to improve the capabilities and performance of software organizations. One basic idea is to assess the organizations’ current practice and improve their software process on the basis of the competencies and experiences of the practitioners working in the organization. A major challenge is to create strategies and mechanisms for managing relevant and updated knowledge about software development and maintenance. Insights from the field of knowledge management are therefore potentially useful in software process improvement efforts to facilitate the creation, modification, and sharing of software processes in any organization.</p><p>In the work presented in this thesis, we have made an overview of empirical studies on the effect of knowledge management in software engineering. We have categorized these studies according to a framework and we report findings on the major concepts that have been investigated empirically, as well as the research methods applied within the field. We have also investigated two main strategies for knowledge management, codification and personalization, through the application of four concrete methods in a software process improvement setting: Mentoring, Rational Unified Process, Process Workshops and Post Mortem Analysis.</p><p>We have classified the work in this thesis within three main themes:</p><p>RT1: Previous research on knowledge management in software engineering.</p><p>RT2: Application of knowledge management to improve the software process through codification of knowledge.</p><p>RT3: Application of knowledge management to improve the software process through personalization of knowledge.</p><p>The main contributions are:</p><p>C1: An overview of the research literature on empirical studies of knowledge management in software engineering.</p><p>C2: A method for tailoring the Rational Unified Process to the development process of a software consulting company.</p><p>C3: Improvements of the Process Workshops method by contextualization.</p><p>C4: Improvement of the root-cause analysis phase of the lightweight Post Mortem Analysis for more effective project retrospectives.</p><p>C5: Proposed methods to increase the learning effect of mentor programs in software engineering.</p>

Reports of software a development projects that miss schedule, exceeds budget and deliver products with poor quality are abundant in the literature. Both researchers and the industry are seeking methods to counter these trends and improve software quality. Software Process Improvement is a systematic approach to improve the capabilities and performance of software organizations. One basic idea is to assess the organizations’ current practice and improve their software process on the basis of the competencies and experiences of the practitioners working in the organization. A major challenge is to create strategies and mechanisms for managing relevant and updated knowledge about software development and maintenance. Insights from the field of knowledge management are therefore potentially useful in software process improvement efforts to facilitate the creation, modification, and sharing of software processes in any organization. In the work presented in this thesis, we have made an overview of empirical studies on the effect of knowledge management in software engineering. We have categorized these studies according to a framework and we report findings on the major concepts that have been investigated empirically, as well as the research methods applied within the field. We have also investigated two main strategies for knowledge management, codification and personalization, through the application of four concrete methods in a software process improvement setting: Mentoring, Rational Unified Process, Process Workshops and Post Mortem Analysis. We have classified the work in this thesis within three main themes: RT1: Previous research on knowledge management in software engineering. RT2: Application of knowledge management to improve the software process through codification of knowledge. RT3: Application of knowledge management to improve the software process through personalization of knowledge. The main contributions are: C1: An overview of the research literature on empirical studies of knowledge management in software engineering. C2: A method for tailoring the Rational Unified Process to the development process of a software consulting company. C3: Improvements of the Process Workshops method by contextualization. C4: Improvement of the root-cause analysis phase of the lightweight Post Mortem Analysis for more effective project retrospectives. C5: Proposed methods to increase the learning effect of mentor programs in software engineering.