Orientadores: Iscia Teresinha Lopes Cendes, Vinicius D'Ávila Bitencourt Pascoal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matos_AlexandreHilarioBerenguerde_M.pdf: 2928972 bytes, checksum: d4db9f154891dd3379d9e02aacc7279f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) é um modelo genético de epilepsia de crises audiogênicas desencadeadas após alta intensidade de estimulação sonora. Outro modelo genético recentemente identificado é o da epilepsia generalizada com crises de ausência (GEAS). O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o perfil de expressão gênica destas duas cepas através de uma análise em larga escala. Para os estudos de expressão foi utilizada inicialmente a tecnologia de microarranjos seguida da validação dos resultados por técnica quantitativa de PCR em tempo real. Os resultados foram analisados em ambiente R, utilizando os pacotes AFFY e RankProd do bioconductor, utilizando o algoritmo MAS 5 os array foram normalizados e calculou-se a intensidade do sinal e a detecção (presença ou ausência de expressão). Após a detecção, os transcritos que estavam ausentes foram removidos. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste RankProd, que é biologicamente projetado para testar e detectar genes diferencialmente expressos em experimentos de microarranjos. Foi utilizado um valor de p ? 0,01 e pfp ? 0,05, a fim de considerar os transcritos diferencialmente expressos. No geral, nossos resultados mostram uma assinatura molecular similar nos dois modelos de ratos genéticos analisados. Houve uma sobreposição na lista de genes diferencialmente expressos encontrados em ambos os modelos, quando comparado com controles. Além disso, descobrimos que duas importantes vias moleculares para epileptogênese: neurotransmissão GABAérgica e potencialização de longo prazo pós-sináptica NMDA-dependente, foram encontrados em ambos os modelos, quando combinamos os dados dos animais WAR e GEAS. No entanto, algumas diferenças nas vias de sinalização expressas nos dois modelos também foram identificadas. Portando os resultados mostram claramente a natureza heterogênea e complexa dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na epileptogênese / Abstract: Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) is a genetic epilepsy model susceptible to audiogenic seizures, after high-intensity sound stimulation. Another genetic model we have recently identified is the generalized epilepsy with absence seizures (GEAS) rat. The aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the genetic profile of these two strains using gene expression analysis. Experiments were performed initially using microarray technology followed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results were analyzed in R environment using the Affy and RankProd packages from Bioconductor, using the algorithm MAS 5 we normalized the arrays and calculated the signal intensity and the detection (presence or absence of expression), after the detection, transcripts which were absent in all samples were removed. For statistical analysis we used the Rank Product test, which is biologically motivated and designed to test and detect differentially expressed genes in replicated microarray experiments. This is a simple non-parametric statistical method based on ranks of fold changes. We used a p-value ? 0.01 and a pfp ? 0.05 in order to consider a given transcript to be differentially expressed Overall, the results show a different molecular signature in the two genetic rat models analyzed, since different enriched gene ontology categories were found. However, there was some overlap in the list of genes differentially expressed found in both models when comparing to controls. In addition, we found that two important molecular pathways for epileptogenesis: GABAergic neurotransmission and: Neurophysiological process NMDA-dependent postsynaptic long-term potentiation in CA1 hippocampal neurons, were found to be present in both models when combining data from WAR and GEAS animals. In conclusion, our results clearly show the heterogeneous and intricate nature of the molecular mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis as well as the importance of studies looking at different regulatory pathways at once, in order to better appreciate this complexity / Mestrado / Neurociencias / Mestre em Ciências

This paper presents a new way of thinking about designing personalized artefacts for dyads (a group of two people) in long-distance relationships, whether they are family members, close friends or romantic couples. In this paper I am presenting the idea of a playful, yet useful tangible design for people who are often not able to see their loved ones in person. I strive to ideate a highly personalized and meaningful design through a Do It Yourself (DIY) activity for users, which will give them a chance to personalize the product according to their own needs. For this research, littleBits electronics have been used as a prototyping and DIY material. They allow you to create and connect two devices together and use them for different purposes. User testing with two close friends who live in different countries has been conducted. They received three different half-way done prototypes that they could choose from to build. The results showed that the idea of DIY artefact for presence in absence is worth researching, since the activity creates a meaningful shared experience which adds a bigger value to the device.

