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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Surface coating of macrophage-regulatory zymosan polysaccharides for enhanced osseointegration on dental implants

Shi, Yu Chen January 2018 (has links)
University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
2

Efeito de fra??es obtidas da fucoidana de Fucus vesiculosus em modelo experimental de artrite induzida por Zymosan

Cardoso, Maria Leila 15 June 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLC.pdf: 493490 bytes, checksum: ba60f2812dd358a875dfd794b36dacc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus is known for having diverse biological properties. This study analyzed the therapeutic action of populations of commercial fucoidan (F. vesiculosus) on zymosan-induced arthritis. Three populations of fucoidan were obtained after acetone fractionation; these were denominated F1 (52.3%), F2 (36.7%) and F3 (10.7%). Chemical analyses showed that F1 contained the largest amount of sulfate ion. The electrophoretic profile shows that the commercial or total fucoidan (TF), different from the other fucoidans and from glycosaminoglycan patterns, is quite polydisperse, which indicates that it is composed of a mixture of sulfate polysaccharides. On the other hand, the fucoidans obtained from TF showed only an electrophoretic band with much lower polydispersion than that observed for TF. Fucoidan F2 showed a migration between fucoidans F1 and F3. Owing to the small amount of mass obtained from F3, we used only fucoidans F1 and F2 in the induced arthritis tests. After 1 hour of induction, we administered F1 or F2 (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) or diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg i.p.) or lumiracoxib (5 mg/kg o.a.) or L-NAME (30 mg/kg i.p.). After 6 hours, we performed analyses of cell influx and nitrite levels in addition to histopathological analysis. Fucoidans F1 and F2 were more potent both in decreasing the number of leukocytes and the amount of nitric oxide found in the synovial fluid. This indicates that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these fucoidans is not only related to selectin block, but also to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition / A fucoidana de Fucus vesiculosus ? conhecida por exibir fun??es biol?gicas diversas. Este trabalho analisou a a??o terap?utica de popula??es obtidas da fucoidana comercial (F. vesiculosus) no modelo de artrite induzida por zymosan. Ap?s fracionamento com acetona obteve-se tr?s popula??es de fucoidana que foram denominadas de fucoidanas F1 (52,3%), F2 (36,7%) e F3 (10,7%). As an?lises qu?micas demonstraram que F1, dentre as fucoidanas obtidas, foi a que apresentou a maior quantidade do ?on sulfato. O perfil eletrofor?tico mostra que a fucoidana comercial ou total (FT), diferente das outras fucoidanas e dos padr?es de glicosaminoglicanos, se mostrou bastante polidisperso, o que indicou que essa ? constitu?da por uma mistura de polissacar?deos sulfatados. Por outro lado, as fucoidanas obtidas a partir de FT mostraram apenas uma banda eletrofor?tica com uma polidispers?o bem menor do que aquela observada para FT. A fucoidana F2 apresentou uma migra??o intermedi?ria entre as fucoidanas F1 e F3. Devido a pequena quantidade de massa obtida de F3, utilizou-se apenas as fucoidanas F1 e F2 nos ensaios da artrite induzida. Ap?s 1 hora da indu??o foram administradas F1 ou F2 (10, 25 e 50 mg/Kg i.p) ou diclofenaco s?dico (10 mg/Kg i.p) ou lumiracoxibe (5 mg/Kg v.o) ou L-NAME (30 mg/Kg i.p). Ap?s 6 h, foram realizadas as an?lises do influxo celular e n?veis de nitrito e a an?lise histopatol?gica. As fucoidanas F1 e F2 foram mais potentes tanto na diminui??o do n?mero de leuc?citos, quanto na quantidade de oxido n?trico encontrado no lavado. O que indica que o mecanismo antiinflamat?rio dessas fucoidanas n?o est? s? relacionado com o bloqueio das selectinas, mas tamb?m com a inibi??o da s?ntese do oxido n?trico
3

AÃÃo anti-nociceptiva do renaleto de estrÃncio na hipernocicepÃÃo inflamatÃria induzido por zymosan na articulaÃÃo temporomandibular de ratos envolve a inibiÃÃo de tnfα / Anti-nociceptive action of strontium ranelate in zymosan-induced temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats involves TNF-a inhibition but not IL-1β inhibition neither HO-1 pathway activation