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / The environmental issue is an ever present concern throughout society and education is seen as essential to change this scenario materialize. Thus, the Environmental Education (EE) is an essential component of national education and must be present at all levels and modalities of the educational process. This dissertation deals with the EE in the school context and attempts to ascertain the contributions of environmental thematic workshops with student's Normal Course and in the Early Years of basic education. This work was divided into two phases. In the first phase were provided four thematic workshops on EE to 57 students only school in the municipality of Uruguaiana-RS that has the Normal Course as a teaching modality and also before and after activities, a questionnaire was applied in order to verify the knowledge students about EE and assess whether the proposed training was effective in their formation. In the second phase a workshop, which had as its theme the construction of educational games using recyclable and reusable materials, with 60 students of the Early Years of elementary school three local schools that have low performance in the Index of Basic Education Development was held. In addition, through mental maps the children's perceptions of the environment were analyzed. The results showed that students who participated of four thematic workshops performed better at posttest raising your batting average in the questionnaire, given that it can be inferred that the thematic workshops potentiated the student s knowledge of the EE. In the second phase, students in the Early Years were mostly comprehensive and environmental perceptions about the environment and after the implementation of the thematic workshop these perceptions were more frequent signaling that there was an expansion of student s knowledge about the environment. After the execution of the works that made up this dissertation is concluded that the proposed methodology was effective because the thematic workshops presented contributions in training students for the environmental issues can be facilitators and teaching resources for EE in the school context. / A questão ambiental é uma preocupação cada vez mais presente em toda a sociedade e a educação é vista como essencial para que mudanças nesse cenário se concretizem. Sendo assim, a Educação Ambiental (EA) é um componente essencial da educação nacional e deve estar presente em todos os níveis e modalidades do processo educativo. Esta dissertação trata da EA no contexto escolar e objetivou verificar as contribuições das oficinas temáticas ambientais na formação de alunos do Curso Normal Médio e dos Anos Iniciais da Educação Básica. O presente trabalho foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase foram proporcionadas quatro oficinas temáticas sobre a EA para 57 alunos da única escola do município de Uruguaiana-RS que possui o Curso Normal como modalidade de ensino e ainda, antes e após as atividades foi aplicado um questionário a fim de verificar o conhecimento dos alunos sobre a EA e avaliar se a proposta de capacitação foi eficaz na formação dos mesmos. Na segunda fase foi realizada uma oficina, que teve como temática a construção de jogos didáticos utilizando materiais recicláveis e reutilizáveis, com 60 alunos dos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental de três escolas do município que tiveram baixo rendimento no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica. Além disso, através de mapas mentais foram analisadas as percepções das crianças sobre meio ambiente. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os alunos do Curso Normal que participaram das quatro oficinas temáticas apresentaram um melhor desempenho no pós-teste elevando sua média de acertos no questionário, dado esse que permite inferir que as oficinas temáticas potencializaram o conhecimento dos alunos sobre a EA. Na segunda fase, os alunos dos Anos Iniciais apresentaram predominantemente percepções abrangentes e socioambientais sobre o meio ambiente e após as execução da oficina temática essas percepções foram mais frequentes sinalizando que houve uma ampliação do conhecimento dos alunos sobre o meio ambiente. Após a execução dos trabalhos que compuseram esta dissertação conclui-se que a metodologia proposta mostrou-se eficaz, pois as oficinas temáticas apresentaram contribuições na formação dos alunos relativas à temática ambiental e podem ser recursos pedagógicos facilitadores para a EA no contexto escolar.

Malgré la rareté des sources à Chambéry et dans sa région, les critères d’existence d’un foyer artistique dans la ville et ses alentours au tournant des XVe et XVIe siècles peuvent être réunis. Un important corpus d'une quarantaine de sculptures produit au cours de quelques décennies entre 1480 et 1530 atteste l'activité locale de sculpteurs. L'analyse des œuvres permet de distinguer l'activité de plusieurs ateliers et d'envisager un mode de production. De nombreuses occasions d'échanges entre milieux artistiques chambériens, genevois et septentrionaux peuvent aussi être mises en lumière. Dans cet espace, autour de 1500, la présence d'une clientèle variée et un contexte religieux dynamique ont favorisé le développement d'un langage artistique originale. / Despite the paucity of documentary evidence arguing in favour of the existence of much sculpting activity in and near Chambéry, the criteria needed to establish the presence of an artistic hub in the town and its vicinity at the turn of the XV and XVI centuries can be shown. The existence of a large body of sculptures, consistent both in style and iconography, produced over a few decades between 1480 and 1530, is testament to the activity of sculptors in the region. An analysis has led to identifying the activity of various artists' workshops, and to understanding of the way in which these works were produced. Many opportunities for contact between the art worlds of Chambéry, Geneva and Northern countries can also be identified. Within this space, a varied clientele as well as a dynamic religious context have supported the development of an original local artistic production.

