Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a preparaÃÃo de biocatalisadores utilizando lipase de Candida antarctica tipo B (CALB) imobilizada covalentemente em quitosana, uma matÃria-prima abundante e de baixo custo no CearÃ, em quitosana-alginato e em agarose, com o intuito de utilizÃ-los na sÃntese de Ãsteres de vitamina A. Diversas estratÃgias de imobilizaÃÃo foram realizadas com o intuito de obter um derivado com elevada atividade enzimÃtica e com alta estabilidade tÃrmica e operacional. TrÃs tipos de suportes (agarose, quitosana e quitosana-alginato) foram preparados a partir de tais estratÃgias, sendo que um estudo aprofundado foi realizado com dois desses suportes (quitosana e quitosana-alginato). Apenas uma estratÃgia de imobilizaÃÃo foi realizada com agarose para testÃ-lo na sÃntese de palmitato de retinila, juntamente com dois derivados comerciais (lipase imobilizada de Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) e lipase imobilizada de Mucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM)), com o objetive de definir algumas condiÃÃes operacionais. Uma condiÃÃo avaliada que apresentou bons resultados na sÃntese foi o uso de peneira molecular para a retirada de Ãgua no meio reacional, sendo, portanto, utilizada nos estudos posteriores. ApÃs os estudos de imobilizaÃÃo e estabilidade tÃrmica a 60 ÂC, dois derivados (J8: quitosana ativada com glicidol seguido de etilenodiamina (EDA) e glutaraldeÃdo, e G10: quitosana-alginato ativada com glutaraldeÃdo) foram escolhidos, por apresentarem maiores atividades especÃficas (422,44 Â 50,4 U/g e 378,30 Â 34,7 U/g, respectivamente) e melhores estabilidades tÃrmicas (fatores de estabilizaÃÃo de 10,25 e 29,00, respectivamente), para estudos de estabilidade operacional de hidrÃlise e para sÃntese de palmitato de retinila. O derivado que apresentou melhor estabilidade tÃrmica a 60ÂC foi o G10, CALB imobilizada em quitosana-alginato, sendo aproximadamente 29 vezes mais estÃvel que a enzima solÃvel, e mais de 2 vezes mais estÃvel do que a enzima comercial Novozyme 435. PorÃm, o derivado J8 apresentou melhor estabilidade operacional de hidrÃlise, semelhante ao derivado comercial Novozyme 435. Um planejamento experimental 22 foi realizado para se avaliar a sÃntese de palmitato de retinila. Avaliou-se a influÃncia da temperatura (37 ÂC e 45 ÂC) e da razÃo entre os substratos, retinol:Ãcido palmÃtico (1:3 e 1:5), no rendimento de sÃntese, catalisada pelo derivado J8. Uma reaÃÃo utilizando o derivado G10 utilizando a melhor condiÃÃo do planejamento experimental foi realizada para ver o comportamento desse derivado. Com uma anÃlise estatÃstica dos resultados, pÃde-se observar que a razÃo entre os substratos teve efeito significativo no rendimento de sÃntese. Maiores foram obtidos quando a razÃo entre substratos foi igual a 1:5. Como os resultados nas temperaturas de 37 ÂC e 45 ÂC foram semelhantes, selecionou-se a temperatura de 37 ÂC para reaÃÃes posteriores, por necessitar de um menor gasto de energia para atingi-la / The objective of this work was to study the preparation of biocatalysts using lipase of Candida antarctica type B (CALB) covalently immobilized in agarose, chitosan, an abundant and low cost raw material, to be used in the synthesis of ester of Vitamin A. Several strategies of immobilization were studied in order to obtain a biocatalyst with good enzymatic activity and high thermal and operational stabilities. Three types of supports (agarose, chitosan and chitosanalginate) were activated by different strategies, but most of attention was given to the supports chitosan and chitosan-alginate. Only one derivative was prepared by immobilizing CALB in agarose and results of synthesis were compared to commercial derivatives (immobilized lipase of Thermomyces lanuginosus - Lipozyme TL IM - and immobilized lipase of Mucor miehei - Lipozyme RM IM), for the definition of some operational conditions. The operational condition that presented good results in the synthesis was used in further studies, such as removal of water from the reacional media by molecular sieves. After immobilization and thermal stabilities at 60 ÂC tests, two derivatives (J8: chitosan actived with glicidol follow by EDA and glutaraldehyde; G10: chitosan-alginate actived with glutaraldehyde) were selected: the ones that presented higher specific activities (422.44 Â 50.4 U/g and 378.30 Â 34.7 U/g, respectively) and best thermal stabilities (factors of stabilization of 10.25 and 29.0, respectively). Operational hydrolytic stabilities and the performance of these biocatalysts on the synthesis of retinyl palmitate were evaluated. One factorial design 22 was carried out to evaluate the synthesis of retinyl palmitate. The influence of the temperature (37 ÂC and 45 ÂC) and ratio between substrates concentration, retinol: palmitic acid (1:3 and 1:5), in the yield of synthesis, catalyzed for the J8 derivative, were evaluated. A statistical analysis of the results showed that the the most significant effect was the rate of substrates concentration. Higher yields of synthesis were obtained when the ratio of substrates concentration was equal to 1:5. Results of reaction yields at 37ÂC and 45 ÂC were very similar. Therefore, 37 ÂC was selected for further studies. Best results for thermal stability at 60ÂC were obtained for G10, CALB immobilized in chitosan-alginate, being approximately 29-fold more stable than soluble enzyme, and 2-fold more stable than the commercial enzyme (Novozyme 435). On the other hand, J8, CALB immobilized in chitosan, presented higher operational hydrolysis stability, with a similar deactivation profile to Novozyme 435

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-24T12:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) teresa_miglioli_iff_dou_2014.pdf: 1725407 bytes, checksum: f389875de453ea808be53b44ef0cc390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento do Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Mulheres no período reprodutivo e crianças são os grupos mais expostos aos problemas nutricionais, notadamente às situações carenciais, como anemia e deficiência de vitamina A (DVA). A presente tese objetivou investigar a relação entre o estado nutricional (marcadores antropométricos, anemia e DVA) de menores de cinco anos e o estado nutricional de suas mães (Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC, anemia e DVA), idade materna, fatores ambientais, socioeconômicos e acesso a serviços de saúde e programas sociais, sendo elaborada sob a forma de artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo \201CDeficiência de vitamina A em mães e filhos no Estado de