L’Écosse du XVIIIe siècle connaît de grands changements qui seront à l’aune des transformations socio-économiques sous-tendant sa Révolution industrielle. L’historiographie sur le sujet est divisée entre deux visions du développement – nommées pour le bienfait de cette étude traditionnelle et révisionniste – à savoir si ces transformations valident la notion d’une « révolution agraire ». Cette étude propose une recension de ces deux courants et propose d’appliquer leur analyse sur une région circonscrite, l’Aberdeenshire. À l’aide de l’Old Statistical Account, source majeure pour l’étude de l’histoire moderne écossaise, nous tenterons de démontrer que le caractère particulier du développement des régions ne correspond pas à l’application des conclusions nationales. Nous accorderons une attention spéciale à la propriété foncière, à l’impact des enclosures et à la temporalité des changements. De par ses spécificités, et son retard de modernisation agraire et agricole, nous croyons que la région suit le schéma dressé par les historiens révisionnistes, c.-à-d. des changements structurels s’étendant sur un temps long et ne s’inscrivant pas directement dans la période 1755-1815, traditionnellement désignée comme « révolution agraire ». Il s’agirait plutôt d’une adaptation partielle et originale des nouvelles idées mises de l’avant par les protagonistes de la modernisation. / During the eighteenth century, Scotland underwent numerous structural changes that ultimately led to its entry into the Industrial Revolution. Concerning its historiography, there is an ongoing debate between two factions – named for the purpose of this study traditionalists and revisionists – in order to determine the validity of the “Agricultural revolution” notion of development. This study aims to explore both visions and to apply their conclusions to a particular region, in this case Aberdeenshire. Using the Old Statistical Account, one of the major documentary resources concerning Scottish modern history, we will try to demonstrate that the regional experience of development differs from the general assertions applied to Scotland. We will focus on land property, the impact of enclosures and the timeframe of the changes. Owing to its specific characteristics, we believe that the entry of Aberdeenshire into agricultural modernity followed the path of long-term structural changes, as favoured by the writers of the revisionist persuasion. In other words, this region did not experience but more or less adapted the new ideas and techniques to its own particular characteristics.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

El presente trabajo pretende construir un fragmento de la historia de los conflictos entre hombres y mujeres a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, desvelar la vida cotidiana o costumbres de una parte de la sociedad catalana, explicar las disputas prematrimoniales (incumplimiento de la promesa de matrimonio), sus influencias en el matrimonio (en el caso de que se celebrara el enlace), analizar el divorcio tal como se entendía en la época, sus facetas (divorcio formal e informal), poner de manifiesto los mecanismos de divorcio e insistir sobre sus modalidades ("separación interina, divorcio temporal y divorcio perpetuo"), sus consecuencias e implicaciones (el secuestro femenino generalmente realizado en casa de familiares o amigos; la reclusión femenina y masculina en una institución caritativa o penitenciaria (en caso de delitos matrimoniales); el reparto de los bienes, la restitución de la dote, la pensión alimenticia, la custodia de los hijos, etc. Para explicar el proceso de liberalidad que se estaba produciendo en torno al divorcio y a las promesas de matrimonio, y por ende los cambios de actitud relativos al matrimonio y a las relaciones de géneros, hemos recurrido a la bibliografía relacionada con el contexto histórico, social y económico de la época, de la información de los archivos judiciales y eclesiásticos (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) así como de la documentación procedente del Arxiu Històric de la Casa de Misericòrdia de Barcelona, de la Fundació Arxiu Històric de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu y de l'Arxiu Històric de la Biblioteca de Catalunya. / This work aims at recreating a piece of the history related to the conflicts between men and women between the end of the XVIIIth and the begining of the XIXth centuries in Catalonia. It pretends to reveal the everyday life and customs of a part of the catalan society, to explain the conflicts previous to marriage (violation of the marriage promise) and its influences on marriage (when the marriage union is celebrated), to analyze the divorce as it was understood in that time, and its multiple points of view (formal and informal divorce). We want to reveal the divorce mechanisms and its modalities ("interim separation, temporary divorce and permanent divorce"), its consequences and implications (the feminine kidnap typically carried out in a relative or friend's home; reclusion in a charity or penitentiary institution in case of marriage delicts); properties partitioning, the dowry devolution, nutritional allowance, children custody, etc. We have used the bibliography contained in juridical and clerical archives (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) as well as documents of the Hospicio de Barcelona and Hospital de la Santa Cruz, relating the historical, social and economical context of that time in order to better explain the liberality process that was being developed around divorce and marriage promises, and therefore the attitude changes relating marriage and gender relationships.

Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII. / This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.

Le 9 octobre 1733, une circulaire du Chancelier Henri-François d’Aguesseau est envoyée à l’ensemble des intendants et des procureurs généraux du royaume. C’est le début des « états des crimes dignes de mort ou de peines afflictives », une enquête réalisée sur près de soixante-dix ans et qui a pour but de contrôler l’activité des officiers de justice. Sa réalisation et son exploitation mettent en lumière le travail de la monarchie administrative, qu’il s’agisse des instances gouvernementales comme la chancellerie ou de l’administration provinciale (intendants et subdélégués). Elle nous informe aussi sur les relations entre les différents acteurs (officiers et administrateurs) qui interviennent au cours de sa réalisation. Enfin, en s’intéressant aux crimes graves, cette enquête nous interroge sur la manière d’appréhender et de définir le crime au XVIIIe siècle tout en nous offrant une vision globale de la criminalité en France. / On October 9, 1733, a circular from Chancellor Henri-Francois d'Aguesseau is sent to the whole of the intendants and attorneys general of the kingdom. This is the beginning of the « états des crimes dignes de mort ou de peines affictives », a survey carried out for nearly seventy years and which aims to control the activity of the officers of justice. Its realization and exploitation inform us about the work of the administrative monarchy, be it governmental bodies such as the Chancery or the provincial administration (intendants and subdelegates). It also informs us about the relations between the various actors (officers of justice and administrators) that intervene during its realization. Finally, by investigating serious crimes, this survey questions us about grasping and defining crime in the eighteenth century while offering us a global view of criminalty in France.

Le sujet traite de l'originalité de l'atelier de sculpture des Rosset de Saint-Claude dans le Jura (France) actif du XVIe au XIXe siècle. Original par sa production familiale d'objets d'art en ivoire et en marbre qui connut une diffusion européenne grâce aux portraits de Voltaire. Sculpteurs d'intérieur et «en petit», engagés dans le débat des Lumières, les Rosset sont aussi des statuaires comtois renommés et des peintres locaux. Le sujet est centré sur le XVIIIe siècle autour de l'œuvre de Joseph Rosset (1706-1786) âme de l'atelier, créateur de modèles réputés et que ses cinq fils, tous artistes, produiront en série avec lui et, après sa mort de manière indépendante, adaptant leur œuvre à l'évolution des goûts : Jean François alias Joseph Rosset (1734-1783) orfèvre, Jean-Joseph-Nicolas Rosset (1737-1809) prêtre et peintre, Jacques-Joseph Rosset (1741-1826), François-Marie Rosset (1743-1824) peintre voyageur en Turquie d'Asie et sculpteur et Claude-Antoine Rosset (1749-1818) peintre et sculpteur. Le volume I (265 pages). Le premier chapitre retrace l'histoire de l'atelier présent à Saint-Claude depuis le XVIe siècle, analyse le contexte du travail et la position sociale bourgeoise de la famille de Joseph Rosset au XVIIIe siècle. Le chapitre deux présente de manière critique la biographie de Joseph Rosset, dégage les caractères de son œuvre à tête de Janus, le sacré et le profane, à l'image de ses convictions, de sa foi religieuse catholique et de ses idées politiques libérales, qui met son art au service des Lumières. Enfin, un troisième chapitre, analyse l'œuvre de ses fils dans la continuité politique de l'idéal de leur père ; ils participent en citoyens à la mise en œuvre des réformes libérales de la Révolution. Le volume II (587 pages) présente le catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre de Joseph Rosset (1706-1786), tome 1, les œuvres religieuses, tome 2, l'œuvre en ivoire de l'atelier Rosset et, tome 3 l'œuvre profane en marbre. Le volume III (491 pages) est le catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre sculpté et peint de ses fils : tome 1, l'œuvre graphique et sculpté de Jacques Rosset (1741-1826) ; tome 2, l'œuvre peint et sculpté de François Rosset (1743-1824) ; tome 3 l'œuvre sculptée d'Antoine Rosset (1749 - 1818). / The subject treats originality of the