Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad van Stefans Grové en Fanfare Festival Overture van Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph ten opsigte van struktuur, melodie, ritme en instrumentasie te ontleed en sodoende vas te stel watter Afrika-etniese elemente gebruik word en hoe dit toegepas is. ʼn Vergelykende studie is gedoen om vas te stel of daar enige ooreenkomste of verskille tussen die twee werke is. Verskeie skripsies, verhandelings en proefskrifte oor werke van Grové en Zaidel- Rudolph is geraadpleeg. Die skrywer kon nie gepubliseerde weergawes van Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad en Fanfare Festival Overture opspoor nie, daarom is die ontleding met behulp van afskrifte van die handgeskrewe manuskripte onderneem. Daar is gereeld na die CD-opnames van albei werke (op die Claremont GSE-etiket) geluister. Die verhandeling bestaan uit ses hoofstukke. In die eerste hoofstuk word die agtergrond en motivering vir die studie uiteengesit en Hoofstuk 2 bevat kort biografieë van Grové en Zaidel-Rudolph. Grové se Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad word in Hoofstuk 3 ontleed en verskillende Afrika-etniese elemente word beskryf soos wat dit van toepassing op die analise is. Zaidel-Rudolph se Fanfare Festival Overture word in Hoofstuk 4 op dieselfde wyse as Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad ontleed. Die laaste twee hoofstukke (Hoofstuk 5 en 6) bevat ʼn vergelyking tussen die aanwending van Afrika-etniese elemente in die twee komposisies, asook gevolgtrekkings en voorstelle vir verdere studie. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekkings is die volgende: <ul> <li> Afrika-etniese elemente word in albei werke op só ʼn manier aangewend dat die komposisie vir ʼn Westerse orkes toeganklik is.</li> <li> In albei werke se struktuur word die roep-en-antwoord-beginsel en herhalende melodieë wat tydens elke herhaling effens gewysig word (permutasie) aangewend. Die melodiese inhoud word deur die mineur terts (ʼn interval van die pentatoniese toonleer) en twyfelagtige tonaliteite oorheers. Ritmiese ostinaatpatrone, die 12/8-metrum en poliritmiek in die Afrika-deel van Zaidel-Rudolph se komposisie bewerkstellig onmiddellik Afrika-etniese assosiasies. Die bongo-tromme en marimba kom in albei komposisies as Afrika-instrumente voor.</li> <li>Grové en Zaidel-Rudolph benader die aanwending van Afrika-etniese elemente in Westerse musiek op verskillende maniere.</li></ul> ENGLISH : The main objective of this study was to analyse the structure, melody, rhythm and instrumentation of Stefans Grové’s Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad and Jeanne Zaidel- Rudolph’s Fanfare Festival Overture in order to determine which African ethnic elements are used in the two compositions and how these elements are applied. A comparative study was done to determine what the similarities and differences are between the two works. Several mini-dissertations, dissertations and theses about works by Grové and Zaidel-Rudolph were consulted. The author could not find published versions of Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad and Fanfare Festival Overture, therefore the analysis was done with copies of the hand-written manuscripts. The author frequently listened to CD recordings (Claremont GSE label) of both works. The dissertation consists of six chapters. In the first chapter the author explains the background and motivation for the study and Chapter 2 contains short biographies of Grové and Zaidel-Rudolph. Grové’s Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad is analysed in Chapter 3 and the different African ethnic elements that apply to this work are described. Zaidel-Rudolph’s Fanfare Festival Overture is analysed in Chapter 4, in the same way as Grové’s Dansrapsodie – ʼn Afrika-stad. The last two chapters (Chapter 5 and 6) include a comparison between the application of African ethnic elements in the two compositions, as well as conclusions and suggestions of topics for future studies. The most important conclusions are the following: <ul> <li> African ethnic elements are applied in such a way that both compositions are accessible for Western (“art music”) orchestras.</li> <li> In both compositions’ structure the call-and-response principle and repeated melodies (that are modified during each repeat) are applied. Both works’melodic content is dominated by the interval of a minor 3rd (an interval from the pentatonic scale) and an ambiguous tonality. Rhythmic ostinatos, the 12/8 metre and polyrhythm in the African part of Zaidel-Rudolph’s Fanfare Festival Overture immediately bring about African ethnic associations. The bongos and marimba as African instruments can be found in both works.</li> <li> Grové and Zaidel-Rudolph approach the application of African ethnic elements in Western art music in different ways.</li></ul> Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

The thesis deals with the analysis of the oil industry in Sudan and South Sudan in the 21st century. The first part follows up the role of oil in the African continent; the history of oil production, the rest is devoted to a more detailed analysis of the oil sector in Sudan or South Sudan after 2011. Then the characteristics of future scenarios are realized. The scenarios are affected by the civil war in the South Sudan and border disputes between the North and the South.