Pernambuco\201D, analisou a prevalência e fatores associados à DVA em mães (664) e seus filhos (790) menores de cinco anos, com amostra representativa do meio urbano e rural. A DVA foi definida como níveis de retinol sérico <20\F06Dg/dL para ambos. Análises bi e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando o modelo log-log complementar como função de ligação adotando-se a ordenação hierárquica explicativa da DVA. O segundo artigo \201CEstado nutricional de mães e filhos menores de cinco anos em Pernambuco\201D, utilizou a análise de correlação canônica, tendo como variáveis dependentes as características dos filhos (peso/idade, estatura/idade, IMC/idade, níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico). Como variáveis independentes, as relacionadas ao estado nutricional das mães (IMC, níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico), idade materna, fatores ambientais, socioeconômicos e acesso a serviços de saúde e programas sociais. Adotouse um nível de significância <0,05 para seleção das funções canônicas (FC) a serem interpretadas e ± 0,40 como valor de carga canônica das variáveis a serem analisadas dentro de cada função. A prevalência de DVA foi 6,9% nas mães e 16,1% em seus filhos, com ocorrências semelhantes para cada grupo na comparação urbano x rural Na área urbana, o regime de ocupação da moradia associou-se com a DVA nas mães. Para crianças urbanas, após o ajuste final do modelo, figuraram como variáveis preditivas a idade da mãe; nº de consultas pré-natais e peso ao nascer. No meio rural a DVA materna se relacionou à DVA dos filhos, ao peso ao nascer e diarreia nos últimos 15 dias. Foram selecionadas 3 FC concentrando 89,9% da variabilidade da relação entre mães e filhos. Na 1ª FC, peso/idade (-0,73) e estatura/idade (-0,99) dos filhos, achavam-se diretamente relacionados à estatura da mãe (-0,82), consultas pré-natais (-0,43), estrato geográfico (-0,41) e renda familiar per capita (-0,42). Relação inversa entre variáveis referentes aos filhos e moradores/cômodo (0,44), indicando que quanto maior o número de pessoas por cômodo, mais deficiente o estado nutricional. Na 2ª FC, o IMC materno (- 0,48) relacionou-se com IMC/idade e retinol dos filhos. Houve uma forte associação, entre mães e filhos, em relação à anemia, DVA e marcadores antropométricos. À medida que as mulheres aumentavam de peso o mesmo acontecia com seus filhos e mulheres de baixo peso tendiam a ter filhos com DVA. A DVA mantém-se como um problema de saúde pública em Pernambuco. Residir na área rural ainda é um discriminante na situação de saúde das famílias. / Women in reproductive period and children are the most exposed groups to have nutritional problems, notably the nutritional deficiencies such as anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between the nutritional status (anthropometric markers, anemia and VAD) of children under five years of age and the nutritional status of the mothers (Body Mass Index - BMI, anemia and VAD), maternal age, socio-economic and environmental factors, access to health services and social programs, is being elaborated in a scientific article form. The first Article "Vitamin A Deficiency in mothers and children in the State of Pernambuco", examined the prevalence and factors associated with VAD in mothers (664) and children (790) under five years of age as an urban and rural representative sample. VAD was defined as serum retinol levels at <20 mg/dL for both. Bi and multivariate analyzes were carried out using the complementary log-log model as a link function adopting the VAD hierarchical ordination explanation. The second Article "Nutritional status of mothers and children under five years of age in Pernambuco", used the canonical correlation analysis as dependent variables of the children´s characteristics (weight/age, height/age, BMI/age, levels of hemoglobin and serum retinol). As independent variables, the ones related to the nutritional status of mothers are (BMI, levels of hemoglobin and serum retinol) the maternal age, environmental factors, socioeconomic status, and access to health services and social programs. A significance level of <0.05 was adopted for the selection of canonical functions (FC) to be interpreted and ± 0.40 as a load value of canonical variables to be analyzed in each function. The prevalence of VAD was 6.9% in mothers and 16.1% in children with the same occurrences for each group in comparison to urban vs. rural. In the urban area, the occupational residency regime is associated to VAD in mothers. For urban children, after the final adjustments of the model, the predictive variables were figured as maternal age, number of prenatal consultations and birth weight. In rural areas, VAD mothers were related to VAD of the children, birth weight and diarrhea in the last 15 days. 3 FC´s were selected concentrating 89.9% of the variability of the relationship among mothers and children. In the 1st FC, weight / age (-0.73) and height / age (-0.99) of children were found to be directly related to the mother's stature (-0.82), prenatal consultations (-0,43), geographic stratum (-0.41) and per capita income (-0.42). Inverse relationships between variables relating to children and households/rooms (0.44), indicates the higher the number of people per room, the poorer is the nutritional status. The 2nd FC, the maternal BMI (-0.48) was related to the children´s BMI / age and retinol. There was a strong association among mothers and children in relation to anemia, VAD and anthropometric markers. As women gained weight so did their children and underweight women tended to have children with VAD. VAD is considered as a public health problem in Pernambuco. It is still a discriminant in health status of the families residing in rural areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LahyanaRFC.pdf: 2685463 bytes, checksum: 7db6843f1628ffaeb8a563aad621ade6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Vitamin A is important in many essential body processes and its deficiency results in serious consequences for human health. Breast milk is the only source of this vitamin for children that are exclusively breastfed. Analysis of vitamin A in mother s milk is important because its concentration is related to maternal vitamin A status and to its ingestion by the mother during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of maternal supplementation with retynil palmitate on the concentration of colostrum retinol under fasting and postprandial conditions. A total of 149 nursing mothers were recruited at the Janu?rio Cicco Maternity School (Natal, Brazil) and allocated to two groups: Comparison (n = 69) and Test (n = 80). Blood and colostrum (in fasting and postprandial conditions) samples were collected up to 24hs after delivery. Serum retinol and colostrum levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum retinol level of 41.6 ? 