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[pt] As questões de gênero sempre foram um tema de grande relevância dentro da Psicologia. A busca por compreensão desse conceito encontra explicação em diversas teorias. Podemos dizer que gênero está associado a uma categorização social. A orientação de gênero diz respeito a como as pessoas se delimitam em função dos papéis de gênero que assumem. As delimitações de orientação de gênero podem variar do extremo acordo com o sexo biológico até o extremo desacordo com o sexo biológico. Considerando-se assim a orientação de gênero foi possível elaborar um instrumento para mensuração desse construto. O presente trabalho foi divido em dois estudos. O primeiro buscou a elaboração e busca por evidências de validade da Escala de Orientação de Gênero baseada nos sete fatores da sexualidade humana (Escala OriGen). O instrumento apresentou dois fatores: Tipificado e Misto. O fator Tipificado afere o quanto as pessoas consideram que representam e desempenham papeis na sociedade de uma pessoa típica do seu sexo biológico. O fator Misto afere o quanto as pessoas consideram que representam e desempenham papeis na sociedade de ambos os possíveis sexos de nascimento. Além de uma estrutura fatorial ajustada ao modelo teórico, o instrumento apresentou outras evidências de validade satisfatórias, como relações conforme o esperado com os cinco grandes fatores de personalidade, papéis de gênero e apego adulto. O segundo estudo testou a orientação de gênero e a depressão como preditores do risco de suicídio, e investigou relações entre essas variáveis e a homofobia internalizada. Destacam-se as correlações negativas entre risco de suicídio e o fator Tipificado da orientação de gênero e idade; e correlações positivas entre o risco de suicídio e o fator Misto da orientação de gênero, depressão e homofobia internalizada. Conduziu-se uma análise de equações estruturais com as variáveis fator Tipificado da OriGen, fator misto da OriGen, homofobia internalizada explicando depressão, e depressão explicando o risco de suicídio. Esse modelo explicou, aproximadamente, 8% da variância da depressão e 33,8% da variância do risco de suicídio. As análises de equações estruturais indicaram que a orientação de gênero não impacta significativamente o risco de suicídio. Ou seja, a depressão e a homofobia internalizada são mais explicativas do risco de suicídio do que a orientação de gênero. Conclui-se essa tese contribui para a Psicologia como um ponto de partida. Um ponto para maior entendimento das questões de gênero e seu impacto nas vidas dos indivíduos, independente de qual grupo social eles pertençam. / [en] Gender issues have always been a topic of great relevance within Psychology. The search for understanding this concept finds explanations in several theories. We can say that gender is associated with social categorization. Gender orientation concerns how people define themselves according to the gender roles they assume. Gender orientation boundaries can range from extreme agreement with the biological sex to extreme disagreement with the biological sex. Thus, considering gender orientation, it was possible to develop an instrument to measure this construct. The present work was divided into two studies. The first sought to elaborate and search for evidence of the validity of the Gender Orientation Scale based on the seven factors of human sexuality (OriGen Scale). The instrument presented two factors: Typified and Mixed. The Typified factor measures how much people consider that they represent and play roles in society as a typical person of their biological sex. The Mixed factor measures how much people consider that they represent and play roles in society of both possible biological sexes. In addition to a factor structure adjusted to the theoretical model, the instrument presented other satisfactory evidence of validity, such as relationships as expected with the big-five personality factors, gender roles, and adult attachment. The second study tested gender orientation and depression as predictors of suicide risk and investigated relationships between these variables and internalized homophobia. The negative correlations between suicide risk, the Typified factor of gender orientation and age; and the positive correlations between suicide risk, the Mixed factor of gender orientation, depression, and internalized homophobia are highlighted. A structural equation analysis was conducted with the variables the Typified factor of OriGen, the Mixed factor of OriGen, and internalized homophobia explaining depression, and depression explaining the risk of suicide. This model explained 8% of the variance in depression and 33.8% of the variance in suicide risk. Structural equation analyzes indicated that gender orientation does not significantly impact suicide risk. That is, depression and internalized homophobia are more explanatory of suicide risk than gender orientation. We concluded that this thesis contributes to Psychology as a starting point. A point for greater understanding of gender issues and their impact on the lives of individuals, regardless of which social group they belong.

