Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliva_ace_me_botfca.pdf: 1453048 bytes, checksum: f648ec027fadbe4bdfc9c0fa76f8a8e5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) é uma planta da família Brassicaceae cujas sementes possuem elevado teor de óleo, sendo destinado no Brasil, principalmente, para a produção de biodiesel. É uma cultura que apresenta baixo custo de produção, seu cultivo é totalmente mecanizado com semedura no inverno e favorece a rotação com outras culturas de verão. No Brasil, a produção e a comercialização de sementes de crambe iniciaram-se há poucos anos, por isso estudos na área de tecnologia de produção são essenciais para obtenção de sementes de boa qualidade. Dentre os fatores que afetam a qualidade das sementes está o processo de secagem. A diminuição do teor de água das sementes em níveis adequados permite preservar as sementes por um período prolongado, possibilitando menor perda de vigor e germinação ao longo do armazenamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem sobre a qualidade de sementes de crambe no decorrer do armazenamento. O campo de produção de sementes de crambe foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado e os tratamentos experimentais foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas, pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural, e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado. As avaliações de qualidade foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes pertencente ao Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Setor Agricultura... / Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) is a member of the Brassicaceae family. Its seeds have high oil contents and its growth in Brazil aims to produce bio diesel. It is a low cost production and its cultivation is totally mechanized. It is also sowed at winter time, which favors crop rotation with other summer crops. In Brazil, Crambe seeds production and commercialization began a few years ago. The research in technology production is essential to obtain high quality seeds. Among the factors that affect seed quality there is the drying process. Seed water content decreased to an appropriate level allowing for a prolonged preservation time and enabling less vigor and germination loss during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on Crambe seeds quality during storage. The seeds were produced in Fazenda Lageado, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu / SP. Experimental treatments were conducted at Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, and Fazenda Experimental Lageado. Evaluations on seed quality were conducted at Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Setor Agricultura. Seeds were submitted to the following drying methods: a) seed drying in the shade with natural ventilation; b) artificial drying method using heated air; c) artificial drying method using unheated air; d) drying on ceramic patio; e) drying on the mother plant. Seeds were stored in laboratory conditions with bimonthly monitoring of their quality during a 8 month period. The following testes were performed: seed moisture content, standard germination test, first count of germination test, seedling emergence,emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The accelerated ageing and seedling growth tests were performed on the 8th month of storage. The data obtained in each storage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by ISABELA SEIXO DE BRITO LOUZADA null (isabelasblouzada@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-03T20:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - LOUZADA, I. S. B..pdf: 1671597 bytes, checksum: 1f1840203317416aa8d58af8cd8f3b90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-05T20:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 louzada_isb_me_bot.pdf: 1671597 bytes, checksum: 1f1840203317416aa8d58af8cd8f3b90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T20:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 louzada_isb_me_bot.pdf: 1671597 bytes, checksum: 1f1840203317416aa8d58af8cd8f3b90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O uso de efluente de esgoto tratado e de lodo de esgoto compostado representam uma boa oportunidade para o setor agrícola de suprimento hídrico e nutricional às plantas, além da agricultura ser um destino adequado, seguro e benéfico desses resíduos quando corretamente manejados. Assim, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o efeito da água residuária tratada e do lodo de esgoto compostado como substituto parcial, total e em doses superiores à adubação nitrogenada convencional, no solo e na cultura do crambe. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido em vasos de PVC com volume útil de 45,5 L, no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu/SP, no período de julho à outubro de 2015. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas; nas parcelas foram empregados dois tipos de água para irrigação, água potável e efluente de esgoto tratado, e nas subparcelas sete níveis de adubação nitrogenada, totalizando quatorze tratamentos com dez repetições. Os tratamentos dentro de cada parcela são representados por: T0 – sem adubação nitrogenada; T1 – 100% de adubação nitrogenada mineral; T2 – 50% de adubação nitrogenada mineral + 50% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto compostado; e T3, T4, T5 e T6 correspondem à 100%, 150%, 200% e 250% da adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto compostado, respectivamente. Os dados relativos às variáveis estudadas foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do software SISVAR e submetidos à análise de variância à 5% de probabilidade, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Optou-se por refazer a análise estatística dos tratamentos que receberam somente lodo de esgoto compostado, adotando-se a análise de regressão. O uso de efluente de esgoto tratado proporcionou incremento dos componentes desenvolvimento, rendimento e teor de óleo da semente. A substituição da adubação nitrogenada convencional pela adubação via lodo de esgoto compostado elevou o rendimento de grãos-planta, com melhor rendimento proporcionado pela dose máxima de N aplicada via lodo de esgoto compostado. O aumento das doses de lodo de esgoto no solo elevou o pH, a CTC, SB, V%, os teores de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, e o uso de efluente de esgoto tratado os teores de Mg, S e Mn. / The usage of treated sewage effluent and composted sewage sludge represents a good opportunity for the agricultural sector of water supply and plant nutrition, besides being an adequate, safe and beneficial end for the agricultural for these residues when correctly handled. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the treated sewage effluent and the composted sewage sludge as a partial substitute, total and in doses superior to the conventional nitrogen fertilization, on the soil and on the crambe culture. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment of PVC vases with useful volume of 45,5L, at the Department of Soils and Environmental Resources of Agricultural Sciences Faculty, belonging to Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu/SP, between July and October of 2015. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot arrangement; using the plots two types of irrigation water, potable water and treated sewage effluent and the subplots seven levels of nitrogen fertilization, adding up fourteen treatments with ten repetitions. The treatments within each parcel are represented by: T0 – no nitrogen fertilization; T1 – 100% mineral nitrogen fertilization; T2 – 50% mineral nitrogen fertilizer; + 50% composted sewage sludge; and T3, T4, T5, T6 corresponding to 100%, 150%, 200% and 250% of nitrogen fertilizer from the composted sewage sludge, respectively. The data concerning the variables were analyzed statistically through the SISVAR software and were submitted to a variance analysis to 5% of probability, being those averages compared using the Tukey test to 5% of significance. It was opted to redo the statistical analysis of the treatments that only had received the composted sewage sludge, adopting the regression analysis. The use of treated sewage effluent provided increment of components development and production. The conventional nitrogen fertilization substitution by the composted sewage sludge fertilizer elevated the yield of grains–plant, with a better yield provided by the maximum dose of N applied through the composted sludge. In the soil, the increasing doses of sewage sludge elevated the pH, the CTC, SB, V%, content of organic matter, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and the usage of treated sewage effluent elevated the levels of Mg, S and Mn.

Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T16:48:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) MARCELOTEIXEIRA.pdf: 360426 bytes, checksum: b8cddf946011696b5c5628c5bdf7bbc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T16:48:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) MARCELOTEIXEIRA.pdf: 360426 bytes, checksum: b8cddf946011696b5c5628c5bdf7bbc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-08 / Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass is an oleaginous originally from Africa, which has aroused the interest of producers due to its use for the production of oil, mainly to produce biodiesel. The plant is also an alternative to compose the crop rotation system, with an excellent alternative for the winter season. this work aimed to study the fauna of bees and beetles associated with Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass (COMPOSITAE)).The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados in Dourados, MS, Brazil. The culture was mechanically sown in May 2010, it has began its flowering in July and remained blooming until the month of September of the same year, resulting in eleven weeks of collections. Samples were collected with entomological net by scanning method, once a week, in ten different points in the area, every two hours from 07:00 to 17:00 for eleven weeks of flowering, totaling six daily sampling, from July to September 2010. We evaluated the dominance parameters, abundance, frequency, constancy and performed a correlation analysis considering the presence and absence of