Le silence devient une substance matérielle dans l'œuvre de Maria Ondina Braga,qui en fait un objet à son usage, voire à son image. Ecivaine de l'absence, de la mort et de cette énigmatique "jouissance Autre" (que phallique), ses textes sont modulés par un exotisme oriental qui ajoute du mystère et de la pudeur au langage de l'ineffable qui les caractérise. La "mise au mots" du silence émotionnel,les réticences de son écriture, située en permanence sur la frontière entre le dit et le non dit, le secret qui entoure le ses personnages permettent de définir Maria Ondina Braga comme une écrivaine de l' "intime". Dans cette étude, nous nous interrogeons avant tout sur l'émergence du silence chez l'écrivaine, née en 1922 au nord du Portugal. Le climat dans lequel elle "s'éveille tout d’abord aux choses et aux êtres" ainsi que le drame de son enfance la conduisent au silence comme refuge sensible mais aussi comme ravissement identitaire traumatique. Les voyages réels s'imposent alors comme une quête désespérée des imites de son Moi hétérogène. Ils fournissent des matériaux à son évasion imaginaire. Une écriture du silence, que nous analysons dans une deuxième partie, prend forme. La dépression signée par le silence érotique qui marque l'écrivaine, devenue une sorte d’organisation narcissique du vide qui l'habite, relance l’écriture : l'écho du silence dit alors inlassablement le deuil impossible et l'absence devenue corps envahissant. Dans son œuvre comme dans sa vie, le silence est bien cet "être-au-monde" propre à l’écrivaine, condition indispensable à sa survie. / Silence becomes material in Maria Ondina Braga's work, transforms it into an object to her use or even in her own image. Writer of absence, death and that egnigmatic "other ecstasy", her texts are shaped by an oriental exotism which adds mystery and a sense of decency to this language of the ineffable that characterizes them. The wording of the emotional silence, the reticences of her writing, permanently located on the edge between the said and the unsaid, the secrecy surrounding her characters enable to define Maria Ondina Braga as a writer of "intimacy". In this study, we mainly wonder about the incoming of silence in the work of the writer, born in 1922 in nothern Portugal. The circumstances in which she "wakes up first to things and beings" and her childhood drama led her to silence as a sensitive refuge as well as a self traumatic ravishing. Her real-life trips result from a desperate quest of her self heterogeneous limits. They provide support to her virtual escapes. A writing of silence takes place and this is analyzed in a second part. Depression underlined by her erotic silence, signature of the writer, turns into a kind of a narcissistic organisation of her characteristic "unbeing". That depression revives the writing : the echo of silence endlessly tells the impossible mourning and how absence becomes a physical invader. In her work such as in her life, silence really is that "being in the world" specific to the writer and an absolute prerequisite to her survival.

North American river otters are considered common in the state of Florida, but their populations have not been studied since the 1980’s. Since that time, Florida’s human population has more than doubled, and many natural areas of Florida have been developed. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of river otters at locations in Florida which they historically inhabited. Forty-six sample sites where otters were historically found were obtained from the Florida Museum of Natural History Mammals Master Database (FMNH MMD). These sites were condensed to two focus areas, in and around Alachua and Collier Counties, where the sites were most highly clustered. Each site was surveyed to determine the presence or absence of river otters and to determine the suitability of the site’s environment for otter habitation. Sites with favorable habitat features for otters were surveyed a second time. River otters were not found at any site. Only 9 of the 46 sites had permanent water and only 8 of those had other habitat features preferred by otters. Therefore, only 17.39% of sites that historically supported otters likely still have the ability to do so. Loss of water over time is most likely the result of human disturbances such as the draining, damming, and canalizing of wetlands. As a result of this loss of natural habitat, river otters have become increasingly common in urban areas wither preferred habitat features, even if they are man-made. The increased presence near humans may have led to the apparently inaccurate assumption that otters are common, and, therefore, do not need protection.