The effects of childhood exposure to parental intimate partner violence (EPIPV) on dating violence (DV) were examined through two layers of mediations. Based on attachment theory, individuals who are exposed to parental intimate partner violence are less likely to experience secure parent-child attachment, which in turn transfers to insecure adult attachment that is prone to perceive significant others as less trustworthy and less reliable as well as higher likelihood of over-reacting and/or staying in an unhealthy relationship. In the second layer of mediation, insecure adult attachment would lead to biased SIP which in turn, would result in an increase of DV. A total of 327 university students participated in the study by voluntarily completing the research questionnaires. Among them, 253 reported having experienced mild to severe DV and were included in the final data set. The data analyses procedures included examinations of the measurement models and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. Findings from the final models best supported by the data indicated that EPIPV predicted both dating violence perpetration and victimization and that EPIPV predicted adult attachment anxiety and avoidance, both of which are consistent with existing literature. However, findings revealed that EPIPV did not predict SIP and SIP was not predictive of DV perpetration. In addition, neither adult attachment anxiety nor attachment avoidance was predictive of DV perpetration and victimization. For DV victimization SEM model, adult attachment anxiety predicted SIP, however, SIP did not predict DV victimization. Findings are discussed based on DV literature and attachment theory. Limitations, clinical implications, and future research directions are also outlined.

本研究主要目的在探討有戀愛經驗大學生的「成人依附」、「社交能力」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」之間的關係。依此目的，本研究先探討不同背景變項的大學生在「逃避依附」、「焦慮依附」、「社交自我效能」、「困擾的自我揭露」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」上的差異情形，並以兩個模式探究有戀愛經驗大學生的「成人依附」、「社交能力」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」之間的關係。模式一探討「逃避依附、焦慮依附、社交自我效能、困擾的自我揭露、寂寞與憂鬱之關係」；模式二探討「逃避依附、焦慮依附、社交自我效能、困擾的自我揭露、社會支持與憂鬱之關係」。研究採問卷調查法，以台灣十一所大學805位有戀愛經驗的大學生為對象，並以隨機方式將之分為兩組，第一組399人，用來刪題與發展模式；第二組406人，用來驗證模式及探究不同背景變項的受試在各研究變項上的差異。研究工具包括成人依附量表、社交自我效能量表、困擾的自我揭露量表、寂寞量表、社會支持量表和憂鬱量表。資料分析方法為因素分析、信度分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及結構方程模式。 本研究以第一組樣本探討初始模式發現，初始模式與觀察資料間適配不理想，故根據修正指標進行修正，修正後的模式與資料適配後，再以第二組樣本驗證模式的穩定性，經驗證模式一及模式二具備相當穩定性，且模式一及模式二都與觀察資料適配，並能有效解釋變項間的關係。 主要研究結果如下： 第一，在背景變項方面：（一）女性受試的「困擾的自我揭露」與「社會支持」顯著高於男性；（二）一年級受試的「焦慮依附」顯著高於三年級及四年級的受試；（三）不在戀愛中受試的「逃避依附」、「焦慮依附」與「寂寞」顯著高於在戀愛中的受試，而在戀愛中受試的「社會支持」顯著高於不在戀愛中的受試；（四）無晤談經驗受試的「逃避依附」顯著高於有晤談經驗的受試，有晤談經驗受試的「寂寞」與「憂鬱」顯著高於無晤談經驗的受試。其他部分則無顯著差異。 第二，在模式方面：（一）逃避依附與焦慮依附會透過社交自我效能而間接影響寂寞，再間接影響憂鬱；（二）逃避依附與焦慮依附會透過社交自我效能而間接影響社會支持，再間接影響憂鬱；（三）逃避依附會透過困擾的自我揭露，間接影響社交自我效能，再透過社交自我效能間接影響寂寞，再間接影響憂鬱；（四）逃避依附會透過困擾的自我揭露，間接影響社交自我效能，再透過社交自我效能間接影響社會支持，再間接影響憂鬱；（五）焦慮依附會直接影響憂鬱；（六）焦慮依附會透過寂寞間接影響憂鬱；（七）焦慮依附對憂鬱的影響效果會大過逃避依附對憂鬱的影響效果；（八）困擾的自我揭露對寂寞不具直接影響力，困擾的自我揭露會透過社交自我效能間接影響寂寞；（九）逃避依附、焦慮依附、困擾的自我揭露對社會支持不具直接影響力，逃避依附、焦慮依附、困擾的自我揭露會透過社交自我效能間接影響社會支持。 最後，根據研究結果，針對個人、學校諮商與輔導實務及未來相關研究提出建議，以供參考。 / The Relationships Among Adult Attachment, Social Competencies, Social Support, Loneliness and Depression of College Students Ching-Ju Lee Abstract The main purpose of this research was to study the relationships among “adult attachment,” “social competencies,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” of the college students who had romance. The researcher first investigated the differences in terms of “attachment avoidance,” “attachment anxiety,” “social self-efficacy,” “distress self-disclosure,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” among the participants who had the different background variables. Also studied were the relationships among “adult attachment,” “social competencies,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” of the college students who had romance by using two models. Model one was used to study “the relationships among attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, social self-efficacy, distress self-disclosure, loneliness and depression.” Model two was used to study “the