individuals of the species in the sample as a function of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, for this was taken from the effect of time and period and the quantity of subjects were not evaluated. They were counted 1,095 individuals between bees and beetles. Bees represented 46.21% of the total, and Coleoptera 53.79%. The Order Hymenoptera, superfamily Apoidea, Apis mellifera and Geotrigona sp. They accounted for 93.48% of all honeybees culture. The times of highest visitation Apoidea was between 09:00 and 15:00 occurring in fewer 11:00 hours. The eudominantes Coleoptera were Diabrotica speciosa and Astylus variegatus, together accounted for 61.29% of all Coleoptera collected in culture. Beetles were found in greater numbers at 17:00 hours and fewer at the times of 11:00 am. Dominance analysis revealed that Geotrigona sp., A. mellifera, D. speciosa and A. variegatus were eudominantes and plentiful and Nitidulide sp.1 dominant. The evaluation of constancy identified A. mellifera, Phanomalopsis sp., Trigona spinipes and Geotrigona sp. as contained in schedules and in the weeks to collect and Halictini was constant in all collection times. Chrysomelinae sp.1, D. speciosa, Nitidulidae sp.1, Chrysopidae sp.1 and A. variegatus showed constancy in time and weeks of collection. The correlation analysis of environmental factors with the two bee species and two species of Coleoptera with greater abundance indicated that none of the environmental factors interfere with the activity of the four species analyzed. / O Níger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass é uma oleaginosa originária da África, que vem despertando o interesse dos produtores em função de sua utilização para a produção de óleo, principalmente para produzir biodiesel. A planta é também uma alternativa para compor o sistema de rotação de culturas, sendo uma excelente alternativa para a safra de inverno. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a fauna das abelhas e coleópteros associada ao Níger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass (COMPOSITAE)). O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados, MS, Brasil. A cultura foi semeada mecanicamente em maio de 2010, iniciou sua floração em julho e permaneceu florindo até o mês de setembro do mesmo ano, resultando em onze semanas de coletas. As coletas foram realizadas com rede entomológica, pelo método de varredura, uma vez por semana, em dez diferentes pontos na área, a cada duas horas das 07:00 às 17:00 horas, durante onze semanas de florescimento, totalizando seis amostragens diárias, no período de julho a setembro de 2010. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de dominância, abundância, freqüência, constância e realizada uma análise de correlação considerando presença e ausência dos indivíduos das espécies na amostragem em função da temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento, para isso foi retirado o efeito do horário e o do período e as quantidades de indivíduos não foram avaliadas. Foram computados 1.095 indivíduos, entre abelhas e coleópteros. As abelhas representaram 46,21% do total, e coleópteros 53,79%. A Ordem Hymenoptera, superfamília Apoidea, Apis mellifera e Geotrigona sp. corresponderam a 93,48% de todas as abelhas coletadas na cultura. Os horários de maior visitação de Apoidea foi entre 09:00 e 15:00 horas ocorrendo em menor número as 11:00 horas. Os Coleoptera eudominantes foram Diabrotica speciosa e Astylus variegatus, juntos corresponderam a 61,29% de todos os Coleoptera coletados na cultura. Os coleópteros foram encontrados em maior número às 17:00 horas e em menor número nos horários de 11:00 horas. A análise de dominância revelou que Geotrigona sp., A. mellifera, D. speciosa e A. variegatus foram eudominantes e abundantes e Nitidulide sp.1 dominante. A avaliação da constância identificou A. mellifera, Phanomalopsis sp., Trigona spinipes e Geotrigona sp. como constantes nos horários e nas semanas de coleta e Halictini foi constante em todos os horários de coleta. Chrysomelinae sp.1, D. speciosa, Nitidulidae sp.1, Coccinelidae sp.1 e A. variegatus apresentaram constância nos horários e semanas de coleta. A análise de correlação dos fatores ambientais com as duas espécies abelhas e as duas espécies de coleópteros com maior abundância indicou que nenhum dos fatores ambientais interferiu na atividade das quatro espécies analisadas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-29T18:08:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ludmila Fonseca da Silva.pdf: 1290374 bytes, checksum: 2950cbb22126528652a8aea1506c78b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T18:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ludmila Fonseca da Silva.pdf: 1290374 bytes, checksum: 2950cbb22126528652a8aea1506c78b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES / Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) is a fall/winter crop in Brazil, short-cycle, drought-tolerant and low temperatures tolerant, recycling of nutrients, crop rotation participant and their seeds have high oil content. Thus, crambe is presented as an alternative to biodiesel production and allows the inclusion of small and