Die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen der zeitgenössischen afrikanischen Kunst und den anderen Gesellschaften dieses Planeten kommt mir immer wieder vor wie der Ausdruck einer Trauer im kulturellen und künstlerischen Bereich, die Menschheit seit dem Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts bis heute mit sich trägt. Einerseits ist diese Trauer auf den unerwarteten und plötzlichen tiefen Bruch zwischen Kunst und Sakralem zurückzuführen, der Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts in Europa zustande kam und Afrika in den dreißiger Jahren einholte. Andererseits hatte der Anfang des kalten Krieges mit seinen ideologischen Merkmalen eine derart beeinflussende Rolle, dass sich auf diesem Kontinent eine Kunstform entwickeln können, die sich als modisches Element versteht und jegliche Sakrale Bedeutung verloren hat. Von diesem Augenblick an tritt sein Verhältnis zu den anderen Gesellschaften in eine elitäre Phase ein, die in meiner Arbeit zugrunde liegen wird. In meiner Arbeit habe ich den Einfluss der Epoche des kalten Krieges auf die zeitgenössische afrikanische Kunstproduktion und deren Wahrnehmung insbesondere in Deutschland untersuchen. Es soll ermittelt werden wie in den beiden ehemals getrennten Staaten: DDR und BRD Kunstmarktexperten, Journalisten und allgemein die Verbraucher zeitgenössische afrikanische Kunst einschätzten. Es handelt sich hierbei um ein ideales, in Europa und auf der ganzen Welt einzigartiges Untersuchungsbeispiel, an dem man die in beiden Ländern damals jeweils unterschiedliche Art der kulturellen Organisation sowie das Wahrnehmung und das Verständnis von afrikanischer Kunst herausarbeiten kann. / "The Art and Arbitrary: A study for African Contemporary Art perception in western: Germany’s case from 1950 to today", is a study of the art theories, art criticism and philosophic, ethnologic, even journalistic view of African contemporary art in Germany following the Second World War. This study describes the relationship of capitalist and communist ideologies concerning their reception to African contemporary art. By implementing colonial/post-colonial theories, this project examines western perceptions of contemporary African art. What is African contemporary art a product for money, or a product for struggle against imperialism?

Today, the mass media is playing a key role in reinforcing globalisation, providing people with information that can make them more enlightened about the world. But apart from being an efficient tool for spreading information and a possible ”window on the world” the media can also produce preconceptions and create distance between people and places. This is a study on how African countries are portrayed in the Swedish Television news. The aim of the study is to describe, analyse and compare how Africa was described in 2003 and how it is described ten years later, in 2013. The analysis is based on foreign news reports in one of the main Swedish public service broadcasters, Sveriges Television (SVT). The theoretical framework primarily consists of theories on media logic and news values, representation, identification, globalisation and cosmopolitanism. One of the main conclusions is that although the amount of news on Africa has increased, the character of the news reports is still dominated by negative events such as wars, conflicts and suffering. Alongside this stereotypical and highly negative portrayal of Africa exists another story that focuses on economic development and success – An image that both brings new insights and creates new stereotypes.

Adolescence is a phase that includes substantial physical, social and psychological changes (Department of Health, 1999) and is considered to be a psychologically turbulent and emotional period in a person’s life (Strong, De Vault, Satad & Yarber, 2001) that can also have an influence o n parent–child relationships. The purpose of this stud y is to specifically focus on parent– adolescent relationships of African female adolescents as research and literature is limited regarding African female adolescent s’ experience of parent–adolescent relationships and the dynamics involve d. Little is known of how African female adolescents experience the relationship they have with their parents and what their needs are regarding these relationshi.p s The objectives of this studya re to explore and describe African female adolescents’ experience of parent–adolescent relationships, and to explore aspects of African female adolescents’ relationships with their parents that may influence t heir sense of well–being. Thirty and thirty–two African female adolescents participated voluntarily in graphic family sculpting and focus group interviews respectively. Six focus group interviews at Randfontein High School, Gauteng, provided rich data on African female adolescents’ experience of parentadolescent relationships and aspects of the relationships that influence their sense of wellbeing. The findings suggest that the majority of the participants experience a more positive relationship with their mothesr than with their fathesr, and that positive and negative aspects in their relationships with their parents is perceived to influence their well–being. The importance of communication was a very prominent theme in the focus group discussions. With regard to graphic family sculpting, the findings also suggest that the mothers have a more prominent and positive role and participants experience their fathers as less involved. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psyvhology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically. The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions. The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa. In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons). / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Depression is a psychiatric disorder associated with severe impairment in physical, social and role functioning, and with higher health care utilization. Experiencing an event that causes physical or psychological stress may substantially increase a person's chances of developing depression. Coping has been defined as a response aimed at diminishing the physical, emotional and psychological burden that is associated with stressful life events. Coping is considered one of the core concepts in health psychology and is strongly associated with the regulation of emotions throughout the stress period and thus it is important that it is understood, especially in the South African context of future morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between coping self–efficacy strategies and depression in an African context. