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內部人交易策略與股票價量之關係研究張燕翎, Chang, Yan-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文探討在台灣獨有的先申報後轉讓的內部人交易制度下,到底內部人申報轉讓後之執行率公布對一般大眾的影響為何呢?內部人申報轉讓後,有可能實際轉讓,也可能不轉讓或不足額轉讓,端視內部人的策略。我們把焦點放在內部人申報轉讓持股後,當市場公布執行結果後,個股交易量的表現為何。結果發現異常交易量因執行率公布後獲知內部人之淨買淨賣行為而有所增加;但內部人無淨買賣時,交易量無明顯異常。
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券商利益衝突決定因素及實際買賣之股票是否存在異常報酬童郁文, Tung, Yju-wen Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文分成兩部分的實證,第一部分為「券商的利益衝突」;第二部分為「券商在報紙公開推薦但實際上所買賣的個股是否有顯著異常報酬」。
第一部分為檢視券商在民國九十一年至九十三年六月底於工商時報及財訊快報每週固定推薦之個股,券商在消息公佈前後期間是否有產生利益衝突的行為。吾人所建構的利益衝突指標分別以買賣次數、買賣金額及買賣股數來衡量。實證結果發現,券商不論是在消息公佈前後一週或公佈前後兩週其利益衝突的行為皆不明顯,簡言之,券商不論在買賣次數、買賣金額或買賣股數上皆無明顯的利益衝突行為。
第二部分則是根據第一部分券商於民國九十三年一月至六月底於報章雜誌上公開推薦並實際上有買賣的股票,檢視這些股票是否在消息公佈後產生正的異常報酬。實證結果發現,在股票公開推薦日之前,券商根據公開推薦之個股實際上有進行買賣的股票,其股票報酬率的績效呈現高於市場投資組合績效之趨勢,亦即股價對該推薦事件發生之前已有反應;在公開推薦日之後,CARt一路呈現下降走勢,若投資人在事件日(股票公開推薦日)才得知被公開推薦之股票消息時,因股價已調整完畢,投資人將無法由此項公開消息獲得超額報酬,亦即在消息日發佈後股票公開推薦資訊對股票報酬率並無產生顯著反應。
而有關台灣股票市場「半強式效率市場」的檢定,實證結果發現,股票公開推薦並未對股價造成一致性且持續的影響,投資人無法從券商股票公開推薦中獲得超額報酬,就以上兩點而言,台灣股票市場具有「半強式效率市場」之特徵。
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上市公司股利政策改變對股價影響之研究─資訊電子業為例徐宏良, Hsu, Huna - Liang Unknown Date (has links)
為瞭解上市公司股利政策改變,由股票股利變更為發放現金股利政策之初次宣告效果,本研究以蒐集台灣證券交易所掛牌上市之公司,於2001年1月至2005年12月間,股利政策有變動且首次宣告發放現金股利之資訊電子類股公司,且宣告日前至少有150個交易日資料之公司,共計71個研究樣本。利用事件研究法之市場模式為計算模型,並以一般化之自我相關異質條件變異數模式,分析檢定事件宣告所造成之異常報酬。
本研究以事件研究法,將董事會宣告發放現金股利宣告為事件日(t=0),t=-150~t=-31共120天為估計期,t=-30~t=30共61日為事件期,利用樣本公司之日股價資料,分析異常報酬率。分析方式除針對事件期各日之平均異常報酬率分析外,另開立五個事件窗口,探討各窗口之累積異常報酬率是否顯著,藉以分析事件影響效果。另股利政策改為發放現金股利宣告時,針對當年度與前一年度之股利發放變化程度不同及事件宣告年度市場多、空頭景氣等因素,將樣本分類並分析檢定,在不同條件下之異常報酬率是有否仍顯著。經實證分析,獲得以下結論:
一、公司改變股利政策,由股票股利變更為現金股利的首次宣告事件,對投資人而言,具有公司對未來投資機會認知的資訊內涵。
二、公司改變股利政策由股票股利變更為發放現金股利之首次宣告,投資人對此政策反應抱持正面看法,股價會有兩波上漲趨勢,第二波會有顯著異於零之正異常報酬率。
三、公司改變股利政策,由股票股利變更為現金股利之首次宣告,當年度總發放股利與前一年度比較,股利發放變動大小會影響宣告時市場投資人之投資意願,投資人會隨減少發放股利量而延緩對此政策之正面買進股票反應,事件日後10日內股價會有一波正異常報酬反應。
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兩稅合一事件對我國上市公司股價影響之研究洪盈斌, Hung, Ying-Bing Unknown Date (has links)
我國過去之所得稅制乃是採營利事業所得稅與個人所得稅並行之制度,此種對股利所得的重複課稅,扭曲了企業籌措財源的方式,使得公司傾向於以舉債的方式籌措資金,並扭曲了企業盈餘分配之決策、造成稅法之複雜性及稅務行政的複雜化。在經過政府及相關部門多年來之努力,我國於民國八十七年一月一日起正式實施兩稅合一新制。本文之目的即在藉由探討兩稅合一之各相關事件日股票異常報酬之變化,以觀察台灣股票市場對新稅制的反應,實證結果可供未來修正或訂定類似政策參考。
