Ce mémoire porte sur l’étude du développement d’un sentiment d’appartenance à l’échelle d’un quartier dans un contexte de croissance de la mobilité des individus. À travers ce travail, il s’agit d’observer les formes que prend ce sentiment alors que les limites du territoire quotidien ne cessent d’être repoussées et que les individus sont de moins en moins ancrés de façon permanente sur un territoire. Dès lors, la pertinence du quartier est remise en cause. L’étude a pris pour cadre d’analyse l’arrondissement Plateau-Mont-Royal en raison de son caractère atypique et exemplaire en matière de forte mobilité de ses résidants et de la perception d’un sentiment d’appartenance territoriale marqué. Afin d’alimenter la réflexion, des entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de dix résidants de l’arrondissement recrutés lors d’un rendez-vous citoyen. Ces rencontres ont permis de comprendre que la mobilité des résidants ne répond pas à la tangente de la croissance observée. La flexibilité et la liberté d’avoir le choix de quitter son lieu de résidence sont des aptitudes valorisées, mais l’ancrage demeure prisé. Cette divergence s’inscrit dans une démarche particulière; celle de vivre selon un mode de vie où l’espace du quartier est priorisé à travers la mobilité quotidienne. Dans ce contexte, le sentiment d’appartenance se développe en direction d’un mode de vie, honorant un ensemble de valeurs, plutôt qu’à un territoire. Selon cette approche, l’arrondissement Plateau-Mont-Royal joue le second rôle; il représente le catalyseur et la vitrine de ce mode de vie, facilitant ainsi le regroupement des individus sous des valeurs communes. / This master’s thesis focuses on the study of the development of a sense of belonging to a neighborhood in the context of increasing mobility of people. Through this work, we will observe the forms taken by this sense of belonging while the boundaries of everyday life are constantly being pushed and that people are less anchored permanently on territory. Therefore, the relevance of the neighborhood is questionable. The study took for its analytical framework the Plateau-Mont-Royal borough because of its unusual nature, because it is an actual model in terms of high mobility of its residents, and because it is a perceived significant sense of place. To foster reflection, interviews were conducted with ten borough residents recruited during a citizen’s meeting. These interviews helped to understand that the mobility of residents does not meet the tangent of the growth. The flexibility and freedom to have the choice to leave a place of residence are valued skills, but the residential stability remains sought after. This discrepancy is part of a particular approach, that of living in a lifestyle where the neighborhood is prioritized through daily mobility. In this context, the sense of belonging is developed for the lifestyle, promoting a set of values rather than a place. Under this approach, the Plateau-Mont-Royal borough is playing a second role, representing a catalyst and a showcase for this lifestyle, thus facilitating the coming together of people in shared values.

Véritable icône mondiale des loisirs, Las Vegas est souvent associée au strass et aux paillettes du Strip, grand boulevard le long duquel se concentrent les casinos et les attractions touristiques. La ville est généralement associée à une licence festive et aux extravagances architecturales, et pourtant près de deux millions d’habitants vivent et travaillent dans cette capitale économique du Nevada.Dans une démarche alliant géographie urbaine et géographie culturelle, cette thèse propose d’étudier l’urbanité et la citadinité végasiennes afin de déconstruire l’image monobloc de la Las Vegas touristique. L’étude identifie l’existence d’imaginaires touristiques qui façonnent les représentations de Las Vegas dans l’opinion commune américaine et qui sont un des facteurs explicatifs des jugements de valeur et des analyses partisanes qui dominent les écrits universitaires qui lui sont consacrés. Ce travail de décryptage des discours produits sur Las Vegas constitue la première étape d’un examen dépassionné de l’urbanité et de la citadinité végasiennes. La recherche met en évidence une tension fondamentale entre la banalité urbaine et l’exceptionnalité qui résulte de la pratique légale des jeux d’argent et de la spécialisation touristique. En s’appuyant sur une articulation entre des données quantitatives et des entretiens qualitatifs auprès des habitants, cette thèse identifie une citadinité de la déficience, caractérisée par la faiblesse des relations de voisinage et du sentiment de communauté. Cette vision synchronique est complétée par une vision diachronique qui interroge les processus de transformation de la citadinité. La notion d’appropriation est plus particulièrement mobilisée, à travers les dynamiques de patrimonialisation et de transformation urbaine du centre-ville, afin d’identifier les pistes utilisées localement pour (re)construire Las Vegas. / As a world-renowned and iconic entertainment center, Las Vegas conjures up images of glitz, glitter and the Strip, the long boulevard featuring all the large hotel-casinos and entertainment options. Las Vegas is usually considered to be a free-wheeling, anything-goes kind of place and an architectural extravaganza. And yet, almost two-million people live and work in the economic capital of Nevada.Combining the approaches of urban and cultural geographies, this dissertation aims to study the “urbanité” and “citadinité” of Las Vegas in order to deconstruct the uniform image of the touristy Las Vegas. This study identifies the existence of tourism imaginaries shaping the Las Vegas perceptions in the American public opinion and explaining the value judgments and partisan analyses that dominate the academic literature dealing with the city. The decoding of the discourses produced on Las Vegas forms the first step of a neutralized study of the Las Vegas’s “urbanité” and “citadinité”. The research reveals a fundamental tension between urban banality and the originality of the specialization in tourism around gaming. This dialectic represents the main interpretation key to understand Las Vegas’s “urbanité” and “citadinité”. Going back and forth between quantitative data and qualitative interviews, this dissertation identifies what is called a “citadinité of defiency”, defined by the weakness of neighborhood interactions and sense of community. This synchronic vision is complemented by a diachronic one that questions the “citadinité” transformation processes. The notion of appropriation is particularly brought to bear through the dynamics of heritage and the transformations of downtown Las Vegas, so as to highlight the means used locally to (re)construct Las Vegas.