12.7?g/dL (mean ? standard deviation) indicates adequate biochemical nutritional status. Colostrum retinol level was not influenced by serum retinol levels under any of the conditions established. In the colostrum, the retinol concentration in the unsupplemented test group was 67.3 ? 37.7 ?g/dL under fasting and 80.3 ? 35.1 ?g/dL under postprandial conditions (p<0.05), showing an increase of 19.3%. In the supplemented test group the values were 102.6 ? 57.3 ?g/dL and 133.4 ? 78.3 ?g/dL under fasting and postprandial, respectively (p<0.05), representing an increase of 30%. Considering that under fasting conditions most of the vitamin A transported to the milk originates in the retinol binding protein (RBP), the postprandial increase in colostrum retinol suggests a different transport mechanism of retinol to maternal milk from that performed by RBP. This situation becomes more evident under supplementation conditions. / Vitamina A ? importante em muitos processos essenciais no corpo e sua defici?ncia resulta em severas conseq??ncias para a sa?de dos seres humanos. O leite humano ? a ?nica fonte dessa vitamina para crian?as que s?o amamentadas de forma exclusiva. A an?lise da vitamina A no leite materno ? importante, porque a sua concentra??o neste fluido est? relacionada com o estado de vitamina A materno e com a ingest?o desta vitamina pela m?e durante a lacta??o. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementa??o materna com palmitato de retinila sobre a concentra??o de retinol no colostro em condi??es de jejum e p?s-prandial. Para isso, foram recrutadas 149 nutrizes saud?veis da Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco (Natal- RN), sendo os grupos Compara??o 69 e Teste 80. Amostras de sangue, colostro em jejum e colostro p?s-prandial foram coletadas at? 24hs ap?s suplementa??o. As concentra??es de retinol no soro e colostro foram analisadas por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia. A concentra??o s?rica de retinol de 41,6 ? 12,7?g/dL (m?dia ? desvio-padr?o) indica estado nutricional bioqu?mico adequado. A concentra??o de retinol no colostro n?o foi influenciada pelos n?veis s?ricos de retinol, em nenhuma das condi??es estabelecidas. No colostro, a concentra??o do retinol no grupo teste sem suplementa??o foi de 67,3 ? 37,7 ?g/dL no jejum e de 80,3 ? 35,1 ?g/dL no p?sprandial (p<0,05), evidenciando um aumento de 19,3%. No grupo teste suplementado os valores foram de 102,6 ? 57,3 ?g/dL e 133,4 ? 78,3 ?g/dL no jejum e p?s-prandial, respectivamente (p<0,05), representando um aumento de 30%. Considerando que no jejum a maior parte da vitamina A transportada ao leite tem sua origem atrav?s da prote?na transportadora de retinol (RBP), o aumento no retinol do colostro p?s-prandial sugere um mecanismo de transporte do retinol para o leite materno distinto daquele realizado pela RBP. Tal situa??o fica mais evidente em condi??es de suplementa??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCPM_DISSERT.pdf: 2397281 bytes, checksum: 7b1980dadee1f29acfd2a04f92504c60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Mothers with good vitamin A nutritional status during gestation and lactation are better able to nourish and protect their infant with maternal milk. Our hypothesis is that women with more serum retinol have more retinol and secretory immunoglobulin A in colostrum. 190 healthy puerperal women from a Brazilian public maternity were recruited and divided according to the cutoff point for serum retinol (30 &#956;g/dL). A number of the women was supplemented with 200000 UI (60 mg) of retinyl palmitate in the immediate postpartum. Serum and colostrum were collected on the 1st day postpartum and colostrum again on the following day. Retinol (serum and colostrum) was analyzed by HPLC and SIgA (colostrum) by turbidimetry. The mothers presented with adequate biochemical indicators of nutritional status, according to serum retinol (44.6 &#956;g/dL). There were significant differences (p= 0.0017 and p= 0.043, respectively) in retinol and SIgA levels in the colostrum of mothers with serum retinol > 30 &#956;g/dL and < 30 &#956;g/dL. The concentration of SIgA in the colostrum of non-supplemented mothers on the 1st day postpartum was 822.6 mg/dL, decreasing after 24 hours to 343.7 mg/dL. Supplemented mothers showed levels of SIgA in colostrum of 498.9 mg/dL on the 2nd day postpartum (p= 0.00006). The colostrum of women with good vitamin A nutritional status had more retinol and SIgA. Additionally, maternal supplementation increases the levels of SIgA in colostrum. The higher levels of SIgA on the 1st day postpartum showed the importance of early breastfeeding, given that it provides considerable immunological benefits to newborn infants / M?es com bom estado nutricional em vitamina A na gesta??o e lacta??o ter?o melhores condi??es em nutrir e proteger o neonato atrav?s do leite materno. Nossa hip?tese ? que as mulheres com mais retinol no soro possuir?o mais retinol e imunoglobulina A secretora no colostro. Foram recrutadas 190 pu?rperas saud?veis em uma maternidade p?blica brasileira, que foram divididas segundo o ponto de corte para retinol s?rico (30 &#956;g/dL). 118 delas foram suplementadas com uma dose de 200000 UI (60 mg) de palmitato de retinila no p?s-parto imediato. Foram coletados soro e colostro no 1? dia p?s-parto e colostro novamente no dia seguinte. O retinol (soro e colostro) foi analisado por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia e a SIgA (colostro) por turbidimetria. As m?es apresentaram estado nutricional bioqu?mico adequado segundo retinol s?rico (44,6 &#956;g/dL). Houve diferen?as significativas (p= 0,0017 e p= 0,043, respectivamente) nos n?veis de retinol e SIgA no colostro de m?es com retinol s?rico > 30 &#956;g/dL e < 30 &#956;g/dL. A concentra??o de SIgA no colostro das m?es n?o suplementadas, no 1?dia p?s-parto, foi de 822,6 mg/dL, decrescendo, ap?s 24 horas, para 343,7 mg/dL. As m?es suplementadas apresentaram n?veis de SIgA no colostro de 498,9 mg/dL no 2? dia p?s-parto (p= 0,00006). O colostro de mulheres com bom estado nutricional em vitamina A possuem mais retinol e SIgA. Al?m disso, a suplementa??o materna aumenta os n?veis de SIgA no colostro. Os n?veis superiores de SIgA no 1? dia p?s-parto evidenciam a import?ncia da amamenta??o precoce, pois isso garante benef?cios imunol?gicos consider?veis ao rec?m-nascido