為探究兩稅合一之各相關事件日股票異常報酬變化之產生原因,本研究檢定公司有效稅率、盈餘保留率及股東個人邊際稅率是否足以解釋各相關事件日之股票異常報酬。實證結果顯示,公司有效稅率確會影響各相關事件日之股票異常報酬,且與本研究所預期之方向相同,為正相關,顯示市場也認為在兩稅合一之下,預期有效稅率愈高的公司,其因為兩稅合一所得到的利益也會愈大。但在盈餘保留率及股東個人邊際效率方面,卻無法獲得滿意的實證結果,其可能原因有二:第一,歷史資料可能無法有效替代預期之保留盈餘比率。第二,董監持股比率可能無法有效作為股東個人邊際稅率之替代變數。 / The major deficiency of Taiwan's past tax system was that the business income was taxed twice: once at the corporate level and once at the individual level. This system significantly distorts companies' financing strategies, and companies tend to get the needed fund by issuing bonds. Besides, it also distorts the way companies allocate their earnings and causes taxes and tax-related administrations to be very complicated. However, after great efforts made by the Department of Treasury since 1996, the new tax system-"Integrating individual and corporate taxes" became effective from the beginning of 1998. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the market reactions to the new system by studying the variations of the abcdrmal returns of stock prices at event days related to this new tax system. The empirical results could be used for amendments or the making of similar policies in the future.
To study reasons that variations of abcdrmal returns of stock prices at the event days of this new tax system exist, this study tests weather Corporate Tax Rate, Retention Rate of Earnings and Individual Tax Rate can explain the abcdrmal returns of stock prices at the related event days. Empirical results show that Corporate Tax Rate affects the abcdrmal returns of stock prices at the related event days, and the direction is the same as expected, which is positive-correlated. The result shows that "the market" also thinks under the new tax system, the higher the expected Corporate Tax Rate, the higher the benefit from the new tax system will be. However, for the Retention Rate of Earnings and the Individual Tax Rate, the results are unsatisfactory. Two reasons are possible: first, historical data probably cannot represent the expected Retention Rate of Earnings. Second, the ratio that stocks held by members of board of directors is not a good proxy for the Individual Tax Rate effectively.