relationships among attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, social self-efficacy, distress self-disclosure, social support and depression.” This study employed questionnaires to collect data. The participants of the study were 805 Taiwan college students who had romance from 11 universities, and were randomly divided into two groups. In group one, there were 399 participants whose data were used to cancel items and develop models, and in group two there were 406 participants whose data were used to test models and study the differences in regards of different research variables among the participants who had the different background variables. The participants were evaluated by Adult Attachment Scale, Social Self-efficacy Scale, Distress Self-disclosure Scale, Social Support Scale, Loneliness Scale and Depression Scale. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach α analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and SEM. The initial models tested by group one did not fit well with the observed data. Therefore, applying the modification index, the researcher modified the models till the models fit the observed data, then tested the models’ stability by group two, and came to confirm the stability of model one and model two. The researcher found both model one and model two fit the observed data, and could effectively explain the relationships among the variables. The main results of this study were as follows: First, about the background variables: 1. The scores of “distress self-disclosure” and “social support” of girls were significantly higher than those of boys. 2. The scores of “attachment anxiety” of freshmen were significantly higher than those of juniors and seniors. 3. The scores of “attachment avoidance”, “attachment anxiety”, and “loneliness” of the students who were not in love were significantly higher than those of the students who were in love, and the scores of “social support” of the students who were in love were significantly higher than those of the students who were not in love. 4. The scores of “attachment avoidance” of the students who had no counseling experience were significantly higher than those of the students who had counseling experience while the scores of “loneliness” and “depression” of the students who had counseling experience were significantly higher than those of the students who had no counseling experience. There were no significant differences among other variables. Second, about the models: 1. Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety could affect social self-efficacy, and could thus in turn affect loneliness through social self-efficacy, and could indirectly continue to affect depression through loneliness. 2. Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety could affect social self-efficacy, and could thus in turn affect social support through social self-efficacy, and could indirectly continue to affect depression through social support. 3. Attachment avoidance could affect distress self-disclosure, and could thus in turn affect social self-efficacy through distress self-disclosure, loneliness through social self-efficacy, and depression through loneliness. 4. Attachment avoidance could affect distress self-disclosure, and could thus in turn affect social self-efficacy through distress self-disclosure, social support through social self-efficacy, and depression through social support. 5. Attachment anxiety could directly affect depression. 6. Attachment anxiety could indirectly affect depression through loneliness. 7. The effect of attachment anxiety affecting depression was higher than that of attachment avoidance affecting depression. 8. Distress self-disclosure could not directly affect loneliness, while it could indirectly affect loneliness through social self-efficacy. 9. Attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety and distress self-disclosure could not directly affect social support, whereas they could indirectly affect social support through social self-efficacy. Finally, based on the results of the study, the researcher made some further suggestions for individuals, school counseling and future researchers.