Sheila Moreira Alves 10 February 2015 (has links)
Os distÃrbios na articulaÃÃo temporomandibular (ATM) estÃo associados com dor inflamatÃria. O ranelato de estrÃncio à utilizado no tratamento da osteoporose. Embora o mecanismo de aÃÃo de ranelato nÃo esteja elucidado, hà provas de seu efeito analgÃsico. Investigamos a eficÃcia do Ranelato na hipernocicepÃÃo inflamatÃria induzido pelo zymosan na ATM de ratos, avaliando o envolvimento TNF-α, IL-1β, e hemeoxygenase-1. Ratos Wistar foram tratados previamente com Ranelato (0,5, 5 ou 50 mg / kg) antes da injeÃÃo de zymosan na ATM. O Teste de Von Frey foi utilizado para avaliar hipernocicepÃÃo. ApÃs a injeÃÃo de zymosan o lavado sinovial foi recolhido para a contagem de leucÃcitos e dosagem de mieloperoxidase; tecido periarticular e no gÃnglio trigeminal foram retirados para anÃlise histopatolÃgica (H & E), e dosagem dos nÃveis de TNF-α e IL-1β (ELISA). Para imuno-histoquÃmica, secÃÃes da ATM foram submetidas ao anticorpo de TNF-α e IL-1β. AlÃm disso, os ratos foram tratados com ZnPP-IX (3 mg / kg), um inibidor especÃfico da enzima hemeoxigenase-1 (HO-1), antes do Ranelato (0,5 mg / kg). AlÃm disso, Azul de Evans (5 mg / kg) foi administrado para avaliar o extravasamento plasmÃtico. Ranelato aumentou o limiar nociceptivo. Embora Ranelato nÃo foi capaz de reduzir a contagem de leucÃcitos, a atividade da mieloperoxidase, o extravasamento de azul de Evans, os nÃveis de IL-1β, imunomarcaÃÃo de IL-1β, foi eficaz na reduÃÃo dos nÃveis de TNF-α. AlÃm disso, ZnPP-IX nÃo alterou a eficÃcia do Ranelato. Ranelato parece exercer seus efeitos de reduzir nociceptivos por meio da reduÃÃo de TNF-α no gÃnglio trigeminal. AlÃm disso, o efeito anti-nociceptivo do ranelato independe de IL-1β e HO-1. / Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are associated with inflammatory pain. Strontium ranelate is used in osteoporosis. Though the mechanism of action of Ranelate is unclear, there is evidence of its analgesic effect. We investigate Ranelate efficacy in zymosan-induced TMJ hypernociception in rats evaluating TNF-, IL-1β, and hemeoxygenase-1 involvement. Wistar rats were pretreated with Ranelate (0.5, 5 or 50mg/kg) before zymosan injection in TMJ. Von Frey test was used to evaluate hypernociception. After zymosan injection synovial lavage was collected for leukocyte counting and myeloperoxidase measurement; joint tissue and trigeminal ganglion for histopathological analysis (H&E), and TNF-/IL-1β levels dosage (ELISA). To immunohistochemistry, TMJ sections were subjected to both TNF-/IL-1β antibody. Also, rats were treated with ZnPP-IX (3 mg/kg), a specific HO-1 inhibitor, before Ranelate (0.5 mg/kg). Further, Evans Blue (5 mg/kg) was administered to assess plasma extravasation. Ranelate increased the nociceptive threshold. Although Ranelate was not able to reduce leukocyte counting, myeloperoxidase activity, Evans Blue extravasation, IL-1β levels, and TNF-/IL-1 immunolabeling, it was effective in reducing TNF- levels. Further, ZnPP-IX did not changed Ranelate efficacy. Ranelate may achieve its nociceptive-alleviating effects through reducing TNF- levels in trigeminal ganglion. Further, the Ranelate anti-nociceptive effect is IL-1 and HO-1-independent.
4

AÃÃo antiinflamatÃria da lectina de semente de dioclea violacea na artrite induzida por zymosan / Anti-inflammatory action of the lectina of seed of violacea dioclea in the induced artrite for zymosan