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員工認股選擇權租稅政策對電子業股價之影響張宗豪, Chang, Zong-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目標在探討有關員工認股選擇權租稅政策訊息之發布,是否對國內發行員工認股權憑證之上市及上櫃公司— 資訊電子業的股票報酬造成異常影響。在五個事件期間中,以第一、二及第五個事件期(即員工認股選擇權初步比照員工分紅入股依面額課徵所得稅、財政部初步擬定員工執行認股權時,須以執行價與當初認購價格間的價差,核課所得稅以及財政部在民國93年4月30日發布員工認股權證課稅行政命令,依照財政部當初的規劃,在執行日課徵員工認股權證的所得稅之兩事件期)中發現以面額或價差課稅之消息初步規劃和發布,確實對市場造成負向異常報酬。而有利員工之認股選擇權租稅政策消息發布(即財政部未對課稅政策做出最後決定)時,市場對資訊電子業股價產生正向累積異常報酬。
另外,研究亦發現,不利員工之員工認股選擇權課稅行政命令發布之特定事件時期,發行比例愈高及發行員工認股權之公司,過去研究發展支出愈高者,將產生較小之負向累積異常報酬。
相較於員工分紅入股制度,員工認股選擇權之激勵效果更能提供長期之誘因,但單就對工之課稅制度而言,收到的似乎是相對不利之懲罰效果。 / In this thesis, event study methodology is employed to examine the electronics industry’s stock market reaction to the announcement of tax policy changes of employee stock option. Market model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) are adopted to estimate abcdrmal returns (AR) and accumulated abcdrmal returns (CAR) during event periods. A related issue also examined is the relation between the ratio of employee’s stock options and the CAR.
Specifically, the effects of five events are examined. The first、second and fifth event (when Minister of Finance proposed to tax employee Stock options based on their par value. The second is when the Ministry of Finance announced that employee stock options would be taxed at the difference between the market price employee execute the option and the execute price.The fifth event is when Minister of Finance indeed announced an administrative decree) really show up the negative CAR.
Findings concluded by the thesis are as follows:
1. When the Finance Minister proposed to tax employee stock options based on their par value or at the difference between the market price employee execute the option and the execute price, electronics companies on average had negative CAR.
2. During the fifth event period, companies with higher ratio of employee stock options and R&D expenses had lower negative CAR than those with lower ratio of employee stock options and R&D expenses.
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企業營運總部之股市影響林必佳, Pi-chia Lin Unknown Date (has links)
摘要
本研究探討民國九十一年開始實施之企業營運總部政策對股市之影響,分為三部分。第一部份採用法令分析及文獻探討方式,分析我國與鄰近國家關於營運總部政策及其租稅優惠之異同,並佐以各界對此項政策之評論,以得出我國營運總部政策優劣之處;第二部份以敘述性統計檢視各產業符合營運總部申請要件比率及各要件達成之難易程度,以做為建立迴歸模型之基礎;第三部分則利用事件研究法與迴歸分析探討股市於營運總部政策演變期間股價異常報酬情形,並檢測股價異常報酬率與各要件間的關連性。
在我國營運總部申請要件方面,實質控制海外關係企業、員工人數和學歷、國內年營收淨額、國內年營業費用及國外關係企業年營收淨額等均較新加坡、上海和馬來西亞嚴格,『實質控股』、『員工學歷』和『國外關係企業年營收淨額』更為他國所無之要件。而雖然我國之租稅優惠較此三國優渥,但如無相關配套措施,優惠效果也會大減。在符合要件分析方面,本文針對458家上市公司進行分析,整體符合要件比率為29.85%。在各申請要件中,以國內年營收淨額、年營業費用和員工人數為企業較易達成之要件。但就國外關係企業佈局國家數及其年營收淨額而言則較不易達成,可謂企業欲獲得此項租稅優惠之最大障礙。而就各產業別觀之,以塑膠、電子和水泥業之符合比率最高,機電、電線電纜、塑膠、百貨、玻璃和造紙業次之。而紡織、化學和食品業則因無法達到國外關係企業佈局國家數與其年營收淨額此兩項要件導致符合比率相當低。另外汽車、營建、運輸、觀光與金融保險業中無一家公司達到符合營運總部設立要件。此結果顯示傳統產業在獲取營運總部租稅優惠上仍趨於劣勢,可能造成產業別租稅不公平之現象。
營運總部政策演變過程中,股市普遍給予其正面評價,包括在經濟部起草規劃、經發會通過、經濟部與行政院增訂促產條例,以及立法院三讀通過等六個事件日,皆出現顯著為正之股票異常報酬。而在分析企業申請營運總部獲准日之股市反應方面,在通過日之次一交易日也有顯著之正值異常報酬。
以迴歸模型檢視影響股價異常報酬之因素,在全體上市公司樣本方面,股市對電子業仍給予最高的顯著股價異常報酬,不過,實證上並無發現設立要件有顯著影響股價異常報酬之結果。就73家核准公司樣本分析則顯示遞延所得稅負債科目金額之大小對累積股價異常報酬率有顯著之正值影響。 / Abstract
