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This study examined the differences in individual self-esteem, collective self-esteem and the need to belong between group members and non-group members of Greek organizations, religious groups and ethnic/cultural organizations. Participants were freshman and sophomore students from a large southeastern university. Participants were given Rosenberg's (1965) self-esteem scale, Lutanen and Cracker's (1992) collective self-esteem scale and the Need to Belong scale by Leary et al., (2005), as well as asked about their various group affiliations. It was found that participants who reported belonging to a Greek organization scored significantly higher on the Need to Belong scale than their counterparts. Also, participants who reported a religious affiliation scored significantly higher on the public collective self-esteem subscale than those who reported no religious affiliation. Participants who reported belonging to an ethnic/cultural organization showed similar scores on the three scales to those who did not report such an affiliation. Further research should expand this study to an older more mature population because there are likely to be differences on these scales for those who report a religious affiliation and those who do not.

This thesis aims to conduct a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of news articles and tweets discussing the climate protest that occurred on October 14th, 2022, where activists threw tomato soup on Van Gogh’s “Sunflower” at the London National Museum. The purpose is to investigate the media logic and the underlying social and cultural factors of iconoclastic actions that shaped the media discourse surrounding the event. The research questions this thesis aims to investigate are: RQ1: How are news values emphasized in media coverage of the tomato soup incident, as reflected in both news articles and Twitter posts? RQ2: Through the lens of media logic, how do media discourses shape perceptions of the climate action? RQ3: ​​How do affiliations with culturally significant artifacts and the climate shape the discursive representations of the protest in news articles and tweets? The sample consists of 34 tweets and 15 news articles. It is analyzed according to Van Dijk’s and Faircough’s CDA frameworks and the concepts of mediatization, media logic, iconoclasm, affiliation (as defined by Stoler (2022)) and news values. The results of this study suggest that the event had significant news value due to the iconoclastic tactics. Further, the media logic is seemingly involved in shaping the news into a sensationalistic story with little focus on the cause of the action. Lastly, the discourses surrounding the event on the platforms can be discussed in light of affiliation to provide an understanding of the discourse.

Gangs continue to extend a strong influence around the United States, impacting most urban areas and spreading into suburban and rural communities. With approximately one million members actively involved, gangs account for up to 80% of crimes in some communities. Amidst crime and antisocial activities associated with gangs, gangs continue to be a strong allure for youth. Much research has investigated reasons for youth joining gangs; however, there is a lack of research exploring the kinds of experiences youths receive while living the gang life. According to Utah statistics, Pacific Islander youth are at high risk of joining a gang: A disproportionately high percentage of Utah gang members are of Pacific Islander decent. Pacific Islanders make up less than 1% of Utah's population while composing 13% of Utah's gang population and 1.6% of Utah's state prison population. Minimal research has been conducted to understand the kinds of experiences Pacific Islander youths experience while with the gang. This information is critical to informing effective prevention and intervention efforts. Addressing this need, this retrospective qualitative study focused on four males, Utah Pacific Islander former gang members who experienced gang life while in their youth. During one-on-one interviews with the primary investigator, each individual described his personal gang experiences, providing four detailed stories/descriptions of everyday lived experiences. Each interview portrayed themes of feeling respected, having access to things desired, feeling a family bond, and having the presence of significant others in their lives. Based on information shared in these four interviews, the discussion section summarizes implications for intervention and practice, providing insights to better understand underlying needs of Pacific Islander youth and reasons for entry into, continued activity in, and eventual exit from gang life.

Historically, research has connected religiosity to many economic concepts in the United States. Religiosity can be a primary factor in the development of attitudes and values regarding financial issues and personal wealth. This study further expands the sociology of religion and economics by examining how differences in religious affiliation, attendance, and sociodemographic factors affect attitudes regarding personal wealth and financial behaviors. Previous studies have concentrated on religious differences in income, education, and life course achievement; however, few studies, if any, have directly measured religiosity and subjective attitudes toward personal wealth. Using the PEW Research Center's Economy Survey from February 2008, this examination uses multiple regression models to understand the extent to which religiosity affects wealth attitudes in America. Indicators of subjective wealth incorporated in the analysis are satisfaction of vehicle and home, ability to take preferable vacations, and desirable amount of discretionary income. The results of this study are discussed, as well as potential options for future research.

The first chapter covers the theoretical aspects of loneliness as a social and psychological phenomenon. The second chapter studies the theoretical approaches to understanding the achievement motivation, it gives the justification of the hypothesis, and explains the choice of the sampling. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the results of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research and gives the proposals on the application of the findings in scientific and practical work. / В работе раскрываются теоретические аспекты феномена одиночества как социально-психологического явления. Изучаются теоретические подходы к понятию мотивации достижений, приводится обоснование гипотезы исследования, обозначается актуальность исследования изучаемых психологических явлений у студентов. Представлены основные выводы исследования, и предложения по дальнейшему использованию полученных результатов в научной и практической деятельности.