medium producers in its production. Studies have shown the positive effect of potassium fertilization on crambe seed productivity, and the importance of determining the proper harvest time, to ensure maximum seed quality, avoid productivity losses and possible infections. The objective was to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of crambe seeds in response to potassium fertilization and different harvest times. An experiment under field conditions was installed in 2013 and this was repeated in 2014, using a split plot design, potassium fertilization as main plots (0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1) and three harvest times as subplots. At each harvest, there were evaluated the seed production, production components for crambe plant, seed yield and plant morphological characteristics. In the laboratory, the seeds produced were submitted to evaluations of germination and vigor (first count, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging), a month after harvest and after six months of storage in a dry chamber (18?C and 45% RH). By the results it was concluded that in 2013, potassium fertilization and harvest time did not favored the dry matter of aerial part, the number of branches per plant, the number of seeds per plant, the mass of 100 seeds and the seed yield. In 2014, the plants fertilized with 90 kg K2O ha-1 in the first and second harvest time, 88 and 95 days after sowing (DAS) showed a higher seed number and yield per plant, as well as higher weight of 100 seeds. The contribution of seed production in the main stem was higher when the crop was harvested after 85 DAS in 2013 and, at 88 and 95 DAS in 2014 obtained with the dose of 90 kg K2O ha-1 . Seeds harvested in the third time, when evaluated after harvest (initial evaluation), had lower germination without treatment to overcome dormancy, regardless of potassium fertilization, in both years of cultivation, indicating that the seeds had reached physiological maturity and the mechanisms to overcome dormancy were already present. After six months of storage, crambe seed harvested in the third time had higher germination, without treatment to overcome dormancy, regardless of potassium fertilization in both crops. / O crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) ? uma cultura de outono/inverno no Brasil, de ciclo curto, tolerante ? seca e a temperaturas baixas, recicladora de nutrientes, participante de rota??o de culturas e, suas sementes possuem elevado teor de ?leo. Assim, o crambe se apresenta como uma alternativa produ??o de biodiesel e permite a inclus?o de pequenos e m?dios produtores na sua produ??o. Estudos demonstram o efeito positivo da aduba??o pot?ssica na produtividade de sementes de crambe e, a import?ncia da determina??o da ?poca de colheita adequada, para assegurar m?xima qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes, evitar perdas de produtividade e poss?veis infec??es. O objetivo foi o de avaliar a produ??o e qualidade fisiol?gica de sementes de crambe em resposta a aduba??o pot?ssica e diferentes ?pocas de colheita. Foi instalado um experimento em campo no ano de 2013 e repetido em 2014, adotando o delineamento experimental em parcela subdividida, com quatro repeti??es, sendo as parcelas representadas pela aduba??o pot?ssica (0, 15, 30, 60 e 90 kg K2O ha-1) e as subparcelas pelas tr?s ?pocas de colheita. Foram avaliados a cada colheita, a produ??o por planta, os componentes de produ??o por planta de crambe, a produtividade das sementes e, as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas destas plantas. Em laborat?rio, as sementes produzidas foram submetidas ?s avalia??es da germina??o e do vigor (primeira contagem, condutividade el?trica e envelhecimento artificial), um m?s ap?s a colheita e ap?s seis meses de armazenamento em c?mara seca (18?C e 45% UR). Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que em 2013, a aduba??o pot?ssica e a ?poca de colheita n?o favoreceram a massa de mat?ria seca de parte a?rea, o n?mero de ramos por planta, o n?mero de sementes por planta a massa de 100 sementes, bem como a produtividade de sementes. Em 2014, as plantas adubadas com 90 kg K2O ha-1 e colhidas nas primeiras e segundas ?pocas, aos 88 e 95 dias ap?s a semeadura (DAS) apresentaram maior n?mero e produ??o de sementes por planta, bem como maior massa de 100 sementes. A contribui??o da produ??o de sementes da haste principal foi maior quando a colheita foi realizada aos 85 DAS em 2013 e, aos 88 e 95 DAS (primeira e segunda colheita) em 2014, obtidas com a dose de 90 kg de K2O ha-1. Em rela??o ? qualidade fisiol?gica, as sementes colhidas na terceira ?poca, quando avaliadas ap?s a colheita (avalia??o inicial), apresentaram menor germina??o, sem tratamento para supera??o de dorm?ncia, independente da aduba??o pot?ssica, nos dois anos de cultivo, indicando que as sementes j? tinham atingido a maturidade fisiol?gica e que os mecanismos de supera??o de dorm?ncia j? estavam presentes. Ap?s seis meses de armazenamento, as sementes de crambe colhidas na terceira ?poca apresentaram maior germina??o, sem tratamento para supera??o de dorm?ncia, independente da aduba??o pot?ssica nos dois cultivos.