L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’examiner le lien entre l’attachement amoureux des conjoints, la satisfaction conjugale, le mandat thérapeutique et le résultat de la thérapie conjugale telle que conduite en milieu naturel. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, des couples se présentant en thérapie conjugale ont d’abord complété une batterie de questionnaires comprenant l’Échelle d’ajustement dyadique (Spanier, 1976) et le Questionnaire sur les expériences d’attachement amoureux (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Les thérapeutes ont par la suite indiqué le mandat thérapeutique poursuivi avec chaque couple (réconciliation ou résolution de l’ambivalence), suivant la classification de Poitras-Wright et St-Père (2004). À la fin de la consultation, le jugement du thérapeute a été utilisé pour classer chacun des cas comme ayant abandonné ou complété le traitement. Les couples ayant complété la thérapie ont rempli l’Échelle d’ajustement dyadique au post-traitement. Dans le premier des articles composant cette thèse, le lien entre l’attachement amoureux et la satisfaction conjugale a été examiné auprès d’un échantillon de 172 couples en détresse débutant une thérapie conjugale, de même qu’auprès de 56 couples non en détresse débutant également une thérapie conjugale, pour fins de comparaison. Les résultats ont démontré que l’évitement de la proximité semble être une caractéristique distinctive des couples en détresse et que cette dimension de l’attachement est fortement liée à l’insatisfaction conjugale de ce même groupe. Dans le deuxième article, le mandat thérapeutique, l’attachement amoureux et la satisfaction conjugale ont été examinés en tant que prédicteurs de l’abandon de la thérapie conjugale, auprès de 141 couples. Les résultats ont notamment démontré qu’un mandat de résolution de l’ambivalence augmente les probabilités d’abandon de la thérapie conjugale. De plus, les prédicteurs du résultat de la thérapie ont également été examinés dans ce second article. Les résultats obtenus au moyen d’analyses acteur-partenaire ont démontré que la satisfaction conjugale pré-traitement apparaît comme le meilleur prédicteur de la satisfaction conjugale post-traitement, et ce, malgré l’inclusion de l’attachement amoureux parmi les variables investiguées. Considérés dans leur ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que l’insécurité d’attachement serait fortement associée à l’insatisfaction des couples en détresse, mais ne nuirait pas pour autant à l’obtention d’un résultat positif en thérapie conjugale. En somme, cette thèse contribue à l’avancement des connaissances en se penchant sur l’utilité de la théorie de l’attachement en thérapie conjugale et en soulignant la nécessité de tenir compte des mandats thérapeutiques dans les futures études en thérapie conjugale. Les implications cliniques des résultats et des recommandations pour la recherche clinique sont présentées dans la conclusion de l’ouvrage. / The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the link between adult romantic attachment, relationship satisfaction, therapeutic mandates and couple therapy outcome. Couples seeking therapy in a natural setting completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) at intake. Therapists classified the therapeutic mandate pursued in each case (i.e., alleviation of couple distress or ambivalence resolution) according to the Classification of Therapeutic Mandates Questionnaire (Poitras-Wright & St-Père, 2004). When treatment ceased, couples were classified as dropouts or completers according to therapists’ judgment, and completers were further assessed using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. In the first of two articles, the association between adult romantic attachment and pre-treatment marital satisfaction was investigated in a sample of 172 distressed couples seeking therapy, as well as in a comparison sample of 56 nondistressed couples seeking therapy. Results showed that attachment avoidance was a distinctive characteristic of distressed couples and that it was a strong predictor of marital dissatisfaction among distressed couples seeking therapy. Based on a series of 141 couple therapy cases, the second article examined therapeutic mandates, romantic attachment orientations, and pre-treatment marital satisfaction as predictors of premature disengagement from couple therapy. The most striking result was that an ambivalence resolution mandate was strongly associated with increased chances of treatment discontinuation. Predictors of couple therapy outcome were also examined: actor-partner analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of post-treatment marital satisfaction was pre-treatment marital satisfaction, despite the inclusion of romantic attachment among the predictor variables. Overall, these results indicate that attachment insecurity is strongly related to distressed couples’ marital dissatisfaction, but that it might not impede the attainment of a positive outcome in couple therapy. In sum, this thesis contributed to the field of couple therapy by investigating the pertinence of attachment theory in couple treatment, and highlighting the need for further study of therapeutic mandates in couple therapy. Clinical implications for couple therapy are discussed, and recommendations for clinical research offered.