Les thèmes marins englobent la mythologie marine, les poissons et les bateaux, qu'ils soient de pêche, de commerce ou de guerre. Ils nous ont servi de leitmotive pour suivre le développement de l'Art de la mosaïque depuis ses origines en Mésopotamie jusqu'à la Province d'Afrique en suivant les routes empruntées par Rome. La réalisation d'un catalogue exhaustif étant illusoire nous l'avons essentiellement constitué de mosaïques que nous avons nous-même pu voir et admirer. Ceci a déséquilibré notre collection au profit des mosaïques tunisiennes plus faciles d'accès. L'époque concernée est celle de la conquête et de la domination romaine en Afrique de 146 av. J.- C. à 533 apr. J.-C. Ce suivi en images de pierre retrace une histoire parallèle entre celle de Rome et le devenir de la mosaïque en Afrique du Nord correspondant au Maroc, à l'Algérie, à la Tunisie et à la Libye d'aujourd'hui, où se trouvent concentrées ses expressions des plus précieuses et des plus représentatives et où les thèmes marins furent particulièrement appréciés. / The marine genre representations on mosaics include marine mythology, fishes and boats for fishing trade or war. We were using them as pretexts to follow the development of the mosaic Art since its origin in Mesopotamia till it reached the African Province following the roads used by Rome. The fulfillment of an exhaustive catalogue being an illusion we have built it mainly with mosaics that we were able to see and to admire by ourselves. Therefore our collection is unbalanced to the benefit of mosaics from Tunisia where traveling was easier. The concerned time period corresponds to the roman conquest and domination from 146 BC to 533 AD. This follow up in stone pictures is describing parallel historical lines between ROME and the progress of mosaic in septentrional Africa corresponding to actual Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, where are concentrated very valuable and representative expressions and where the marine genre representations were mostly estimated.

Les adventices sont la principale menace pour les cultures, pour les gérer le moyen le plus utilisé est l’application d’herbicides. Leur emploi doit être réduit en raison de problèmes de santé et d'environnement. Pour les remplacer, il faut mettre en place des combinaisons de pratiques culturales. Cette complexification de la gestion des adventices, la nécessité de la raisonner sur le long terme et la multiplicité des impacts du système de culture font que les outils de modélisation sont d'une grande aide pour concevoir des systèmes de culture innovants. L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un outil d'aide à la décision (OAD) pour des conseillers agricoles afin d'assister la reconception de systèmes de culture moins consommateurs en herbicides. Notre approche consiste à déterminer la structure de ce nouvel OAD en interaction avec les futurs utilisateurs et son contenu biophysique à partir du fonctionnement de l'agroécosystème d'un modèle de recherche. Ce modèle est FLORSYS, un modèle mécaniste de « parcelle virtuelle » qui simule la dynamique de la flore adventice et du couvert cultivé en fonction des systèmes de culture et du pédoclimat et qui en déduit des indicateurs d'impact de la flore adventice sur la production agricole et les services écosystémiques. La thèse comprend trois étapes : (1) accélération de FLORSYS en méta-modélisant, par polynômes du chaos, son module le plus lent, le module d'interception du rayonnement lumineux individu-centrée du couvert culture:adventices avec transfert et interception de la lumière simulée au niveau du voxel (pixel 3D); (2) identification des pratiques culturales ayant le plus d'effet sur les indicateurs d'impact de la flore adventice, par fouille de données sur un très grand nombre de systèmes de culture réels simulés avec FLORSYS. Pour élargir la gamme des combinaisons d'entrées explorées, des systèmes de culture aléatoires ont été ajoutés à l'analyse. Des forêts aléatoires ont permis d'établir des grilles des techniques culturales les plus influentes en fonction des objectifs visés ; les arbres de régression identifient les combinaisons de pratiques culturales permettant d'atteindre ces mêmes objectifs; (3) en parallèle, le co-développement de la structure de l'OAD avec les futurs utilisateurs s’est fait via enquêtes et ateliers de co-conception de systèmes de culture, en termes de questions traitées, choix et formats des entrées et sorties etc. Dans l'étape (1), la comparaison entre la version voxelisée et la version méta-modélisée au niveau de la plante entière a mis en lumière le compromis précision/rapidité du modèle. Le métamodèle est plus rapide pour tester des stratégies d'agriculture de précision nécessitant de connaître précisément la position et le volume des plantes. Dans les autres cas, diminuer la précision en utilisant la version voxelisée avec un grand voxel est plus