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and exposure to toxic metals adversely affect the growth and productivity of crop plants and are serious threats to agriculture. We are currently working with an Arabidopsis family of proteins known as Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs). There are a total of 14 proteins in the Arabidopsis SAP family whose members have been suggested to provide tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. For this project, we aim to characterize AtSAP13, which codes for a protein of 249 amino acid residues. Through overexpression, we investigated the sensitivity or tolerances provided by the overexpressed protein in comparison to wild-type plants. Our preliminary results showed that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SAP13 showed strong tolerance to arsenite, cadmium, and zinc. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze SAP13’s mRNA levels in wild type plants exposed to the same set of stresses. Tissue specific expression was analyzed using a GUS histochemical assay. Sub-cellular localization of AtSAP13 was analyzed by creating an in-frame fusion of SAP13 and enhanced GFP (eGFP). We set out to optimize growth conditions for Crambe abyssinica in order to determine if Crambe could be grown as a biofuel crop in New England. We have determined that Crambe can be grown successfully in the New England climate. We tested three fertilizer application rates, two different cultivars, and two different soil types for changes in yield. In the end, we observed the greatest increase in yield when planted on well drained soil.

Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à l’étude phytochimique par Chromatographie de Partage Centrifuge (CPC), de trois plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Soudan : Aristolochia bracteolata (plante entière), Ziziphus spina-christi (feuilles) et Hydnora abyssinica (rhizomes). Ce travail a permis de mettre au point trois méthodologies de purification par CPC, applicables au fractionnement des acides aristolochiques, des flavonoïdes ou des proanthocyanidols (PAC). Dans ce contexte, la première partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée aux notions générales portant sur la CPC. La deuxième partie porte sur l’étude d’Aristolochia bracteolata. Cette plante est utilisée en médecine traditionnelle, malgré la présence d'acides aristolochiques qui confèrent une néphrotoxicité élevée. Ce travail a permis de mettre au point une méthode innovante pour l’isolement et la purification, avec un très haut niveau de pureté, des acides aristolochiques I, II et IIIa à partir d’un extrait brut, en une étape par CPC en mode d’échange d’ions forts (SIX-CPC). L’acide aristolochique IIIa n’avait jamais été décrit dans cette plante auparavant. Ces résultats ont fait l’objet d’une publication en 2015 dans Separation and Purification Technology. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, la CPC a été appliquée à l’isolement de flavonosides présents dans Z. spina-christi. Nous appuyant sur l’expérience du laboratoire dans l’extraction par CPC des flavonosides du Ginkgo biloba, nous proposons une méthodologie de purification utilisant les systèmes de solvant biphasiques EtOAc/n-BuOH/MeOH/H2O et EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O à différents ratios en fonction de la polarité des flavonosides. Dans la dernière partie, l’étude phytochimique de Hydnora abyssinica a mis en évidence la présence de PACs, polymères de hauts poids moléculaires de flavanols. La méthodologie de fractionnement CPC, précédée d’un pré-fractionnement sur résine LH-20, a permis l’isolement pour la première fois dans cette plante de la katsumadine et du rhodioloside. / This work was a contribution to the phytochemical study of three Sudanese medicinal plants: Aristolochia bracteolata (Whole plant), Ziziphus spina-christi (Leaves) and Hydnora abyssinica (Rhizomes). The specificity of this research program was to emphasize the application of Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) for the fractionation of these plants. Three specific CPC methodologies were developed for the purification of either aristolochic acids, flavonoids or proanthocyanidins (PACs). In this context, the first part of this manuscript was devoted to the presentation of the CPC methodology. The second part focused on the fractionation of crude extract of Aristolochia bracteolata. This plant is used in traditional medicine, in spite of the presence of aristolochic acids that confer a high nephrotoxicity. In this work was developed an innovating procedure for the isolation and purification in high