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>The aim of the thesis was to examine the applicability of attachment theory to adult and adolescent religiosity. Attachment theory is an empirically oriented research paradigm that takes evolutionary theory as the starting point in the study of child-parent relations and their socioemotional correlates in development. The work consisted of two interrelated tasks. First, limitations in theory and research in the psychology of religion, particularly the traditional psychodynamic perspectives, were highlighted, and attachment theory was proposed as an integrative framework to remedy some of those limitations. Second, four empirical studies (I-IV), based on attachment theoretical predictions, were conducted to investigate relations between individual differences in attachment and religiosity. </p><p>The combined results from the studies suggest the existence of two religiosity profiles in relation to attachment. Both profiles resemble influential descriptions of individual religiosity differences in the psychology of religion literature. The religiosity of individuals in the first profile is similar to their parents' religiosity and is likely to be stable over time. If religious changes have been experienced, these are likely to be gradual, to occur early in life, and in a context pointing to the importance of relationships with religious significant others. Such individuals' God image is likely to be loving, and not distant. It was hypothesized that these religiosity characteristics stern from experiences with sensitive attachment figures in childhood, and that such experiences have promoted partial adoption of the attachment figures' religious standards. The mental representations of attachment resulting from the favorable experiences were suggested to be responsible for a corresponding image of a loving God. </p><p>The religiosity of individuals in the second profile is independent of parental religiosity, and is likely to fluctuate (increase and decrease) over time. Their religious changes are more sudden and intense, occur relatively later in life, and in a context pointing to an emotionally supportive function for religion. Such individuals' God image is more distant, and less loving. These religiosity characteristics were hypothesized to stem from experiences with insensitive attachment figures in childhood. It was suggested that they reflect an affect regulation strategy to obtain/maintain a sense of felt security, and that God is utilized as a compensatory attachment-like figure in this regard. </p><p>Findings pertaining to the profiles generally emerged regardless of whether the design was cross-sectional (I-IV) or longitudinal (III); whether participants were adults (I, II, and IV) or adolescents (Study III); and whether attachment was assessed with self-report questionnaires (I-IV) or independent ratings based on a semi-structured interview (IV).</p>

The aim of the thesis was to examine the applicability of attachment theory to adult and adolescent religiosity. Attachment theory is an empirically oriented research paradigm that takes evolutionary theory as the starting point in the study of child-parent relations and their socioemotional correlates in development. The work consisted of two interrelated tasks. First, limitations in theory and research in the psychology of religion, particularly the traditional psychodynamic perspectives, were highlighted, and attachment theory was proposed as an integrative framework to remedy some of those limitations. Second, four empirical studies (I-IV), based on attachment theoretical predictions, were conducted to investigate relations between individual differences in attachment and religiosity. The combined results from the studies suggest the existence of two religiosity profiles in relation to attachment. Both profiles resemble influential descriptions of individual religiosity differences in the psychology of religion literature. The religiosity of individuals in the first profile is similar to their parents' religiosity and is likely to be stable over time. If religious changes have been experienced, these are likely to be gradual, to occur early in life, and in a context pointing to the importance of relationships with religious significant others. Such individuals' God image is likely to be loving, and not distant. It was hypothesized that these religiosity characteristics stern from experiences with sensitive attachment figures in childhood, and that such experiences have promoted partial adoption of the attachment figures' religious standards. The mental representations of attachment resulting from the favorable experiences were suggested to be responsible for a corresponding image of a loving God. The religiosity of individuals in the second profile is independent of parental religiosity, and is likely to fluctuate (increase and decrease) over time. Their religious changes are more sudden and intense, occur relatively later in life, and in a context pointing to an emotionally supportive function for religion. Such individuals' God image is more distant, and less loving. These religiosity characteristics were hypothesized to stem from experiences with insensitive attachment figures in childhood. It was suggested that they reflect an affect regulation strategy to obtain/maintain a sense of felt security, and that God is utilized as a compensatory attachment-like figure in this regard. Findings pertaining to the profiles generally emerged regardless of whether the design was cross-sectional (I-IV) or longitudinal (III); whether participants were adults (I, II, and IV) or adolescents (Study III); and whether attachment was assessed with self-report questionnaires (I-IV) or independent ratings based on a semi-structured interview (IV).