Luciana BrandÃo Paim 06 July 2006 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Lectinas de origem vegetal inibem quimiotaxia neutrofÃlica, provavelmente por aÃÃo competitiva com selectinas endÃgenas por um sÃtio glicosÃdico na membrana de cÃlulas endoteliais, leucÃcitos ou em componentes da matrix extracelular. Exploramos os efeitos de lectina isolada de sementes de Dioclea violacea (Dviol) na artrite induzida por zymosan (Azy). Ratos Wistar (180 a 220g) receberam injeÃÃo intra-articular (i.a.) de zymosan (Zy) (1mg) no joelho direito. A hiperalgesia foi avaliada pelo teste de incapacitaÃÃo articular, medido pelo tempo de suspensÃo da pata (TSP) em s/min. O influxo celular (IC) foi medido no lavado articular, obtido 6 h apÃs a injeÃÃo do Zy, por lavagem e aspiraÃÃo da articulaÃÃo. Grupos foram prÃ-tratados (30 min) antes do Zy com Dviol (1 - 30 Âg; i.a. ou 1 - 10mg/kg; e.v.), sendo comparados ao grupo nÃo-tratado (NT), que recebeu apenas Zy e o veÃculo. Outros grupos receberam apenas Dviol (0,3- 30 Âg) i.a. e o grupo Naive, apenas salina i.a. A administraÃÃo de Dviol (6mg/kg; e.v.), reduziu significantemente (p<0,01) a hiperalgesia (TSP= 14,08  1,4) quando comparado ao NT (TSP= 36,06  3,3). A injeÃÃo endovenosa de Dviol inibiu o IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 14.633,3  3.207,2; 2.790  503,3 e 120  37,4 cÃlulas/mm3 para 1, 3, 6 e 10mg de Dviol, respectivamente) quando comparados ao NT (37.583,3  6.007,2 cÃlulas/mm3). A administraÃÃo i.a. de apenas Dviol (30 Âg) aumentou significativamente o TSP (15,5  0,9), em relaÃÃo ao NV. Dviol i.a. isolada (0,3 a 30; Âg), aumentou significantemente o IC (3.600  676; 4.958,3  1037,2 e 8.350  1.511,5 cÃlulas/mm3 para lectina 0,3; 3 e 30, respectivamente), comparado ao NV (858,3  389,5 cÃlulas/mm3). Dviol (10 Âg; i.a.), 30 min antes da injeÃÃo do Zy, inibiu significantemente a hiperalgesia (TSP = 20,15  2,2) (p<0,01), em relaÃÃo ao NT (TSP= 35,9  2,7). Dviol i.a. (1, 10 e 30&#956;g) reduziu significantemente o IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 11.366,7  2.883,7 e 19.866,7  1.783,4 cÃlulas/mm3, respectivamente), comparado ao NT. A administraÃÃo e.v. de Dviol (6 mg/kg) + manose (0,1M), reverteu a inibiÃÃo da Dviol na hiperalgesia (TSP= 38,4  4,4) (P<0,01) e no IC (15200  1829,7 cÃlulas/mm3) da AZy, em relaÃÃo a Dviol (6mg/kg;e.v.) (TSP= 14,08  1,4 e IC= 2.790  503,3 cÃlulas/mm3). Os resultados demonstram, de maneira inÃdita, que a lectina de semente de Dviol tem aÃÃo antiinflamatÃria em artrite experimental. Esse efeito parece ser prioritariamente associado à ligaÃÃo da Dviol a sÃtios de polissacarÃdeos intra-articulares, embora nÃo possamos descartar que a ligaÃÃo a domÃnios protÃicos possa estar envolvida nessa aÃÃo / Plant-derived lectins inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, probably through a competitive mechanism with endogenous selectins for a glycosidic residue in the membrane of endothelial cells, leukocytes or in components of the extracellular matrix. We investigated the effects of a lectin isolated from Dioclea violacea (Dviol) seeds in the zymosan-induced arthritis (Azy). Wistar rats (180 a 220g) received an intraarticular (i.a.) injection of 1 mg zymosan (Zy) into the right knee. The hyperalgesia was evaluated with the test for articular incapacitation, measured as the paw elevation time (PET) in s/1min. Cell influx (IC) was assessed in the joint exudate, obtained 6 h after injection of the Zy, through washing and aspiration of the joint. Groups were pretreated 30min before the Zy with Dviol (1 - 30 Âg; i.a. ou 1 - 10mg/kg; e.v.), and were compared to non-treated groups (NT), that received the Zy and the vehicle. Others groups received only Dviol (0,3 - 30Âg; i.a. and the naÃve animals (NV) received just saline i.a. The i.v. administration of Dviol (6mg/kg) significantly reduced the hyperalgesia (p<0.01) (PET= 14,08  1,4) as compared to NT (PET= 36,06  3,3). The i.v. injection of Dviol inhibited IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 14.633,3  3.207,2; 2.790  503,3 e 120  37,4 cells/mm3 for the 1, 3, 6, and 10mg doses of Dviol, respectively). Dviol given i.a. isolated (30Âg) increased PET (15,5  0,9) significantly, as compared to NV. Dviol i.a. isolated (0,3 - 30 Âg) significantly increased IC (3.600  676; 4.958,3  1037,2 e 8.350  1.511,5 cells/mm3 for 0,3, 3 e 30 Âg, respectively), as compared to NV (858,3  389,5 cells/mm3). Dviol (10 Âg i.a.) given 30min before the Zy significantly inhibited the hyperalgesia (PET = 20,15  2,2) (p<0.01), as compared to NT (TSP= 9,9 Â1,2). Dviol i.a. (1, 10, and 30&#956;g) significantly reduced IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 11.366,7  2.883,7 e 19.866,7  1.783,4 cells/mm3, respectively), as compared to NT. The i.v. administration of Dviol (6 mg/kg) + manose reversed the inhibitory action of Dviol in the hyperalgesia (PET= 38,4  4,4) (P<0.01) and in the IC (15200  1829,7 cells/mm3) of the AZy, as compared to Dviol (6mg/kg; i.v.) (TEP= 14,08  1,4 and IC= 2.790  503,3 cells/mm3). The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the lectin isolated from Dviol has anti-inflammatory effect in an experimental arthritis model. This effect appears to be prominently due to the coupling of Dviol to intrarticular polysaccharide residues. However, we can not exclude that coupling to protein residues may be also involved in this mechanism
5

Efeito anti-inflamatório do laser de baixa potência na artrite induzida por zymosan