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of 2 198 participants from both rural and urban areas. The rural group consisted of 182 adolescent Further Education and Training (FET) students between the ages of 16 and 21 years, and the urban group consisted of another 2 016 adolescent FET students between the ages of 16 and 21 years. Participants from both groups completed measurements on coping and depression. Two self–report measures were used: the Coping Self–Efficacy Scale (CSE) to determine a person's confidence or perceived self–efficacy in performing coping behaviors when facing life challenges or threats and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) to measure depression severity. Descriptive analysis results indicated that a relationship existed between coping selfefficacy strategies and depression and that levels of depression were very similar for both rural (9.23) and urban (9.25) groups. Coping strategies were very different in rural and urban areas; rural participants only used problem–focused coping and stop unpleasant thoughts and emotions, while urban participants used all three coping self–efficacy strategies: problemfocused coping, stopping unpleasant thoughts and emotions and support from friends and family. Rural participants did not use support from friends and family as a coping selfefficacy strategy; possibly due to the different relationships people living in rural areas have with one another, as opposed to the relationships of people living in urban areas. Rural people may not deem it socially acceptable to ask friends or family members or help when struggling with various stressors. Alternatively, rural areas may be more depleted of personal resources due to the strong urbanization process going on. It was concluded that there is an important relationship between coping strategies and level of depression, and in this study this relationship was found to be different in some ways for rural and urban groups. The results of this study have great implications for further research and clinical practice. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Adolescence is a phase that includes substantial physical, social and psychological changes (Department of Health, 1999) and is considered to be a psychologically turbulent and emotional period in a person’s life (Strong, De Vault, Satad & Yarber, 2001) that can also have an influence o n parent–child relationships. The purpose of this stud y is to specifically focus on parent– adolescent relationships of African female adolescents as research and literature is limited regarding African female adolescent s’ experience of parent–adolescent relationships and the dynamics involve d. Little is known of how African female adolescents experience the relationship they have with their parents and what their needs are regarding these relationshi.p s The objectives of this studya re to explore and describe African female adolescents’ experience of parent–adolescent relationships, and to explore aspects of African female adolescents’ relationships with their parents that may influence t heir sense of well–being. Thirty and thirty–two African female adolescents participated voluntarily in graphic family sculpting and focus group interviews respectively. Six focus group interviews at Randfontein High School, Gauteng, provided rich data on African female adolescents’ experience of parentadolescent relationships and aspects of the relationships that influence their sense of wellbeing. The findings suggest that the majority of the participants experience a more positive relationship with their mothesr than with their fathesr, and that positive and negative aspects in their relationships with their parents is perceived to influence their well–being. The importance of communication was a very prominent theme in the focus group discussions. With regard to graphic family sculpting, the findings also suggest that the mothers have a more prominent and positive role and participants experience their fathers as less involved. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psyvhology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically. The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions. The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa. In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons). / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Depression is a psychiatric disorder associated with severe impairment in physical, social and role functioning, and with higher health care utilization. Experiencing an event that causes physical or psychological stress may substantially increase a person's chances of developing depression. Coping has been defined as a response aimed at diminishing the physical, emotional and psychological burden that is associated with stressful life events. Coping is considered one of the core concepts in health psychology and is strongly associated with the regulation of emotions throughout the stress period and thus it is important that it is understood, especially in the South African context of future morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between coping self–efficacy strategies and depression in an African context. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of 2 198 participants from both rural and urban areas. The rural group consisted of 182 adolescent Further Education and Training (FET) students between the ages of 16 and 21 years, and the urban group consisted of another 2 016 adolescent FET students between the ages of 16 and 21 years. Participants from both groups completed measurements on coping and depression. Two self–report measures were used: the Coping Self–Efficacy Scale (CSE) to determine a person's confidence or perceived self–efficacy in performing coping behaviors when facing life challenges or threats and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) to measure depression severity. Descriptive analysis results indicated that a relationship existed between coping selfefficacy strategies and depression and that levels of depression were very similar for both rural (9.23) and urban (9.25) groups. Coping strategies were very different in rural and urban areas; rural participants only used problem–focused coping and stop unpleasant thoughts and emotions, while urban participants used all three coping self–efficacy strategies: problemfocused coping, stopping unpleasant thoughts and emotions and support from friends and family. Rural participants did not use support from friends and family as a coping selfefficacy strategy; possibly due to the different relationships people living in rural areas have with one another, as opposed to the relationships of people living in urban areas. Rural people may not deem it socially acceptable to ask friends or family members or help when struggling with various stressors. Alternatively, rural areas may be more depleted of personal resources due to the strong urbanization process going on. It was concluded that there is an important relationship between coping strategies and level of depression, and in this study this relationship was found to be different in some ways for rural and urban groups. The results of this study have great implications for further research and clinical practice. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.