This thesis explores the conditions of neoliberal power through the lens of finance as a specific form of social mediation. Based on the recognition that neoliberal financialisation is mediated by financial forms that are characterised by a high degree of abstraction, the conceptualisation proceeds through an immanent critique aimed at tracing out the social sources behind them. In doing so it seeks to uncover the deep structures that make neoliberal power possible yet which tend to remain misrecognised through the refraction produced by its apparent forms. The highly financialised economy of Sweden serves as the concrete case for examining this social phenomenon. Neoliberal power, it is argued, derives its strength from a deepening fetishism that naturalises the alienated condition of the globalised capital relation, ultimately rooted in the way that money absents its own social source. This absenting gives rise to the false but necessary narcissistic social consciousness upon which the process as a whole relies. The absence of a concept of money’s own absenting in theories of neoliberal power tends to reproduce the detotalizing abstraction that the process itself depends on, with implications for the possibility for transformative change.

Absence epilepsy is a neurological disorder that commonly occurs in children. Some studies have shown that absence seizures predominantly originate either in the thalamus or the cerebral cortex. Some cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons project to these brain areas, as explained further in Fig. 2.6 in Chapter 2. Also, some CN neurons have been observed to show modulation during the absence seizures. This indicates that they somehow participate in the seizure and hence are referred to as "participating neurons" in this thesis. In this research, I demonstrate how machine learning techniques and computer simulations can be applied to investigate the properties and the input conditions present in these participating neurons. My investigation found a sub-group of CN neurons, with similar interictal spiking activity, spiking activity between the seizures, that are most likely to participate in seizures. To investigate the input conditions present in the CN neurons that produce this type of interictal activity, I used a morphologically realistic conductance based model of an excitatory CN projection neuron [66] and optimised the input parameters to this model using an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). The results of the EA revealed that these participating CN neurons receive a synchronous and bursting input from Purkinje cells and bursting input with long intervals(approx. 500ms) from mossy fibre. The same interictal activity can also be produced when the Purkinje cell input to the CN neuron is asynchronous. The excitatory input in this case also had long interburst intervals but there is a decrease in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic weight. Surprisingly, a slight change in these input parameters can change the interictal spiking pattern to an ictal spiking pattern, the spiking pattern observed during absence seizures. I also discovered that it is possible to prevent a participating CN neuron from taking part in the seizures by blocking the Purkinje cell input.