Anjos, Lúcia Mara Januário dos 26 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-27T18:38:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luciajanuariodosanjos.pdf: 2619797 bytes, checksum: 9cd633cb6127c04853743312e85b9a1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-28T12:13:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luciajanuariodosanjos.pdf: 2619797 bytes, checksum: 9cd633cb6127c04853743312e85b9a1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T12:13:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luciajanuariodosanjos.pdf: 2619797 bytes, checksum: 9cd633cb6127c04853743312e85b9a1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A artrite é uma desordem músculo esquelética, caracterizada por inflamação das articulações e que apresenta importante impacto socioeconômico, uma vez que é observada em diversas patologias reumáticas, como na artrite reumatóide (AR), doença autoimune crônica, associada à incapacidade motora e laboral dos pacientes. As estratégias atuais para o tratamento da AR objetivam o alívio dos sintomas e modificação do curso degenerativo da doença, mas podem apresentar sérios efeitos colaterais e nem sempre resultam em melhora clínica. Neste contexto, a utilização de laser de baixa potência surge como alternativa não invasiva para o tratamento da artrite, devido as suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e de regeneração tecidual. Entretanto, os mecanismos anti-inflamatórios do laser nos tecidos biológicos ainda não estão completamente conhecidos. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos anti-inflamatórios de lasers terapêuticos de baixa potência num processo inflamatório induzido, o qual se assemelha a AR. Para isso, um processo inflamatório foi induzido nas articulações talocrural e subtalar dos dois membros posteriores de camundongos C57BL/6, utilizando uma injeção de zymosan na região periarticular. Os animais foram divididos em 8 grupos (n=6): (I) controle, (II) zymosan, (III) eutanasiado 5h após indução com zymosan, (IV) zymosan+dexametasona, (V) laser 3J/cm2, (VI) laser 30J/cm2, (VII) zymosan+laser 3J/cm2, (VIII) zymosan+laser 30J/cm2. As condições do laser de baixa potência foram: λ=830nm (infravermelho), potência 10mW e fluências de 3J/cm2 e 30J/cm2, no modo contínuo de emissão da luz. A irradiação foi realizada durante 4 dias consecutivos, iniciando 5 horas após a indução a inflamação pelo zymosan. Vinte quatro horas após a última aplicação do laser, os animais foram eutanasiados e suas articulações encaminhadas para as seguintes análises: (a) análise morfológica, (b) análise de fragmentação de DNA por TUNEL e (c) análise da expressão de genes que codificam proteínas relacionadas às vias apoptóticas por PCR em tempo real. As análises morfológicas revelaram à presença de infiltrado celular inflamatório no tecido conjuntivo adjacente a região periarticular, em todos os grupos que receberam zymosan. Esse infiltrado diminuiu consideravelmente após a irradiação do laser na fluência de 30J/cm2. Para os dois grupos irradiados com laser, observou-se a elevação na taxa de apoptose somente nas células do infiltrado inflamatório, resultado este corroborado pelo aumento da expressão de genes que codificam proteínas associadas tanto pela via extrínseca como pela via intrínseca da apoptose. A resolução do processo inflamatório para o grupo Zy+3J/cm2 foi mais lenta do que a observada no grupo Zy+30J/cm2, uma vez que, após o término do tratamento, foram observadas elevada densidade celular e taxa de fragmentação de DNA nas células inflamatórias. Com isso, o laser de baixa potência, em especial na fluência de 30J/cm2, foi capaz de reduzir o infiltrado inflamatório na região periarticular, acelerando o processo apoptótico dessas células. A utilização do laser infravermelho de baixa potência pode ser uma boa alternativa para o tratamento de desordens inflamatórias articulares, uma vez que é um método não invasivo. Adicionalmente, esse tipo de tratamento não demonstrou efeitos colaterais nos demais tecidos adjacentes sadios, atuando especialmente nas células inflamatórias. / Arthritis is a muscle skeletal disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints, which has a significant socioeconomic impact, as observed in various rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic autoimmune disease associated with patients motor incapacity. Current strategies for the treatment of RA aim to relieve symptoms and modifying the degenerative course of the disease, but may have serious side effects and not always result in clinical improvement. In this context, the use of low-power laser therapy appears as non-invasive alternative for the arthritis treatment due to their anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration properties. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the laser in biological tissues are not completely understood. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of therapeutic low-power lasers in an induced inflammatory process, which resembles RA. An inflammatory process was induced in the talocrural and subtalar joints of the two rear paws of C57BL/6 using a zymosan injection in the periarticular region. The animals were divided into 8 groups (n = 6): (I) control, (II) zymosan, (III) euthanized 5 hours after induction with zymosan (IV) zymosan + dexamesona, (V) laser 3J/cm2 (VI ) laser 30J/cm2 (VII) + zymosan laser 3J/cm2 (VIII) laser zymosan + 30J/cm2. The low power laser conditions were: λ = 830 nm (infrared), 10mW power and fluences of 3 J/cm2 and 30J/cm2 at continuous mode of light emission. Irradiation was carried out for 4 consecutive days, starting 5 hours after inflammation-induced by zymosan. Twenty four hours after the last application of the laser, the animals were euthanized, their joints dissected and distributed: (a) morphological analysis, (b) DNA fragmentation analysis by TUNEL and (c) expression analysis of genes encoding proteins related to apoptotic pathways by real time PCR. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate in the adjacent connective tissue of periarticular region for all groups that received zymosan. This infiltration decreased significantly after laser irradiation using 30J/cm2 fluence. Both groups irradiated demonstrated DNA fragmentation rate incresed and only observed in inflammatory cells. DNA fragmentation is usually observed to cell death by apoptosis. This result is corroborated by expression increase of genes that encode proteins associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The inflammatory process resolution for Zy+3J/cm2 group was slower than Zy+30J/cm2, since it was observed high cell density and DNA fragmentation rate in inflammatory cells. Thus, the low-power laser, particularly in 30J/cm2 fluence, could reduce the inflammatory infiltration in periarticular area, accelerating the inflammatory cells apoptosis. The use of low power infrared laser can be a good alternative for inflammatory joint disorders treatment, since it is a noninvasive method. Additionally, this type of treatment did not show side effects on other healthy surrounding tissues, acting especially in inflammatory cells.
6