workshop of sculpture of Rosset of Saint-Claude in the Jura (France) active from the XVIth until the XIX th century. Original by its family production works of art in ivory and marble which knews an European diffusion thanks to the portraits of Voltaire. Sculptors of interior and "into small", engaged in the debate of the Enlightenment, the Rosset are also famous sculptors of Franche-Comté and local painters. The subject is centered over the XVIIIth century around the work of Joseph Rosset (1706-1786) heart of the workshop, creator of famous models, whose five sons, ail artists, will produce in séries with him, and in an independent way after his death, adapting their work to the évolution of the tastes : Jean François, alias Joseph Rosset (1734-1783) goldsmith, Jean-Joseph-Nicolas Rosset (1737-1809) priest and painter, Jacques-Joseph Rosset (1741-1826), François-Marie Rosset (1743-1824) traveller painter of Turkey in Asia and sculptor, and Claude-Antoine Rosset (1749-1818) painter and sculptor. Book I. The first section relates the history of the workshop présent in Saint-Claude since the XVIth century, analyses the contex of work and the middle class social position of Rosset's family during the XVIIIth century. The second section shows in a critical way Joseph Rosset's biography, which brings out the characteristics of his Janus headed work, the sacral and the profane, picture of his believes, his catholic faith and his libéral political ideas and offers his art to the service of the Enlightenment. And then, in a third section analyses the works of his sons, in the political continuity of their father's ideals. They take part as citizen in the enforcement of the Révolution's libéral reforms. Book II introduces the reasoned catalogue of Joseph Rosset's work (1706-1786), section 1, the sacred work, section 2, the ivory work of the Rosset's Workshop and the third section the profane marble work. Book III is a reasoned catalogue of the sculpted work of his sons : section 1, the work of Jacques Rosset (1741-1826) ; section 2, the painted and sculpted work of François Rosset (1743-1824) ; section 3, the sculpted work of Antoine Rosset (1749-1818).

Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII. / This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T12:06:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T14:33:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-06T14:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-15 / The initial period of the discovery of gold mines in Goiás comprehended, beyond the glories sung by the writers of its history, the intense and typical disparities of the processes of gold rush. The empire of greed has brought the need for the establishment of forces capable of imposing order and defends the interests of the kingdom in such valuable lands. The arrival of the first company of Dragons Cavalry on those distant mines dates back to 1736, preceding even the installation of Vila Boa, single village of Goyases until the early nineteenth century. Its contingent had to stand there for a minimum period of ten years, until the defensive strength of the region was properly structured, a factor for which contributed the organization of the first troops of Ordinances in 1739, and the creation of the Regiment of Auxiliary Cavalry in 1764. As the administration of the territory settled roots and began to organize their bases, Goyases’ troops influenced and were influenced by this process. Our goal in this work is to analyze the formation and strengthening of such forces regarding the consolidation of the military structure in Goiás until 1770. / O período inicial do descobrimento das minas auríferas em Goiás abarcou, além das glórias cantadas pelos escritores de sua história, as intensas disparidades tão características dos processos de gold rush. O império da ganância trouxe a necessidade do estabelecimento de forças capazes de impor a ordem e defenderem os interesses do reino em tão diletas terras. A chegada da primeira companhia de Dragões da Cavalaria naquelas distantes minas remonta a 1736, antecedendo mesmo a instalação de Vila Boa, única vila dos Goyases até o início do século XIX. Seu contingente tinha o dever de sentar praça por um período mínimo de dez anos, até que a força defensiva da região fosse devidamente estruturada, fator para o qual concorreram a organização das primeiras tropas de Ordenanças, em 1739, e a criação do Regimento de Cavalaria de Auxiliares, no ano de 1764. Na medida em que a administração do território fincava suas raízes e começava a organizar suas bases, as tropas goianas não só influenciaram como foram influenciadas por este processo. