Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos do programa de educação não formal Jovem Aprendiz, desenvolvido na Costa do Sol do Estado do Rio deJaneiro, a partir da perspectiva dos jovens egressos e dos educadores. A investigação contempla a análise do Programa Jovem Aprendiz mediante a contextualização da Lei de Aprendizagem n 10.097/00 e uma discussão teórico-conceitual acerca da educação não formal, de acordo com Gohn (2003, 2005a, 2005b, 2006, 2009, 2010) e Trilla (1993; 2008), autores que contribuem com a caracterização desse tipo de educação. No que tange à abordagem das políticas públicas para a juventude, Sposito e Carrano (2003) e Corrochano (2002; 2008a; 2008b) fundamentaram a análise do objeto da pesquisa e, com base nos estudos de Sennett (2006; 2009), são analisadas as características e a heterogeneidade do mercado de trabalho na atualidade. Os resultados revelam que os jovens egressos possuem sentimento de saudosismo e uma ampliação da visão pessoal de si e agradecimento pela passagem no Programa. Os impactos do Programa foram em torno das aprendizagens para a formação humana, dentre as quais destacamos a social (GOHN, 2010), englobando valores, ética, escolhas, o aprender a ser que envolveu postura comportamental, aprender a trabalhar em grupo, saber conviver, ouvir, comunicar-se, sugerir (liberdade), proatividade; incentivou os participantes a ter objetivos, comprometimento e amadurecimento. Os educadores pontuaram as aprendizagens teórica, cultural (GOHN, 2010) e o impacto por trabalhar com a(s) juventude(s) como descobrindo na prática do dia a dia a ser educador, aprendendo a lidar com as incertezas, o processo de humanização, socialização e a singularização, o processo de escuta e acolhimento, o aprofundamento na legislação que embasa o Programa, a importância do treinamento adequado e de ter um pedagogo gerindo a equipe multidisciplinar, o aprender a otimizar o tempo. Dessa forma, a pesquisa vai ao encontro das abordagens sobre a educação não formal que a contemplam como um processo sociopolítico, cultural e pedagógico de formação para a cidadania. / This study aims to analyze the effects of a non-formal education Program developed in Costa do Sol, Rio de Janeiro from, the perspective of young graduates, both learners and educators. The investigation considers the analysis of Programa Jovem Aprendiz by means of contextualization of the Brazilian Learning Act no. 10.097/00 and a theoretical/conceptual discussion on Gohn (2003, 2005a, 2005b, 2006, 2009, 2010) and Trilla (1993; 2008) nonformal education that contribute to the characterization of this type of education. Regarding the approach to public policies for the youth, Sposito and Carrano (2003) and Corrochano (2002; 2008a; 2008b) founded the analysis of the research object, and based on Sennetts studies (2006; 2009), the labor market and the contradictions of capitalism are analyzed. The results show that youngsters are nostalgic and an extension of the personal vision of themselves and an grateful for the happening of the Program. The effects of the Program were on the learning for human education, social relationships involving values, ethics and choices, learning to be that involved behavior, learning to work in a team, knowing how to live together, listen, communicate, suggest (freedom), proactivity, avoiding mistakes, managing time, having goals and commitment, improved critical analysis, different look, maturation etc. The educators have pointed out the most significant learning, such as selfdiscovery in daily practice, learning how to deal with uncertainties, the process of humanization, socialization and singularization, the process of listening and welcoming, amore serious study of the laws that found the Program, the importance of appropriate trainingand of having an educationalist to manage the multidisciplinary team, and learning how tooptimize time. In this sense, the research confirms Gohns (2010) studies on non-formaleducation as a social, political, cultural and pedagogical process to educate for citizenship, amove towards freedom, democracy, emancipation and autonomy, because we are not readyand finished; on the contrary, we are continuously learning.