Interactive gambling transactions take place over the internet, which is essentially a borderless environment. Typically, interactive gambling providers are located off-shore in tax-friendly destinations in order to maximise their profits. In the context of cross-border transactions, value-added tax (VAT) place of supply rules provide certainty regarding where a supply is deemed to take place in order to determine the correct treatment for VAT purposes. In contrast to a number of other countries, South Africa has limited place of supply rules. This creates uncertainty regarding where the activities of a non-resident supplier is deemed to take place. The absence of detailed place of supply rules impacts on the determination of whether the transaction will be liable to VAT in South Africa and also creates uncertainty regarding whether or not a non-resident is liable to register for VAT in South Africa. The main purpose of this study is to critically analyse the South African VAT implications of interactive gambling in the absence of detailed place of supply rules. This objective is achieved by analysing the South African VAT Act in the context of interactive gambling legislation to determine whether it succeeds in providing certainty regarding the place of supply of interactive gambling for purposes of the VAT Act. This analysis highlights the problems associated with the limited place of supply rules in South Africa. This study also critically analyses the legislation in a number of countries with place of supply rules from a South African perspective. The study concludes that the VAT place of supply rules in South Africa are not specific enough to create certainty regarding where the supplies of a non-resident interactive gambling supplier to a South African resident is deemed to take place and consequently whether the supply will be subject to VAT in South Africa. This may result in a failure to bring these transactions within the VAT net. The study further concludes that the place of supply rules in the European Union are in line with the guidelines issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as well as recent South African case law (albeit not specifically related to the place of supply for VAT purposes), which indicates that interactive gambling transactions should be taxed where the consumer is situated. By implementing place of supply rules based on European legislation, through amending the current legislation or by issuing interpretation guidance, the problems associated with the limited place of supply rules in South Africa can be alleviated. This will also ensure that South African providers of interactive gambling services can compete on an equal footing with off-shore providers. AFRIKAANS : Inter-aktiewe dobbel transaksies vind plaas oor die internet, wat in beginsel ‘n grenslose omgewing is. Die verskaffers van inter-aktiewe dobbel dienste is tipies nie-inwoners wat gebaseer is in belastingvriendelike bestemmings om sodoende hulle winste te maksimeer. In die konteks van hierdie oorgrens transaksies, verskaf plek van lewering reëls duidelikheid oor waar lewering geag word plaas te vind om sodoende die korrekte behandeling in terme van belasting op toegevoegde waarde (BTW) vas te stel. Anders is in verskeie ander lande, het Suid-Afrika beperkte plek van lewering reëls. Dit veroorsaak onduidelikheid oor waar die aktiwiteite van ‘n nie-inwoner geag word plaas te vind. Die afwesigheid van gedetailleerde plek van lewering reels gee ook aanleiding tot onsekerheid oor of die transaksies van die nie-inwoner onderworpe sal wees aan BTW in Suid-Afrika, asook oor die verpligting van die nie-inwoner om in Suid-Afrika vir BTW te registreer. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die Suid-Afrikaanse BTW gevolge van inter-aktiewe dobbel in die afwesigheid van plek van lewering reëls krities te analiseer. Dit word bereik deur die BTW-wet in die konteks van inter-aktiewe dobbel te ontleed om sodoende vas te stel of die BTW-wet daarin slaag om duidelikheid te verskaf oor die plek van lewering van oorgrens inter-aktiewe dobbel transaksies. Hierdie analise bring die probleme wat gepaard gaan met die beperkte plek van lewering reels in Suid-Afrika na vore. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat die huidige BTW plek van lewering reels in Suid-Afrika nie spesifiek genoeg is om duidelikheid te verskaf oor waar ‘n nie-inwoner se lewering van inter-aktiewe dobbel dienste aan ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse inwoner geag word plaas te vind nie. Gevolglik is daar onduidelikheid oor of hierdie transaksies onderworpe sal wees aan BTW in Suid-Afrika. Dit mag tot gevolg hê dat hierdie transaksies moontlik die Suid-Afrikaanse BTW-net ontglip. Die studie kom verder tot die gevolgtrekking dat die plek van lewering reëls wat in die Europese Unie toegepas word, bepaal dat inter-aktiewe dobbel transaksies vir BTW doeleindes belasbaar is waar die klient geleë is. Dit is in ooreenstemming met die riglyne van die OECD, sowel as onlangse Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak (alhoewel die betrokke hofsaak nie spesifiek die plek van lewering vir BTW doeleindes aangespreek het nie). Deur soortgelyke plek van lewering reëls in Suid-Afrika te implementeer kan die probleme wat met die beperkte plek van lewering reëls gepaard gaan, verminder word. Dit kan vermag word deur bestaande wetgewing te wysig of deur interpretasie riglyne deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens uit te reik. Die implementering van plek van lewering reëls sal ook verseker dat Suid-Afrikaanse verskaffers van inter-aktiewe dobbel dienste op ‘n gelyke voet met nie-inwoners kan kompeteer. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted

This paper concerns the ordinary stories. It is about the forgotten and the things that have gone unnoticed. It is about female history and is a political exploration into what and who is allowed to take space. I focus on everyday life in a domestic space, where I see these things that are discarded, often are overlooked and not talked about. I explore society from a kitchen point of view with a grandmother’s life in focus. It is a story about everyday rituals in the home, which are of an important cultural deed. The objects support her in these rituals, and they also help me to tell. I investigate the memorial space and with my artistic practice I create a room to remember those who are soon no longer with us. In this project I work within the craft-field of corpus. I use the tradition of corpus as a method of working but also as a tool to discuss my subject. As corpus is talking about class and hierarchies it creates a counterweight to my project.