Regulation of MONOCYTE NADPH OXIDASE:Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors

Elsori, Deena H. 22 September 2009 (has links)
No description available.
7

Efeito do Fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus em um modelo experimental de artrite reumat?ide

Xavier, Caroline Addison Carvalho 11 October 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolineACX.pdf: 623551 bytes, checksum: 6aed4455120c14dc04af31815ec90ea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is systemic auto imune disorder. It is caracterized by chronic inflammation of joints leading to progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. We investigated the effect of the administration of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, from algae Fucus vesiculosus in the acute (6h) in zymosan-induced arthritis (AZy). Wistar rats (180-230 g) were used for all groups experimental. Non-treated animals received just intraarticular injection of 1 mg the zymosan, control group received intraarticular injection of 50 ?L the saline, groups received either fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus (15, 30, 50 or 70 mg/Kg) or parecoxib (1 mg/Kg) 1 hour after injection of zymosan. After 6 h, the articular exudates were collected for evaluation of the cell influx and nitrite (Griess reaction) release. The sinovial membranes and articular cartilages were excised for histopathological analysis and by determination of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), respectively. ZyA led to increased NO and cell influx into the joints. Therapeutic administration of the fucoidan or parecoxib did significantly inhibited the cell influx and the synovitis, as compared to non-treated rats (p<0,05), though being able to reduced NO release. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis of the GAGs, the content of condroitin-sulphate was observed during the process. These findings suggest that the fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus has potential anti-inflammatory activity / A artrite reumat?ide (AR) ? uma doen?a auto-imune sist?mica, caracterizada por inflama??o cr?nica das articula??es, resultando em progressiva eros?o cartilaginosa e ?ssea. Neste trabalho foi investigado o efeito da administra??o do fucoidam, polissacar?deos sulfatados, da alga marinha Fucus vesiculosus na fase aguda (6h) da artrite induzida por zymosan (AZy). Ratos Wistar (180-230 g) foram utilizados para todos os grupos experimentais. Animais n?o tratados receberam apenas 1 mg de zymosan intraarticular (i.a), o grupo controle recebeu 50 ?L de solu??o salina intraarticular (i.a.), os outros grupos receberam fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus (15, 30, 50 ou 70 mg/Kg,) ou parecoxib (1 mg/Kg), por via intraperitoneal (i.p.) 1 hora ap?s a inje??o de zymosan (i.a.). Ap?s 6 h, o exsudato articular foi coletado para an?lises do influxo celular e libera??o de nitrito (reagente de Griess). As membranas sinoviais e as cartilagens articulares foram retiradas para an?lises histopatol?gicas e para a determina??o dos glicosaminoglicanos, respectivamente. A AZy caracterizou-se por libera??o aumentada de NO e influxo de c?lulas inflamat?rias, nas juntas. A administra??o terap?utica do fucoidam ou parecoxib inibiu (p<0,05) o influxo celular, a libera??o de ?xido n?trico e a sinovite, comparado ao grupo n?o tratado. Por eletroforese em gel de agarose e tamp?o PDA 0,05M pH9,0 foi observado bandas com migra??es semelhantes ao condroitim sulfato (CS). Estes resultados sugerem que o fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus tem um potencial anti-inflamat?rio
8

Experimental model of temporomandibular joint arthritis induced by zymozan in rats and the study of the role of nitric oxide / PadronizaÃÃo de modelo experimental de artrite na articulaÃÃo temporomandibular induzida por zymozan em ratos e estudo do papel do Ãxido nÃtrico