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerykaMMR.pdf: 634847 bytes, checksum: 5ab27ecd338e547873827cb18935a22d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and it causes death and blindness among children in the developing countries. The fortification of food could be an important source of vitamins to control deficiency. 60 Coturnix coturnix japonica quails were used in a randomized design with duration of seven weeks. The birds were assigned into five treatments with four repetitions. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with different levels of retinyl palmitate (2,000 IU, 4,000 IU, 8,000IU and 16,000 IU) in quails under the levels of retinyl in egg yolks. The method used to dose retinyl in yolks of quail eggs was High Performance Liquid Chromatography and the enzymatic method to quantify the cholesterol concentration. The weight and production of eggs was significantly modified by the supplementation with retinyl in the birds. The results showed a gradual increase in the incorporation of retinyl in the egg yolk as a response to the supplementation, reaching values 384% higher than the control values. By the end of the supplementations a significant reduction in the concentrations of retinyl in the eggs yolk was observed. The most lasting supplementations were with 8,000 IU and 16,000 IU which lasted for three weeks. The cholesterol content in eggs was not significantly modified. The consumption of one egg enriched with 16000UI of retinol palmitate in the present study, by day, would probably reach 10 and 7,3% of the daily recommendations of this micronutrient for children of 1 to 3 years of age, and for 4 to 8 years, respectively. The nutritional value of eggs, related to the vitamin A, can be improved by supplementation of quails / A defici?ncia de vitamina A ? um s?rio problema de sa?de p?blica, e causa a morte e cegueira em crian?as nos pa?ses em desenvolvimento. A fortifica??o de alimentos como ovos, pode ser uma importante fonte de vitaminas para o controle da defici?ncia. Foram utilizadas 60 codornas Coturnix coturnix japonica em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com dura??o de sete semanas. As aves foram distribu?das em cinco tratamentos com quatro repeti??es cada. O objetivo foi avaliar a influ?ncia de diferentes n?veis de retinol palmitato (2000UI, 4000UI, 8000UI e 16000UI) em codornas sobre os n?veis de retinol na gema dos ovos. O m?todo utilizado para dosar retinol na gema dos ovos de codornas foi a Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) e o m?todo enzim?tico para quantificar a concentra??o de colesterol. O peso e a produ??o de ovos foram significativamente alterados pela suplementa??o oral com retinol nas aves. Os resultados mostraram um aumento progressivo na incorpora??o de retinol na gema do ovo em resposta ? suplementa??o, atingindo valores 384% superiores aos valores de controle. Ao t?rmino das suplementa??es foi observada uma diminui??o significativa nas concentra??es de retinol na gema dos ovos, sendo as suplementa??es com 8000UI e 16000UI as mais duradouras e mesmo ap?s tr?s semanas continuaram com os n?veis de retinol elevados. O conte?do de colesterol nos ovos n?o foi significativamente alterado. O consumo de um ovo enriquecido com 16000 UI de retinol palmitato no presente estudo, por dia, provavelmente atenderia em torno de 10 e 7,3% das recomenda??es di?rias deste micronutriente para crian?as na faixa et?ria de 1 a 3 anos, e 4 a 8 anos, respectivamente. O valor nutricional dos ovos, relacionado ? vitamina A, pode ser aumentado pela suplementa??o das codornas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaquelMSL.pdf: 657503 bytes, checksum: b03819bd313909e18887cde152d23958 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The tendency towards reduction of serum retinol levels, an existing placental barrier and the increase of retinol demand, are factors that place puerperal and lactating women at risk for Vitamin A deficiency. This micronutrient is an essential component of vital processes such as differentiation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of palmitate retinol supplementation (100.000UI) upon the milk retinollevels in puerperal women at the Janu?rio Cicco University Maternity Hospital. This intervention has been adopted by the Ministry of Health since 2002. The longitudinal experiment was conducted with 106 puerperal women (68 comprised the supplemented group and 38 the control group). The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to dose the retinol of the milk and serum samples, and the creamtocrit method to determine the milk fat levels. The retinol means for the colostrums were 99.0 ? 64.4 ug/dL and 160.1 ? 94,4 ug/dl 6 hours afier supplementation; 68.9 ? 33.5 ug/dL for the transitional milk, and 30.6 ? 15.2 ug/dL for the mature milk of the supplemented group. Ali the difterences between means were statistically significant. The difterence between retinol means in the control group were also significant, with these being greater in the colostrum, 88.6 ? 62.1 ug/dL with 61.9 ? 30.1 ug/dl in the transition milk and 32.9 ?32.9 ? 17.6 ug/dL in the mature milk. No significant difference was observed in the retinol means of the three types ot milk in the supplemented group when compared to their respective means in the control group. The prevalence in serum (35.1 % and 81.1 % for the cutting point 20 ug/dL, respectively) and in milk (51.4%) revealed vitamin A deficiency as a public health problem. COlostrum, transition, and mature milk tats varied similarly in the supplemented group (1,92 ? 0,96; 3,25 ? 1,27 and 3,31 ? 1,36 grams) and in the control group (1,87 ? 1,14; 3,25 ? 1,31 and 3,36 ? 1,67 grams), with an observed difference between the colostrum/transition milk and the colostrum/mature milk fats. No difference was observed between the groups. The study showed that the 200.000UI supplementation was not sufficient to increase the milk retinol to the desired levels nor to meet the demands of the mothers with deprived hepatic reserves. It is suggested that another similar dose be offered within 30 days or less, and within 2 months post-partum, while continual/y monitoring for possible pregnancy / Fatores como a tend?ncia ? diminui??o dos n?veis de retinol s?rico das gestantes, barreira placent?ria e aumento da demanda de retinol, fazem com que pu?rperas e lactentes representem grupos de risco de defici?ncia em vitamina A, nutriente que participa de processos vitais, como a diferencia??o, prolifera??o celular e apoptose. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementa??o de retinol palmitato (200.000 UI) sobre os n?veis de retinol no leite de pu?rperas da Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco (MEJC), interven??o que vem sendo adotada pelo Minist?rio da Sa?de desde 2002. O experimento do tipo longitudinal teve como participantes 106 pu?rperas (68 do grupo suplementado e 38 do grupo controle). A Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) foi o m?todo utilizado para dosar retinol das amostras de leite e soro; e o cremat?crito para determinar os n?veis de gordura no leite. A quantifica??o do retinol apresentou m?dias de 99,0 ? 64,4 ug/dl para o colostro; 160,1 ? 94,4 ug/dl para o colostro 6 horas ap?s suplementa??o; 68,9 ? 33,S ug/dl para o leite de transi??o e 30,6 ?15,2 ug/dl para o leite maduro do grupo suplementado. As diferen?as foram significativas entre todas as m?dias. O grupo controle tamb?m demonstrou m?dias de retinol significativamente diferentes, sendo estas superiores no colostro 88,6 ? 62,1 ug/dl, reduzindo para 61,9 ? 30,1 ug/dl no leite de transi??o e 32,9 ? 17,6 ug/dl no leite maduro. Nenhuma diferen?a significativa foi observada quando as m?dias do retinol referentes aos tr?s tipos de leite do grupo suplementado foram comparadas com as respectivas m?dias do grupo controle. A preval?ncia encontrada no soro (35,1% e 81,1 % para o ponto de corte 20 ug/dl e 30 ug/dl, respectivamente) e no leite (51,4%) revelou a defici?ncia de vitamina A como problema de sa?de p?blica. A gordura do leite colostro, transi??o e maduro variou de forma semelhante no grupo suplementado (1,92 ? 0,96; 3,25 ?1,27 e 3,31 ? 1,36 gramas) e controle (1,87 ? 1,14; 3,25 ? 1,31 e 3,36 ? 1,67 gramas), ocorrendo diferen?a entre colostroltransi??o e colostro/maduro. N?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos. O seguinte trabalho demonstrou que a suplementa??o utilizando 200.000 UI n?o foi capaz de elevar os n?veis de retinol no leite at? o momento esperado e, provavelmente, n?o foi fornecida em quantidade suficiente para satisfazer as demandas das m?es com reservas hep?ticas mais espoliadas. ? vi?vel sugerir que uma outra dose de igual valor seja ofertada, num intervalo de 30 dias a 60 dias p?s-parto, verificando sempre a possibilidade de gravidez

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineSB_DISSERT.pdf: 781546 bytes, checksum: 452a7ea66398babeb7e0c029e7a475fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Mothers with good vitamin A nutritional status during gestation and lactation are better able to nourish and protect their infant with maternal milk. Our hypothesis is that women with more serum retinol have more retinol and secretory immunoglobulin A in colostrum. 190 healthy puerperal women from a Brazilian public maternity were recruited and divided according to the cutoff point for serum retinol (30 &#956;g/dL). A number of the women was supplemented with 200000 UI (60 mg) of retinyl palmitate in the immediate postpartum. Serum and colostrum were collected on the 1st day postpartum and colostrum again on the following day. Retinol (serum and colostrum) was analyzed by HPLC and SIgA (colostrum) by turbidimetry. The mothers presented with adequate biochemical indicators of nutritional status, according to serum retinol (44.6 &#956;g/dL). There were significant differences (p= 0.0017 and p= 0.043, respectively) in retinol and SIgA levels in the colostrum of mothers with serum retinol > 30 &#956;g/dL and < 30 &#956;g/dL. The concentration of SIgA in the colostrum of non-supplemented mothers on the 1st day postpartum was 822.6 mg/dL, decreasing after 24 hours to 343.7 mg/dL. Supplemented mothers showed levels of SIgA in colostrum of 498.9 mg/dL on the 2nd day postpartum (p= 0.00006). The colostrum of women with good vitamin A nutritional status had more retinol and SIgA. Additionally, maternal supplementation increases the levels of SIgA in colostrum. The higher levels of SIgA on the 1st day postpartum showed the importance of early breastfeeding, given that it provides considerable immunological benefits to newborn infants / M?es com bom estado nutricional em vitamina A na gesta??o e lacta??o ter?o melhores condi??es em nutrir e proteger o neonato atrav?s do leite materno. Nossa hip?tese ? que as mulheres com mais retinol no soro possuir?o mais retinol e imunoglobulina A secretora no colostro. Foram recrutadas 190 pu?rperas saud?veis em uma maternidade p?blica brasileira, que foram divididas segundo o ponto de corte para retinol s?rico (30 &#956;g/dL). 118 delas foram suplementadas com uma dose de 200000 UI (60 mg) de palmitato de retinila no p?s-parto imediato. Foram coletados soro e colostro no 1? dia p?s-parto e colostro novamente no dia seguinte. O retinol (soro e colostro) foi analisado por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia e a SIgA (colostro) por turbidimetria. As m?es apresentaram estado nutricional bioqu?mico adequado segundo retinol s?rico (44,6 &#956;g/dL). Houve diferen?as significativas (p= 0,0017 e p= 0,043, respectivamente) nos n?veis de retinol e SIgA no colostro de m?es com retinol s?rico > 30 &#956;g/dL e < 30 &#956;g/dL. A concentra??o de SIgA no colostro das m?es n?o suplementadas, no 1?dia p?s-parto, foi de 822,6 mg/dL, decrescendo, ap?s 24 horas, para 343,7 mg/dL. As m?es suplementadas apresentaram n?veis de SIgA no colostro de 498,9 mg/dL no 2? dia p?s-parto (p= 0,00006). O colostro de mulheres com bom estado nutricional em vitamina A possuem mais retinol e SIgA. Al?m disso, a suplementa??o materna aumenta os n?veis de SIgA no colostro. Os n?veis superiores de SIgA no 1? dia p?s-parto evidenciam a import?ncia da amamenta??o precoce, pois isso garante benef?cios imunol?gicos consider?veis ao rec?m-nascido

Orientador: Francisco Eduardo Martinez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T07:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fontanelli_BeatrizAparecidaFioruci_M.pdf: 2160007 bytes, checksum: 5e358e9b41de70f7fd7c801fae0e0378 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A exposição ao etanol altera a concentração do retinol e do all-trans-ácido retinóico (atAR) em vários tecidos. Os retinóides, retinol e atAR, são importantes para a diferenciação e manutenção das células epiteliais da próstata. O atAR se liga aos receptores de ácido retinóico (RARa, ß e y) e a interação receptor/ligante com a sequência responsiva ao retinóide no DNA, levam à transcrição de genes alvos. Assim, o atAR exerce efeitos no crescimento celular, diferenciação e apoptose, sendo essencial no desenvolvimento e diferenciação de órgãos e tecidos. Nosso objetivo foi analisar o retinol, o ácido retinóico e seus receptores, bem como, o índice de proliferação celular e de apoptose no lobo dorsolateral da próstata de ratos adultos UCh. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=10/grupo): UChA (ingestão voluntária de etanol a 10% (v/v); UChACo (controle - ausência de etanol); UChB (ingestão voluntária de etanol a 10% (v/v) e UChBCo (controle - ausência de etanol). Após 150 dias de experimentação, os animais foram eutanasiados por decapitação e o sangue do tronco e os lobos dorsolaterais das próstatas foram coletados e processados: (1) para análises da concentração do retinol e do atAR no plasma e na próstata por meio de HPLC; (2) e análises de microscopia de luz para a proliferação celular (Ki-67), apoptose (Tunel) e para os receptores de ácido retinóico, por meio dos anticorpos anti-RARa, -ß e -y. O consumo crônico de etanol diminuiu a concentração do retinol no plasma dos grupos UChB (consumo alto de etanol) e UChA (consumo baixo de etanol). A concentração do retinol foi ainda menor no plasma do grupo UChB comparado ao UChA. No entanto, a concentração do retinol no tecido prostático não teve diferença significativa entre os grupos. O atAR aumentou significativamente somente no plasma do grupo UChB. Na próstata, a concentração do atAR aumentou no grupo UChB, enquanto que no UChA não houve diferença estatística. O RAR? na próstata dorsal e lateral dos ratos UCh não foi alterada em função do consumo de etanol. Já os RARß e -? apresentaram aumento do sinal na próstata dorsal do grupo UChB. Não houve diferença no índice de proliferação celular e de apoptose nas próstatas dorsais e laterais dos grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que o etanol altera a concentração do retinol e do atAR no plasma. Essa alteração é diretamente proporcional à quantidade de etanol consumida. Já na próstata, o retinol não é alterado pelo etanol. O consumo alto de etanol altera a concentração do atAR na próstata dorsolateral e a expressão dos RAR ß e y na próstata dorsal. A alteração da expressão dos RAR pode aumentar a sensibilidade da próstata à ação do atAR. O etanol não altera a proliferação celular e a apoptose na próstata dorsal e lateral / Abstract: Ethanol exposure alters the concentration of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (atAR) in several tissues. Retinoids (retinol and atAR) are essential for the differentiation and homeostasis of the prostate epithelial cells. atAR binds to retinoic acid receptors (RAR a, ß and ?) and the interaction receptor/ligand with the sequence responsive to retinoid into DNA lead to transactivation of target genes. Thus, atAR directly produces their effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. This study aimed to analyze the retinol and all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations and its atAR receptors as well as the cell proliferation and apoptosis index upon the dorsolateral prostate lobe of adult UCh rats. All animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10/group): UChA (10% ethanol (v / v) voluntary intake); UChACo (without ethanol consumption); UChB (10% ethanol (v / v) voluntary intake) and UChBCo (without ethanol consumption). After 150 days of experimentation, animals were sacrificed followed by decapitation and trunk blood and dorsolateral prostate lobes collected. Samples of plasma and prostate by concentration analysis of the retinol and atAR were processed for HPLC. The cell proliferation and apoptosis immunoreactivities were assessed by Ki-67 and Tunel, respectively, and nuclear receptors by anti-RAR a,-ß and-y. Chronic ethanol consumption reduced the concentration of plasma retinol in UChB (high ethanol intake) and UChA groups (low ethanol intake). The retinol concentration in plasma was even lower in UChB compared to UChA group. However, the retinol concentration in prostate tissue was not significantly different between the groups. Concentration of atAR increased in plasma of UChB group, and was 96% higher in the UChA group. The prostate, atAR increased in the UChB group, while in UChA group no statistical difference. There was no statistical difference in proliferation cell and apoptosis in the dorsal and lateral prostate lobes between the groups. The expression of RAR a in the dorsal and lateral prostate of UCh rats was not altered as a function of ethanol consumption. Already RAR ß and-y showed increased signal in the dorsal prostate UChB group. We conclude that ethanol alters the concentration of retinol and atAR in plasma. This change is directly proportional to the amount of ethanol consumed. In the prostate, retinol is not altered by ethanol. The high ethanol intake alters the concentration of atAR in dorsolateral prostate and the expression of RARß and RARy in the dorsal prostate. Alteration in expression of RAR can increase sensitivity to the action of the atAR in prostate. Ethanol does not alter cell proliferation and apoptosis in the dorsolateral prostate / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

The central role played by the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in the correct folding and assembly of secretary and membrane proteins cannot be overstated. As the first compartment in the secretary pathway, it is responsible for the synthesis, modification and targeting of proteins to their proper destinations within the secretary pathway and the extracellular space. Protein folding in this specialized compartment is dynamic and involves a host of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts. Once inside the ER lumen, proteins fold into their native conformation and undergo a multitude of post-translational modifications, including N-linked glycosylation and disulfide oxidation. The proper conformational maturation of nascent proteins that traverse the secretary pathway is both aided and monitored by a complex process termed ER quality control. A variety of quality control mechanisms that rely on the chaperone systems operate in the ER. These act in close concert with the molecular machinery involved in degradation of non-native proteins to maintain homeostasis. The common goal of these mechanisms is to prevent expression and secretion of misfolded proteins. As a general rule, only those proteins that have successfully completed their folding and passed a stringent selection process are allowed to exit the ER on their way to their final destinations. The importance of the normal functioning of the ER is underlined by the fact that disruption in protein folding, resulting in ER stress, has now been identified as the biochemical basis of many ER storage diseases including Diabetes mellitus, Endocrinopathies and Hemophilia A. Processing events occurring inside the ER lumen are known to influence the efficiency