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Text in English / Although the participation of students at institutions of higher learning in South Africa is increasing, student dropout remains a challenge. Student dropout is influenced by a variety of factors, some of which are psychological. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of adjustment and sense of belonging on students’ intention to dropout of university. The study comprised of three distinctive objectives. The first objective of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of belonging, adjustment and students’ intention to drop out of university. Second, the study sought to test whether sense of belonging and adjustment would predict students’ intention to dropout of university. Finally, the study sought to test whether students’ socioeconomic status would moderate the relationship between sense of belonging and intention to dropout of university. The sample for the study consisted of 955 students enrolled for undergraduate programmes for the 2018 academic year. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and moderation analysis were used to test hypotheses stated in the study. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between sense of belonging, adjustment and the intention to dropout. The findings also confirmed that sense of belonging and adjustment predict the intention to dropout. However, the study could not prove the hypothesis that socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between sense of belonging and the intention to dropout. Nevertheless, the findings of this study highlighted the importance of psychological factors on undergraduate students’ academic success. Thus, universities should consider initiating programmes that will address students’ psychological challenges throughout their enrolment at university to improve student retention and rates of graduation. / Psychology / M.A.(Psychology with Specialization in Research Consultation)

Research has shown that female students experience discrimination and prejudice in male-dominated higher education, which in turn could result in a lower sense of belonging. This study collected data from 53 female students in different majors and countries with the help of two surveys (one in Swedish and one in English). The aim of the study was to highlight the experience of women in male-dominated education. The survey had statements that the participants were asked to rate on a five-point Likert scale and open-ended questions where they were encouraged to write based on their own experience with discrimination and prejudice. The results were analyzed with thematic analysis and with Spearman’s rho correlations. The findings support the hypothesis that women experience discrimination and prejudice in male-dominated education. Both male classmates and male professors have acted in a discriminating way and have questioned women’s abilities. However, the female students rated the instances as “not severe”. The findings found no support for the hypothesis that female students would feel a lack of belonging. Further measures are needed in order to eliminate discriminatory behavior (e.g., hire more female professors, equality education for all professors). / Forskning har visat att kvinnliga studenter upplever diskriminering och fördomar i mansdominerad högre utbildning, vilket kan resultera i en lägre känsla av tillhörighet. Den här studien samlade in data från 53 kvinnliga studenter i olika huvudämnen och länder med hjälp av två enkäter (en på svenska och en på engelska). Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser i mansdominerad utbildning. Enkäten hade påståenden som deltagarna ombads betygsätta på en femgradig Likert skala och öppna frågor där de uppmuntrades skriva baserat på deras egna upplevelser av diskriminering och fördomar. Resultaten analyserades med tematisk analys och med Spearman’s rho korrelationer. Resultaten ger stöd för hypotesen att kvinnor upplever diskriminering och fördomar i mansdominerad utbildning. Både manliga klasskamrater och manliga professorer hade agerat på ett diskriminerande sätt och ifrågasatt kvinnors förmågor. Däremot värderade de kvinnliga studenterna händelserna som ”inte allvarliga”. Resultaten fann inget stöd för hypotesen att kvinnliga studenter skulle känna brist på tillhörighet. Vidare åtgärder krävs för att eliminera diskriminerande beteende (till exempel anställa mer kvinnliga professorer, jämställdhetsutbildning för alla professorer).

The purpose of this study was to understand how a sense of belonging contributes to graduation persistence among nontraditional Hispanic college students. The collectivist culture among these adult learners often results in family and work obligations that curtail their pursuit of higher education. The voices of these students are mostly absent in the current literature and warrant the current research study. Sense of belonging and retention theory formed the conceptual framework for this phenomenological study. A purposeful sample of 16 nontraditional Hispanic students enrolled in a 2-year community college in Southwest Texas participated in interviews. Data analysis focused on themes from the participants' responses to a series of open-ended questions. Four themes emerged: financial difficulties, college schedules, flexibility in work-school schedule, and family obligations. From the perspectives of these students, their basic needs did not differ from the needs of the traditional college students enrolled in 2-year community college; however, they perceived their access to the college's resources and services seemed to be greater than that of traditional students. These findings suggest that, in order to support nontraditional Hispanic students, institutions must provide access to support services beyond the business-hour model.

Student sense of belonging in universities is tied to increased retention rates and satisfaction with university experience. However, international students may be experiencing low levels of belonging, especially with American students. From a survey that asked students about their sense of belonging to the university, with American students, and with other international students, it was found that ethnic background had an impact on the level of belonging and connection. Through interviews with four Chinese females and two Caucasian males, further information was gathered about their experiences that contributed to or inhibited their sense of belonging. Themes such as discrimination, levels of English fluency, and participation in groups on campus emerged as some factors for why some students felt a high sense of belonging when others felt a low sense of belonging. Suggestions for how to improve university services to increase sense of belonging were addressed at the end of the study.

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