In January 30, 2002, the legislative Yuan passed the Chapter VI-1 of the Statute for Upgrading Industries to encourage companies to utilize worldwide resources and set up the operational headquarters in Taiwan by providing preferential tax interests. Using 2001 corporate financial statement data and regression analysis, this study explores the influence of the Operational -Headquarter policy on the reactions of the stock market. The results of this study are as follows:
1. Regarding the qualification requirements, Taiwan has a more strict qualification than those of Singapore, Shanghai and Malaysia, especially in the specification of “control over the foreign affiliates,” “the net revenues and expenses of the operational headquarter,” “the quantity and quality of employees,” and “the net revenues of the affiliates abroad.”
2. The statistical analyses show that there is 29.85% companies meet of requirements of operational headquarters. Among the qualifications, the requirements of “foreign affiliates” are the most difficult criteria to achieve than others, causing the traditional industries cannot qualify for applying the approval.
3. During the event period of this study, the stock market reacts to the proposal by significant positive stock abcdrmal returns. It shows the stock market favors the new policy. The regression results indicate that investors give the Electrical industry higher evaluation than other industries.
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類神經網路產業盈餘預測及其投資策略之研究-以電子電機及紡織業為例 / The Studies of Earnings Prediction and Investment Strategy with Artificial Neural Network - The Examples of Electron and Textile Industry胡國瑜, Hu, Kuo-yie Unknown Date (has links)
財務報表記錄可說是企業經營績效良窳的反映指標,而其中所衍生出來的財務比率,向 來均是管理者、投資者進行企業診斷或未來經營績效預測的重要資訊來源。然而,相關 的研究發現,由於產業間經濟環境與市場結構特性的不同,所呈現出來的財務報表資訊 內涵亦將有所差別。因此,若進一步運用個別產業之報表資訊預測公司未來盈餘時,將 能夠提供產業間結果進行分析與比較的基礎。 如何自報表中獲取與公司經營績效相關之會計資訊,進而建構出優良的盈餘預測模式, 是近幾年來學者感興趣的研究課題之一。鑑於人工智慧之類神經網路系統擁有多項的特點,因此,對於盈餘預測會計資訊萃取的應用上,無非是提供了我們一個新的選擇途徑。 本研究即根據此項概念,以民國70年第一季至民國82年第三季為止共十五項大小產業之 股票上市公司財務報表以及股價報酬等資料作為研究樣本,進行盈餘預測模式的建構以 及投資超額報酬的計算。 進一步地說,本研究的內容可以分成三個部份,第一部份是以整體市場樣本為例,對類 神經網路主要參數如輸入變數組合、隱藏層節點數等進行調整及測試,以從中選取出盈 餘預測效果較佳之模式設定;在第二部份則是運用此一盈餘預測模式,分別對整體市場 以及紡織、電子電機
兩項產業樣本進行網路的訓練與測試,並根據模式所獲得之區別及 預測能力評估指標,探討不同產業特性樣本所建構的模式之間,其預測結果上的差異性 ;而第三部份則是利用各類產業模式預測結果的資訊,從利潤與風險兩種角度,定義"總 體"、"高利潤"、"低風險"、 "高利潤低風險"等四種不同類型投資策略,並以事件研究 法計算各項策略所能獲取之累積超額報酬,最後,則根據各策略之獲利績效,進行產業 間的分析比較,以找出本研究各類特定產業之最適投資策略。 本研究根據前述方式所進行的實驗研究中,獲得了以下三點結論: 一、類神經網路盈餘預測模式之建構 (一)以整體市場樣本為對象所進行之網路的測試中,發現模式整體區別能力大致介於五 到七成之間;而整體預測能力則介於四到六成之間。 (二)本研究所找出盈餘預測效果較佳之網路模式設定如下:1.輸入變數組合:單因子多變量變異數分析之22項顯著性財務比率 2.網路架構(輸入層-隱藏層-輸出層):22-22-1 3.連結權數初始值設定範圍:-0.1~0.1 二、產業盈餘預測結果之分析 (一)整體而言,產業間模式測試結果的差異並不大,其中以紡織產業的模式區別及預測 能力最好(70%以上),電子電機產業次之,而整體市場模式的結果均不及兩項單一性產業。 (二)模式預測能力穩定性方面,各產業於五個年度間預測率的波動大致還算穩定,其中 就紡織產業而言,其年度之間模式預測能力的差別不大,但電子電機產業年度間的變化 則要比前者來得明顯。 三、產業投資策略績效之分析 (一)各類型投資策略的整體結果中,紡織與電子電機兩項產業的獲利績效相當,且均要 比整體市場來得好,其中,紡織產業之"高利潤低風險"策略所獲得的累積超額報酬(43.28%) 更居全體之冠。 (二)本研究所找出之個別產業最適投資策略分別為: 1.整體市場:總體策略、低風險策略 2.紡織產業:高利潤低風險策略、高利潤策略 3.電子電機產業:高利潤低風險策略、低風險策略 / Financial Statements are very important information