of protein secretion. Vastly different rates of exocytose observed among secretary proteins have been found to correlate with the rate of exit from the ER. One such example is the interesting secretion property exhibited by Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) The principal carrier of retinol (Vitamin A) in plasma. RBP is a single domain protein consisting of three intramolecular disulfide bonds and helps transport retinol from the liver stores to the various target tissues in the body. Availability of its ligand, retinol, while not affecting its synthesis, is known to be the major factor in regulating RBP secretion from the liver. In the absence of retinol, apo-RBP has been shown to be retained in the ER by a hitherto unclear mechanism. Like most other secretary proteins, RBP is co-translationally targeted to the ER lumen, where it undergoes disulfide oxidation as the only modification. It has been shown to form a complex with another secretary protein, Transthyretin (TTR) in the ER and this complex formation is thought to prevent premature glomerular filtration of the otherwise small RBP with its bound retinol. Despite attaining a mature conformation, apo-RBP is not secreted and awaits conversion to its ligand-bound, holo form in order to exit the ER. It is widely believed that ligand binding may relieve this retention of RBP from the ER quality control machinery. However the precise mechanisms that mediate and regulate RBP folding, ligand binding, TTR assembly and secretion are not clearly understood. Though the folding and secretion properties of RBP have been described in HepG2 cells, its interactions with the ER resident chaperones have not been addressed. Apart from being an important cell biological question, the study of RBP assumes a lot of significance with its recent emergence as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been proposed that lowering of serum RBP levels could be a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was undertaken with the intention of analyzing the oxidative folding of RBP in the ER more closely. A systematic approach aimed at understanding the early events associated with folding and maturation of RBP, with particular emphasis on the role of ER-resident chaperones and the quality control machinery, is likely to provide interesting insights into the mechanisms involved in its ligand dependent secretion. Reconstitution of RBP biogenesis in a cell free system. The folding of RBP in cells is extremely quick with rapid oxidation kinetics. This makes it difficult to systematically analyze the early folding events in cultured cells. It was necessary to make use of a simplified system that would faithfully recapitulate the folding process in the ER. Therefore, a cell free translation system consisting of rabbit reticulocyte lysate and canine pancreatic microcosms as a source of ER-derived membranes was developed. This system affords the advantage of easy manipulation while still preserving the overall environment that prevails in the ER of intact cells. Extensive biochemical and functional characterization of the isolated microcosms was carried out and in vitro translation and microsomal translocation of RBP was established. Though initially confined to studies on membrane insertion and core glycosylate, the cell free system supplemented with microcosms has subsequently been used to analyze folding and assembly of a number of secretary and membrane proteins. A similar strategy has been adopted in the present study of RBP folding and maturation. Oxidative folding of RBP in isolated microcosms: Delineation of its disulfide oxidation pathway Using glutathione (GSSG) as the oxidant, co- and posttranslational disulfide oxidation of RBP was carried out in isolated microcosms. The ability to manipulate the redox status of this cell free system has helped to considerably slow down the oxidative folding of RBP so that a more careful analysis of the folding process could be performed. RBP was found to undergo oxidative folding with a t1/2 of 30 minutes and folding proceeded through at least one disulfide-bonded intermediate. Non-reducing SDS PAGE was used to resolve the folding intermediates. The pattern of oxidation was in good agreement with that reported earlier in HepG2 cells. No significant effect of retinol was observed on either the folding kinetics or the pattern of disulfide oxidation of RBP in isolated microsomes.A DTT sensitivity assay, used to probe the conformational maturity of folding RBP, revealed that RBP was capable of maturing into a DTT-resistant conformation in isolated microsomes. With the aid of disulfide mutants, the probable disulfide oxidation pathway of RBP in the ER has been determined. Single and double disulfide mutants of RBP were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and their posttranslational oxidation patterns were analyzed and compared with that of the wild type protein. Based on the results obtained, it was clear that the folding intermediate was made up of one of the two big disulfide loops and that the presence of both these loops was essential for RBP to fold into a fully oxidized, compact form. It has not been possible to determine the contribution of the third, smallest disulfide loop to the oxidative folding of RBP. Molecular events associated with the early oxidative folding of RBP To gain insights into the possible role of ER chaperones in the oxidative folding of RBP, the oligomeric state of folding RBP was analyzed by velocity sedimentation and chemical crosslinking assays. Velocity sedimentation analysis revealed that the reduced form of RBP was present in a large complex of size >100 S20,W. Upon disulfide oxidation, it readily dissociated from the complex and assumed a monomeric state. This was evident even during co-translational oxidation which suggested that RBP transiently associated with the large complex during its oxidative folding. Dynamic nature of this complex indicated that this could be a folding complex containing the chaperone machinery of the ER. These results were also supported by crosslinking analysis performed in unbroken microsomes using the homo-bifunctional crosslinker, DSP. The early folding forms of RBP could be crosslinked to a large complex while upon disulfide oxidation, RBP matured to its monomeric form and was no longer crosslinkable. Sedimentation and crosslinking analyses of the RBP disulfide mutants revealed that while the double disulfide mutant remained irreversibly associated with the large complex, the single mutants were released upon acquiring one of the two big disulfide loops. This suggested that despite