The changes that have taken place during and after the Covid-19 pandemic are a fact, including the way managers communicate. This is because more and more employees are choosing to work from home, which represents a distance of communication between the manager and employee which they did not previously have. In contrast, remote communication in the consulting industry has been established since before the pandemic, where consulting managers are not present at the same workplace as the consultants. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of managerial presence in communication between the manager and the employee in the consulting and staffing industry. To answer the aim, a comparison of the communication between a present and an absent manager is carried out. This is done using the concepts: communication, demands, control, support, availability and belonging. To answer the purpose, a comparative qualitative study has been conducted with three consultants and their respective consulting managers, where a comparison between the consultants' current workplace as a consultant and their then workplace when they were not working as a consultant is carried out. The empirical data is analyzed based on the theory of the requirement-controlsupport model, the theory of interaction and organizational identity. The study shows that clear communication and support in the form of the consultant manager's availability to the consultant contributes to an increased sense of control over the work and belonging to the consulting firm for the consultant. Thus, the fact that they do not communicate face-to-face does not matter, if the communication is clear, and the consultant feels a sense of security towards the consultant manager. / Att omställningar skett under och efter Covid-19 pandemin är ett faktum, varav chefers sätt att kommunicera har varit en omställning. Orsaken till omställningen är att allt fler anställda väljer att arbeta hemifrån, vilket skapar en distanskommunikation mellan chef och den anställda som tidigare in existerat. Däremot är distanskommunikationen inom konsultbranschen etablerat sedan innan pandemin, där konsultchefer inte är närvarande på konsulternas arbetsplats. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken betydelse chefens närvaro har i kommunikationen mellan chefen och den anställda inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen. För att besvara syftet har en jämförelse av kommunikationen mellan en närvarande respektive frånvarande chef genomförts med hjälp av begreppen: kommunikation, krav, kontroll, stöd, tillgänglighet samt tillhörighet. För att kunna besvara syftet har en komparativ kvalitativ studie genomförts med tre konsulter och deras respektive konsultchefer, där konsulternas tidigare arbetsplats, när de inte arbetade som konsult, och konsulternas nuvarande arbetsplats jämfördes. Empirin har analyserats utifrån teorin om krav-kontroll-stödmodellen, teori om interaktion samt organisationsidentitet. Studien visar att tydlig kommunikation och stöd i form av konsultchefens tillgänglighet bidrar till ökad känsla av kontroll över arbetet och tillhörighet till konsultföretaget för konsulten. Att de inte kommunicerar ansikte mot ansikte har således ingen betydelse, så länge kommunikationen är tydlig och konsulten känner en trygghet till sin konsultchef.

This study examines how The Times and The Irish Times framed the Anglo-Irish War from September to December 1920. The research question explores how the British and Irish press framed the Anglo-Irish War based on political and national affiliations. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to an understanding of how the newspapers chose to frame the war based on their own interests and perspectives. The military-historical interest lies in understanding the role of the media in war and how they influence the reader’s perceptions of the war and its participants. The source material used consists of 14 newspaper editions from The Times and 15 from The Irish Times between September 1st and December 31st, 1920. The sources are digitized primary materials obtained from the newspapers’ online archives. To analyse the material, the method of qualitative text analysis has been employed, involving careful reading to identify trends in the newspapers. Combined with the method, the framing theory has been applied to interpret frames in relation to the newspapers’ political stance and national identity. Previous research indicates that the newspapers were not objective observers of the war, but through their critical reporting, influenced public opinion and the outcome of the war. This study demonstrates that The Times and The Irish Times framed the war and its participants differently, thereby creating different versions of the reality of the war. The Times focused on British reprisals and emphasized the international reputation of the empire. The Irish Times focused on the IRA and the consequences of their actions for the Irish people. The results are considered relevant today to remind consumers of the media to be critical of sources and aware of media’s framing.

Attitudes and beliefs influence how counselors practice. This study explored four psychosocial factors and their correlation to the attitudes of graduate counseling students' (N = 28) toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) individuals. The four main psychosocial factors that were identified in previous research include knowledge level, religiosity, political affiliation, and previous experience with LGBTQ individuals. The hypothesis of this study was there are relationships between attitudes toward LGBTQ individuals and the aforementioned psychosocial factors. Students were invited to participate through emails sent by the Director of the Counseling Education program. The survey used to collect data included a demographics questionnaire and three scales. The findings did not show any significant correlations between knowledge level, religiosity, and political affiliation and attitudes. Personal relationships and attitudes could not be tested due to limitations of the study. These findings were not congruent with previous research.

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