HellÃada Vasconcelos Chaves 11 July 2006 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Temproromandibular disfunction (TMD) is related to a masticatory system disfunction which can include the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and/or other related structures. TMJ inflammatory disorders are one of the major pathology of TMD afecting a great number of patients. Although TMJÂs inflammation and pain are important cinical entities, their mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to propose an experimetnal model of TMJÂs arthritis to study its patophysiological mechanisms and inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO). Female Wistar rats (160-220 g) were used to the study. To induct TMJÂs arthritis, zymosan 40 microL (Zy: 0,25; 0,5; 1 ou 2 mg) was injected into left TMJ. The animals were sacrified in times 3 h, 6 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 e 21 days. Nitric oxide syntase inhibitors L-NAME (10, 30 e 100 mg/kg i.p.) or 1400W (0,5 e 1 mg/kg s.c.) were administered 30 min before TMJÂs arthritis induction. Leucocyte influx count in the sinovial fluid, vascular permability study using Evans blue dye extravasation, myeloperoxidase assay (MPO), NO production determination using Griess reaction, histopatological analyisis and imunohystochemical for induced NO synthase (iNOS) were utilized as parameters of this sutudy. It was observed that Zy (2 mg) induced significantly increase in leucocyte influx count (p<0,05), Evans blue dyeÂs extravasation (p<0,05), myeloperoxidase activity (p<0,05) and NO dosage (p<0,05) compared with control group 6 h after TMJ arthritis induction. Histopatological analysis of TMJ of Zy injected animals showed inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial membrane (SM), in conective periarticular tissue, in squeletic muscle tissue and thickness of SM in 6 h after TMJ arthritis. On the 10th day after TMJ arthritis, the TMJ remain showing leucocyte infiltration to synovial membrane (SM), to conective periarticular tissue, to squeletic muscle tissue and thickness of SM, as well as fibrosis of SM and articular disc. On the 21st d after TMJ arthritis, it was observed cell influx only to SM, showing, however, thickness of SM and the major fibrosis of SM, articular cartilage, conective periarticular tissue and articular disc. TMJÂs imunohistochemistry reaction for iNOS showed increase iNOSÂs expression in animals with TMJÂs arthritis compared to the control group. L-NAME 100 mg/kg and 1400W 1 mg/kg reduced the increase in leucocyte count in the synovial fluid, the Evans blue dye extravasation, the histopatological alterations, and reduced the iNOS expression after imunohistochemistry reaction for iNOS 6 h after TMJ arthritis. These results sugest that this experimental model can be used to study TMJ arthritis, and that NO can participate in the physiopathological mechanisms of TMD. / DisfunÃÃo temporomandibular (DTM) à um distÃrbio relacionado à funÃÃo do sistema mastigatÃrio que acomete as articulaÃÃes temporomandibulares (ATM), os mÃsculos mastigatÃrios e/ou estruturas associadas. As desordens inflamatÃrias na ATM classificam-se como uma das quatro classes de DTM, estando presente em um grande nÃmero de pacientes. Embora a inflamaÃÃo e a dor nas estruturas articulares sejam entidades clÃnicas importantes, seus mecanismos sÃo pouco compreendidos. Objetivamos montar modelo experimental de artrite na ATM para estudar a fisiopatologia da doenÃa e a participaÃÃo de mediadores inflamatÃrios como Ãxido nÃtrico (NO). Foram utilizados ratos Wistar fÃmeas (160-220 g) nos quais se injetou 40 microlitros de zymosan (Zy: 0,25; 0,5; 1 ou 2 mg) na ATM esquerda dos animais para induÃÃo de artrite. Esses animais foram sacrificados nos tempos de 3 h, 6 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 e 21 dias. Utilizaram-se inibidores da sÃntese de Ãxido nÃtrico L-NAME (10, 30 e 100 mg/kg i.p.) ou 1400W (0,5 e 1 mg/kg s.c.) os quais foram injetados 30 min antes da induÃÃo da artrite. ParÃmetros de contagem do influxo celular no lÃquido sinovial, estudo da permeabilidade vascular pelo extravasamento de azul de Evans, estudo do ensaio de mieloperoxidase (MPO), determinaÃÃo da produÃÃo de Ãxido nÃtrico atravÃs da dosagem de nitrito pelo mÃtodo de Griess, anÃlise histopatolÃgica e imunohistoquÃmica para NO sintase induzida (NOSi) foram avaliados. Observamos que Zy (2 mg) induziu aumento significativo do influxo celular no lÃquido sinovial (p<0,05), do extravasamento de azul de Evans (p<0,05), da atividade de mieloperoxidase (p<0,05) e da dosagem de nitrito/nitrato (p<0,05) na 6 h apÃs induÃÃo da artrite em relaÃÃo ao grupo controle. A anÃlise histopatolÃgica mostrou que Zy (2 mg) induziu, de forma significativa, infiltrado celular na membrana sinovial, no tecido conjuntivo periarticular, no tecido muscular esquelÃtico e espessamento da MS na 6 h apÃs induÃÃo da artrite. No 10 d apÃs induÃÃo da artrite, continua a apresentar infiltrado celular na MS, no tecido conjuntivo periarticular, no tecido muscular esquelÃtico e espessamento da MS, assim como passa a apresentar fibrose da MS e do disco articular. No 21 dia apÃs induÃÃo da artrite, foram observados infiltrado celular apenas na MS, com espessamento da mesma, e aumento da fibrose da membrana sinovial, da cartilagem articular, do tecido periarticular e do disco articular, significativamente diferentes em relaÃÃo ao grupo controle. à anÃlise da reaÃÃo de imunohistoquÃmica para NOSi, observou-se aumento da expressÃo de NOSi no animais com Zy (2 mg). Tanto L-NAME 100 mg/kg quanto 1400W 1 mg/kg (p<0,05) foram capazes de reverter o aumento do influxo celular no lÃquido sinovial da ATM (p<0,05), o extravasamento plasmÃtico (p<0,05), as alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas e a expressÃo de NOSi pelo estudo da reaÃÃo de imunohistoquÃmica para NOSi observadas na 6 h apÃs induÃÃo da artrite. Esses resultados sugerem que o modelo experimental proposto se presta ao estudo da artrite na ATM, e que NO participa na fisiopatologia do processo inflamatÃrio da DTM.
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Efeitos da corticosterona sobre a produção de melatonina em macrófagos de linhagem RAW 264.7 / Effects of corticosterone on the production of Melatonin RAW macrophage lineage 264.7