the lack of one of the two major disulfides, these mutants were considered ‘folded’ by the quality control machinery in the ER while the double mutant probably resembled a molten globule state and was therefore considered ‘unfolded’ and irreversibly retained. Results from crosslinking analysis in microsomes not engaged in active translation suggested that chaperones of the ER were organized in a complex constitutively thereby lending support to the concept of ER-matrix, a large network of luminal proteins consisting of ER chaperones and accessory factors. Given this scenario, it is not unlikely that newly synthesized protein substrates transiently associate with this large pre-existing complex of chaperones and dissociate during late stages of their maturation. Conclusion In all, this study provides significant insights into some of the early events associated with the oxidative folding of RBP in the ER. The delineation of the disulfide oxidation pathway of RBP has been possible. The results obtained from this study suggest that RBP probably dissociates from the quality control quite early during its folding process and this step in its maturation might not be influenced by retinol. The stimulus for its ligant dependent secretion is likely to operate at a later stage of its sojourn in the ER, possibly consequent to positive cues from accessory binding factors such as TTR. Lastly, Perservation of the ER microenvironment in isolated microsomes, as evidenced from this study, augurs well for the use of this system to analyze mechanisms underlying folding, maturation, secretion and/or retention of secretory proteins.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 677279 bytes, checksum: 5d3ab2a60a6e82e4a31371e12aa51b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The senior population represents today a significant share in most countries, being susceptible to not transferable chronic diseases that may be associated with vitamin A status and the presence of inflammation. The aim of this study was therefore to verify the association of serum retinol, C-reactive protein and total fiber intake with hypertension in the elderly in the city of Joao Pessoa. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological research, population-based, with 212 individuals between 60 to 90 years old, both sexes, with or without chronic diseases and use of antihypertensive medication or not. The dietary survey was conducted by the Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, retinol serum by liquid chromatography high resolution and the CRP ultrasensitive (hs-CRP) by particle agglutination by latex; for statistical analysis was applied Fisher Exact Test, which was adopted a significance level of 5% to reject the null hypothesis. The prevalence of hypertension alone was 48.08% and other morbidities associated with hypertension was 51.92%, 97.85% of elderly hypertensives were using hypotensive and had adequate levels of serum retinol (&#8805; 1.05 mmol / L), 89.13% had adequate levels of CRP (<8.5 mg / dL for females and <7.9 mg / dL for males) and 96.77% had inadequate intake of fiber (&#8805; 30 g / day for men and &#8805; 21g/dia for females). There was no significant relationship between serum retinol and hypertension (p = 0.1661) or between CRP and hypertension (p = 0.557). There was a significant association between inadequate intake of fiber and hypertension (p = 0.0035), suggesting for the first time in the elderly of different socioeconomic levels, based on the literature, that this group of hypertensive patients should be informed about the positive function of adequated consumption of fiber and it may helps the treatment of hypertension and thus reduce the amount of hypotensive drugs used by this population. We conclude that, even considering the inadequate consumption of fiber, most of the elderly hypertensive population showed serum retinol and CRP-us appropriate, probably, these values did not rise because it is the elderly hypertensive patients without acute inflammation or other chronic decompensated diseases. / A população idosa representa hoje uma parcela significativa na maioria dos países, sendo suscetível às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis que pode estar associada ao estado vitamínico A e à presença de inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi, portanto, verificar a associação do retinol sérico, proteína C-reativa e consumo de fibras totais com hipertensão arterial, em idosos do município de João Pessoa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, de base populacional, com 212 indivíduos entre 60 a 90 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, portadores ou não de doenças crônicas e em uso ou não de medicação hipotensora. O inquérito alimentar foi realizado por meio do Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência do Consumo Alimentar, o retinol sérico por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução e a proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us) por aglutinação de partículas por látex; para a análise estatística foi aplicado o Teste Exato de Fisher, na qual adotou-se nível de significância de 5% para rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. A prevalência de hipertensão isolada foi de 48,08% e hipertensão associada a outras morbidades 51,92%; 97,85% dos idosos hipertensos e que faziam uso de hipotensores, apresentavam níveis adequados de retinol sérico (&#8805;1,05 &#956;mol/L), 89,13% apresentavam valores de PCR adequada (< 8,5 mg/dL para o sexo feminino e < 7,9 mg/dL para o sexo masculino) e 96,77% apresentavam consumo inadequado de fibras (&#8805;30g/dia para sexo masculino e &#8805; 21g/dia para sexo feminino). Não houve relação significativa entre valores séricos de retinol e hipertensão (p=0,1661) ou entre valores de PCR e hipertensão (p=0,557). Houve associação significativa entre o consumo inadequado de fibras e hipertensão (p=0,0035), sugerindo pela primeira vez em idosos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, com base na literatura consultada, que esse grupo de hipertensos deveria ser esclarecido quanto à função positiva do consumo adequado de fibras, o que auxiliaria o tratamento da hipertensão e consequentemente reduziria a quantidade de hipotensores utilizados por esta população. Conclui-se que mesmo considerando o consumo inadequado de fibras, a população idosa hipertensa apresentou, em sua maioria, valores séricos de retinol e de PCR-us adequados, provavelmente, esses valores não se elevaram por tratar-se de idosos hipertensos sem quadro agudo de inflamação ou de outras doenças crônicas descompensadas.