Cette étude a pour objectif de cerner les enjeux psychiques et culturels de la période périnatale à l'épreuve des ruptures générées par l’absence de domicile fixe chez des femmes migrantes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne. Notre première hypothèse suppose que, durant la période prénatale, l’absence de domicile fixe réactiverait fortement le vécu de ruptures et de pertes associé à l’expérience migratoire et entrainerait une mise en suspens des capacités élaboratives rendant la femme peu disponible aux changements spécifiques de la grossesse. Notre deuxième hypothèse suppose que, durant la période post-natale, on observerait une redynamisation des processus psychiques puisque la naissance de l’enfant favoriserait l’inscription physique et psychique de la femme dans le pays d’accueil. Cette naissance permettrait à la femme de donner du sens à son histoire mais aussi de créer du lien entre le pays d’origine et le pays d’accueil ainsi qu’entre le passé et le présent. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons utilisé le complémentarisme de l’éthnopsychiatrie et construit deux grilles d’entretien. L’Entretien Transculturel pour les Représentations Maternelles pendant la Grossesse (ETRG) que nous avons utilisé auprès de dix femmes africaines enceintes de plus de sept mois de grossesse sans domicile fixe et l’Entretien Transculturel pour les Représentations Maternelles après la Naissance (ETRN) que nous avons utilisé auprès de sept de ces femmes entre les deux et quatre mois de leur enfant. L’analyse de nos entretiens a mis évidence que le travail psychique propre à la maternité se trouve complexifié par les contraintes générées par les conditions matérielles et affectives dans lesquelles vivent ces femmes migrantes. Cette recherche souligne la nécessité de mettre en place des solutions de mise à l’abri pérennes tout autant que des actions préventives en direction de ces femmes et de leurs enfants. Par-delà, cette étude permet de définir des modalités d’accompagnement spécifiques à ce public ainsi que de nouvelles perspectives de recherches transversales et longitudinales. Il s’agit de concevoir un soutien pour ces familles qui ne soit pas seulement matériel ou financier mais qui intègre la dimension sociale, psychologique et culturelle. / This study aims to identify psychological and cultural issues in the perinatal period in the event of disruptions generated by homelessness among migrant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our first assumption is that, during the prenatal period, the homelessness reactivates the highly experienced disruptions and losses associated with the migration experience and would result in an interruption of the thought process. The consequence would then be that these women won’t feel available and disposed to experience the specific changes of pregnancy. Our second assumption is that during the postnatal period, there would be a revival of psychic processes thanks to the birth of their child, which will enable these women to anchor themselves physically and mentally in the host country. This birth would allow them to make a sense out of their own history but also to create a link between their country of origin and the host country, as well as between the past and the present. On the methodological level, we used the complementarism of ethnopsychiatry and built two interview grids. The Transcultural Care for Maternal representations during pregnancy (ETRG) that we used with ten homeless African women being at more than seven months of pregnancy and Interview of Transcultural Representations Nursery after Death (ETRN) that we used for seven women with children between two and four months’ old. The analysis of the interviews has highlighted that the psychological work related to maternity is complicated by the constraints generated by the material and emotional environment in which migrant women live. This research highlights the need to develop solutions to shelter these women and their children as well as to develop perennial preventive actions towards them. Beyond, this study defines the specific terms and conditions to support this public, as well as new research perspective both transversal and longitudinal. It is about designing a support for those families that will not only be financial or material, but which will integrate the social, psychological and cultural dimensions.

In Sweden schooling is compulsory between the ages of six and sixteen. This also includes a right toeducation. Despite that there are situations where students are absent. Absent in a way that forthemselves can be problematic. In order to contribute to an understanding of the phenomenon ofproblematic school absence and how the school can work with that student group, the aim of the studywas thus to investigate the underlying factors surrounding problematic school absence and how theschool can work to promote the presence of the students based on selected literature and its authors.The authors are different practitioners who work or research the subject of problematic schoolabsence.The method used was a qualitative content analysis based on 4 different types of literature onthe subject of problematic school absence.The results show that there is no single explanation for why students develop a problematic schoolabsence. This becomes clear as the study's selected biography only to some extent gives a problempicture similar to what the rest of the material shows. The reasons for the absence are many and theycan often be related to each other. The results also show the difficulty of having a general definition ofwhat problematic school absences mean. Usually several different concepts are used, home-sitting andproblematic school absence are two examples. The results also show that the school has a large andimportant role in working to ensure that the student enjoys school where the relationship betweenteacher and student can be seen as a presence-promoting factor. Finally, it is difficult to find examplesof a single working method to promote school attendance. One of the reasons may be that there are somany different reasons for the absence and no absence is the sameKeyword: Problematic school absence, Promoting school attendance, School refusal