Schools in general have been digitized to a large extent and the inclusion of digital tools is becoming more and more common. The purpose of this study is to find out what different studies say about the inclusion of digital games-based learning and the impact they have on students' vocabulary learning and motivation in English teaching. It’ll also mention where the different studies have been implemented and which methods have been used. The method used in this study is a literature review that has been collected from ERIC (EBSCO), JSROR, ERIC (ProQuest), and IEEE Explore. The results showed that the implementation of digital games-based learning focusing on vocabulary learning motivates students to learn and improves their English language more than analog learning. It has also been shown that digital games have been effective in developing students' English language skills. This is because the students experience learning as enjoyable, unlike analog teaching where they feel analog learning takes place within a strict framework. The conclusion of this study shows that the students gain increased motivation and interest in learning English as a foreign/second language through digital games.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Young learners with reading and writing difficulties cannot reach their full potential in school. Teachers, parents and illustrators of children’s books cannot assume the efficacy of illustrations as an aid in developing reading skills as a matter of course. Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory explains perceptual diversity. Illustrations, as varied visual contexts, can be interpreted in different ways and, therefore, also provoke different meanings. The thesis proposes that the young learner should be provided with a diversity of visual stimulants. The thesis proposes that such visual stimulants comprise multiple characterising in illustrated form. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jong leerders met lees- en skryfprobleme kan nie hul volle potensiaal bereik nie. Onderwysers, ouers en illustreerders van kinderboeke kan nie die effektiwiteit van illustrasies as hulpmiddel in die ontwikkeling van leesvaardighede as vanselfsprekend aanvaar nie. Pierre Bourdieu se habitusteorie verduidelik perseptuele verskille in die registrasie van beeld en teks. Illustrasies, as gevarieerde visuele kontekste kan op verskillende maniere geïnterpreteer word en daarom roep dit verskillende betekenisse op. Die tesis stel voor dat die jong leerder variasies in visuele stimulante behoort te ontvang. Die tesis stel ook voor dat sodanige visuele stimulante multikarakterisering in geïllustreerde vorm behels.

A foreign language teaching method called Total Physical Response is described in the theoretical part. The originator proposes the method for any age group; despite the fact, the use of the method changes in different age groups, due to cognitive development of students and their level of English. The practical part shows opinions of present English teachers in Poděbrady and its neighborhood about usage of the method in their lessons.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Lorandi Honorato de Ornellas.pdf: 490677 bytes, checksum: bb456f67c878c026f0bfa74e2bee620c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As part of the research project entitled Teacher´s education staff for Teaching and Learning English to children coordinated by Professora Dra. Rosinda de Castro Guerra Ramos, the aim of this study is to investigate the representations English teachers that work in public and private schools have about English language teaching-learning to first years of The Elementary School (first to fifth years), about this teacher and about this student. This case study examined the representations of ten English teachers that teach to the first grades in public and private schools about this teaching-learning process and the roles of students and teachers. Data were collected by questionnaires. The theoretical framework is constituted by the social representation theory, based on Moscovici (2005), by some teaching-learning concepts (WILLIAMS & BURDEN, 1997; MIZUKAMI, 1986) and by some principles on teaching-learning to children (PINTER, 2006; CAMERON, 2003; 2001; MOON, 2000; HALIWELL, 1992; SCOTT & YTREBERG, 1990). The results of this study showed that despite of working in different contexts (public and private school) teachers´ representations are the same. Their differences are related to the workplace and to the pedagogical materials they use. The representations also confirmed the need for teacher education in order to teach children as demonstrated in other studies (SANTOS, 2009, for example). Like the theories about teaching to children, teachers´ representations about this teaching-learning showed the importance of oral skills and fun and game activities. However the way teachers represent the work with speaking and reading skills doesn´t agree with the theories. In addition, the data also showed that teachers´ representations about the teacher and its role see the teacher as someone who motivate and manage the classes and as a person who worries about the emotion and the affectivity. Finally, the data showed that teacher´s representation about the student see the student as someone that is curious, motivate, that likes activities involving movement, play and games and that need to be beloved. Besides, these representations reinforce the main role of the affectivity and emotion in the teacher-student-object relationship / Como parte do projeto de pesquisa denominado Formação de professores para o ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês para crianças , este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar que representações professores de Inglês, de escolas públicas e particulares, que ministram aulas para o 1º ao 5º anos têm sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sobre o professor que leciona Inglês para esse segmento e sobre o aluno que frequenta o Ensino Fundamental I. Este estudo de caso identificou as representações de dez professores que lecionam Inglês para o Ensino Fundamental I, em escolas públicas e particulares sobre esse processo de ensinoaprendizagem e os papéis do professor e do aluno. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados questionários. Este estudo se fundamenta no conceito de Representações Sociais proposto por Moscovici (2005); nas concepções de ensino-aprendizagem apresentadas por Williams & Burden (1997) e Mizukami (1986) e nas questões relacionadas ao ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês para crianças apresentadas por Pinter (2006), Cameron (2003; 2001), Moon (2000), Haliwell (1992) e Scott & Ytreberg (1990). Os resultados mostram que, apesar de pertencentes a contextos diferentes, os professores das escolas públicas compartilham as mesmas representações dos professores das escolas particulares. O que os diferencia são as instalações e os recursos pedagógicos dos quais dispõem em cada contexto. Este estudo também confirmou, nas representações dos professores, a necessidade de formação para se lecionar para crianças, corroborando estudos como o de Santos (2009). Além disso, os dados mostram que as representações dos professores sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês condizem com as teorias sobre ensinoaprendizagem de Inglês para crianças no que diz respeito à valorização das habilidades de falar e ouvir, no entanto, o modo como concebem esse trabalho não condiz com as teorias. Além disso, as representações dos professores convergem com as teorias de ensino para crianças quanto à importância de atividades lúdicas. Este estudo ainda demonstrou que as representações dos professores, acerca do professor e seu papel, concebem o professor como um motivador, um gerenciador e um facilitador e como aquele que se preocupa com a emoção e a afetividade. Por fim, os resultados mostram que os professores representam o aluno como um sujeito curioso, motivado, que gosta de atividades que envolvam o lúdico e movimentos e que necessita sentir-se querido e acolhido, reiterando a importância da afetividade e da emoção na relação professor-aluno-objeto do conhecimento

Abstract Since 2005, it has been government policy in Taiwan to introduce English in Grade 3 of primary schooling (when learners are generally age 9). The overall aim of this research project was to investigate some of the problems associated with the implementation of this policy by combining research involving teacher cognition with research involving the criterion-referenced analysis of a sample of textbooks produced in Taiwan for young learners and a sample of lessons taught in Taiwanese primary schools. A questionnaire-based survey of a sample of teachers of English in Taiwanese primary schools (166 respondents) was conducted, focusing on teacher background and training, views about national and local policies, approaches to course content, methodology and teaching resources, and perceptions of their own proficiency in English and of their own training needs. Only 46 (27%) of the respondents reported that they had a qualification specific to the teaching of English and 41 (25%) reported that they had neither a qualification in teaching English nor a general primary teaching qualification. Many expressed dissatisfaction with the implementation of policies relating to the teaching of English at national level (46/ 29%), local level (39/24%) and in their own school (28/17%). Although many reported that the availability of resources (125/ 75%) and/ or student interest (101/ 61%) played a role in determining what they taught, none reported that the national curriculum guidelines did so. Although official policy in Taiwan endorses the use of 'communicative language teaching', only 103 (62%) of respondents reported that their own approach was communicatively-oriented, with 18 (11%) observing that they preferred grammar-translation. A more in-depth survey relating to teacher perception of pre- and in-service training was conducted using a questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Although all 10 participants in this survey are officially classified as being trained to teach English in Taiwanese primary schools, the type and extent of their training varied widely and all of them expressed dissatisfaction with that training, noting that they had no confidence in the trainers' own competence in teaching English to young learners. All claimed that critical issues were either omitted altogether or dealt with in a superficial way. One contextual factor that has a significant impact on teacher performance in Taiwan is the quality of the textbooks that are generally available. A sample of textbooks (3 different series) produced in Taiwan was analysed and evaluated, the analysis revealing that the materials were often poorly organised, inappropriately selected and illustrated, contextually inappropriate. Finally, from a sample of twenty videotaped English lessons taught to students in primary schools in Taiwan, six that were considered to be typical were transcribed, analysed and evaluated in relation to criteria derived from a review of literature on teaching effectiveness. All of these lessons were found to be characterised by problems in a number of areas, including lesson focus, lesson staging, concept introduction, concept checking, and the setting up and conducting activities. It is concluded that the implementation of official policy on the teaching of English in primary schools in Taiwan is fraught with problems, problems that are evident at every stage in the process, from teacher education, through materials design to lesson planning and delivery.