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é analisar a formação e o fortalecimento das referidas forças armadas no tocante à consolidação da estrutura militar em Goiás até 1770.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Este trabalho procura compreender a formaÃÃo da elite colonial nos SertÃes de MombaÃa, capitania do Siarà grande, no sÃculo XVIII. Para tanto, busca-se analisar quais os meios que permitiram a constituiÃÃo desta elite colonial, como a forma das concessÃes de sesmarias, as justificativas apresentadas pelos requerentes, a natureza individual ou coletiva dos pedidos, a origem social dos sesmeiros, visando identificar quais os padrÃes por eles apresentados que justificavam a referida mercÃ. Especificamente sobre os SertÃes de MombaÃa, ribeira do BanabuiÃ, hoje SertÃo Central do CearÃ, os pedidos eram justificados em sua maioria pelos serviÃos prestados nas guerras justas contra os gentios e como justificativa econÃmica da ocupaÃÃo nas fazendas de criar. Em seguida procuro analisar a constituiÃÃo e desenvolvimento histÃrico das fazendas de criar e as articulaÃÃes familiares e econÃmicas que propiciaram a formaÃÃo desta elite proprietÃria de terras, gados e escravos. / This research intends to analyze the colonial elite process of formation in the Hinterlands of MombaÃa, situated in the Captaincy of Siarà Grande, along the XVIIIth century. For this purpose, I have looked at the means that enabled the establishment of these colonial elite, such as, the grant allotments procedures, the justifications provided by its applicants, the individual or collective nature of the requests, and the social background of those who received allotments. Those aspects herein examined served to identify the patterns which were presented by the recipients to justify such endowment. Specifically about the Hinterlands of MombaÃa, located on the banks of the river Banabuià in the Hinterlands Central CearÃ, the applications were mostly justified for the military services rendered in the so-called fair-wars (Guerras Justas) against the indigenous nations and also as economic justification for the inlands occupations through the opening up cattle ranches. Then, I seek to analyze the configuration and the historical development of those cattle ranches, the family agreements and the economical joints that favored the formation of these local colonial elite whose economic strength was based on the ownership of lands, cattle and slaves.

Dentre as práticas mágicas realizadas pelos africanos e crioulos no Império Português, tiveram destaque os amuletos em formato de bolsinha contendo ingredientes que protegiam contra armas e doenças. Sua popularidade atiçou os inquisidores do Santo Oficio que a denominou bolsa de mandinga, e os confeccionadores de mandingueiros, e interpretaram a prática como uma manifestação de feitiçaria. Essa pesquisa propõe uma análise das bolsas de mandinga utilizadas nas sociedades atlânticas como resultado da recriação de tradições africanas no mundo do cativeiro e da circulação de saberes entre africanos de diferentes origens, a partir de um fundamento da cultura banto associada ao cristianismo. / Among the magical practices done by Africans and Creoles in the Portuguese Empire, we can point out charms in shape of small bags containing specific ingredients that protected against harm made by guns and illness. Their popularity intrigued the Inquisition and their agents had called them bolsa de mandinga, and the people who made them mandingueiros, interpreting those practices as manifestations of sorcery. This research tries to analyze the bolsas de mandinga utilized in the Atlantic societies as a result of the recreation of African traditions in the world of slavery and circulation of knowledge related to Africans from different origins, based in a Bantu culture associated with Christianity.