Silva, Débora dos Santos 09 June 2017 (has links)
A melatonina (MEL) é um hormônio que participa do controle de uma série de processos fisiológicos em situações de higidez e durante processos de defesa. Além da produção noturna pela glândula pineal, células do sistema imunológico também produzem MEL. Diversos estudos demonstram que a produção de MEL pela pineal e células imunes é controlada por agentes endógenos (TNF, catecolaminas) e exógenos (LPS, zimosan) que ativam/controlam o desenvolvimento de processos de defesa. Em macrófagos, a produção de MEL induzida por zimosan, por exemplo, aumenta a fagocitose destas células. Na glândula pineal, glicocorticoides podem tanto potencializar quanto reduzir a síntese de MEL dependendo do padrão de estimulação adrenérgica imposto sobre a glândula. Contudo, não existem relatos sobre os efeitos dos glicocorticoides sobre a produção de MEL por células imunocompetentes. Tendo em vista a importância da produção de MEL no funcionamento adequado de macrófagos, o presente estudo investigou os efeitos da corticosterona (CORT) sobre a produção de MEL induzida por diferentes estímulos em macrófagos da linhagem RAW 264.7. Constatamos que os efeitos induzidos pela CORT sobre a produção de MEL dependem do contexto aos quais essas células foram submetidas. Tanto CORT quanto zimosan aumentam a produção de MEL. Todavia, quando as células são pré-incubadas com CORT, a produção de MEL induzida pelo zimosan é inibida. Em ambos os casos, os efeitos da CORT parecem ser dependentes da ativação dos receptores de glicocorticoides (GR). Com relação à produção de MEL induzida por zimosan, o efeito dos GRs está associado com a inibição da via do NF?B. Este trabalho pode ser relevante para a compreensão dos efeitos da CORT sobre o funcionamento das células imunes em condições de estresse crônico, uso excessivo de corticoides e diante de desafios imunológicos / Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone that participates in the control of a series of physiological processes in healthiness situations and during defense processes. In addition to the nocturnal production by the pineal gland, cells of the immune system also produce MEL. Several studies have shown that the production of MEL by pineal and immune cells is controlled by endogenous (TNF, catecholamines) and exogenous (LPS, zymosan) agents that activate / control the development of defense processes. In macrophages, the production of MEL induced by zymosan, for example, increases the phagocytosis of these cells. In the pineal gland, glucocorticoids may both potentiate and reduce MEL synthesis depending on the adrenergic stimulation pattern imposed on the gland, however there are no reports on the effect of glucocorticoids on the production of MEL by immunocompetent cells. The present study investigated the effects of corticosterone (CORT) on the production of MEL induced by different stimuli in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that the effects induced by CORT on the production of MEL depend on the context to which these cells were submitted. Both CORT and zymosan increase MEL production, however, when cells are preincubated with CORT, the production of MEL induced by zymosan is inhibited. In both cases, the effects of CORT appear to be dependent on the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). With respect to zymosan induced MEL production, the effect of GRs is associated with the inhibition of the NF?B pathway. This work might support the understanding of the effects of CORT on the functioning of immune cells under conditions of chronic stress, excessive use of corticosteroids and immunological challenges
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Effet des agonistes des TRL sur la production des FRO par la NADPH oxydase des polynucléaires neutrophiles humains / The Effect of TRL-Agonists on the Production of ROS by NADPH Oxidase of Human Neutrophils