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the educational games as a technique in the preschool-level English vocabulary learning of four year-olds. A true-experimental study design, specifically randomized pre-test, post-test control group design, was adopted. The sample was 33 private preschool children who were four years old. There were 17 females and 16 males in total. Data collection instrument was the 24-item English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Vocabulary Performance checklist prepared in accordance with the Total Physical Response (TPR) lessons&rsquo / content by the researcher. A pilot study, reliability and validity checks were done. In a four-week period, totally 24 vocabulary items were presented with picture cards by using Total Physical Response Method to both groups. In the experimental group, picture vocabulary games were used additionally while the control group did not receive picture vocabulary games. At the end, independent-samples t-test was conducted and the results indicated a significant difference in English Vocabulary achievement in favor of the experimental group which was taught by the educational picture vocabulary games with a large effect size. In addition, whether or not there was a gender effect on learning vocabularies of English as a foreign language with picture vocabulary games in the experimental group and without picture vocabulary games in the control group was investigated by means of t-tests. As a result, non-significant gender effect was found for both experimental and control group in learning English vocabulary. Upon understanding the remarkable effectiveness of the picture vocabulary games on English language learning for four year-olds, it can be implied that more picture vocabulary games should be devised for very young learners by the experts for the classroom use and the number of the books about educational vocabulary games should be increased. Furthermore, policy makers ought to prepare English as a foreign language curriculum including games for early childhood education programs, and integrate a new course about teaching English to very young learners into foreign language teacher training and education programs of the universities for pre-service teachers in the scope of a national foreign language policy.

This paper studies how peer assessment is used as a strategy to improve young learners' results in Swedish as a school subject. Nine teachers are interviewed about their use of the method on 7-12-year-old pupils. Comparisons are made between the interviews and Swedish and international discussion on peer assessment. There are similarities between the practice of the teachers and what is said in the litterature about the method and its advantages and drawbacks. The teachers tend to emphasize the social aspects more, though. They also point to adjustments necessary to make the method function in groups of different kinds. Of feedback methods, they seem to prefer "Two stars and a wish" to others.

Nowadays children{\crq}s free time is filled up with watching TV and working on computer. Being out on the fresh air doesn{\crq}t attract most of them. For that reason there is an increase in number of children who suffer from various health troubles. And that{\crq}s why my diploma thesis deals with the possible influence upon the correct body posture and mental state of young learners through the dancing activities, providing that the children do them regularly. Theoretical part includes not only characteristic of motor development of young learners, human body, and folklore dancing and its relation to the present but also characteristic of used test methods. The research part is focused on analysis of used psychological and physiological tests. The tests were used at three groups of children during six months. The main aim was to find out if there is any improvement in the mental state through the regular dancing activities at the young learners.

The thesis deals with problems of teaching foreign languages to children of an early age. In the theoretical part, opinions of specialists in this subject are compared. It tries to provide an evidence for a succees of an early start of education. It is based on present requirements for language skills which are important for us to succeed as inhabitants of the European Union and to be able to win our recognition and acknowledgement in the world. In the practical part, there are examples of projects organized by international educational programmes. It refers to their contribution and emphasizes the possibility of using modern information technologies. The thesis highlights successful models of bilingual education in borderlands which could also become an inspiration for other regions.