purity of aristolochic acids I, II and IIIa, in one step from crude extract, using Strong Ions eXchange CPC (SIX-CPC). These results were published in 2015 in Separation and Purification Technology. In the third part, the flavonosides present in Z. spina-christi were isolated using CPC, either in normal or reverse elution mode, using two phases solvent systems EtOAc/n-BuOH/MeOH/H2O or EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O with different ratios. In the last part, the phytochemical study of Hydnora abyssinica led to the fractionation of PACs, polymers of high molecular weight of flavanols. The CPC fractionation methodology, preceded by LH-20 resin pre-fractionation, allowed the isolation of katsumadine and rhodioloside.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-29T14:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 NAYARA PARISOTO BOIAGO.pdf: 1163745 bytes, checksum: 6ae0a0dea2680203a2663f070879ddcb (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T14:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 NAYARA PARISOTO BOIAGO.pdf: 1163745 bytes, checksum: 6ae0a0dea2680203a2663f070879ddcb (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Plant growth regulators (PGRs) can be applied in agricultural crops improving their development and, consequently, improves the quality of grains and seeds produced. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of PGRs on crambe fruits quality grown in 2014 and 2015 harvests.When crambe plants were in transition from vegetative stage to flowering, indole-3-acetic 100 mg L-1 (IAA), 3-gibberellic acid P.A. 100 mg L-1 (GA3); commercial PGR Stimulate® 6 mL L-1 and a control treatment with distilled water were applicated in two 15-day intervals. Fruits produced by treated plants were harvested and prepared for further analyzes. For the post-harvest chemical quality analyzes, grains of each treatment with PGRs were stored at ambient conditions for 180 days and the parameters were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of storage. Water content, lipids by cold extraction (CE), lipids by heated extraction (HE), protein, acidity and antioxidant activity (AA) of crambe grains were determined and the significant difference between averages in three-way ANOVA (harvest year x PGR x storage) were compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). A cluster analyzes was also performed to identify similarities between the chemical parameters studied. In the experimental stage regarding the physiological quality of crambe, seeds produced with PGR were analyzed by their percentage and germination speed index (GSI), moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC) and quantification of K, Ca and Mg leached. Treatments were compared with each other Tukey test and with control by Dunnett test (p<0,05). Grains stored for 180 days showed lower lipid CE and HE content. However, under the application of PGR, lipids content and AA did not change with storage, and grains acidity reduced. There was difference in each PGR effects between the harvests studied. In 2014, the application of IAA promoted improved results regarding grains quality, while in 2015, GA3 and Stimulate® stood out. PGR application also influenced the physiological quality of crambe seeds. The application of Stimulate® increased germination percentage and GSI, while IAA reduced germination, GSI and increased EC of crambe seeds. Seeds produced with IAA showed lower leaching of Ca and all the applied PGR reduced K leaching of crambe seeds. It is concluded that the foliar application of PGR culminates in effects on crambe quality and may be used as a management technique in order to improve post harvest quality of this crop. / Os reguladores vegetais (RV) podem agir nas culturas agrícolas melhorando seu desenvolvimento vegetal e, consequentemente, a qualidade dos grãos/sementes produzidos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de RV na qualidade de frutos de crambe cultivados em 2014 e 2015. Quando as plantas de crambe estavam em transição do estádio vegetativo para floração, realizou-se duas aplicações espaçadas por 15 dias de ácido indol-3-acético 100 mg L-1 (AIA), ácido 3-giberélico P.A. 100 mg L-1 (GA3); regulador vegetal comercial Stimulate® 6 mL L-1 e um tratamento controle com aplicação de água destilada. Os frutos produzidos pelas plantas tratadas foram colhidos e separados para demais análises. Para as análises de qualidade química na pós-colheita, os grãos referentes a cada tratamento com reguladores foram armazenados em condições ambientes por 180 dias e os parâmetros avaliados no início e no final do armazenamento. Os teores de