indicating performance of corporations. Managers and investors
use financial ratios as vital indexes to evaluate and predict
operating results of corporations, and make their decisions.
ategy, and compute CAR for each investment strategies. At last,
I analyze the investing results of the four strategies for
individual industry. ANN ( Artificial Nerual Network) shoot a
new direction on researching application of abstracting
accounting information which can efficiently predict earnings.
According to results of relative researches, financial
statements from different industries present and implicate
different accounting information. If we further apply ANN on
financial statement information to predict earnings of
corporations, we can use the results as bases of analyses and
comparisons among industries. Because ANN model has many
advantages, in this research, I use financial statements and
return on stocks from corporations as researching samples to
construct prediction models and compute CAR(Cumulative Abcdrmal Return) on investments. These samples are chosen from 15 different industries and covered from the first quarter of 1981 to the third quarter of 1993. This research consists of three parts: 22 financial ratios selected by MANOVA First, I use the general market samples to adjust and predict the vital parameters of ANN models, such as the selection of input variable, the number of hidden node, and finally pick better setups for the prediction model. Second, I use this model to train and test samples from the general market, the textile, and the electron industry, and research the variation of predicting results by different models made up different industries by means of evaluation indexes . Third, I use the results predicted by the three different industry models, inspect of risk and return, to define four types of investment strategies -- "the general", "the high return", "the low risk", and "the high return - low risk" strategy, and compute CAR for each investment strategies. At last, I analyze the investing results of the four strategies for individual industry. After researching, I find:s of the textile and electron industry are better than the general markets'. 1.The better setups of ANN
predition models are :industries are: (1)the selection of input variable:the 22 financial ratios selected by MANOVA (2)the ANN model topology(input node - hidden node - output node):22-22-1 rategy (3)the range of initial connection weights:-0.1~0.1 return - low risk strategy 2.The analyses of results predicted by the three different industry models are: (1)the predicting abilities of the textile and electron industry are better than the general markets'. 3.The proper investment strategies of individual industries are: (1)the general market:the general and the low risk strategy (2)the textile industry:the high return and the high return - low risk strategy (3)the electron
industry:the low risk and the high return - low risk strategy
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