rapide. L'étape (2) montre que pour réduire l'impact des adventices sur la production, le travail du sol, principalement en été, et l’utilisation d’herbicides sont les pratiques les plus influentes. L'étape (3) a identifié deux cas d'utilisation pour le futur OAD : la reconception de systèmes de culture nécessite un OAD synthétique basé sur des méta-règles de décision; le réajustement de système de culture nécessite un OAD plus détaillé en termes de description du système de culture et des effets de la flore. L'OAD synthétique est composé de grilles de conseil, d'arbres de décision et d’un simulateur rapide basé sur des forêts aléatoires; sa facilité et sa capacité à prédire à la fois des éléments connus mais aussi surprenants pour les conseillers, en font un intéressant support lors d'ateliers de conception de systèmes de culture pour proposer les grandes lignes de reconception des systèmes de culture multiperformants. L’OAD détaillé sera une version de FLORSYS pré-paramétrée pour différentes régions pour ajuster finement des systèmes de culture candidats à chaque type de situation d'agriculteur. / The main threat to agricultural crops are weeds with herbicides being the primary cropping management practice. Due to the negative impact of herbicides on health and environment, their use must be reduced. To replace herbicides, numerous cropping practices need to be implemented. This makes weed management more complicated and, together with necessity of scheduling operations at long-term and the multiplicity of cropping system impacts, explains why models are so useful for designing innovative cropping systems. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) intended for crop advisors to help design cropping systems that are less dependent on herbicides. Our approach consisted in identifying the structure of the DSS in interaction with future users while using an existing research model for the biophysical content of the tool. The research model, FLORSYS, is a mechanistic model of a “virtual field” simulating the weed flora dynamics from both cropping systems and pedoclimatic conditions. As output, it provides weed impact indicators, both for crop production and ecosystem services. This work was achieved via three steps: (1) increasing the speed of FLORSYS simulations by metamodelling, via polynomial chaos extension, the slowest submodel, i.e. the radiation interception. This submodel is based on a 3D representation of each plant of the crop:weed canopy where the transfer and interception of the radiation is computed at a voxel (3D pixel) scale. (2) The identification of the most influential cropping practices on weed impacts indicators via datamining on a wide range of simulated cropping systems with FLORSYS. To widen the range of cropping systems, random cropping systems were added to the study. Random forest allowed the construction of charts of the most important cropping practices contingent on different objectives; classification and regression trees gave the optimal combinations of practices leading to those objectives. (3) Simultaneously, the co-development of the structure of the DSS with future users was done via surveys and workshops to design cropping systems. These interactions aimed at defining which questions should be answered with the DSS, which inputs and outputs, and with which format, should be used. In step (1), the simulation time of the voxelised FLORSYS and the FLORSYS metamodelled at the scale of the plant highlighted the precision/speed trade-off of the model. The metamodel is faster for agricultural practices requiring precise knowledge of the position and volume of plants. In other cases, decreasing the precision by using the voxelized FLORSYS with an increased voxel size is much faster. Step (2) shows no general conflict between crop protection and ecosystem service indicators. The conservation of both crop protection and ecosystem services is thus possible, except for bee food offer. To reduce weed impacts on production, tillage, especially in summer, and herbicide use are the main cropping techniques. In step (3) two use cases were identified: (1st) the redesign of a cropping system requires a synthetic tool, based on meta-decision rules (e.g. rotating winter and spring crops, ploughing once every three years); (2nd) adjusting cropping practices requires a detailed tool, with detailed inputs on the cropping system. The synthetic DSS is composed of charts of the most important cropping system practices, of decision trees, and an emulator of FLORSYS based on random forests. Its capacity to predict known facts makes it an essential discussion medium for cropping system design workshops, particularly to suggest the outlines of multi-performant cropping systems. The detailed DSS consists of a pre-parameterized version of FLORSYS for different regions, to allow the fine tuning of cropping systems to constraints and objectives of farmers.