água, lipídios por extração a quente (EQ), lipídios por extração a frio (EF), proteína, acidez e atividade antioxidante (AA) dos grãos foram determinados, e as diferenças significativas entre as médias na ANOVA trifatorial (safra x RV x armazenamento) foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p<0,05). Uma análise de agrupamento também foi realizada para identificar as similaridades entre os parâmetros químicos estudados. Na etapa experimental, que diz respeito à qualidade fisiológica de crambe, as sementes produzidas com RV foram analisadas no teste de porcentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), teor de umidade, condutividade elétrica (CE) e quantificação de K, Ca e Mg lixiviados. Os tratamentos foram comparados entre si pelo teste Tukey e com o controle pelo teste Dunnett (p<0,05). Os grãos armazenados por 180 dias apresentaram menor teor de lipídeos EF e EQ. Entretanto, perante a aplicação de RV, o teor de lipídeos e a AA não se alterou com a armazenagem, e a acidez nos grãos reduziu. Houve diferença entre as safras no que diz respeito ao desempenho de cada RV. Em 2014, a aplicação de AIA promoveu resultados vantajosos em relação à qualidade dos grãos, enquanto que em 2015 destaca-se GA3 e o Stimulate®. A aplicação de reguladores também influenciou a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de crambe. Perante aplicação de Stimulate® houve aumento da porcentagem de germinação e do IVG, já o AIA reduziu a germinação, o IVG e aumentou a CE das sementes. As sementes produzidas com aplicação de AIA apresentaram menor lixiviação de Ca e todos os reguladores aplicados reduziram a lixiviação de K de sementes de crambe. Conclui-se que a aplicação de RV culmina em efeitos na qualidade do crambe e pode ser utilizada como técnica de manejo a fim melhorar a qualidade pós-colheita dessa cultura.

Cyclotides are plant proteins with a unique topology, defined as the cyclic cystine knot motif. The motif endows cyclotides with exceptional chemical and biological stability. They also exhibit a wide range of biological activities including insecticidal, cytotoxic, anti-HIV and antimicrobial effects. Hence, cyclotides have become potential candidates in the development of peptide-based drugs; either as scaffolds to stabilize susceptible peptide sequences or as drugs by their own right. In this thesis, important parameters that could be inputs toward this development have been tuned. An extraction protocol that can be extended to industrial scale production of the cyclotides from natural sources was developed; accordingly, a single maceration with hydroalcoholic solutions of medium polarity represented an optimum extraction method. Moreover, it was shown that investigating the cyclotide content of cyclotide-bearing plants from diverse environments is a promising approach for extending the knowledge of both structural and biological diversity of these proteins. Five novel cyclotides with new sequence diversity were isolated and characterized from a violet that grows on Ethiopian highlands at an altitude of 3400 m. One of the areas where the cyclotide framework has attracted interest is the development of stable antimicrobial peptides. A stability study was carried out to determine the stability of the cyclotide framework in a cocktail of bacterial proteases and serum where the native forms of tested cyclotides exhibited high stability profile. Understanding the modes of cyclotide-cell interaction is certainly an important factor for the potential development of cyclotide-based drugs. Cellular studies were carried out using the comet assay and microautoradiography. A bell-shaped dose response curve was obtained for the DNA damaging effect of the cyclotides in the comet assay, which was the first toxicological assay of its kind on this class of proteins. The microautoradiography study revealed that the cyclotides penetrate into the cells even at cytotoxic concentrations. From previous reports, it was known that the cyclotides interact with membranes; the cellular studies in this thesis added to this knowledge by clearly demonstrating that these proteins have multiple modes of action.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T18:43:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) natalia_avila_soares.pdf: 1056490 bytes, checksum: 869e513c0faa0977b352060ebd8f23f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-30T15:05:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) natalia_avila_soares.pdf: 1056490 bytes, checksum: 869e513c0faa0977b352060ebd8f23f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T15:05:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) natalia_avila_soares.pdf: 1056490 bytes, checksum: 869e513c0faa0977b352060ebd8f23f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inclus?o de n?veis do farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hoechst), no perfil fermentativo e valor nutricional da silagem de cana-de-a??car avaliados em diferentes tempos de abertura dos silos. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Moura, pertencente ? Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), localizada no Munic?pio de Curvelo, MG e as an?lises laboratoriais forma realizadas no Laborat?rio de Nutri??o Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFVJM, Campus Diamantina, MG. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro n?veis de adi??o do farelo de crambe (FC: 0; 5, 10 e 20%, com base na mat?ria natural) e quatro tempos de abertura dos silos (10; 20; 30; 60 dias ap?s a confec??o das silagens),com quatro repeti??es. Para a avalia??o da composi??o bromatol?gica usou-se: mat?ria seca (MS); mat?ria org?nica (MO), mat?ria mineral (MM), prote?na bruta (PB), extrato et?reo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e prote?na (FDNcp), fibra em detergente ?cido (FDA), carboidratos totais (CT), carboidratos n?o fibrosos (CNF) e nutrientes digest?veis totais calculados (NDTcalculado). Para o perfil fermentativo foram avaliados os valores da atividade de ?gua (Aw), potencial hidrogeni?nico (pH), condutividade el?trica (CE), carboidratos sol?veis (CHOs) e nitrog?nio amoniacal (N-NH3). Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise de regress?o (P>0,05). Para vari?vel EE, foi observado efeito de dose e tempo (P>0,05). Para a intera??o dos fatores (n?veis de inclus?o do FC x tempo de abertura) observou-se efeito para MS, MM, PB, MO, FDNcp, FDA, CT, CNF, NDT calculado, CE, AW, CHOs, pH e N-NH3. A adi??o do farelo de crambe na ensilagem de cana-de-a??car promoveu melhorias na composi??o bromatol?gica, uma vez que houve eleva??o nos teores de MS, PB, CNF, al?m da redu??o nos componentes fibrosos (FDNcp e FDA), proporcionando assim um alimento de melhor qualidade. As altera??es promovidas pela adi??o do FC at? os 20% de inclus?o na ensilagem de cana n?o comprometeram o perfil fermentativo da massa ensilada. A inclus?o do FC ? indicada at? o n?vel de 10% (com base na mat?ria natural), uma vez que maiores inclus?es acarretam em aumento desfavor?vel da mat?ria seca, nitrog?nio amoniacal e redu??o dos teores de carboidratos sol?veis. A partir dos 30 dias ap?s ensilagem, o material ensilado j? apresentava tend?ncia ? estabiliza??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of crambe meal (Crambe abyssinica Hoechst) the fermentative profile and nutritional value of the silage sugarcane evaluated in different opening times of the silos. The experiment took place at the Experimental Farm of Moura, belonging to the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), located in the municipality of Curvelo, MG and the laboratory analyzes performed at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Science UFVJM Campus Diamantina, MG. A completely randomized 4 x 4 factorial design was adopted, with four levels of addition of crambe meal (CM: 0, 5, 10 and 20%, based on natural materials) and four days of opening of silos (10; 20; 30; 60 days after the opening of silos), with four replicates. For the evaluation of the chemical composition was used: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NCF) and total digestible nutrients calculated (TDN calculated. Regarding the fermentative profile were evaluated: water activity (AW), hydrogenionic potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soluble carbohydrates (sCHT), ammonia-nitrogen concentration (N-NH3). Data were subjected to regression analysis (P> 0.05). For variable EE, only dose and time effect was observed (P> 0.05). For the factors? interaction (levels of inclusion of CM x opening time) was observed effect for MS, MM, CP, MO, NDFap, ADF, TC, NFC, TDN, CE, AW, sCHT, pH and N-NH3. The addition of crambe meal in sugarcane silage boosted the chemical composition, since there was an increase in DM, CP, NFC, and a reduction in fibrous components (NDFap and ADF), thus providing better quality food. The changes promoted by the addition of the FC to the 20% inclusion in cane silage did not affect the fermentation characteristics of silage. The inclusion of the FC is given to the level of 10% (based on natural matter), since larger inclusions lead in an unfavorable increase in dry matte, ammonia nitrogen and reduced levels of carbohydrates. From 30 days after ensiling, the ensiled material already presented tendency towards stabilization.