本研究試圖整合成人依附理論與Benjamin的SASB人際行為環複模式，主要研究目的有二，研究目的一：探討伴侶間的人際行為是否會影響個人在愛情關係中依附特質的展現，研究目的二：探討伴侶間的人際行為對個人在愛情關係中依附風格、依附特質改變的影響情形。在本研究中，在伴侶間人際行為的內涵包括親和性（又分成滋潤性與破壞性）與互依性（又分成自主性與控制性）等人際行為，伴侶間互動層次共測量個體自陳對方提供行為、實際對方提供行為，個體的尋求行為、以及提供-尋求行為之間的互補性（亦分成個體自陳伴侶間的互補性、以及實際伴侶間的互補性）。依附特質的測量包括個體自陳在愛情中與伴侶間的焦慮與逃避依附特質等，並可組合出安全型、焦慮/矛盾型、逃避型、與錯亂型等四種依附風格。 本研究採取「追蹤研究法」，平均間隔約12.49週，進行兩個時間點的測量，邀請正在約會關係中的大學生伴侶雙方共234人接受單獨的成人依附特質量表(ECR)、伴侶間人際行為量表(SASB模式)的測量，並同時詢問其壓力事件調查表與測驗大學生身心健康調查表(GHQ)，以作為排除影響依附風格改變的干擾變項，兩個時間點皆完成測驗且未分手者共計199人。研究目的一的分析對象為第一個時間受測者，但必須是正在談戀愛而未分手的大學生，共計232人符合標準，其中男性佔35％，女性佔65%，，而完整的配對資料共76對，故有152人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。 研究目的二的受測者除了兩個時間點皆受測且未分手外，還必須排除在兩個時間點遭受重大壓力者與GHQ量表上表現出身心健康狀況不佳者，共計有效受試者為183人，伴侶雙方皆完成測驗的共計63對，故有126人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。本研究亦針對個體自陳對方提供行為、以及各人際行為的親和性與互依性指標、提供與尋求行為的互補性指標等，進行信效度的檢驗。 本研究結果可分成兩大部分。第一，在人際行為對愛情依附特質與風格改變的影響方面，可發現部分伴侶間人際行為的確可對依附特質造成影響：1. 「親和性」人際行為最能影響愛情依附特質，並與依附風格、依附特質改變最有關連；2.「滋潤性親和」不同於「破壞性親和」對依附特質的影響；3.個體在愛情關係中的依附特質，主要受到個體「主觀認知」到的伴侶間人際互動，而並不一定會受到「實際」伴侶間人際互動的影響；4. 逃避特質則較明顯受到伴侶間滋潤性親和人際行為的影響，而焦慮依附特質較受到伴侶間破壞性人際行為的影響，但焦慮依附特質的改變與伴侶人際行為關連性較低。第二，對個體在關係中單向的人際行為而言，親和性比互依性人際行為更能影響愛情依附特質，甚至與依附風格、依附特質的改變更有關連；但互依性指標（自主性）對依附特質並非沒有影響力，而是會顯現在雙向人際行為的互補性當中。 最後乃說明本研究的討論與限制，並提出未來在研究上與伴侶諮商實務上的建議。 / This study tried to integrate adult attachment theory and Benjamin’s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Models (SASB). There were two major purposes of the study: The first one was to, discussing whether the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment characteristics for college students. The Second was to, discussing the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on the change of attachment styles and characteristics. In this study, the content of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors includes affiliation (best and worst) and interdependence (autonomy and control) behaviors. The interactions of dating couples were measured by self reporting partner’s providing behaviors, actual partner’s providing behaviors, subjects’ seeking behaviors, the complements of self reporting dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors, and the complements of actual dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors. The measurement of attachment characteristics included anxiety and avoidance trait, which could be combined to four attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, disoriented / disorganized. The study took ‘panel study’, and the average interval of test-retest time points was about 12.49 weeks. Total subjects were 234, who were measured by ECR and couples’ interpersonal behaviors (SASB model). Questionnaires of stress events, and GHQ were interference variables for the use of the purpose of the second study. There were 232 subjects composed of 35% male and 65% female in the purpose of first study. These subjects who were all measured in the first timing were falling in love and not yet breaking-up. There were 76 pairs complete matching data, so 152 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship. There were 183 subjects in the purpose of the second study. Besides subjects who were measured in the two time points were falling in love and not yet breaking-up, it had to eliminate two interference variables. There were 63 pairs complete matching data, so 126 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship. There were two major results in this study. First, couples’ interpersonal behaviors had the impact on attachment characteristics: 1. affiliation interpersonal behaviors could affect romantic attachment characteristics, and was related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics. 2. The impact on attachment characteristics was different between ‘best affiliation’ and ‘worst affiliation’. 3. Self reporting couples’ interpersonal behaviors had impact on attachment characteristics. On the contrary, actual couples’ interpersonal behaviors had no impact. 4. ‘Best affiliation’ had impact on avoidance attachment characteristics, and ‘worst affiliation’ had impact on anxiety attachment characteristics. The association between the change of anxiety attachment characteristics and couples’ interpersonal behaviors was low. Second, for one-way interpersonal behavior in dating relationship, affiliation behaviors affected romantic attachment characteristics more than interdependence. Even affiliation behaviors were more related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics than interdependence. The complement of couples’ autonomy interpersonal behaviors also affected attachment characteristics. In addition, implication for adult attachment research and couple therapy in dating relationship was discussed. Research limitation was also explicated.