Makni Maalej, Karama 07 September 2012 (has links)
Le polynucléaire neutrophile (PN) humain est une cellule phagocytaire qui constitue une des premières barrières de défense de l’organisme contre les agents pathogènes. Sa stimulation par des facteurs chimioattractants, provoque sa migration de la circulation sanguine vers le foyer inflammatoire. Dans le site inflammatoire, les PN reconnaissent l’agent pathogène par l'intermédiaire d'opsonines, des fractions résultant de l'activation du complément et par l’intermédiaire de motifs de reconnaissance conservés au cours de l’évolution des agents pathogènes qui se lient à des récepteurs de la famille Toll (Toll-like receptors ; TLR). Le contact du pathogène avec le PN va provoquer sa phagocytose et sa destruction par la libération de molécules contenues dans les granules du PN et par la production de formes réactives de l’oxygène (FRO) par un complexe enzymatique la NADPH phagocytaire composée au repos de de protéines cytosoliques (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox et Rac 2) et membranaires (gp91phox et p22phox formant le cytochrome b558). Un des événements majeur de l’activation de la NADPH oxydase est la phosphorylation de certains composants cytosoliques comme la p47phox ou la p67phox ce qui conduit à la translocation de ces protéines vers le cytochrome b558 membranaire et permet d’activer l’enzyme pour la production de FRO. L’hyperactivation de cette enzyme ou son « priming » consiste en une pré-activation du PN par des agents dit « primants » tels que des cytokines (TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-1), des chimiokines comme l’IL-8, des molécules lipidiques (PAF et LTB4), ou encore des endotoxines bactériennes LPS, agoniste de TLR4. Les TLR sont des récepteurs exprimés à la surface de nombreuses cellules dont les cellules immunitaires ; ils détectent des motifs conservés au cours de l’évolution des agents pathogènes appelés PAMPs pour "pathogen-associated molecular patterns", des protéines modifiées reconnues comme étrangères, des lipides oxydés, des ligands endogènes. Quelques agonistes des TLR comme le LPS ont été décrits pour induire un priming de la production des FRO par les PN. D’autres ont été connus par leur pouvoir activateur de la NADPH oxydase des PN. Le CL097 (Imidazoquinoline : agoniste des TLR7/8) était l’agoniste des TLR induisant le plus fort effet de « priming » par les PN stimulés par le fMLP. Le CL097 induit la phosphorylation de la p47phox sur la sérine 345. Cette phosphorylation implique des MAPKinases ERK1/2 et de la p38MAPK. La phosphorylation de ce site induit le changement de conformation de la p47phox sous l’action d’une proline isomérase Pin1. Ce changement de conformation favorise la phosphorylation des autres sites (Ser-315, Ser-328) et par conséquent l’activation de la NADPH oxydase. La comparaison de l’effet du CL097 à deux agonistes reconnaissant l’un le TLR7, l’autre le TLR 8 a montré que l’action du CL097 dépendait du TLR8. Le zymosan non opsonisé (agoniste de TLR2) stimule l’activation de la NADPH oxydase des neutrophiles. IL induit la phosphorylation de la p47phox au niveau des Ser-345, -315 et -328. Ces phosphorylations font intervenir respectivement les MAPK ERK1/2 et p38, une protéine tyrosine kinase et les PKC. En plus cet agoniste active la petite protéine cytosolique Rac2, nécessaire à l’activation de la NADPH oxydase des PN. Ces données permettraient d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques de première importance afin de moduler les réponses inflammatoires pathologiques. / Superoxide anion production by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase plays a key role in host defense; however, excessive superoxide production is believed to participate to inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils express several TLR that recognize a variety of microbial motifs or agonists. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to eliminate the pathogen. However, the effects of some TLR agonists on the NADPH oxidase activation and the mechanisms controlling these effects have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the TLR7/8 agonist CL097 by itself did not induce NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils, but induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated activation. Interestingly, CL097 induced cytochrome b558 translocation to the plasma membrane and the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic component p47phox on Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315. Phosphorylations of Ser328 and Ser315 were significantly increased in CL097-primed and fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. Phosphorylation of Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315 was decreased by inhibitors of p38MAPK and the ERK1/2-pathway. Phosphorylation of Ser328 was decreased by a PKC inhibitor. Genistein, a braod range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of these serines. Our results also show that CL097 induced proline isomerase (Pin1) activation and that juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, inhibited CL097-mediated priming of fMLF-induced p47phox phosphorylation and superoxide production. These results show that activation of TLR7/8 in human neutrophils induces hyper-activation of the NADPH oxidase by stimulating the phosphorylation of p47phox on selective sites, and suggest that p38MAPK, ERK1/2, PKC and Pin1 control this process.Zymosan a cell-wall preparation from saccharomyces cerevisiae is largely used to activate neutrophils in its opsonized form. In this study, we show that non-opsonized zymosan induced ROS production by human neutrophils. Interestingly, zymosan induced the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic component p47phox on Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315; and activation of the GTPase Rac2. Phosphorylation of p47phox as well as Rac2 activation were inhibited by genistein a broad range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Wortmannin a PI3Kinase inhibitor, inhibited phosphorylation of p47phox on Ser328 and Ser315 and Rac2 activation. SB203580 and UO126, inhibitors of p38MAPK and ERK1/2-pathway respectively, inhibited phosphorylation of p47phox on Ser345. GF109203X a PKC inhibitor inhibited phosphorylation on Ser328 and Ser315. Zymosan-induced ROS production was inhibited by genistein, wortmannin, SB203580, UO126 and GF109203X. These results show that zymosan induced ROS production by NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils via the phosphorylation of p47phox and Rac2 activation. Our results also suggest that a protein tyrosine kinase and PI3Kinase control p47phox phosphorylation and Rac2 activation while p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and PKC are involved in zymosan-induced p47phox phosphorylation.

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